necropsy- killer whale kandu v

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The Orca Project Corp 3/11/2012 www.theorcaproject.com Necropsy Report Killer Whale (Orcinus-orca) Kandu V Age 15 yrs — SeaWorld of California Name: Kandu V (female) Species: Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Source: wild capture, 10-12-1977, Ingolfshofdi coast, Iceland, age: est. 3 yrs Deceased: afternoon, 08-21-1989, SeaWorld of California, age: est. 15 yrs Reported cause of death (per NMFS MMIR data): Hemorrhage; Maxillary Bilateral Fracture Necropsy info: Gross Summary- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): 1. Fractures of the maxillae and premaxillae. 2. Laceration of the mucosa of the left nasal passage. Tentative Diagnosis- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): Death due to hypovolemic shock resulting from nasal hemorrhage associated with fractures of the maxillae and premaxillae. Conclusions- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): (after histology & clinical pathology review) A review of clinical pathology and histology findings does not reveal any factors which would have predisposed to the death of this animal. The cause of death remains as stated in the tentative diagnosis. Gross Diagnosis- Kent G. Osborn, DVM (1977) : 1. Death due to hypovolemic shock associated with maxilla and premaxilla complete, comminuted, closed fracture complicated by severe hemorrhage, following trauma by enclosuremate. 2. No signs of infection or other underlying disease. Necropsy Comments- Kent G. Osborn, DVM (1977) : This animal died due to shock associated with the tremendous blood loss that occurred when the upper jaw was severely fractured. Major blood vessels and highly vascular tissue within the jaw were lacerated when the fracture occurred. The site of hemorrhage was inaccessible with regard to the possibility of anyone being able to stop the bleeding, even if the animal could have immediately been handled for possible treatment.

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Necropsy (autopsy) of deceased captive killer whale (Orcinus-orca) Kandu V at SeaWorld, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.

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Page 1: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

The Orca Project Corp 3/11/2012 www.theorcaproject.com

Necropsy Report Killer Whale (Orcinus-orca) Kandu V

Age 15 yrs — SeaWorld of California Name: Kandu V (female) Species: Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Source: wild capture, 10-12-1977, Ingolfshofdi coast, Iceland, age: est. 3 yrs Deceased: afternoon, 08-21-1989, SeaWorld of California, age: est. 15 yrs Reported cause of death (per NMFS MMIR data): Hemorrhage; Maxillary Bilateral Fracture Necropsy info: Gross Summary- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): 1. Fractures of the maxillae and premaxillae. 2. Laceration of the mucosa of the left nasal passage. Tentative Diagnosis- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): Death due to hypovolemic shock resulting from nasal hemorrhage associated with fractures of the maxillae and premaxillae. Conclusions- Jim McBain, DVM (1977): (after histology & clinical pathology review) A review of clinical pathology and histology findings does not reveal any factors which would have predisposed to the death of this animal. The cause of death remains as stated in the tentative diagnosis. Gross Diagnosis- Kent G. Osborn, DVM (1977): 1. Death due to hypovolemic shock associated with maxilla and premaxilla complete, comminuted, closed fracture complicated by severe hemorrhage, following trauma by enclosuremate. 2. No signs of infection or other underlying disease. Necropsy Comments- Kent G. Osborn, DVM (1977): This animal died due to shock associated with the tremendous blood loss that occurred when the upper jaw was severely fractured. Major blood vessels and highly vascular tissue within the jaw were lacerated when the fracture occurred. The site of hemorrhage was inaccessible with regard to the possibility of anyone being able to stop the bleeding, even if the animal could have immediately been handled for possible treatment.

Page 2: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

The Orca Project Corp 3/11/2012 www.theorcaproject.com

Kandu V spouts blood from her blowhole as she slowly bleeds out. More information on the incident can be found here: http://timzimmermann.com/2010/09/14/do-orcas-at-marine-parks-injure-one-another/ Video of the incident: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=pXLx1SgMn7o Additional footage can be seen in the documentary “A Fall from Freedom”: http://vodpod.com/watch/16168786-a-fall-from-freedom-the-untold-story-behind-the-captive-whale-and-dolphin-industry?u=theorcaproject&c=documentaries Notes: Prior to reforms of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) in 1994, holders of marine mammals for public display were required to submit necropsy reports (animal autopsy reports) for deceased animals, making the documents available to the public and scientific community. Presently, marine mammal parks in the U.S. are only required to provide a “cause of death” to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) which maintains Marine Mammal Inventory Reports (MMIR). Details of marine mammal deaths are now a closely guarded secret at U.S. entertainment facilities. The Orca Project acquired the following documents from the National Marine Fisheries Service (U.S.A) via the Freedom of Information Act for deaths that occurred prior to implementation of the 1994 MMPA changes. For more information visit www.theorcaproject.com Necropsy, Autopsy, Veterinarian, NOAA, NMFS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, MMIR, Marine Mammal Inventory Report, MMPA, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Killer Whale, Orca, Shamu, Death, Die, SeaWorld, San Diego, California, Kandu V, Kandu 5

