nd international conference of analytical sciences ... program book.pdf · zakira imana abu mansor...
TRANSCRIPT
ABSTRACT BOOK
THE 32nd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
SIMPOSIUM KIMIA ANALISIS MALAYSIA (SKAM32)
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability
Copyright
Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology
2019
Published in Malaysia by
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology, Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, MALAYSIA
Tel: 06 5512000 Fax: 06 5512001
2
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
PREFACE
The 32nd International Conference of Analytical Sciences 2019, also known as Simposium Kimia
Analisis Malaysia ke-32 (SKAM32) witnesses the full commitment of Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL
MICET) jointly organized with Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS) in providing
a premier platform for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss their views on recent
research and application in related area of analytical science and chemistry. The central theme
of the conference is “Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability” is
intended to provide an opportunity for networking and sharing of ideas that can be serve to
enhance collaboration across universities, research institutions, government, industry and
experts both local and international. This 32nd edition comprises of local and international expert
keynote speakers, invited lectures, with over 180 presenters are involved in making this
conference a success. All papers presented are analytical sciences and chemistry-related,
specifically on Advanced Materials, Environmental Chemistry, Synthesis Chemistry,
Bioanalysis, and Separation Chemistry. The organizing committee of SKAM32 sincerely hopes
that this conference provides all involved with interesting and multidimensional perspectives
and relevant information, which proves useful for your professional and personal use. Finally,
we do hope that SKAM32 opens up new opportunities and the path towards further development
within IR4.0 in addition to general significant contributions to the fields.
3
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
PREFACE 2
CONTENTS 3
INTRODUCTION 17
FOREWORD
1. Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su'ud
President/CEO
Universiti Kuala Lumpur
21
2. Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
President
Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
22
3. Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar
Dean/Head of Campus
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)
23
4. Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe
Conference Chairperson of SKAM-32/2019
24
PROGRAM ITINERARY 25
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
1. Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 – CHALLENGES IN MEETING THE
REQUIRED STI HUMAN CAPITAL
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
28
2. Professor Dr Adrian Evan Flood
TEMPERATURE-CYCLE INDUCED DERACEMIZATION FOR OBTAINING
OPTICALLY PURE PRODUCTS
Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Thailand
29
INVITED SPEAKER
1. Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, UPM
EMBRACING ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENZYME IMMOBILISATION
AND DRUG NANODELIVERY
30
2. Professor Dr Norhayati Mohd Tahir, UMT
USE OF BIOMARKERS TO ELUCIDATE SOURCES OF PAH IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
31
3. Professor Dr Zainab Ngaini, UNIMAS
SHINE THE SCAFFOLDS LIKE A DIAMOND: A CHALLENGE TOWARDS
IR 4.0
32
4. Professor Dr Muhammad Mukram Mohamed Mackeen, UKM
ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES VIA PROTEOMIC AND GLYCOMIC
APPROACHES
33
4
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
5. Professor Dr Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, UTM
SPOROPOLLENIN-BASED COMPOSITES AS ENVIRONMENTALLY
BENIGN ALTERNATIVE SORBENT FOR DETERMINATION OF SELECTED
DRUGS FROM WATER SAMPLES
34
6. Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe, UniKL
ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM: A PROMISING AND SIMPLE TOOL FOR
SYNTHESIZING METAL CATALYST WITH TAILORED SIZE,
MORPHOLOGY, AND CRYSTAL PHASES
35
7. Associate Professor Dr Gaanty Pragas Maniam, UMP
THE ACTUAL IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE
ENVIRONMENT
36
8. Associate Professor Dr Juliana Jumal, USIM
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER SCREENING ACTIVITY OF 6-
HYDROXY-4-METHYL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AND THEIR
COMPLEXES
37
9. Associate Professor Dr Zainiharyati Mohd Zain, UiTM
MAKING SENSE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR IN BIOANALYSIS 38
10. Associate Professor Dr Sharifah Mohamad, UM
EDIBLE NATURAL PRODUCTS: A PROMISING MATERIALS FOR
ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS
39
ABSTRACT – ORAL
THEME: ADVANCED MATERIALS
ADV01 DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS POTENTIAL ELECTROLYTES FOR
REDOX FLOW BATTERY Sharifah Nurain Syed Nasir, Nadiah Sidek, M.F.Z. Kadir and Ninie S. A. Manan
40
ADV02 SURFACTANT-BOUND Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES AS CATALYST
SUPPORT: SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Hassanain Hafiz Mohd Asnan, Siti Kamilah Che Soh, Wan Fatihah Khairunisa Wan Nor,
Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini, Uwaisulqarni M. Osman, Mohd Hasmizam
Razali and Mustaffa Shamsuddin
41
ADV03 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL FREE OXYGEN-
DOPED MESOPOROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE AS A
POTENTIAL PHOTOCATALYST UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT
IRRADIATION Shittu Fatimah Bukola, Anwar Iqbal, Farook Adam and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
42
ADV04 THE EFFECT OF ANALYTICAL ACCELERATED AGING ON
POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) CONTAINING GYNOSTEMMA
PENTAPHYLLUM EXTRACT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH UV
RESISTANCE Rahimi M. Yusop, Raghda Alsayed, Hadeel Adil, Dina S. Ahmed and Emad Yousif
43
ADV05 PARAMETER INFLUENCES ON GELATION PROCESS OF SILICA
SOL-GEL AND SILICA SOL-GEL/KENAF Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof, Zulhafiz Tajudin, Ong Siew Kooi and Azanam Shah Hashim
44
ADV06 ADSORPTION ISOTHERM AND KINETIC STUDIES OF BIS(2-
ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE-IMPRINTED POLYMER VIA BULK
POLYMERIZATION Noor Fadilah Yusof, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah
45
5
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADV07 DETERMINATION OF PERFECT OPERATION CONDITION FOR
GLYCEROL OXIDATION USING PdAu/VGCNF ELECTROCATALYST
FOR DIRECT GLYCEROL FUEL CELL Norilhamiah Yahya and Nabila A. Karim
46
ADV08 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA-SILVER CORE-
SHELL NANOPARTICLES AND ITS POTENTIAL IN CATALYTIC
DEGRADATION OF METHYL ORANGE DYE Alyza A. Azmi, Nur Kamilah Mohd and W.M.A.W.M. Khalek
47
ADV09 KINETIC STUDIES OF BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE
COOKING OIL USING HYDROTALCITE CATALYST Mohamed Afiq Mohamed Moffit, Mohd Razealy Anuar
48
ADV10 PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMI-REFINED
CARRAGEENAN REINFORCED WITH CELLULOSE NANOFIBER
INCORPORATED WITH Α-TOCOPHEROL AS AN ACTIVE FOOD
PACKAGING
Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya, Raja Nurliyana Raja Ahmad, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman,
Ahmad Salihin Bin Samsudin and Wan Faizal Wan Ishak
49
ADV11 PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT AMINE - BASED FUNCTIONALISED
SILICA/OPBI NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR HIGH
TEMPERATURE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) Amir Aiman Tahrim and Indok Nurul Hasyimah Mohd Amin
50
ADV12 CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED
GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROANALYSIS OF CHIRAL
TYROSINE Zakira Imana Abu Mansor and Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi
51
ADV13 X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
OF SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES BASED ON
MALTODEXTRINMETHYLCELLULOSE BLEND DOPED WITH
AMMONIUM BROMIDE Ahmad Syafiq Fauzan Mohd Asnawi, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Abdul Kadir and Yuhanees
Mohamed Yusof
52
ADV14 CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROGENERATED Ni-Pb SUPPORTED
ON CALCIUM OXIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE COCKLE SHELL Faridah Ghafar, Norzahir Sapawe, Mohd Amin Alikasturi and Nor Azmmi Masripan
53
ADV15 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREPARATION METHODS OF
CALCIUM BASED CHROMIUM OXIDES CATALYST FOR
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF REFINED COOKING OIL Susilawati Toemen, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid, Wan Nur Aini
Wan Mokhtar and Juan Matmin
54
ADV16 EFFECT OF TEOS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SILICA-COATED IRON
OXIDE NANOPARTICLES Nurul Izza Taib, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri, Famiza Abd Latif and Zakiah Mohamed
55
ADV17 ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION OF CHIRAL ASPARTIC
ACID BY USING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS-FUNCTIONALIZED
AMINO ACID FROM L-PROLINE/GOLD NANORODS ON SCREEN
PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE Nurul Hidayah Mustaffar Kamal, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi and Lim Hong Ngee
56
ADV18 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ACID CATALYST SUPPORTS TOWARDS
GLUCOSE HYDROLYSIS Puteri Nurain Syahirah Megat Muhammad Kamal, Amin Safwan Alikasturi, Nur Izwani
Jimat, Muhammad Aizuddin Aminuddin Suharto, Nur Izzati Mohamad and Magdalyn
Empina Serit
57
6
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADV19 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Mohd Muzamir Mahat
58
ADV20 BIMETALLIC OXIDE Fe/Mn/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR DEEP OXIDATIVE
DESULFURIZATION OF MODEL DIESEL OIL Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar, Wan Azalee Wan Abu Bakar and Wan Nazwanie Wan
Abdullah
59
THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
ENV01 APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION COUPLED
WITH DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
VEGETABLES Chai Mee Kin, Tan Yeong Hwang and Wong Ling Shing
60
ENV02 COMPARISON STUDY FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL AND PILOT
PLANT WASTE OVER Ni/CaO CATALYST Nurul Shahira Anuar, Mohd Nor Irham Nor Azan, Amin Safwan Alikasturi and Nor
Shahirah Mohd Nasir
61
ENV03 DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE
METALS IN LAKE KENYIR, MALAYSIA Suhaimi Suratman, Fatin Adlina Md Nasir and Tan Hock Seng
62
ENV04 TREATMENT OF POND FROM ABANDONED LANDFILL VIA
ELECTROCOAGULATION Norhafezah Kasmuri, Dian Khairunnisa Muhammad Amin and Nurazwa Adnan
63
ENV05 TOWNWATER FOOTPRINT FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
ADDRESING IMPACT-ORIENTED APPROACH METHOD Masitah Alias, Ahmad Rosly Abbas, Nuriffika Ruslan and Ammar Harith Ahmad Amer
64
ENV06 EVALUATION OF TETREMETHYLAMMONIUM ACETATE AS
CORROSION SUPPRESSOR FOR FLOW ASSURANCE APPLICATIONS Ali Qasim, Muhammad Saad Khan, Bhajan Lal and Mokhtar Che Ismail
