need for food
DESCRIPTION
Need for Food. SQA questions. Need for food WYSK. row. Animals need food for energy to g______, s_________ and repair damaged cells The three components of food are c_________, f______ and p________ - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Need for Food
SQA questions
Need for food WYSK• Animals need food for energy to g______,
s_________ and repair damaged cells• The three components of food are c_________,
f______ and p________Carbohydrates, fats and proteins all contain the
elements c________, h________ and o________
Proteins in addition have n_______
rowynthesise
arbohydratesats roteins
arbon ydrogenxygen
itrogen
The sub units of carbohydrates are s________ s________ e.g. m________, g________
The sub units of proteins are a_______ a______The sub units of fats are f_______ a_______ and
g________
mino cidsatty cids
lycerol
ugarsimple
altose lucose
A
B
C
D
E
F
protein
carbonhydrogen
oxygenFatty acids
glycerol
• Teeth are used to m__________ b________ our food into smaller pieces
• There are f_____ types of teeth
• I________ – c_____ and b______ food
• C______ – p________, holding and t________
• P________ – c________ and g________
• M_____ – c_________ and g_________
echanically reakdown
our
ncisors utting iting
anines iercing earing
remolars rushing rinding
rushing rindingolars
• Carnivore e.g. d___ – eats a________• Herbivore e.g. s_____ - eats p______• Omnivore e.g. h_____ - eats p______
and a________
og nimals
heep lants
uman lantsnimals
Incisor
Used for biting
CanineUsed for holding & piercing prey
PremolarUsed for crushing bones
MolarUsed for crushing bones
Carnivore e.g. dog – eats animalsCarnassial teeth
Used for slicing and tearing
1
2 3 4
5
Herbivore e.g. sheep - eats plants
Hard Pad
IncisorUsed for biting
Gap –no canines present
Premolar Used for crushing & grinding
Molar Used for crushing & grinding
1
2
34
5
1
At which position would these teeth normally be found in the skulls ?
2 3
The sub units of proteins are a_______ a______The sub units of fats are f_______ a_______ and
g________The sub unit of carbohydrates is g _________
Digestion is the b_________ of large particles of food into s_______ particles to allow a_________ through the w____ of the s______ i_________ and into the b_____
Digestion involves the breakdown of i__________ food substances into s__________ food substances
mino cidsatty cids
lycerol
reakdownmall bsorption
all mall ntestinelood
nsolubleoluble
lucose
S______ is broken down to soluble g_______
Protein is broken down to s________ a______ a____
F__ is b______ down to s_____ f___ a_____ and g_________
tarch lucose
oluble minocids
at roken oluble cidslycerol
atty
Absorption CREDIT
Lining of small intestine
starch
fatty acids
glycerol
protein
amino acids
glucose
blood
fat
oxygen√
√
√ glucose
1 mouth
2 salivary glands
3 gall bladder
4 liver
5 pancreas
6 small intestine
7 oesophagus
8 stomach
9 large intestine
10 rectum11 anus
salivary glands
oesophagus
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
livergall bladder
large intestine
appendix
mouth
salivary glands
oesophagus
stomachpancreas
small intestinelarge intestinerectumanus
appendix
gall bladderliver
stomachliver
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
U: rectum
V : large intestine
W : small intestine
X : stomach
Y : oesophagus
Z : mouth
Digestive juices CREDIT Digestive juice Site of production
saliva salivary glands
gastric juice stomach lining
pancreatic juice pancreas
bile liver
intestinal juice lining of small intestine
CABF
Peristalsis WYSKIn p___________ the
muscles behind the food c__________ to push the food through the digestive system
The c___________ of the stomach m___ the food with e______ to help the c__________ breakdown of food
eristalsis
ontract
ontractions ix
nzymeshemical
contractedrelaxed
left
contractedrelaxedfood
Digestive enzymes WYSK• D________ enzymes are responsible for
the b________ of the components of food – carbohydrates, fats and proteins
Carbohydrates are digested by a_______ enzymes e.g. s________ a________
Proteins are digested by p________ enzymes e.g. p_______
Fats are digested by l_______ enzymes e.g. pancreatic l_______
ifferentreakdown
mylasealivary mylase
roteaseepsin
ipaseipase
Substrates and productsAmylase : s_____ m_______ Pepsin : p______ p________Lipase : f___ f____ a___ and g______
tarch altoserotein eptides
ats atty cidslycerol
fat
fatty acids glycerol
Digestive enzymes CREDIT
Enzymegroup
Enzyme Whereproduced
Substrate Product
amylase salivary amylase
salivary glands
starch maltose
protease pepsin stomach protein peptides
lipase lipase pancreas fats fatty acids + glycerol
Salivary amylase
lipase
To make it a small soluble molecule
Small intestine WYSK
• The small intestine is v___ l___ and its i_____ surface has millions of v____ – to provide a very large s_______ a_____
• The l______ of the villi is very t____ to allow r_____ d________ of digested food into blood
ery ong
nner illiurface rea
ining hinapid iffusion
Villi WYSK
Each villus has1. t____ lining for r_____ diffusion2. b_____ c_________ to absorb and
t________ g_______ and a_____ a_____3. l______ (lymph capillary) to a_______
and t_______ f_____ acids and g_______
hin apidlood apillaries
ransport lucose mino cidsacteal bsorb
ransport atty lycerol
thin lining
blood capillary
lacteal
Gives a large surface area
blood capillarylacteal
blood capillary
Transports fatty acids and glycerol
blood capillary – (transport of) glucose and amino acidsLacteal – (transport of) fatty acifds and glycerol
increases absorption of small soluble molecules
moist lining
thin lining
rapid transport of small soluble molecules
Large intestine WYSK• Undigested food , largely f_____ from the
c________ of p_____ cell walls passes into the l_____ intestine along with a lot of w______
• The main function of the large intestine is to a_____ much of this water. The water passes through the l_____ of the large intestine and into the b______.