Page 3: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

September 11, 1989

& Dr. Nancy Foster Director, Office of Protected Resources and Habitat Program

National Marine Fisheries Service 1335 East-West Highway, Rm. 8268 Silver Spring, MD 20910

Dear Dr. Foster:

As you know, an accidental death of a female killer whale, known as Kandu, occurred on August 21, 1989, at +Sea World of California. Kandu is the mother of a 12 month old calf who was not involved in the accident.

During an afternoon show, Kandu and another female whale, Corky, were stationed with their trainers in the north back pool. Kandu was signaled by her trainer to swim into the main presentation pool. She turned, as if taking the signal, opened her mouth very wide and struck Corky broadside. The two adult whales made a fast lap of the north back pool. Kandu then swam into the main presentation pool with her calf.

In the main presentation pool, Kandu remained motionless at the surface facing the south back pool through a gate. At this time there was no visible blood or any other physical indication of Kandu's injury. She did nc\t respozc! tc h e r trainers. Kandr?. and h e r ce l f rr.cve6 towards the north back pool meeting'corky as she entered the main presentation pool. Kandu and Corky stirred up white water and swam a fast lap. None of the trainers present believe that the two whales made contact in the main presentation pool during this behavior.

Kandu returned to the north back pool, her calf following, and Corky remained in the main presentation pool. As Kandu returned to the north back pool, she took the first observed breath since the initial impact, exhaling large amounts of blood, alerting the trainers to her injury. The veterinary and animal care staff were immediately notified of the injury. Trainers at the north back pool monitored Kandu while trainers

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Sea World, Inc. 1666 ~onnecticut Ave. NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20009 (202) 387-3947

Page 4: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

Dr. Nancy Foster September 11, 1989 Paqe Two

located at the main presentation pool asked Corky to do several breaches. Some observers construed this activity as a continuation of the show in progress when, in fact, it was a necessary part of assuring the well- being of the whales. With Corky again mindful of a trainer, the show was ended.

The veterinary staff arrived within three to four minutes of the incident and suspected a serious traumatic injury deep within the skull because of the brighr color and volume of blood wnich. suggested arterial bleeding. Still accompanied by her calf, Kandu was directed into a specially designed medical treatment pool. The purpose of her placement in this smaller pool was to diminish her activity as a means of reducing her blood pressure to induce clotting. Sadly, her condition was irreversible. As Kandu began to lapse into unconsciousness the veterinary staff concluded that her calf would be safer if the two returned to one of the larger back pools. Kandu died in a back pocl shortly afterwards, with her calf nearby.

Necropsy results revealed that the conditions peculiar to the impact placed upward and backward pressure 'on Kandu"s upper. jaw, causing fractures of the maxillae (both upper jaw bones). These fractured bones lacerated, large arteries as well as the membrane lining to the nasal passage. Bleeding was rapid, leading to shock and death about 40-45 minutes after the initial impact.

The interaction of the type that resulted in Kandufs injury occur both in captive environments and in the wild. Killer whales live in social groups, usually led by a dominant female. In an erfort to establish and maintain dominance, animals nip or strike others in their group. The usual result of this ritualized interaction is that the subordinate animal indicates its submissiveness and the activity ceases. Teeth scars or ltrakel1 marks are frequently left on the submissive animals. There is abundant photographic evidence of rake marks on wild killer whales caused by such interactions. While the outcome in Kandufs particular case was tragic, the behavior was normal.

In the nearly 25 years Sea World has maintained killer whales, none of these interactions have had . a fatal result. We are unaware of any similar fatalities in other marine zoological parks.

Page 5: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

Dr. Nancy Foster September 11, 1989 Pase Three

Since Sea World was founded, we have recognized above all other things our responsibility to killer whales and other wildlife in our care...not only to provide them with a safe and healthy environment and the highest level of care.. .but also to acknowledge the special trust placed in us by the public. We have never failed to pursue this responsibility to our utmost ability, and will continue to regard this as our paramount obligation.

