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Needle stick and sharp injuryNeedle stick and sharp injury

By.Yaninee Anusitvivat 5010310039

Panut nisityotakul 5010310089

Lalita Sae-lin 5010310125

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Incidence of Needle stick andIncidence of Needle stick and

sharp injurysharp injuryIncidence of needle stick and sharp injury

=

2550- 2551

= 125

4,052

= 0.038

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Incidence of Needle stick andIncidence of Needle stick and

sharp injurysharp injuryIncidence of needle stick and sharp injury

=

2551- 2552

= 199

4,106

= 0.048

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2251

18%

46%

2%

7%

.10%

6%

11%

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2252

5

35

8%

11%

.12%

6%

13%

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3

32%

5%

13%

.

11%

7%

15%

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Factor related to injuryFactor related to injury

Equipment design

Critical situations during clinicalprocedures

Condition during the procedure

Staff experience

Recapping Disposal

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F

actor related to injuryF

actor related to injury

,,,DTX,medicut,heparin lock

/

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Factor related to injuryFactor related to injury

/

/

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2551

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

/

/

/

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

*

/

/

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2553

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

/

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R

isk of infectionR

isk of infection HIV:

0.3%

HBV: If healthcare worker susceptible(i.e. non-immune)

1% - 6% if the source is HBsAg-positive

22% - 31% if the source is HBsAg- and

HBeAg-positive HCV:

1.8% (range: 0% - 7%)

http://www.cdc.gov

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R

isk for HIV

AloneR

isk for HIV

Alone Percutaneous 0.3%

Needle stick injury

Mucous membrane 0.1%

blood splashed in the eye

Non-intact skin

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Risk of infectionRisk of infection

Low Risk

mucusmembrane

mucusmembrane

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Risk of infectionRisk of infection

High risk

mucus membrane

,

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Interventions to reduce injuryInterventions to reduce injury

Hierarchy of Controls:

Most effective

Elimination of hazards

Engineering Controls

Administrative Controls

Work Practice Controls

Personal Protective Equipment

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Elimination of HazardElimination of Hazard

Use of needle-less IV systems

Removal of sharps and needles

Elimination of unnecessaryinjections

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Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

means controls that isolate or remove thebloodborne pathogens hazard from theworkplace.

Needles that retract, sheathe, or bluntimmediately after use

Sharps container styles

Safer medical devices, such as sharps with

engineered sharps injury protections

Needleless systems

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Examples of Safer Needle DevicesExamples of Safer Needle Devices

Needleless Connector Systems:

Needleless connectors forIVdelivery systems

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Examples of Safer Needle DevicesExamples of Safer Needle Devices

Self-Sheathing Safety Feature:

Sliding needle shields attached todisposable syringes and vacuum

tube holders

Before use

After use

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Examples of Safer Needle DevicesExamples of Safer Needle Devices

Retractable Technology:

Needles or sharps that retract into asyringe, vacuum tube holder or

back into the device.

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Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls

Policies limiting exposure to hazard

Needlestick prevention committee

Consistent training on use of safe devices

Policies implementing Universal(standard) Precautions

a set of effective practices designed toprotect HCW from infection from

bloodborne pathogens, applieduniversally when caring for patientsregardless of diagnosis.

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Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls

No re-capping

Placing sharps containers ateyelevel and at arms reach

Emptying sharps containers beforethey are full

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Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

Barriers and filters between theworker and the hazard

Gloves

Gowns

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References

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hospit

al/hazards/sharps/sharps.html#Needlest

ickInjuries

http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/pdf/sharpsworkbook_2008.pdf

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/

activities/2efficacy.pdf