65
ENV07 EFFECT OF REACTION PARAMETERS (TEMPERATURE, TIME AND
SOLID LOADING) ON LIGNIN FROM OIL PALM FROND (OPF) UNDER
SUBCRITICAL PHENOL CONDITIONS AS A PRECURSOR FOR
CARBON FIBER PRODUCTION Khalidatul Athirah Khalid, Asimi Ana Ahmad and Tau Len-Kelly Yong
66
ENV08 HEAVY METALS LEVEL IN BAMBOO SHARKS (Chiloscyllium sp.) IN
STRAITS OF MALACCA MALAYSIA Poong Jun Han, Tee Lian Sheng, Tan Evonne, Yip Tiam Hing, Muhammad Hasbi Ramli,
Abd Rahman Ali Hassan, Ahmad Ali, Chen Meng Hsien, James Lam Chung Wah and Ong
Meng Chuan
67
ENV09 IMPACTS OF CITRIC ACID ON PHYTOEXTRACTION OF ZINC (Zn)
USING SORGHUM BICOLOR L.M PLANTS Hamza Badamasi and Muhammad Saminu Dagari
68
ENV10 MICROBIAL PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACID (PLFA) ASSOCIATED WITH
CADAVER DECOMPOSITION AT LATE DECAY STAGE: A BURIAL IN
NAMI SERIES SOIL OF BUKIT KOR Siti Sofo Ismail, Syazwani Ainaa Aling and Nik Mohd Shin
69
ENV11 DEACIDIFICATION OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS FROM PETROLEUM
CRUDE OILS USING 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH THE AID OF Ni/Ce
and Cu/Ce CATALYST Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi
70
7
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ENV12 MULTICLASS EMERGING ORGANIC POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED
RISK IN THE KLANG RIVER ESTUARY, MALAYSIA Tuan Fauzan Tuan Omar, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Fatimah Md. Yusoff and Shuhaimi Mustafa
71
ENV13 KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES FOR THE ADSORPTION
OF CHRYSENE ONTO MIL-88(Fe) AND NH2-MIL-88 METAL-ORGANIC
FRAMEWORKS Zakariyya Uba Zango and Bahruddin Saad
72
ENV14 REMOVAL OF DYE USING THE NANO-CRYSTALLINE
HYDROXYAPATITE FROM FOOD WASTE Mohamed Imran Shah Mohd Shah, Elyzar Abdul Aziz and Sabrina Karim
73
ENV15 RECYCLING OF SPENT GARNET BY WASHING WITH ORGANIC ACID Amelia Md Som
74
ENV16 PERFORMANCE OF SIMULTANEOUS PERSULFATE AND FERROUS
SULPHATE OXIDATION FOR LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT Salem S. Abu Amr, Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi, Mohammed J.K. Bashir and Tamer M. Alslaibi
75
ENV17 TURBIDITY EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED BAUXITE IN EMBRYONIC
STAGE OF CLIMBING PERCH, ANABAS TESTUDINEUS AFTER POST
FERTILIZATION Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff
76
ENV18 REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MAGNETIC
KAOLINITE-IRON OXIDE COMPOSITE Izzan Salwana Izman, Siti Nor Atika Baharin and Ruhaida Rusmin
77
ENV19 SIZE-DEPENDENT ABUNDANCE AND COMPOSITION OF DISSOLVED
ORGANIC MATTER (DOM) IN PEAT SWAMP SOIL FROM RAJA MUSA
PEAT SWAMP FOREST Noor Fazreen Dzulkafli, Noor Atikah Sahadan, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad and Ainilhawa Sazali
78
ENV20 GREEN SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM
Blumea Balsamifera LINN. LEAVES AND ITS BIOCIDAL ACTIVITIES
AGAINST Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL) Danila S. Paragas, Kathlia DC. Cruz and Elaida R. Fiegalan
79
ENV21 INVESTIGATION OF GLYCEROL AS CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR
FLOW ASSURANCE IN GAS PIPELINES Belkhir Walid, Yoann Madec, Vinayagam Sivabalan and Bhajan Lal Rahanu
80
ENV22 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL VIA Ni-
DOPED ONTO CALCINED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST Haniza Kahar, Muhammad Farid Fitri Kamaronzaman, Norzahir Sapawe and
Nazatulshima Hassan
81
ENV23 METALS CONCENTRATION IN FRESH AND DRIED ANCHOVY
(Encrasicholina Devisi) FROM KUALA TERENGGANU COASTAL WATER,
MALAYSIA Nik Mohmmad Azmi Nik Nurasyikin and Mohd Yusoff Nurulnadia
82
ENV24 INVESTIGATION OF TORREFACTION PROCESS PARAMETERS AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF TORREFIED EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES Mohamad Azri Sukiran, Nasrin Abu Bakar, Faisal Abnisa, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,
Astimar Abdul Aziz and Soh Kheang Loh
83
ENV25 STABILIZATION OF PEAT SOIL USING MAGNESIA OXIDE – A
PRELIMINARY STUDY Lily Suhaila Yacob and Amelia Md Som
84
ENV26 TOXICITY STUDIES OF OXIDIZED PRODUCT OF 17α
ETHINYLESTRADIOL (EE2) WHEN UNDERGO OXIDATION WITH
CATALYTIC POLYMER-CLAY FILMS Nur Khairunnisa Nazri, Nabilah Ismail and Fatimah Hashim
85
8
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ENV27 SYNTHESIS OF NICKEL SUPPORTED ONTO CALCINED COCKLE
SHELL CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Aiman Nazmi Rosli, Muhd Hasyir Mirza Dazriman and Norzahir Sapawe
86
ENV28 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIO OIL DERIVED FROM
CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS Noor Afiqah Mohd, Siti Nurul Atikah Abdul Halim and Afifah Abd. Rahim
87
ENV29 CHEMOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT FOR COBALT ION RECOGNITION
USING 2-ACETYLPYRAZINE THIOSEMICARBAZONE:
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH Hakimah Ismail, Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad and Erna Normaya Abdullah
88
ENV30 CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES OF RAW
WASTE TYRE THROUGH PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE AND THERMAL
ANALYSIS FOR FUEL PRODUCTION Dzuhairy Ab. Taleb, Muzafar Zulkifli, Raja Razuan Raja Deris, Hamidah Abd Hamid and
Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
89
ENV31 WASTE GLASS BASED CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF
BIODIESEL Tanussha Tamil Selvan and Tan Yen Ping
90
ENV32 EXTRACTION OF 4-OCTYLPHENOL AND 4-NONYLPHENOL FROM
RIVER WATER USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Mohd Zahid Baharom, Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Wan Mohd Afiq
Wan Mohd Khalik
91
ENV33 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID REMOVAL OF PALM OIL MILL
EFFLUENT (POME) VIA OPTIMIZATION OF MODIFIED
ELECTROCOAGULATION Rusmawarni Ramli and Mohammad Fadhil Alias
92
THEME: SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY
SYN01 SYNTHESIS OF DITHIOCARBAZATE TRANSITION METAL SCHIFF
BASE COMPLEXES AND ITS CATALYTIC STUDY OF CYCLOHEXANE
OXIDATION Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir, Ali Ahmed Alshaheri, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul
Rahman and Thahira Begum
93
SYN02 DIRECT CARBOXYLATION OF CRUDE GLYCEROL OVER
LANTHANUM OXIDE AND IMPACT OF IMPURITIES Nurul Ashraf Razali, Marco Conte and James McGregor
94
SYN03 OPTIMIZATION OF MONTMORILLONITE K10 ION-EXCHANGE WITH
Fe3+ FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Syahirah Yahya and Farah Wahida Harun
95
SYN04 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 7-HYDROXYCOUMARIN
CONTAINING NEW TYPE OF PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS AND
INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES Aminu Dauda
96
SYN05 ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF 4-NITROPHENYLPALMITATE BY
CANDIDA RUGOSA LIPASE ENCAPSULATED WITHIN ZIF-8 Noor Fazrieyana Hamidon, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir, Muhammad Alif Mohamad
Latif, Emilia Abdulmalek and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
97
9
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
SYN06 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDATIVE
EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SELECTED CURCUMA SPECIES Noor Izzatie Munira Kamaruddin, Nor Azah Mohd Ali, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin and Muhd
Fauzi Safian
98
SYN07 ENHANCEMENT OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTED CORE-SHELL
MICROSPHERE RESPONSE TO VANILLIN BY DELAYED
TERPOLYMERIZATION Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof, Takaomi Kobayashi and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
99
SYN08 EFFECT OF THERMAL PRO-OXIDANT AND CARBON BLACK
SUBSTITUTION ON PHOTO-THERMAL DEGRADATION OF
LDPE/BIOCHAR COMPOSITES Khaliesah Abbas, Muhammad Aiman Sukri, Raja Nazrul Hakim Raja Nazri, Siew Kooi Ong,
Soh Kheang Loh and Robert Thomas Bachmann
100
SYN09 ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF AQUOUES
INFUSION AND JUICING OF BENTONG GINGER T.A Faiz T. Anuar, Fiona How Ni Foong and Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir
101
SYN10 IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND
FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PSEUDOBULB
OF DENDROBIUM CRUMENATUM SWARTZ Siti Aisyah Mohamed Diah, Nur Hidayah Abd Razak, Nabilah Ismail, Nurhayati Yusuf,
Nurul Aliaa Idris, Razifah Mohd Razali, Zamzahaila Mohd Zain and Nurul Ulfah Karim
102
SYN11 CHEMICALLY MODIFIED BENTONITE EFFECT THE PREPARATION
AND PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE-BASED COMPOSITES C.H.N. Faizah, M.N.A. Nazira, R.N. Hakim and L. Yusriah
103
SYN12 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF
3,5-DISUBSTITUTED THIADIAZINE DERIVATIVES Dayang Fatin Nadhirah binti Abang Sapani and Fiona How Ni Foong
104
THEME: BIOANALYSIS
BIO01 IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR AND DATA VALIDATION OF
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN KACIP FATIMAH AS HERBAL PRODUCTS
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN MARKETS Noorazwani Zainol, Nazurah Mohd Azman, Mohd Eeyad Arief Mohd Nor Asri and Harisun
Yaakob
105
BIO02 SCREENING OF NATURAL COLOURS FROM VARIOUS NATURAL
RESOURCES AS A POTENTIAL OF RE-USEABLE VISUAL INDICATOR Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim, Nurdiyana Husin, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor, Ismail Fitry
Mohammad Rashedi and Zaida Rahayu Yet
106
BIO03 PHYSICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF
FUNCTIONAL PH PROBE PVC MEMBRANE FOR DETERMINATION
OF TOTAL ALKALINITY Azrilawani Ahmad, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Hafiza Mohamed Zuki
107
BIO04 PRELIMINARY STUDY IN DISCOVERING 2-GERANYLPHENOL FROM
LANSIUM DOMESTICUM LEAVES AS OXIDATION AND TYROSINASE
INHIBITOR FOR ANTI-AGING AND SKIN WHITENING AGENTS:
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY Nur Diana Abdul Razak, Erna Normaya Abdullah, Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah,
Kamaruzzaman Yunus and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
108
10
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
BIO05 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ATLANTIC MACKEREL (SCOMBER
SCOMBRUS SP) AND MIXED FISH PROCESSING WASTE STREAMS
BY LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITION AND RADICAL SCAVENGING
ACTIVITY Nor Raihana Mohamed Zam
109
BIO06 FATTY ACID PROFILING OF EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES, GERRES
FILAMENTOSUS AND LATES CALCARIFER FROM THE ESTUARY OF
TERENGGANU, EAST COAST PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-FLAME IONIZATION Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Chan Yu Bin, Ng Yih Ning, Kwan Yee Sang, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim and
Loh Saw Hong
110
BIO07 VARIABILITY OF THE FLAVONOID METABOLITES IN CARICA
PAPAYA LEAVES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY AND MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS Norazlan Mohmad Misnan, Low Kah Hin, Adlin Afzan, Mohd Isa Wasiman and Ami Fazlin
Syed Mohamed
111
BIO08 DEVELOPMENT OF ACETOBACTER XYLINUM GROWTH PROFILE
METHOD VIA TOTAL PROTEIN ANALYSIS Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah, Jessica Harriette Supang John and Mohd Azizan Mohd