Sincerely,

P ~ o * ~ Barbara D. Heffer

Director, Government Affairs Sea World, Inc.

Page 6: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

i I - - - + W W I Y Q I a > 1 C C I -- - t 8 3 1

U I C I ~ I

Page 7: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

S E A WORLD G R O S S NECROPSY REPORT

F A C I L I T Y : Sea World of C a l i f o r n i a PROSECTOR: J i m M c B a i n , D.V.M.

G E N U S / S P E C I E S : O r c i n u s orca

I D NUMBER: SWC-00-77 0 6 AGE: a d u l t S E X : f e m a l e

DATE O F DEATH: 8 / 2 1 / 8 9 DATE O F NECROPSY: 8 / 2 . 2 / 8 9

EXTERNAL MORPHOMETRI.CS: ( m e t r i c o n l y )

WEIGHT: 2 0 8 7 kq

TOTAL LENGTH: 5 3 6 c m G I R T H A T A X I L L A : 3 1 4 c m

G I R T H A T ANUS: 2 2 9 c m FLUKE WIDTH: 1 4 2 c m

G I R T H A T U M B I L I C U S : 3 1 4 c m DORSAL F I N H E I G H T : 51 c m

H I S T O R Y : O n t h e a f t e rnoon of A u g u s t 2 1 , 1 9 8 9 , t h i s a n i m a l i n i t i a t e d a n a l t e r c a t i o n w i t h a n o t h e r f e m a l e k i l l e r w h a l e . She b i t t h e o the r f e m a l e over the back j u s t poster ior t o t h e dorsal f i n . A f t e r b i t i n g t h e o the r a n i m a l , she began t o h e m o r r h a g e f r o m t h e b l o w h o l e . T h e h e m o r r h a g e pers is ted f o r 4 5 m i n u t e s u n t i l t h e a n i m a l d ied .

C o d e , i n parentheses, f o r s a m p l e s t a k e n :

C = c u l t u r e ; V = virology; M = m e t a l s ; P = pes t ic ides ; E = e lec t ron m i c r o s c o p e samples

...................................................................... GENERAL EXTERNAL APPEARANCE: ( o r a l c a v i t y , ex te rna l nares , s k i n , eyes) T h e r e i s a cu t aneous a v u l s i o n about 6 c m i n d i a m e t e r on the a n t e r i o r aspect of t h e m a n d i b l e w h i c h i s the r e s u l t of agonal a c t i v i t y j u s t p r io r t o death. T h e r e are no rake ( t oo th ) m a r k s on the s k i n of t h i s a n i m a l .

THORACIC C A V I T Y : ( p l e u r a ) 2 5 0 m l of c l ea r amber f l u i d i s present i n t h e thorax.

U P P E R R E S P I R A T O R Y SYSTEM: ( n a s a l sacs, nares , l a r y n x ) T h e nasa l passages c o n t a i n a large a m o u n t of s a n g u i n o u s f l u i d . A l acera t ion of t h e m u c o s a of the a n t e r i o r aspect of t h e l e f t nasal passage i s present a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 c m v e n t r a l t o t h e dorsa l bony r i m .

Page 8: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

?AGE 2 I.D. NO. mc-00-77 06

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: ( trachea, bronchi, lungs, lymph nodes) Sanguinous f l u i d i s present i n the trachea and bronchi.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: (esophagus, stomach, in t e s t ine , rectum, cecum, lymph nodes)

There i s a moderate amount of p a r t i a l l y digested f i s h present i n the f i rs t / and second gas t r i c compartments.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: ( t e s t i c l e s , ovaries) There is one post pregnancy corpus albicans i n the l e f t ovary. Several cys t i c f o l l i c l e s a re present i n both ovaries.

SKELETAL SYSTEM: There a r e comminuted f r ac tu res of the maxillae and premaxillae. The . f rac ture i s displaced a maximum of 0.5 cm and forms a continuous l i n e transversely across the skull 1 5 cm anter ior t o the nasal passages.

PARASITE SUMMARY : No paras i tes found.

GROSS SUMMARY: 1. ~ r a c t u r e s of the maxillae and premaxillae. .2 . Laceration of the mucosa of the l e f t nasal passage.

TENTATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Death due t o hypovolemic shock resul t ing from nasal hemorrhage associated with f rac tures of the maxillae and pre- maxillae.