• The solid waste called f______ is s_____ in the r______ and passes out of the a___ in a process called e________
ibreellulose lant
argeater
bsorbining
lood
aeces toredectum nus
limination
Experiments - PresentationFor every experiment you need:
to know the input variable.
• The variable you change.
The outcome variable.
• The variable you measure.
• This goes along the x-axis.
• This goes along the y-axis.
x
y
input variableoutcom
e variable
• This is the top row or first column in a table.
• This is the bottom row or last column in a table.
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 1 5 7 5 0
Temperature (°C)
Bubbles (number/s)
10 20 30 40 50
1
0
2
8
3
7
6
4
5
A Bar Chart – separate bars
1. Draw the axes
2. Mark in the labels
3. Mark the x scale4. Mark the y scale
5. Draw the bars
6. If you have time shade in the bars
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 1 5 7 5 0
Temperature (°C)
Bubbles (number/s)
10 20 30 40 50
1
0
2
8
3
7
6
4
5
A Histogram – joined bars
1. Draw the axes
2. Mark in the labels
3. Mark the x scale4. Mark the y scale
5. Draw the bars
6. If you have time shade in the bars
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 1 5 7 5 0
Temperature (°C)
Bubbles (number/s)
1
0
2
8
3
7
6
4
5
A Line graph
10 20 30 40 500
1. Draw the axes
2. Mark in the labels
3. Mark the x scale4. Mark the y scale
5. Draw the points
6. Join the points with straight lines
Averages
1. Find the total number of bubbles
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 4 8 14 4 0
Try this example …
4 + 8 + 14 + 4 + 0
1. Find the total= 30
2. Divide the total by the number of items
There are 5 items in the table
30 5 = 6
Average = 6 bubbles/s3. Don’t forget units in your answer
To find the average number of bubbles …
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 0 2 8 3 2
Answer =: 15 ÷ 5 = 3
Percentages
1. Find the total number of bubbles
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 4 8 16 4 0
What percentage of bubbles are produced at 30ºC?
4 + 8 + 16 + 4 + 0
1. Find the total
= 322. Divide the number of bubbles at 20ºC by the total number
8 32 = 0.25 this is the decimal fraction
0.25 x 100 = 25%
To find the percentage of bubbles at 20ºC …
3. Multiply the decimal fraction by 100 to get the percentage
25% of the bubbles are produced at 20ºC
0.5 x 100 = 50%
16 32 = 0.5 this is the decimal fraction
Percentage increaseTemperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 4 8 12 4 2
What is the percentage decrease in bubbling at 40º C compared to 30ºC?
1. Find the increase in the number of bubbles at 30ºC
12 - 8 = 4
4 ÷ 8 = 0.5
To find the percentage increase in bubbling at 30ºC compared to 20º C…
2. Divide the increase by the original figure for 20ºC
0.5 x 100 = 50% increase
8 12 = 0.67 X 100 = 67%
3. Multiply by 100 to get percentage
Ratios
10ºC : 20ºC4 bubbles : 8
bubbles
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 4 8 14 4 2
1. Write down the ratio of the numbers
To find the simple whole number ratio of bubbles at 10 degrees compared to bubbles at 20 degrees …
2. Find a number that will divide into both numbers to give a whole number – in this case 2
4 bubbles 2 : 8 bubbles 2= 2 bubbles : 4 bubbles
3. Repeat step 2 until you cannot divide again without getting a fraction
2 bubbles 2 : 4 bubbles 2= 1 bubble : 2 bubbles
Ratios
20ºC : 30ºC8 bubbles : 14
bubbles
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 4 8 14 4 2
1. Write down the ratio of the numbers
To find the simple whole number ratio of bubbles at 20 degrees compared to bubbles at 30 degrees …
2. Find a number that will divide into both numbers to give a whole number – in this case 2
8 bubbles 2 : 14 bubbles 2= 4 bubbles : 7 bubbles3. You cannot divide any more without getting a fraction so …
the simple whole number ratio is: 4 : 7
Ratios
20ºC : 30ºC8 bubbles : 14
bubbles
Temperature (°C) 10 20 30 40 50Bubbles (number/s) 4 8 14 4 2
1. Write down the ratio of the numbers
To find the simple whole number ratio of bubbles at 20 degrees compared to bubbles at 30 degrees …
2. Find a number that will divide into both numbers to give a whole number – in this case 2
8 bubbles 2 : 14 bubbles 2= 4 bubbles : 7 bubbles3. You cannot divide any more without getting a fraction so …
the simple whole number ratio is: 4 : 7