Noor
112
BIO09 ANTIOXIDANT AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
BY Euphorbia hirta (ARA TANAH)
Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny, Thum Carmen, Mohd Hishamuddin Che Mat, Ahmad Azudin
Nordin and Azalina Mohamed Nasir
113
BIO10 DEVELOPMENT OF α-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-
ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID (AMPA) OPTICAL IMMUNOSENSOR
FOR DOMOIC ACID DETECTION IN SHELLFISH SEAFOOD Hafiza Mohamed Zuki, Lai Yun Ru, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Azrilawani Ahmad @ Othman and
Marinah Mohd Ariffin
114
BIO11 MEASUREMENT MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF
ANTIFUNGAL IN MULTIPLE VOLATILE SYSTEMS OF COMBINATION
THYMOL AND CARVACROL Mazidah Abdul Rahman, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan, Noriza Ahmad and Siti Fatimah
Ibrahim
115
BIO12 A SENSITIVE UHPLC-ORBITRAP-MS METHOD FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYL
ACETOPHENONE IN RAT PLASMA Yamen Alkhateeb, Faridah binti Abas, Yaya Rukayadi and Khozirah Shaari
116
BIO13 PRODUCTION OF VERMICOMPOST FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT
BUNCH (EFB) USING EISENIA-FETIDA EARTHWORMS Mohd Saufi Md Zaini, Muzafar Zulkifli, Nor Afifah Khalil, Robert Edyvean, Ahmad Naim
Ahmad Yahaya
117
BIO14 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA BREADFRUIT PULP
AND KERNEL Noriza Ahmad, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan, Mazidah Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Izzat
Nazrin Mohd Nordin and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
118
BIO15 SALASA ADULIS AS A NOVEL DUAL FUNCTIONAL FOOD ADDITIVE
FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES:
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH Siti Hajar Ahmad Shariff, Erna Normaya Abdullah, Mohd Armi Abu Samah, Muhammad
Nor Omar and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
119
BIO16 REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MEAT FRESHNESS USING
DELPHINIDIN BASED VISUAL INDICATOR Nurdiyana Husin, Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor and Ismail Fitry
Mohammad Rashedi
120
11
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
BIO17 A NONTARGETED GC/MS ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH
CHEMOMETRICS METHODS FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF
HARUMANIS MANGO (MANGIFIRA INDICA) : DETERMINATION OF
CHEMICAL MARKERS Siti Raihan Zakaria, Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman and Hafizan Juahir
121
BIO18 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WITH RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY (RSM) OF LOCALLY-PRODUCED-XYLOSE
REDUCTASE ENZYME PURIFICATION BY REVERSE MICELLE Rusmawarni Ramli, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim and Zularisam Ab Wahid
122
BIO19 TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM OF NANOEMULSION CONTAINING
GEMCITABINE (GEM) Nadiatul Atiqah Wahgiman, Norazlinaliza Salim and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
123
BIO20 FAT REDUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS ENHANCEMENT OF
EDIBLE COMPOSITE COATING (PECTIN-MALTODEXTRIN)
ON FRIED POTATO CHIPS Nur Afiqah Mohamed Latif , Abdul Manan Dos Mohamad and Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin
124
THEME: SEPARATION CHEMISTRY
SEP01 SCREENING OF PLANTS FOR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST
ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL) FOR PEST
MANAGEMENT OF MANGO Mangifera Indica Danila S. Paragas, Kathlia DC. Cruz and Elaida R. Fiegalan
125
SEP02 DEVELOPMENT OF SUPRAMOLECULAR SOLVENT ASSISTED
MAGNETIC SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION FOR DETERMINATION OF
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES USING HIGH
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Kasturi Gopal, Muggundha Raaov, Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah, Noorfatimah Yahaya and Nur
Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
126
SEP03 IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE
AND SUCROSE IN WATERMELON JUICE PEEL Wan Mazlina Md Saad, Fatimah Salim, Nur Shafinaz Mohamad Salin and Ainza Suzila
Ramzi
127
SEP04 THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD EXTRACTION FROM
CYANIDE SOLUTION Nor Nabiha Md Zan
128
SEP05 MULTI-SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMOMETRICS ANALYSIS FOR
FORENSIC DETERMINATION OF BLOOD SPECIES Durga Devi Sandran, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan, Yusmazura Zakaria and Noor Zuhartini
Md Muslim
129
SEP06 THIN FILM µ-EXTRACTION WITH C18-CTA AS THE SORBENT FOR
SEPARATION AND PRE-CONCENTRATION OF CAFFEINE IN
ENVIRONMENTAL WATER Aida Farhana Mazlan, Nurul Aryani Zulkipli, Loh Saw Hong and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan
Mohd Khalik
130
SEP07 AGAROSE-CHITOSAN-INTERGRATED MULTIWALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES FILM MICRO-SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION COMBINED
WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF TRUCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS IN
AQUEOUS SAMPLES Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Marsin Sanagi and Nor Suhaila Mohammad Hanapi
131
12
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
SEP08 EFFECT OF BMIM-CHLORIDE PHYSIO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBER MEMBRANE FOR DOMESTIC WASTE
WATER Ahmad Tarmizi Mohd, Nur Syakinah Abd Halim, Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal, Muhammad
Roil Bilad, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin, Zulfan Adi Putra and Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff
132
SEP09 ISOLATION, STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF LUPEOL, STEROL
GROUP AND CHEMICAL PROFILING OF Fortunella Polyandra LEAVES
USING UPLC Q-TOF/MS Norazah Basar, Hazim Syahmi Elias, Atiqah Othman, Syarul Nataqain Baharum and
Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
133
SEP10 EVALUATION OF CAR PRIMER USING PYROLYSIS-GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (PY-GC-MS) Raja Zubaidah Raja Sabaradin, Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman and Hafizan Juahir
134
SEP11 SOURCE DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOEPHEDRINE USING
ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM
INFRARED (ATR-FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS Ainol Hayah Ahmad Nadzri, Saravana Kumar Jayaram, Dzulkiflee Ismail and Wan Nur
Syuhaila Mat Desa
135
SEP12 COMPARISON OF LIPIDS EXTRACTION METHODS ON Chlorella
Vulgaris sp. WITH IONIC LIQUID AS AN ADDITIVE Ninna Sakina Azman and Noraini Abd Ghani
136
SEP13 A SIMPLE MINIATURIZED SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR
DETERMINATION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
WATER Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz Rozaini, Bahruddin Saad and Noorfatimah Yahaya
137
SEP14 FACILE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO/Fe3O4)
FOR RAPID EXTRACTION, PRECONCENTRATION AND TRACE
DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINES FROM WATER SAMPLES Ungku Amirul Arif Ungku Abdullah, Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi, Wan Nazihah Wan
Ibrahim and Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir
138
SEP15 PURIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ASYSTASIA
GANGETICA BY RECYCLING HPLC Isna Athirah Othman and Norizan Ahmat
139
SEP16 EVALUATION OF PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ESSENTIAL OIL
AS A SOURCE OF INSECT REPELLENT SOAP Marmy Roshaidah Mohd Salleh, Norulakmal Norhadi and Nurul Ardilla Abdul Manaf Yusof
140
SEP17 AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DECADE RACEMIC DRUG
RESOLUTION Hatijah Basri, Tahir Shah and Haider Al-Lawati
141
SEP18 PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRIENT CONTENT,
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF
EDIBLE RED SEAWEEDS (KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII, EUCHEUMA
SPINOSUM AND EUCHEUMA STRIATUM) FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA Farah Nurshahida, M.S., Nurul Aini, M.A, Nazikussabah, Z., Wan Mohd Faizal, W.I. and
Aida Hamimi, I
142
SEP19 ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL
EXTRACT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE LEAVES OF
Macaranga Gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) M. Sulaiman M. Johari, Norizan Ahmat, Zetty Zulikha Hafiz and Aisyah Salihah
Kamarozaman
143
13
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT – POSTER
THEME: ADVANCED MATERIALS
PAM01 THE VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOUR OF DICLOFENAC VIA
MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE AT WATER|1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
INTERFACE SYSTEM Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi and Eissa M. Al-mbrok
144
PAM02 UTILIZATION OF NEEM LEAF EXTRACT ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF IRON
OXDIE NANOPARTICLES IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE MEDIUM Nurul Izza Taib, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri, Famiza Abd Latif and Zakiah Mohamed
145
PAM03 PHOTODEGRADATION OF PARACETAMOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
BY HYBRID ZnO-PES PHOTOCATALYST Maureen Chijioke-Okere, Emeka E. Oguzie, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Cynthia E. Ogukwe and
Paschal C. Njoku
146
PAM04 MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON
DIOXIDE FILLED POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL PLASTICIZED
POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE ELECTROLYTES Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri, Famiza Abdul Latif, Ruhani Ibrahim, Fazni Susila Abdul
Ghani and Nurul Dhabitah Basri
147
PAM05 STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGY, CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL
STUDIES OF POLYANILINE FABRICS DOPED HCl AND pTSA ACIDS Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Nazreen Che Roslan, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim,
Siti Norzatul Ikma Omar and Mohd Muzamir Mahat
148
PAM06 STRUCTURAL, ELEMENTAL AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF
POLYANILINE DOPED PHOSPHORIC ACID Nazreen Che Roslan, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Siti Nurzatul Ikma Omar, Mohamed
Izzharif Abdul Halim and Mohd Muzamir Mahat
149
PAM07 STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND CRYSTAL PHASE OF ZrO2
CATALYST GENERATED VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe
150
PAM08 PREPARATION OF HIGH PURITY AMORPHOUS SILICA FROM OIL
PALM FROND (OPF) ASH VIA ACID LEACHING TREATMENT Nor Surayah Osman and Norzahir Sapawe
151
PAM09 ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING
GARCINIA MANGOSTANA PEEL EXTRACT FOR DEGRADATION OF
MALACHITE GREEN Mohd Ariff Rustam and Norzahir Sapawe
152
PAM10
ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF Zn-Cu SUPPORTED CALCINED EGG SHELLS
FOR REMOVAL OF CONGO RED Nurul Fahmi Khairol and Norzahir Sapawe
153
PAM11 ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE
USING HIBISCUS LEAF EXTRACT VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL
METHOD FOR PHENOL DEGRADATION Muhammad Syahin Firdaus Aziz Zamri and Norzahir Sapawe
154
14
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
PEC01 EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
COMPOUND IN SMOKE PARTICULATE AT THREE DIFFERENT
COMBUSTION STAGES FROM BURNING OF RHIZOPHORA
APICULATA, MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON AND HEVEA
BRASILIENSIS WOOD Suhaimi Suratman, Tan Hock Seng, Mhd Radzi Abas and Norhayati Mohd Tahir
155
PEC02 HEAVY METALS IN MARSH CLAM (POLYMESODA EXPANSA) AS
BIOINDICATOR FOR POLLUTION IN SAND MINING AREA OFF
KELANTAN RIVER MALAYSIA Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Nurul Nashuha Roslan, Azwan Mat Lazim, Mohd Shahrul Mohd
Nadzir,Nor Fakihin Aqsa and Minhaz Farid Ahmed
156
PEC03 EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS USING HYBRID
GRAPHITE NANOFLAKES/MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES,
AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA AND GRAPHITE
NANOFLAKES Haslina Ahmad, Vilander Vince Laini, Tan Zhi Qian, Radhiah Mohd Jelani, Fatin Ahza
Rosli and Sazlinda Kamaruzzaman
157
PEC04 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN E-CIGARETTE LIQUIDS AND
AEROSOLS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY (GCMS) Mohd Naeem bin Mohd Nawi, Sharifah Mazrah Sayed Mohamed Zain and Mohd Fairulnizal
Md Noh
158
PEC05 INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN BASED UREA FERTILISERS IN SOIL AND
WATER Amierul Hakiem Azhari, Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim and
Mohd Muzamir Mahat
159
PEC06 STUDY ON THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF PHENOL USING
ELECTROGENERATED ZIRCONIA CATALYST Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe
160
PEC07 SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM SKEWER OF
COCONUT LEAVES FOR REMOVAL METHYLENE BLUE Yusak Asri Mohd Esa and Norzahir Sapawe
161
PEC08 SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM BANANA PEEL ASH
FOR REMOVAL OF PHENOL AND METHYL ORANGE IN AQUEOUS
SOLUTION Diyana Faziha Mohamad and Norzahir Sapawe
162
PEC09 SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLE FROM BAMBOO LEAVES
ASH FOR REMOVAL OF METHYL ORANGE AND PHENOL Mohd Khairul Hanif Mohd Nazri and Norzahir Sapawe
163
THEME: SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY
PSS01 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF
TRIAZOLE-CONTAINING METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS) Thahira Begum S.A Ravoof, Nurul Nabihah Mohamad Ishak and Mohamed Ibrahim
Mohamed Tahir
164
15
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
PSS02 ENZYME CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION OF SUGAR BY
THERMOSTABLE T1 LIPASE FROM Geobacillus Zalihae IN IONIC
LIQUID Emilia Abdulmalek, Hanim Salami Mohd Saupi, Syarilaida Zulkefli and Mohd Basyaruddin
Abdul Rahman
165
PSS03 IONOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF Zn-BASED METAL ORGANIC
FRAMEWORKS IN PYRIDINIUM IONIC LIQUID Haslina Ahmad, Nur Aininie Yusoh, Khairulazhar Jumbri and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul
Rahman
166
PSS04 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF
RHENIUM(I) COMPLEX WITH CINNAMOYL-PYRIDYLPYRAZOLE
LIGAND Wun Fui Mark-Lee, Yan Yi Chong, Azizul Hakim Lahuri and Mohammad B. Kassim
167
THEME: BIOANALYSIS
PBA01 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Cucurbita Moschata Norfarizan Hanoon Noor Azmi and Nor Aniza Mohmad Aspar
168
PBA02 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF
FUNCTIONAL GUMMY IN MALAYSIA CURRENT MARKET Muhammad Afiq Fikri Md Jamil, Shahiman Manja Saharil, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim
and Mohd Muzamir Mahat
169
THEME: SEPARATION CHEMISTRY
PSN01 EFFECTS OF ANOMERIC NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS ON THE
STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSIONS Akmal A.M. Raffi and Hairul A.A. Hamid
170
PSN02 ANALYSIS OF INK ON PAPER USING OPTIMIZED METHOD ATR-FTIR Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim, Putri Nabihah Abdul Khofar, Sarah Nadhirah Hasrin
Rathi, Mohd Muzamir Mahat and Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim
171
PSN03 THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER FIRECRACKER USING FTIR
SPECTROSCOPY Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim, Muhd
Fauzi Safian and Zaidah Zainal Arifin
172
PSN04 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR
QUANTIFICATION OF DOCETAXEL IN PALM-BASED
NANOEMULSION AEROSOLS Azren Aida Asmawi, Norazlinaliza Salim, Mas Jaffri Masarudin, Emilia Abdulmalek and
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
173
PSN05 SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN ENATIOMERS
WITH BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN Asma Omar Obaid, Siti Munirah Saharin, Arniza Khairani Mohd Jamil and Sharifah
Mohamad
174
PSN06 ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE
(GSR) ON DIFFERENT AMMUNITIONS USING ATTENUATED TOTAL
REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
(ATR-FTIR) Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin, Mohd Izzharif Abdul Halim and Zainiharyati Mohd Zain
175
16
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
PSN07 SEPARATION OF A DIASTEREOMERIC PENTACYCLIC OXINDOLE
ALKALOIDS OF UNCARIA LONGIFLORA VAR. PTEROPODA
BY USING RECYCLING HPLC Nurul Aina Suzlin Sulaiman, Yusri Mohd Yunus and Fatimah Salim
176
PSN08 UHPLC PROFILING OF THE LEAF, TWIG AND FLOWER EXTRACTS
OF ERYTHRINA FUSCA LOUR. AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES Adiez Sapura Azmi, Norina Abdul Rahim, Zuriati Zahari and Fatimah Salim
177
PSN09 CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS AND
THE ISOLATION OF LOLIOLIDE FROM ELEUSINE INDICA (L.
GAERTN) Nur Syahirah Mad Sukor and Fatimah Salim
178
PSN10 X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF TALC POWDER Krit Won-in, Siriwat Soontaranon and Pisutti Dararutana
179
ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE 180 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 181 ADVERTISEMENTS 183 SPONSORSHIPS 189 APPENDICES 193 NOTES 197
17
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INTRODUCTION
SKAM-32/2019 : Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability
The 32nd Symposium of Malaysia Analytical Sciences (Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia - SKAM
32), also known as International Conference of Analytical Science 2019 is jointly organized by Universiti
Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET,
Melaka) and Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS). Participants from universities,
industries, governmental and non-governmental organizations and venture capital providers will present
their views on recent research and application in related area of research in analytical science and
chemistry. In this international conference, we also aim to provide a platform for researchers to share and
discuss research findings and build a research network. The conference consists of local and international
expert keynote speakers, invited lectures, researchers, and postgraduate students. Since its inauguration
in 1987, SKAM has provided tremendous findings and contributions for the scientific community in
various analytical-related field.
Objectives
The SKAM 32 will help to rationalize ANALIS mission through the following objectives:
To improve the advancement and to promote knowledge transfer in analytical sciences,
To give critical views and advice at liberty in matter related to analytical science and
To promote collaboration of members within the society and outside bodies which shares the
same purpose.
Conference Streams The symposium comprises of invited keynote speaker, parallel and poster sessions. The topics to be
covered are:
Bioanalysis Analytical Biotechnology, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Food
Trace Analysis, Chemical and Biosensors Analysis, Nutraceutical
Chemistry, Cosmeceutical Chemistry, Computational Chemistry.
Advanced Materials Nanotechnology Analysis, Catalysis, Oleochemistry, Polymers, Material
Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, Soft Materials.
Separation
Chemistry
Extraction Techniques, Chromatographic Techniques, Separation
Techniques, Spectroscopic Techniques, Radiochemistry, Nuclear Sciences,
Forensic Chemistry, Membrane Science.
Synthesis Chemistry Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Synthesis, Natural Product Analysis, Aqua
Chemistry.
Environmental
Chemistry
Trace Elemental Analysis, Green Chemistry and Technology, Clean
Technology, Environmental Analysis.
18
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
History of SKAM-ANALIS
The Symposium Analytical Chemistry series was started in 1987 at UKM Bangi when efforts led by
analytical scientists from several local universities received rave reviews from scientists around the
country. The original idea of organizing seminar based on analytical chemistry was inspired by Professor
Dr Sukiman Sarmani (now Datuk, Emeritus Professor) in 1986, who was then Dean of the Faculty of
Physics and Applied Sciences (FSFG) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The First Malaysian
Analytical Chemistry Symposium, known as Simposium Kimia Analisis Kebangsaan (SKAK 1) was held
on September 2-4, 1987 on the campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi. The theme of the
symposium was “Kimia Analisis Dalam Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Negara”.
Based on the success and good feedback from the first symposium, next the Universiti Sains Malaysia
took the lead to organize the Second Malaysian Analytical Chemistry Symposium (SKAK 2) on 6-8
September 1988 with the theme of “Arah Kimia Analisis Semasa”. After gaining its momentum, the
symposium continues to be an annual event, and for the first six years, it is known as the Simposium
Kimia Analisis Kebangsaan (SKAK) and is being rotated between institutions of higher learning in
Peninsular Malaysia such as Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (now Universiti Putra Malaysia or
UPM), Universiti Malaya (UM), and Institut Teknologi MARA (now UiTM), and Bahasa Malaysia
became the language of the symposium.
Several issues have been raised in several discussion sessions, including the publication of journals
related to analytical sciences and the publisher. It was proposed that the association be formed to manage
the journal publishing (as publisher) and organizing symposium. This is where the initiative to publish
journals and establish associations began. The proposal presented at SKAK 2 at the USM campus, was
once again being presented at the UM campus during the organization of SKAK 5 in a special meeting
on the establishment of the association and the appointment of a 'protemp' committee chaired by Professor
Dr Sukiman Sarmani (now Datuk, Emeritus Professor). This committee has been mandated to register
the Persatuan Sains Analisis Malaysia (ANALIS). Finally, thanks to the efforts and perseverance of the
ANALIS 'protemp' committee, in 1993, the registration of the Persatuan Sains Analisis Malaysia
(ANALIS) was approved by the Jabatan Pertubuhan Malaysia (ROS) and the start of a new era for analyst
in the country. Professor Sukiman Sarmani (who is now Datuk, Emeritus Professor) had been elected the
first President of ANALIS.