CONCLUSIONS: ( a f t e r histology & c l i n i c a l pathology review) A review of c l i n i c a l pathology and histology findings does not reveal any fac to r s which would have predisposed t o the death of t h i s animal. The cause of death remains a s s ta ted i n the ten ta t ive diagnosis.

DATE: /c -3 - &? SIGNED :

Page 9: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

Zoological Pathology Consult Kent G. Osborn, DUN

P.O. Box 151135 San Diego, CA 92115-2646

ZPC # : 69NMX. 06A C1 ien t :Sea Wor ld , I n c . , C / O D r . J i m McBaln. Necr-opsy Date : 8-22-84 Microscopic Exam Date : 9-30-89

I D Spec1es:Dt-clnus o r c a Se>;:Female Common : h i l l e r wha le Age: Adu i t Breed : House :Kandu SW89079

F i n a l Diaqnosek

1. E e a t h due t o hypovolemlc shocC. associated w l t h ma?. l l i d arid p t - e m a > : ~ l l a con p i e t e , comrnlr~clted, c l o s e d f r-ac t c l t - E compi l c a t e d b y sevet e hemorrhage, f o l l o w l n g tr-duma b) enc l o s u t - e ~ ~ a t e .

3 L. u t e r b s ) endometrium, edema, m l n l m a l r ~ f u t t - c p h i ! i i l n f i l t t - a t e .

p r o b s b l y associated w l t h estrogenic i n f l u e n c e .

4. j E j u n a l 1 ymph mode, c h r o n l c 1 n f iarPmstlar, : a s c o c i e t e d ~ l t , ~ ~ p a r a s i t ~ ova c o m p a t l b i ~ w l t h t r e m a t o d e ova. l n c l d e n t a l f i ~ e i r ~ g .

5 . a d t - e ~ a l c o r t e ? . , 1 ~ 1 l l d l y m p h o c y ~ l c i r , f 1 1 t r -a re i ~ c l G e n t a i f l r t d l n o .

Nect-opsv No tes Gene;-al: T h l ~ a r ~ m a l 1 5 l r - I good bodv c o ~ d l t l o r ~ . T ~ E bod,. 1s lrt t - l g o r . There 1s a m i l d s u p e r - f l c l a i scrap^ or, t h e ! e f t c l a e o f t h e mEioo. p r o b a b l y a r s c c l a t e d h i t h p o s t mc~t-tern manipulation c f t h e bodv. The lowet- ] ah has a 6 .0 cm o i a m e t ~ t - sc rape a t ~ t s t l p , ~ e n t t - a l l y , expos l r ig under1 y l n g pet- losteum. No r a n e marks a r e p r e s e n t fir, t h e s b l n . 1 7 7 ' , r o s t r b m t o f iu1.e n z t r h ; bod\ w e i g h t 15

4,600 ] D r .

S l l n : She s b l n 1s sh i r i y . El i lbbet- iaye t - 1s adeqaate 1: amount. The biubbet- 1s f 1 1 - m apd w h l i e . No sc lbcu tar~eobs lesions a r e recognized.

Body Cab l t l e s : No l e s l o n s r e c o o n l i e d 1r1 t h e a t l d ~ c r ~ ~ n .OF

t h o r a x . W l t h l n t h e thor-ax a r e a p p t - o ~ . l m a t e i ) 2 5 C m l o f c lea t - p a l e amber f l u l d . Abdamlnal adipose t l s s a e 1s

Arr,+ivnd p* T+n OroimrJ* \ ~ n ~ n n r ~ * ~ n ~ r r , p ~ r ~ i m p , * ~ r , ~ q

Page 10: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

2 Kandu, SW89079

p r e s e n t l n modera te amount.

E n d o c r i n e : T h y r o l d , No l e s i o n s recognized (NLR) . 600 g m . Parathyroid. n o t found A d r e n a l s , NLR. L e f t = 72.6 gm; R i g h t = 102.0

9m F i t u l t a r y , NLR. 9.0 gm.

C a r d l o v a s c u l at-: Per lcar -d lum, NLR, t r a n s l u c e n t , c o n t a i n s a p p r o x l m a t e l y 3C10 m l o f c l e a r s ~ t - c u c f l u l d . H e a r t , NLR. There 1 s a modera te amount c f c o r o n a r y g r o o v e a d i p o s e . The v e n t r i c 1 e s a r e l n d i a s t o l e , w l t h c l o t t e d d a r k r e d b l o o d i n them. A o r t a , ma lo r v e s s e l s , NLR. No a t h e r o s c l e t - o s i s i s p r e s e n t .

R e s p l r a . t o r y : B low h o l e : P r e s s u r e on t h e b l n w h o l f sphincter 6 1 lows a l a r g e amount o f w a t e r y b l o o d tu come o u t . Pe t - l nasa l sacs , NLR. Nasa l passaqe: A f t e r t h e melon, p e r l n a s a l sacs and b low h o l e s p h l n c t e t - a r e dissected away, a f ~ 1 1 thickness - l a c e r a t i o n can be p a l p a t e d l n t h e l e f t n a s a l passage. 14 crr~ down f rom t h e d o r s a l m a r g l n c f t h e max i1 l a a t t h e b ! o ~ : h o l e a s s o c i a t e d w l t h a c o m p l e t e m a x i l l a r y f r a c t c r e ( s e e S k e l e t o n b e l o w ) . L a r y ~ x . l ~ i R T ~ a c h e a , b r o n c h l . N iF i , c o n t a l r , a s,3a! 1 arnmbfit o f b loc3dy f l u l d . Lunqs, a r e somewhat t u r q l d , m o l s t on c u t s u r f a c e , w l t h b l o o d comlnq ft-om8 t h e srrtal i a l r w a y s and c u t s u r f a c e . L e f t l u n g = 17.74 ~ g , R l g h t l u n g = 21.56 k g .

t-lematoi ympha t l c : Pharynqea! t o n s l l . i n c C n s ~ ; c ~ o ~ s Lymph nooeg. NLR. a x i l l a r ) l y r ~ p h rsccie size 1 s n o r m a l . I t 1 s u n i f o r m l y medlum r e d on c a p s u l a r and c u t s u r f ace. The r r~esente t - l c lymph nudes c s n t a l n m u l t l p l e n o d u l e s , 1.0 crr, l n d i a m e t e r , t -em ln l scen t o f t a p e wcrm nodu l es u s u a l l y p r e s e n t i n t h e p e r l a n a l b l u b b e r . Sp leen , NLR, 1 s f i r m and medlcm r e d , w l t h no lymph follicles a p p a r e n t on c u t s u r f a c e . 4.7E kg .

U r o q e n i t a l : h l d n e y s , NLR. The c a p s u l e s t r l p s w l t h modera te ease. L e f t kidney: 4 .72 kg , R l g h t L l d n e y :

Arc+iw& P: T+m mroip? \nnhn~.*hm~rcpr5roi~c:.coq

Page 11: Necropsy- Killer Whale Kandu V

4 . 8 6 kg . U r l n a r y Bladde-- NLR, m o d e r a t e l v f u l l o f light ye1 l ow c l e a r u r - l ne . O v a r l e s , NLR, one p o s t - p r e g n a n c y c o r p u s a l b l c a n s ( C A ) 1 s p r e s e n t ~ n t h e l e f t o v a r y . There a r e t h r e e c y s t l c f o l l l c l e c ~ n t h e l e f t o v a r y , one s u b s e r o s a l , 2 r a l s e d . The r a l s e d c y s t s a r e 2.5 cm and 1.3 C P l n diameter, respec t l v e l y . Four- c v s t l c f c l l l c l e s a r e p r e s e n t l n t h e r l g h t o v a r y , on€ subse t -osa l an0 t h r e e r a l s e d . The r a l s e d follicles at-e 1.8 cm, 1.0 c and 1.0 crr 1r. d l k n ~ t e r . .- r e s p e c t l v ~ l y. W l t h c a r e f u l e x t e r n a l e x a m l n a t l o ~ ~ o f t h e o v a r l e s , t h r e e p o s s l b l e s l t e s o f non-pregnanc y C A ' s at-e r e c o g n l zed or, t h e l e f t Gvary and two on t h e r l q h t o v a r y . The l e f t o v a r y we lghs 52.0 gm and measures 6.0 x 5.0 x 2.7 cn . The t - l g h t o v a r y w e l g h s 74.2 gm and measures 8.2 x 5 .8 x 3.5 crr. U t e r u s , c e r v l x , v a q l n a , NLE, The u t e r u s 1 s n r - - 5 1 - a v l a . The h o r n s a r e Icng. The enocme t r l um 1s m l l d l y ? - ~ ~ ~ r e n ; l c .