In the following year (1994), the 7th Simposium Kimia Analisis Kebangsaan was continued by the
ANALIS under the new rebranding name, Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia (SKAM) with jointly
organized by UKM and held at a leading hotel in Kuala Lumpur. Since 1994, all the work presented at
the symposium has been published in the journal owned by ANALIS called the “Malaysian Journal of
Analytical Sciences (MJAS)”. The first volume of MJAS was published in 1995 and was launched by the
Vice-Chancellor of UPM at SKAM 8, UPM.
The SKAM Symposium Series continues as an annual ANALIS event, and is being held on a rotational
basis until this year, the 32nd year of the SKAM launch in Malaysia. For the first time, SKAM32 is being
organized by Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) as the first Government-Linked University (GLU)
hosting, with active participations from research academic fellows, postgraduate students, involvement
of research institute researchers, and also even receiving participations from abroad.
This year 2019, inaugural SKAM32 event will join together with the launch of the Silver Jubilee
Celebration of ANALIS (25 years) by the Minister of Entrepreneur Development Malaysia, Datuk Seri
Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof at Thsitle Port Dickson Resort, Negeri Sembilan. Now, SKAM-ANALIS is
stepping up in providing a forum for training the young talent postgraduate students and scientists in
presenting their scientific research findings as well as honing their skills and self-confidence.
19
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
Previous Host University of SKAM from Year 1987 – present
Year Host University
1987 SKAK 1 UKM
1988 SKAK 2 USM
1989 SKAK 3 UTM
1990 SKAK 4 UPM
1991 SKAK 5 UM
1992 SKAK 6 UiTM
1994 SKAM 7 ANALIS and UKM
1995 SKAM 8 UPM
1996 SKAM 9 USM
1997 SKAM10 UKM
1998 SKAM 11 UTM
1999 SKAM 12 UMT
2000 SKAM 13 UPM
2001 SKAM 14 Agensi Nuklear Malaysia
2002 SKAM 15 USM
2003 SKAM 16 UNIMAS
2004 SKAM 17 UiTM
2005 SKAM 18 UTM
2006 SKAM 19 UPM
2007 SKAM 20 ANALIS and IKM
2008 SKAM 21 UMS
2009 SKAM 22 Co-Host with ASIANALYSIS X
2010 SKAM 23 UMT
2011 SKAM 24 UiTM
2012 SKAM 25 UKM
2013 SKAM 26 UNIMAS
2014 SKAM 27 UTM
2015 SKAM 28 UPM
2016 SKAM 29 USM
2017 SKAM 30 ANALSIS
2018 SKAM 31 IIUM
2019 SKAM 32 UniKL
20
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
Former Presidents and Current President of ANALIS from Year 1993 – present
EMERITUS PROFESSOR DATUK DR SUKIMAN SARMANI
THE 1st PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 1993 – 1997
EMERITUS PROFESSOR DATO’ DR WAN MD ZIN WAN YUNUS
THE 2nd PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 1997 – 2001
PROFESSOR DR MHD RADZI ABAS
THE 3rd PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2001 – 2005
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR ZAINI HAMZAH
THE 4th PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2005 – 2016
PROFESSOR DR NORHAYATI MOHD TAHIR
THE 5th PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2016 – 2018
PROFESSOR DR MOHD BASYARUDDIN ABDUL RAHMAN
THE 6th PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2018 – present
21
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
FOREWORD
It is my pleasure to welcome all participants to the 32nd International
Conference of Analytical Sciences (SKAM32) 2019, which is held in
Thistle Port Dickson Resort, Negeri Sembilan. Universiti Kuala Lumpur
is proud to be given the honour to host this conference in collaboration
with Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS) as we are resolute
in contributing and making an impact to the research development of
Analytical Sciences and Chemistry through Industrial Revolution 4.0
(IR4.0) in Malaysia. This is the first time for Universiti Kuala Lumpur, as
a Government-Linked University (GLU), to host this prestigious
conference, after over 32 years since the establishment of SKAM-ANALIS.
Organizing a conference is not a simple task. The conference is indeed convened at an opportune time as
it fits in aptly with the focus given by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia, which is to further enhance
the collaboration among universities around the nations, resulting in collaborations with the aim of
unlocking the inherent potentials in universitities, and being beneficial for all.
Globalization tranlates into universities having to move towards stronger commitments beyond the
boundary of an ivory tower. With conference participants coming from both academic and industry
background, both sides are expected to complement each other and be exposed to new innovations,
management practices and technology from across the world. I believe that SKAM32 will not only benefit
the academics but also bring advantages to the industries, hopefully resulting in potential collaborations
in various areas related to sciences, engineering and technology.
Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all authors, session chairs, reviewers, speakers,
and participants for your contribution to SKAM32. I hope you will enjoy the conference and that this
conference will be highly successful and fruitful to all.
Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su'ud
President / CEO
Universiti Kuala Lumpur
22
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
FOREWORD
As-Salaam and Greetings from the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society!
On behalf of the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS), it is an
honour and a great pleasure to welcome all analytical scientists to the 32nd
International Conference of Analytical Sciences 2019 (SKAM32). This year,
ANALIS would like to welcome the Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus
Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL
MICET, MELAKA) into the fraternity of SKAM co-organisers.
Since the SKAM inauguration in 1987, ANALIS has been recognised as a leading scientific society to
foster the interest and provide platform in bringing rapid development in the field of analytical sciences
in Malaysia through annual SKAM conference series. ANALIS with more than 700 members also would
like to take the opportunity to launch its Silver Jubilee Celebration (25 years) and to galvanise its effort
to support sustainability through fundamental and analytical approaches. This can be reflected through
the theme this year: “Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability” which aligned
with the development of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Sustainable Development Goals in Malaysia and
worldwide.
The double events will bring together academic pioneers and experts, industrial professionals, and
graduate researchers to interact and share their latest research findings in analytical sciences, environment
and related technologies. Special thanks to the SKAM32 organiser for providing ample opportunities for
the delegates to exchange ideas and application experiences face to face and develop networking among
them throughout this conference.
Finally, I must thank all keynote speakers, invited speakers, presenters, participants, sponsors, and the
organizing committee member, who have contributed, directly or indirectly, to the success of this
SKAM32. Wishing you all a fruitful conference and a very enjoyable stay in Port Dickson.
Best Wishes
Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, FRSC, FASc
President
Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
23
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
FOREWORD
“Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability”. This is
the theme of the year for the International Conference of Analytical Sciences
2019. We are aspired to truly show our commitment and passion towards the
obtainment of the theme chosen for year 2019 through the 32nd Symposium
of Malaysia Analytical Sciences (SKAM32).
This year, SKAM32 is hosted by Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus
Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL
MICET) in collaboration with Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society
(ANALIS). This platform allows presenters and participants to share
knowledge related to Analytical Sciences and Chemistry.
This conference aims to provide a platform for young researchers to exchange expertise and information
in various related areas. It is my hope that this gathering of academics, researchers, industrialists and
officials will enable them to explore new developments and innovation together in the effort to push for
an Analytical Science and Chemistry economy.
I would like to take this opportunity to extend my warmest welcome and appreciation to all participants
who are here to enrich the diversity of perspective and content. My appreciation also goes to the
organizing committee for their endless commitment, diligence and support that have made this conference
possible.
Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar
Dean / Head of Campus
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET) Melaka
24
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
FOREWORD
On behalf of the organizing committee, it is my pleasure to warmly welcome
all participants, delegates, all keynote and invited speakers to the 32nd
International Conference of Analytical Sciences (SKAM32) 2019.
This year, SKAM32 is held in Thistle Port Dickson Resort Negeri Sembilan,
is jointly organized by Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian
Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)
Melaka and Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS).
This is the first time Universiti Kuala Lumpur as Government-Linked
University (GLU) in Malaysia, hosting this prestigious conference since 1987, the year
when SKAM (formerly known as SKAK) was first launched in Malaysia. What makes it more meaningful
is: this year also, witnesses ANALIS celebrating its 25th Years of establishment, namely Sambutan Jubli
Perak. Congratulation to ANALIS for the great contributions and achievements towards analytical
sciences field in Malaysia. Keep accelerate to empowered analytical sciences toward research
development and sustainability!
This year, our conference theme, “Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability”,
incorporates new findings across interdisciplinary research between science, chemistry and engineering,
specifically to analytical sciences, to provide the latest information and knowledge for future
advancement and sustainable growth in the research toward the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) that
also reflected to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDS) in Malaysia and worldwide.
Furthermore, this conference will provide a good platform for researchers and scientists to present and
share their knowledge, disseminate ideas and create a platform for collaborative research in the related
fields. I would like to congratulate all participants for being a part of this conference. I am sure that you
will find this conference both fulfilling in embracing new knowledge and enjoyable with huge
opportunities for future research collaboration.
Thank you very much to all who have contributed directly or indirectly to the success of this conference.
Appreciation also goes to all sponsors for the generous contributions. Last but not least, to the organizing
committee: thank you for your perseverance, hard work and endless supports to ensure that this event
possible and a success.
Thank you.
Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe
Conference Chairperson, SKAM-32/2019
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET) Melaka
25
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
PROGRAM ITINERARY
14 AUGUST 2019 (WEDNESDAY)
Time Activity
3.00 – 6.30 pm Early Registration
15 AUGUST 2019 (THURSDAY)
Time Activity
8.00 – 8.30 am Registration
Arrival of Participants, Invited Speakers, Keynote Speakers, and Special Guests
8.30 – 8.45 am Arrival of Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar
Dean / Head of Campus UniKL MICET | Conference Advisor of SKAM32
Arrival of Professor Dr Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
8.45 – 9.00 am Welcoming Remark by Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar
Dean / Head of Campus UniKL MICET | Conference Advisor of SKAM32
Opening Remark by Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
9.00 – 9.45 am KEYNOTE 1
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 – CHALLENGES IN MEETING THE
REQUIRED STI HUMAN CAPITAL
Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
9.45 – 10.00 am Tea Break
10.00 – 1.00 pm Parallel Session (Room I, II, III, IV, V, VI) | Poster Session | Exhibition
1.00 – 2.00 pm Lunch Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
2.00 – 5.00 pm Parallel Session (Room I, II, III, IV, V, VI) | Poster Session | Exhibition
3.30 – 5.00 pm Poster Evaluation Session | Exhibition
5.00 – 5.15 pm Tea Break & Adjourn
5.15 – 6.15 pm ANALIS Annual General Meeting (AGM) 2019
OPENING CEREMONY @ CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER
7.30 – 10.00 pm Opening Ceremony | Conference Dinner | Award Presentation
26
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
16 AUGUST 2019 (FRIDAY)
Time Activity
8.30 – 10.30 am Parallel Session (Room I, II, III, IV, V, VI) | Poster Session | Exhibition
10.30 – 10.45 am Tea Break
10.45 – 11.30 am KEYNOTE 2
TEMPERATURE-CYCLE INDUCED DERACEMIZATION FOR
OBTAINING OPTICALLY PURE PRODUCTS
Professor Dr Adrian Evan Flood
Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Thailand
11.30 – 12.00 pm Closing Ceremony by Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe
Conference Chairman of SKAM32
12.00 – 2.00 pm Lunch Break & Adjourn
End of Conference
OPENING CEREMONY @ CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER
15 AUGUST 2019 (THURSDAY)
Time Activity
7.30 pm Arrival of Participants, Speakers, Special Guests and Sponsors
7.45 pm Arrival of Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
Arrival of Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su’ud
President / CEO of Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Arrival of Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani
Chairman of Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Founder / 1st President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
8.00 pm Arrival of YB Datuk Seri Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof
Minister of Entrepreneur Development Malaysia
8.05 pm Negaraku, Nahkoda Kemajuan, Amanah Rakyat Song
Doa’ Recitation
27
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
8.15 pm Welcoming Remark by Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su’ud
President / CEO of Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Welcoming Remark by Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
8.30 pm Officiating SKAM 32 and Launching ANALIS Silver Jubilee Celebration (25
Years) by YB Datuk Seri Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof
Minister of Entrepreneur Development Malaysia
8.40 pm Dinner
9.30 pm Best Poster Award | ANALIS Award
Token of Appreciation
Photo Session
10.00 pm End of Event
*Gala Night Dinner Theme: Silver
28
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
KEYNOTE SPEAKER 1
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 – CHALLENGES IN MEETING THE
REQUIRED STI HUMAN CAPITAL
Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The advent of Fourth Industrial Revolution means that Malaysia’s talent must be made adaptable
for changes, encompasses a high degree of facility for life-long learning, good interpersonal and
collaborative skills, and is trained in multi-sectoral thinking in which could possibly increase the
dynamic capabilities of the nation’s workforce endeavour. It is a holistic endeavour that targets
all levels of the population, from children in pre-school all the way to secondary and tertiary
education, as well as ensures that the current labour force is ready for the inevitable
transformation of the job and socio-economic landscape.
Schools play an important role in supplying the potential human capital. At the school levels,
there are about 5 million students enrolled each year in both primary and secondary schools
across Malaysia. About 100,000 enrol in Science Streams at upper secondary level. Data from
MOE and MOHE demonstrate that only about 80,000 enrolled in Science Technology
Engineering and Mathematics or STEM-related tertiary courses. The low enrolment is due to
lack of awareness of opportunities in STEM careers, parents not favouring science education,
STEM subjects are too difficult, learning science is boring and too theoretical, and lack of
encouragement to take up STEM subjects in school. As the nation moves towards joining the
next industrial revolution bandwagon, we may face a possible shortage of technological
competent talents.
Some suggestions that may increase the number of students taking STEM subjects are:
a. Development of STEM Education Ecosystem
b. Establishment of the National STEM Learning Centre
c. Improvement of the teacher’s skills and competencies
d. Laboratory exercises made the learning more interesting
e. Curriculum review
f. STEM career paths review
Under the Malaysia Education Blueprint, a new strategy to enhance student’s experience in the
industry through degree apprenticeship has been developed whereby the students will spend time
in the industry to enable them to have real world experience with the theoretical knowledge they
have obtained in the university.
29
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
KEYNOTE SPEAKER 2
TEMPERATURE-CYCLE INDUCED DERACEMIZATION FOR OBTAINING
OPTICALLY PURE PRODUCTS
Adrian E. Flood*, Kritsada Intaraboonrod and Tharit Lerdwiriyanupap
Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Engineering,
Rayong, 21210 Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The majority of pharmaceutical relevant molecules are chiral species, where one of the pair of
enantiomers has a higher beneficial biological activity than the other. In the best possible case,
the use of both enantiomers leads to a higher drug loading than necessary, causing higher stress
on internal organs. In worse cases the counter enantiomer may be toxic, mutagenic or
teratogenic, and this was the problem with the drug thalidomide which caused large numbers of
birth defects, due to the presence of the counter enantiomer of the desired drug. This has made
chiral separation an essential part of pharmaceutical development.
Resolution of a racemic mixture of a chiral species is the process of separation of the two
enantiomers. Deracemization is the related process of converting a racemic mixture of two
enantiomers into a pure enantiomer – where the 50% of the mixture that is the unwanted
enantiomer has been completely converted into the preferred enantiomer; this obviously
increases the overall yield of the process. The techniques are significant in various chemical
industries that deal with chiral species, but most important in the pharmaceutical industry.
The process of deracemization of a suspension of crystals was first demonstrated in 2005 by
Viedma1 on a mixture of D- and L-NaClO3. Viedma’s process was modified to deracemize
inherently chiral molecules by the group of Vlieg2 in 2008. In 2013, Suwannasang et al.
demonstrated that the process could be more easily performed using temperature cycles3 rather
than grinding; this allows for a simpler and faster process, while minimizing problems in
downstream processing. Initially the process was used on an intermediate in herbicide
manufacture, Cl-TAK, however, since this time the process has been demonstrated on a number
of compounds that are significant to the pharmaceutical industry. Various additional
modifications have been made, including the use of other energy sources such as ultrasound and
microwaves, and also separation of epimers via the method, after which a pure enantiomer of
the desired species can be recovered by hydrolysis.
The current talk will describe the development of the temperature cycle deracemization process,
and some newly developed processes using similar methodology.
30
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 1
EMBRACING ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENZYME IMMOBILISATION
AND DRUG NANODELIVERY
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2*, Muhammad Alif Mohamad Latif1,3 and Emilia Abdulmalek1,2
1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Application of advanced materials as novel supporting matrix for molecules and biomolecules
immobilisation has engendered incredible interest in the chemical and biotechnology
communities. In particular, the robust nanostructured forms, such as nanoparticles, nanofibers,
nanotubes, nanoporous, and nanosheets, possess a high surface area to volume ratios that can
cause a high enzyme loading and facilitate reaction kinetics, thus improving biocatalytic
efficiency for industrial applications. It can also be used in targeted nanodelivery of therapeutics
and diagnostics to diseased tissues. Several natural (kaolin, mica, feldspar) and synthetic
materials (layered double hydroxide, metal organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate
frameworks) modified and characterised for both enzyme and drug application are highlighted.
The selection of appropriate support materials with tailored properties are critical for anticipated
application and future investigations should endeavour at adopting logistic and sensible
entrapment techniques. These could provide new perspectives to the industrial sector.
Keywords: advanced materials, drug nanodelivery, enzymes, immobilization, inorganic
supports
31
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 2
USE OF BIOMARKERS TO ELUCIDATE SOURCES OF PAH IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
Pang Swee Yun1, Muhammad Fais Fadzil1, Mursyid Sanip1 and Norhayati Mohd Tahir2*
1Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), 2School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds with two or more fused
aromatic rings. Their presence in the environment is ubiquitous and their concentrations in the
environment are generally higher near urban and industrialized centers. PAHs have received
worldwide attention over the past few decades because some of these compounds exhibit
carcinogenic and mutagenic properties; US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has
promulgated 16 unsubstituted PAHs as priority pollutants. Input of PAHs in the environment is
primarily associated with incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material such as
petroleum and its refined products, coal and to lesser extent wood. PAHs are also present in
sedimentary rocks and petroleum thus oil exploration and production related activities, oil
seepage and oil spills are also possible contributors of PAHs to the environment. Nevertheless,
some PAHs can be formed from natural processes such as through diagenetic alteration of its
biogenic precursors and also biological synthesis by plants and bacteria. Biomarkers are organic
compounds that can be used as tracers for geological and environmental processes. Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, being one of the most stable marker series, have been extensively used
for characterization of its sources of input into the environment viz. biogenic, combustion and
petrogenic sources. This presentation will review applications of the biomarker approaches in
the effort to evaluate sources of PAHs in Malaysian environment.
Keywords: biomarker PAHs, pyrogenic, oil spills, environmental tracers, organic compounds
32
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 3
SHINE THE SCAFFOLDS LIKE A DIAMOND:
A CHALLENGE TOWARDS IR 4.0
Zainab Ngaini
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The unique structural complexity and diversity of natural product offers an important scaffold
for the development of a wide range of pharmaceutical and industrial applications. New drug is
commonly resources from naturally derived compounds in medicinal plants. Nevertheless, not
all structures in natural products participated in the binding interaction, thus reduce ligand
efficiency and pharmaceutical properties. In drug discovery process, the derivatization of the
scaffolds is highly relevant as such molecular changes able to provide new insights into the
bioactivities and structure-activity relationships against the specific targets. Removing the
unnecessary moieties, chirality and stereochemistry make the derivatives of organic scaffolds
become convenience and economical to synthesize. Synthesis and individualized structure
manipulation of natural product-based molecules able to raise the probability of additional
interactions and strong binding to the active sites. The current trend of fundamental research in
organic chemistry is now moving towards industrial needs. Small organic scaffolds have become
important materials and employed for several other usages namely as precursor in
optoelectronic, super conductor, photo sensors, chemo sensor etc. In view of IR 4.0, this talk
will cover our research endeavours on the synthetic development of organic compounds derived
from natural product-based scaffolds towards liquid crystals studies, optical storage devices,
drug designed via molecular docking and binding interaction of ligand-receptor complexes. The
synthesis and individualized structure manipulation of selected natural product-derived
molecules namely aspirin, kojic acid and coumarin as scaffolds with other active pharmacophore
such as thiourea, azo dye etc. will be presented.
Keywords: scaffold, natural product-based molecules, organic chemistry, drug discovery
33
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 4
ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES VIA PROTEOMIC AND GLYCOMIC
APPROACHES
Mukram Mohamed Mackeen1,2
1Chemistry Programme, Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science
& Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor 2Instutite of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Bioanalysis encompasses the analysis of both small and large molecules that includes
metabolites and biomolecules. The latter comprises the four well-known and major classes of
biological molecules namely carbohydrates (glycans), proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. This
talk will be an overview of the advanced analysis of medium-sized carbohydrates
(oligosaccharides) and proteins. Oligosaccharides are notoriously difficult to analyse because of
complex isomerism arising from their naturally occurring stero- and regiochemistry. The
analytical challenge posed by proteins results from their large size in the kilo to mega Dalton
range. Both oligosaccharides and proteins may contain modifications of which several are
isobaric to further complicate their analysis. Additionally, the analysis of biomolecules using
proteomics and glycomics can be performed at different levels namely the whole proteome and
glycome, subsets of it or isolated proteins and glycans. Proteomics- and glycomics-based
bioanalysis using several examples involving inhibitor analysis and protein modification will be
discussed.