I

C ~ z e s t l v e : Or-a1 cavity, t i , t h e r e is tr~:r~ w a t e r y b l o o d

I

! l n t h e mouth. Esophaqus, NLR Stomach, NLR. The fo res tomact - and q l a n d u l a r s tomach t o g e t h e r c o n t a l n a p p r o x l m a t e l y 25 o r more p o u r ~ d s o f p a r t i a l l y d l q e ~ t e d f l s h . The g l z r ~ a ~ l a r s tomach mucosa 1 s m i : G l h y p e r e m l c . No u l c e r s z r e p r s s e q t . S r ~ a i : l r ~ t e s t l r ~ e sno c o l o n . NLF. C a n t e n t s s r ~ c = r r s i . v - , N i F . S L Z E and cons; s t ~ r ~ c y at-e nor-ma1 . I t 1 5

rr.ed:c;~, :,red l n c c l o r an^ has rr : iCiv ~ l r ~ c l le r : ] S E E ecgec . T ~ E l o b u l a r p o t t ~ r r . i s ~ n c o n c ~ : c u c d s . 4 6 . 6 Lg. P s n c r e s s : r<LK

P ~ ~ s c ~ l o s k e l e t a l : - % u c c ] e : 1 h i 5 a r . l a ~ a l i s vet-y WE.: l C ~ L J C C ~ ~ ~ . T ~ E iTids~ l~ i~

, v e r y dat-i: r e 6 Z I - O N ~ I . NLR. 5I:e;etor1: T n e * - ~ is a c o r , p l ~ t ~ i t -ac t u r e o f t h e l ~ f 'c 27::: r i g h t r r ~ a x i i l a arid p t - e r ~ a x i l l a . w i t : a i!.? cc ~ . e r . t 1 - & 1 d i s p l ac3ment a c r o s s t h e r - o s t r a i s u r f ace . S e ~ . e ~ - e 1 f t-aqrnents. c f bone a r e pr -esent i n t h e pt-emaxi 1 i a . T h i s f t - ac tu t -e i s e v i d e n t w i t h i n t h e l e f t n a s a l bassage as we1 1, 1 a c e r a t i r ; g t h e mucosa! sc : - face a p p r o ? i r na te l ) , 14 c r d i s t a l t o t h e d c r s a i - c a u d a i rnacc in o f t h e f r ~ a x i l i d . T ~ E f r a c tu t -e e>:tenCc f rcm s i d e - t 3 - s i d e ac?-05.5 t h e e. ' ; t i re j aw .

r Net-vcus:

B r a i n : PGLR. 5 . 4 2 kg. D r q ~ n s o f S p e c i z l S E ~ ~ E :

Eyes: NLR. The p u p l l s , a r e s y r n ~ e t t - i c a l . . /Jrc+iw& p: T + ~ Try_? mroip?

\nnhn~.~hn~rcparoi~r,~. COT 1 I !

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Kandu, SWB9079

Gross D i a q n o s i s 1. Death due t o hypovo lemic shock a s s o c i a t e d w l t h m a x i l l a and p r e m a x i l l a comp le te , comminuted, c l o s e d f r a c t u r e i o m p l l c a t e d hy s e v e r e hemorrhage, f o l l o w i n g trauma by enc losu remate . 2. No s i g n s o f l n f e c t l o n o r o t h e r underlying d i s e a s e .

Nec r o p s y Comments T h l s an ima l d l e d due t o shocC a S s D i l S t f d w l t h t h e tremendous

b l o o d l o s s t h a t occur-red when t h e upper- jaw was s e v e r e l y f I-actur-ed. Pla-lor b l o o d b e s s e l s and h l g h l y v a s c u l a r t l s s u e w l t h l n t h e jaw w e t - ~ . l a c e r a t e d when t h e f rac ' tu : -e occurr -ed. T h g s i t e c f he;ri~;-t-hage was l n a c c e s s l b l e w l t h r e g a r d t o t h e p o s s i b l l l t \ , o f anyone be l r ig a b l e t o s t o p t h e bleeding, even if t h e a n l m a l c o ~ l d have immediately been hand led f o r p o s s i b l e t r e a t m e n t .

P I I C R O S C O P I C EXPM NOTES

M l c r n s c o p l c Summary ( s l l d e number I n p a r e n t h e s e s ) The f o l l o w l n g t l s s u e s wet-e examlned mlc r -oscop lca l l y and found

t o be essentially normal : lumbar s p l n a l c o r d (I,?), t ho r -ac l c s p l n a l c o r d ( 3 ) , l n t r a v e r t e b r a l r e t e l a m l r a b l l l a ( r e t f s p l n a l e ! , t h y r o l d ( 6 1 , a d r e n a l s ( 6 , 7 ) , p l t u l t a r y ( 7 ) , ur- lnar-y bladder- ( 1 8 ) . pancr-eac ( 20, 24 1 , f u n d l c 5 tomac h ( 23 1 , py 1 or- lc stomach (23 j , ouoaenum ( 24 ) , c o l o n ( 2 5 ) , s m a l l l n t e s t l n e (261 , mammary g l a n d (311, c l . ln and b iubbet- ( 3 2 ) .

L e s i o n s a n d / o r n o t a b l e m l c r o s c o p l i morpholggy at-e p r e s e n t 1r1

t h e f o l l o w l n ~ t l s s u e s : I

a d r - e ~ a l ( 6 , T ) : The!-e at-E s c a t t e l - e c l o o s e . m i i l ' l n f l! t r a t e s o f 1 ymphmcytes l n t t , e d e e ~ a d t - ~ n a l cat- tek s r , ~ m e c i u i 1 a .

Ds: a d r e a a i c c r t e x , m 1 l d l v m ~ " o c \ t l ; l r ~ f i l t ! - ; t ~ c o m a e n t : cause arid 5 1 0 r t i f i z ; ~ , ; ~ C? t h l ~ ~ n f 11 t t - a t e 1s n a t apaaw-ent. Eased s n t h e anlma: c c l l n l c a l s t a t e . ~t 1 s an i r i ~ l d e r ~ t a i f l n d l n g .

. pt-escapulat- l y m ~ h node (51 : NiF. Tho C E ! l u l a ! - l t y i s goo'd . There 1s a m i l d f ~ l l i c u l a r r e a c t i c - , w l t h 1 - e l a t i v e l y inap'p;?t-ent f 01 1 i i i l l s r - c e n t e r s i n t h e t - ~ s c t i v e f o l lit I p s . I ' l ~ s t f c l l i i i e s at-E ~ C : ' ; - - ~ Z C ~ ~ V E .

sp lee r ! ( 9 ) : NLR. As r 4 i t h t h e gt - fscapular- i y m p h , r I ~ ; c l ~ .

j e j u a a l lymph node (10 , 1 1 ) : I n b z t h s s c t i o n s t h e r e i: f i b t - a s i s and i n f l a m m a t i o n a s s i ~ c i a t e d w i t h 1st-ge ;~;!-!.r.be:-s o f pigrr~:ented eggs.. The eggs b!a\:e ar! nper-cuiuir! a t o>e p o l e and, a t h i c k l::ncib on t h e s t h e r . The i ~ f lammatct-.:; i n f i 1 t : - a t e i n c 1 ~ d e s r ~ e a . t t - ~ p h i is, ! y m p h + ,sL ). . t e s and - ~ i r a s m a ce! i s . These eggs may be i n medul la ! -y- s l n u s e s o f t i l e

Arr,+iwne F: ' +n cry_? nroiee \ f ln f ln f l~ . *%~9r~F3ro i~P, : .

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lymph nodes. Dr: j e j u n a l 1 ymph node, c ht -onlc ~ n f lammat lon, associated w i t h p a r a s i t e ova compatible w l t h t rematode ova, incidental f i n d l n g .

l u n q ( 1 2 , 13, 1 4 j : The major f ea tu r -e 1~ t h ~ s ~ s ~ c t l o n c 1 s a moderate, p a t c h y d l s t r l b u t l o n o f b l o o d w l t h l n a l r w a y s and a l v e o l l . The spec t rum o f involvement ranges f rom no b l o o d I n sclme a r e a s t o e t - la t -ge amounts o f b l o o d I n o t h e r s . S e c t l o n 12 has relatively l l t t l e b l o o d . No l n f l a m m a t l o n 1s p r e s e n t . BI-or~c h l o l e assc~c l a t e d l y n i p t ~ o l d t l s s u e 1s m l l d l y aLpare r l t , w l t h no r e a c t l v e follicles.

t h o r a c i c lvr r~ph node ( 1 5 ) : .NLR. The c e l l u l a r i t y i s good. There 1s no o r m in ima l f o l l i c u l a r r e a c t i o n .