Keywords: bioanalysis, oligosaccharides
34
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 5
SPOROPOLLENIN-BASED COMPOSITES AS ENVIRONMENTALLY
BENIGN ALTERNATIVE SORBENT FOR DETERMINATION OF
SELECTED DRUGS FROM WATER SAMPLES
Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1, 2*, Siti Munirah Abd Wahib1, Mohd Marsin Sanagi1
and Muhammad Afzal Kamboh3
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM
Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial
Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not commonly
monitored in the environment but which have the potential to enter the environment and cause
known or suspected adverse ecological and (or) human health effects. Nowadays, more than
700 EPs, their metabolites and transformation products, are listed as present in the
European aquatic environment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and tricyclic
antidepressants (TCAs) are among the growing use pharmaceutical products under EPs that can
be found in environments. Their occurrence might be due to improper disposal of unused or
expired drugs, during their manufacture as well as from human or animal excretions. Even
though there is no legal discharge limits for the micro pollutants, the elevating load in aquatic
compartments has turned into alarming issue. For monitoring purpose, sample preparation prior
to instrumentation analysis is no doubt essential. Evolution of solid phase extraction (SPE) by
directly introducing small amount of sorbent in aqueous sample holds great promise as an easy,
rapid and greener method. On the other hand, the use of natural polymer as sorbent material is
in line with green chemistry. Herein, sporopollenin, an inexpensive abundant bio-based polymer
from Lycopodium Clavatum spores species was proposed as bio-sorbent of dispersive micro-
SPE (D-μ-SPE). To enhance the sorption affinity, the biopolymer was blended with desired
compounds and applied to the determination of targeted NSAIDs and TCAs in water samples.
Results indicated that the developed D-μ-SPE employing the sporopollenin-based composites
provided low LODs (3s) at ppb levels (< 0.50 µg L-1), good correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9951) and
accuracy (> 86%). Findings showed that this approach is a promising environmentally benign
method and is a potentially good alternative for determination of emerging pollutants in water
samples.
Keywords: dispersive micro-solid phase extraction, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
antidepressants, Lycopodium Clavatum, sporopollenin, composites
35
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 6
ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM: A PROMISING AND SIMPLE TOOL FOR
SYNTHESIZING METAL CATALYST WITH TAILORED SIZE,
MORPHOLOGY, AND CRYSTAL PHASES
Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Electrolysis is an alternative procedure for the synthesizing of new metal catalyst. This
procedure can easily control the use of reagent and current density which allows us establishing
new morphology and structural rearrangement, tuning and tailoring size of metal nanoparticle,
and also the adjustment of crystal phases of the nature of metal catalyst. The successful
application of an electrochemical synthesis requires a detailed understanding of the phenomena,
leading to an appropriate choice of parameters, such as the nature of the electrochemical cell,
the use of electrode plate, the mixture and formulation of media solution, and etcetera. Our study
reveals that the metal catalyst that is generated through this method shows an excellent activity
towards the photocatalytic reaction especially in the degradation of organic pollutants
contamination in wastewater. Therefore, the controllability and the efficiency of this
electrochemical system to generate excellent metal catalyst in a shorter time, simple, and less
chemical use; thus make this method is the right choice and more preferable.
Keywords: electrochemical method, metal catalyst, controllable, morphology, photocatalytic
36
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 7
THE ACTUAL IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE
ENVIRONMENT
Gaanty Pragas Maniam*
Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,
26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Climate change has intensified the realization of renewable energy globally. The declaration of
2016, third year in a row, as the warmest year ever recorded, with 2017 and 2018 as the third-
and fourth-hottest year on record, the rising of CO2 concentration to around 410 ppm versus the
safe level of 350 ppm, increasing of seawater acidity as well as sea surface temperature are
among the worst scenarios of global warming. In the past few decades, the merits of renewable
energy have been well recognized and documented, in contrary, the world is still relying heavily
on fossil fuels where about four-fifths of primary energy is sourced from fossil fuels. The main
purpose for the establishment of renewables is to mitigate the destructive effects from the use of
fossil fuels and for some extent to establish energy sources that are sustainable in nature. Time
has come to evaluate the relation between renewables and environment, and to an extent their
sustainability. While renewables are broadly understood as matters renewed faster than they are
exhausted, but the impacts of the various inter-depending processes are often neglected. With
such abandonment the destructive impacts that are often not readily seen, and may smaller at
once but significant in overall, tradeoff the benefits from the renewables. This reminds us to be
more conscious when deal with these renewables and demands to use the right terms whether
the energy flow is really sustainable or merely of waste utilization, for instance. As a result, the
researchers and policy makers must assess well the institutional practices in renewables as not
to merely spell the environmental gains without dissecting the actual production process.
Keywords: renewable energy, environment, sustainability, climate change
37
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 8
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER SCREENING ACTIVITY OF
6-HYDROXY-4-METHYL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AND
THEIR COMPLEXES
Nur Tasnim Sayutiy, Dalal M Ibrahim and Juliana Jumal
Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,
71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Ten compounds of 6-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin derivatives and their complexes have been
successfully synthesized; 6- hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin, C1, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,7-(bis-p-
chlorophenylazo) coumarin, C2, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,7-(bis-p-bromophenylazo) coumarin,
C3, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,7-(bis-p-nitrophenylazo) coumarin, C4, copper complex of C2
ligand, C5, copper complex of C3 ligand, C6, copper complex of C4 ligand, C7, cobalt complex
of C2 ligand, C8, cobalt complex of C3 ligand, C9 and cobalt complex of C4 ligand, C10. The
syntheses of the compounds were accomplished via Pechmann condensation reaction by reacting
hydroquinone with ethyl acetoacetate, selected halo-anilines, metal ions of copper (II) and cobalt
(II). Microelemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectroscopy were used to characterize the compounds. The
FTIR spectra of the compounds showed the presence of four important functional groups of ѵ(-
OH) at 3194-3425 cm-1, ѵ(C=O) at 1591-1738 cm-1, ѵ(C=C) at 1461-1599 cm-1 and ѵ(C-N) at
1086-1246 cm-1. Meanwhile, 1H NMR spectra of the compounds possesed the presence of proton
signal in the range of δH 7.23-8.27 ppm, δH 2.37-2.50 ppm and δH 7.39-7.73 ppm allocated to
proton aromatic, proton methyl and proton pyrone, respectively. The synthesized compounds
were then screened for anticancer activity by using MTT assay aginst MCF-7 cells, which was
measured using ELISA reader at the wavelength 570 nm. It has been found that compound C8
possessed the highest anticancer screening activity with low IC50 value. The presence of chloro-
substituent group and complexation with cobalt (II) play important roles in the anticancer
screening activity.
Keywords: 6-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin derivatives, complexes, anticancer, MTT assay
38
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 9
MAKING SENSE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR IN BIOANALYSIS
Zainiharyati Mohd Zain*
Electrochemical Material and Sensor Research Group
Faculty of Applied Sensor, Universiti Teknology MARA, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Biosensor is an analytical device that consists of three main parts; (i) the biomarker (target
molecule), (ii) a bioreceptor (recognition element) and (iii) a compatible transducer that is able
to capture and produce a readable output. Biosensor has been widely used in bioanalysis because
of its simplicity and offers faster analysis time. Electroanalytical techniques are widely coupled
with biosensors due to low level of detection and inexpensive laboratory equipment. Moreover,
an analyst can quantify the target molecule in situ Here, concepts on enzymatic, antibody and
DNA affinity based biosensors are presented. The used of nanomaterials in signal enhancement
such as Glucose oxidase immobilization on the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) –Silicon substrate, prostate
specific antigens on Au nanogold and DNA aptamers on ZnO nanowires on Au electrode are
discussed. Their limit of detections are at micro level. Novel biocompatible material with
acceptable electrical conductivity is also needed to hold the biorecognition element on electrode
surface in order to enhance the shelf-life of the biosensor. Amperometry technique is used for a
time dependent observation of bioelectrochemical reactions of neurotransmitters like D-serine
and glutamate oxidase in rat brain. These brain implantable electrodes have to undergo surface
modifications with polyphenylenediamine for specificity detection of the neurotransmitters.
Differential pulse voltammetry and anodic square wave voltammetry are suitable for potential
dependent affinity bio reactions such as in DNA based biosensors Impedimetric measurement
advances the understanding of electrochemical behavior on electrode-electrolyte interface where
parameters such as charge transfer resistance (Rct) and solution resistance. (Rs) were easily
extracted from the modelled equivalent circuit. Impedimetric technique was used in the label
less antibody-antigen reactions namely amyloid beta (a biomarker for Alzheimer’s) and prostate
specific antigen (PSA) biosensors.
Keywords: biosensor, bioanalysis, bioelectrochemical, differential pulse voltammetry, anodic
square wave voltammetry
39
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
INVITED SPEAKER 10
EDIBLE NATURAL PRODUCTS: A PROMISING MATERIALS FOR
ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS
Sharifah Mohamad*
UM Green Analytical Chemistry Sphere (UMGACS), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, we are discovering the potential of the edible natural products as useful resources
for analytical application in environmental studies. Some of the edible natural products that
available in our kitchen have a great potential to be used as inexpensive materials for analytical
application. In this presentation, we focus mainly on various approaches in the exploitation of
edible natural products as eco-friendly analytical solutions.
Keywords: edible natural products, analytical application, separation science
40
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ADVANCED MATERIALS
DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS POTENTIAL ELECTROLYTES FOR
REDOX FLOW BATTERY
Sharifah Nurain Syed Nasir1,2, Nadiah Sidek1, M.F.Z. Kadir3 and Ninie S. A. Manan1,4
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Solar Energy Research Institute, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been proposed as non-aqueous electrolyte for potential
application in the redox flow battery (RFB) as it has large electrochemical window, less toxic,
easy to prepare, biodegradable and low cost. To study the potential of DES for this application,
several preliminary works have been conducted using common redox compounds. In this work
the redox behavior of vanadate ion in deep eutectic solvent (DES) was studied via cyclic
voltammetry (CV) method where glyceline DES and NH4VO3 were used as electrolyte and the
source of +5 vanadium ions respectively. The CV showed a quasi-reversible redox couple
pattern of +5 to +4 vanadium ions in glyceline DES. Analysis by UV-Vis revealed the presence
of +3 vanadium ions at max 545 nm. The glyceline DES does not only act as a solvent but also
as a reducing agent by chemically reducing +4 vanadium ions to the most stable oxidation state
of +3. Temperature dependence study of vanadate ion in glyceline DES showed that the peak
current increased with temperature which enhance the reaction kinetics. In addition, the
conductivity of NH4VO3 in glyceline DES improved remarkably with temperature, whereas its
viscosity declined. Moreover, the Rs and Rct values decreased with increasing temperature.