L l d n e y 1 6 : There 1 s some v a r l a b l e ( m l n l m a l t o modera te ) t h l c b e n l n g o f t h e basement membrane o f Bowman s c a p s u l e l n moderate numbers o f t h e glomeruli. O c c a s l o n a i g l o m e r u l a r adhesions a r e pr-esent , and occasional p a t - l e t a l e p l t h e 1 l a 1 h y p e r t r o p h y 1s pt-esent l n sca t te r -ed g lo rne ru l1 .

D x : k i d.ne); , m i n i m a 3 , / m i 115 m e m b r a n o u s g l o m e r u l o n e p h r i t i s , i r t c i d e n t a l f i n d i n g .

u t e r u s ( 1 7 ) : The u t e r i n e s t r a t u m spongicsclrn i s edematous, w i t h p a t c h y vasce la t - d i l a t a t i o n . M i l d / m i n i m a l n e u t r c p h i l i n f i l t r a t i o n i s pr-esent i n t h e i s m i c a pr-zpt- ia 2nd i n scat ter -ec i g landu la r - lurner~s. Pic l u m i n a : e p i t h e l i u m I s p r e s e n t i r ! t h e s e s e c t i o n s . The g lanc iu la r e p i t h ~ i i i l n ~ is t a l l co lumnar t y p f .

I):< : uter-us., endometr-ium? ede~?!a, m i c i m a i r iedt r-opbii 1 i c i n f i 1 t t - a t € , p r o b a b l y ac.soc i a t e d i.:iti-i es i r -og 'enic i n f l u e n c e .

comment: T h i s an ima l may have been i n e s t r o u s : based on t h e e n d o m e t r i a l a p p f a t - a n c ~ .

i i v e r 1 : I ~ i l c i / i n o d e r a t e c e n t t - i 1obd1ar - c o r ! ~ e s i i c ! r , i c . p r e s e n t . H e p a t i c p l a t e s and h e p a t o c v t f s a - e r tc~rmal . esophaque, (21): T h i s s e c t i o n o f esophagus i n c l u d e s b o t h mucosal and submucosal 1 yrriphaid t ' l ksue t h a t i ~ . r e m i n i s c e n t o f t o n s i l l a r t i s s u e . The :\jir:phoid p c p u i a t i ~ r i i r. nor-ma1 ., N i R .

f o r e s t o m a c h ( 2 2 ) : A s w i t h t h e esophagus sec t l o r t , t h e r e 1 s an e x t e n s i v e mucosal l ympho ld i n f l l t t - a t € . Many r ~ f t h e s e c e l l s a r e plasma c e l l s . NLR.

h e a r t , p a p i l l a r y musc le ( 2 7 ; , l e f t 1V s e p t ~ t ~ , and s e m i l u n a r v a l v e (28 ,291, r l o h t s l d e o f I V s e p t a ~ under

f ,rc ~ i w n e p: Try_? Trpnf

\ ~ n ~ n ~ r . * % ~ ~ r y _ ~ ~ r ~ i ~ ~ , : . r , ~ q

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pu lmonary o u t f l o w ( 3 0 ) : There i s moderate v a r l e t i o n i n m y o c a r d i a l f i b e r n u c l e a r s i z e , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the ' l e f t v e n t r i c u l a r s e c t i o n s .

F l n a l Comment ,

The cause o f d e a t h rema lns a s deter-mlned a t t h e t l m ~ o f n e c r o p s y . There a r e a few l n c l d e n t a l f l n d l n g s , b u t t h e s e a r e n o t s l g n l f l c a n t enough t o have caused any c l l n l c a l l y apparen t pr-otrlems. The r e n a l changes a r e p r o b a b l y age r e l a t e d . T h~ t r-ema t o d ~ - t ; p ~ a. a l n t h e j e j u n a l lymph node a r e an l n t e r - e s t l n g f l n d l n g . 1 w l l l have t o do some r-efer-ence c h e c k l n q t o see what s p e c l e s o f p a r a s l t e t h l s m l g h t be. There a r e no 51gns o f t h e a d ~ l t war-,TIC. The a d r e n a l changes ar-E. s u b t l e . Changes l n t h e er~dometr- lum a r e s u g g e c , t l ~ e o f e s t r u s . W lc roscop lc e k a l u a t l o n o f t h e br-a ln h ~ l 1 f o l l o w I n an 3 T t ~ r - 1 trs ,~ tes7i a t b l ~ t a c u t t h e b r - a l r ~ l t - I w l t h LIT-. Sar, Ridgway and h i s s t a f f ' .

' kent k.. Osborn, DV )]Y i