Keywords: ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, redox flow battery, electrochemical devices
41
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SURFACTANT-BOUND Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES AS CATALYST SUPPORT:
SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Hassanain Hafiz Mohd Asnan1, Siti Kamilah Che Soh1*, Wan Fatihah Khairunisa Wan Nor1,
Sabiqah Tuan Anuar1, Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini2, Uwaisulqarni M. Osman3,
Mohd Hasmizam Razali3 and Mustaffa Shamsuddin4
1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Institute of Marine and Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are highly valuable solid support for the attachment of homogeneous
inorganic catalyst and organocatalyst. In this study, surfactant-bound Fe3O4 nanoparticles were
successfully synthesised via a co-precipitation method between FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O, in
which sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was applied as a stabilising agent. The use of surfactant
was also to avoid the agglomeration process during the catalytic activity. Different techniques
were employed to characterise the synthesised magnetic nanoparticles, such as Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray
Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Electron Dispersive X-ray
(FESEM/EDX), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET)
Surface Area Analysis. The results recommended for surfactant-bound Fe3O4 nanoparticles to
potentially be used as solid support for catalytic applications due to their unique properties, for
example high surface area, superparamagnetism, and welldispersed material.
Keywords: magnetite nanoparticles, catalyst support, heterogeneous catalysis
42
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL FREE OXYGEN-
DOPED MESOPOROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE AS A
POTENTIAL PHOTOCATALYST UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT
IRRADIATION
Shittu Fatimah Bukola1, Anwar Iqbal1*, Farook Adam1, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim1
1School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Metal free oxygen-doped mesoporous carbon nitride (O-MCN) has been successfully prepared
through a condensation-polymerization reaction between urea and glucose. Silica nano-disc
prepared from rice husk ash was used as the hard template to create the mesopores. The presence
of oxygen within the framework of the mesoporous carbon nitride, high surface area (99.6 m2 g-
1), wide pore size distribution and narrow band gap energy (2.65 eV) are expected to increase
the absorption of visible light, improve the separation of charge carriers and alter the position of
valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB). These features suggest that the O-MCN is highly
potential to be used as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.
Keywords: mesoporous carbon nitride, oxygen-doped mesoporous carbon nitride, rice husk, rice
husk ash, photocatalyst
43
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
THE EFFECT OF ANALYTICAL ACCELERATED AGING ON
POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) CONTAINING GYNOSTEMMA
PENTAPHYLLUM EXTRACT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP
WITH UV RESISTANCE
Rahimi M. Yusop1, Raghda Alsayed2, Hadeel Adil2, Dina S. Ahmed3 and Emad Yousif1
1School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,
University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
3Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour
University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, natural extracts of plant origin were used as anti-aging compounds of biodegradable
polymers. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (0.01–0.03 wt%) extracts were added to the poly(vinyl
chloride) matrix. The obtained materials were subjected to an accelerated aging process 300h)
at room temperature under continuous UV radiation. The effectiveness of the tested extracts was
compared to PVC (blank). FTIR spectroscopy, weight loss, electronic microscope and scanning
electron microscopy were performed. The use of smaller amounts of tested extracts is
particularly advantageous, which do not adversely affect the properties of PVC-based materials
at low contents.
Keywords: PVC, gynostemma pentaphyllum, green tea, plant extract, anti-aging compounds,
biodegradable polymers
44
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PARAMETER INFLUENCES ON GELATION PROCESS OF SILICA
SOL-GEL AND SILICA SOL-GEL/KENAF
Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof1*, Zulhafiz Tajudin2, Ong Siew Kooi1 and Azanam Shah Hashim1
1Polymer Department, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology,
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Process Department, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology,
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The gelation process of silica sol-gel and silica sol-gel/kenaf were investigated rheologically.
The correlation between gelation time and process parameters (i.e. the catalyst ratio: 0.03, 0.05,
0.07, water ratio: 2, 4, 6 and temperature: 30, 40, 50oC) were elucidated. The gelation time was
determined from crossing over of storage moduli (G′) and loss moduli (G″). Effect of the process
parameters on gelling time was analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Analysis
of variance (ANOVA) depicted that all examined parameters have a profound effect on gelling
time for both silica sol-gel and silica sol-gel/kenaf systems. In silica sol-gel system, the
interaction between catalyst ratio and water ratio influenced the gelling time response.
Interestingly, in silica sol-gel/kenaf system, the interaction between catalyst ratio and
temperature contributed to gelling time response. In particular, gelation time for silica sol-
gel/kenaf system was faster compared to silica sol-gel system. The apparent activation energy
of silica sol-gel and silica sol-gel/kenaf system were 27.13 and 12.52 kJ/mol, respectively.
Keywords: kenaf, silica sol-gel, gelation time, activation energy
45
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ADSORPTION ISOTHERM AND KINETIC STUDIES OF
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE-IMPRINTED POLYMER
VIA BULK POLYMERIZATION
Noor Fadilah Yusof1, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod2* and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah3
1School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, School of Fundamental Science,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),
11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) was
successfully prepared by bulk polymerization method. The polymer was synthesized by a non-
covalent approach using 4-vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and benzoyl peroxide
as functional monomer, cross-linker and initiator, respectively. The non-imprinted polymer
(NIP) was prepared as controlled samples, using the same protocol in the absence of DEHP
molecule. The characterizations of polymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and surface area and porosity analysis. The
performance of synthesized polymers were evaluated through batch rebinding experiment.
Therefore, the kinetic spectrophotometric method was used to describe the determination of
DEHP molecule based on its adsorption effect onto the polymers. The effect of initial
concentration and time taken were investigated to reveal the possible mechanism through the
adsorption isotherm studies. The result revealed that the adsorption capacity of MIP was 34.42
mg/g with 80% of percentage removal and it shows MIP exhibited good selectivity toward
DEHP compared to NIP. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm was successfully described the
polymers followed Langmuir isotherm model and display the Pseudo-second-order as the best
kinetic model. As conclusion, the present study revealed that the MIP was a promising adsorbent
for selective recognition of DEHP molecule.
Keywords: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, molecularly imprinted polymers, adsorption isotherm,
adsorption kinetic
46
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DETERMINATION OF PERFECT OPERATION CONDITION FOR
GLYCEROL OXIDATION USING PdAu/VGCNF ELECTROCATALYST
FOR DIRECT GLYCEROL FUEL CELL
Norilhamiah Yahya1* and Nabila A. Karim2
1Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study PdAu/VGCNF has been used as catalyst for glycerol oxidation. Prior to
electrochemical analysis, the physical characterization of PdAu/VGCNF was carried out by
XRD, TEM, FESEM and EDX. Efforts have been taken to enhance the current density by
improving the reaction conditions. Thus, the aim of this paper is to use experimental design to
screen, optimize experimental variables and studying the impact of each component on
electrochemical performance for electrooxidation of glycerol. A two-level full factorial design
was employed to screen the effect of catalyst loading, concentration of NaOH and reaction
temperature for glycerol electrooxidation by using PdAu/VGCNF as electrocatayst in order to
get the highest current density and lowest onset potential. Eight electrochemical testing
experiments were performed with different combination of factors. The finding was evaluated
by half normal, full normal plot and pareto chart analysis which revealed that an increase of
temperature and concentration of NaOH shows positive effect on current density as evidenced
by factorial analysis. Further analysis of variance inhibit that temperature and NaOH
concentration is the most significant component compare to catalyst loading. The using of
factorial design is able to determine the significant factors towards the response with quick and
efficient ways.
Keywords: palladium, aurum, VGCNF, electrooxidation, glycerol oxidation, direct glycerol fuel
cell
47
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA-SILVER CORE-SHELL
NANOPARTICLES AND ITS POTENTIAL IN CATALYTIC DEGRADATION
OF METHYL ORANGE DYE
Alyza A. Azmi1*, Nur Kamilah Mohd1 and W.M.A.W.M. Khalek1
1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesis silica-silver core-shell nanoparticles and to assess its uses
as a potential catalyst in dye treatment process. The silica particles have been synthesized using
Stӧber method. The deposition of nanoscales silver layer on silica surface mainly involves the
electrostatic attraction between [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions and silanol groups. UV-Vis spectroscopy
evidenced the absorption of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles in the range
380-450 nm. The crystallinity of silica-silver core-shell nanoparticles showed the face centered
cubic (fcc) structure by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Spherical shapes of silica
particles with 200 nm in size have been determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
The High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) images visualized the
successful formation of spherical silver nanoparticles on the silica surface with the average of
size 10-50 nm. The successful employments of silver element have been demonstrated by X-ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The wide scan of XPS shows the peak of Si 2p, C 1s, O 1s,
and Ag 3d elements. Methyl orange dye, which is one of the azo dyes group has been chosen in
this study. The catalytic degradation of methyl orange occurred when the (-N=N-) groups are
broken down to less harmful byproducts. Batch experiments were conducted in order to evaluate
the efficiency of methyl orange degradation by three parameters namely concentration of dye,
volume of catalyst and time of reaction. The catalytic degradation results of dye have been
degraded at optimum conditions: concentration of methyl orange dye (5.4 × 10-5 M), volume of
catalyst (0.5 mL) and time of reaction (5 minutes). This study indicates that silica-silver core-
shell nanoparticles become a beneficial catalyst for dye removal process in the future.
Keywords: silica-silver core-shell, nanoparticles, catalytic degradation, methyl orange, dye
48
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
KINETIC STUDIES OF BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE
COOKING OIL USING HYDROTALCITE CATALYST
Mohamed Afiq Mohamed Moffit* and Mohd Razealy Anuar
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Waste cooking oil was used to produce biodiesel via transesterification using hydrotalcite
catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst. Transesterification reaction were carried out. Different types
of fuel used i.e. saccharose, rice husk and rice straw were used as fuel to synthesize hydrotalcite
catalyst using combustion method. The data from the synthetization of hydrotalcite catalyst via
combustion method using saccharose as fuel was used as reference. The highest biodiesel yield
of 93.70 %, 84.15 % and 74.15 % were obtained from hydrotalcite catalyst synthesized using
fuel of coconut shell, rice husk and saccharose respectively. The reaction followed pseudo-first
order kinetics. For hydrotalcite catalyst using coconut shell as fuel, the activation energy (Ea) is
32.08 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is 2.222 x 104 min-1. Whereas for hydrotalcite catalyst
using rice husk as fuel, the activation energy (Ea) is 40.26 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is
3.3739 x 104 min-1. For reference hydrotalcite catalyst, the activation energy (Ea) is 208.39
kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is 1.447 x 1031 min-1. The study shows that the agricultural
waste can serve as a better fuel in the synthesis of hydrotalcite catalyst to produce biodiesel.
Keywords: biodiesel, waste cooking oil, transesterification, hydrotalcite
49
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMI-REFINED
CARRAGEENAN REINFORCED WITH CELLULOSE NANOFIBER
INCORPORATED WITH Α-TOCOPHEROL AS AN ACTIVE
FOOD PACKAGING
Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya1, Raja Nurliyana Raja Ahmad1, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman1*,
Ahmad Salihin Bin Samsudin1 and Wan Faizal Wan Ishak2
1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
26300 Gambang Pahang 2Faculty of BioEngineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus,
Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Recent alternative in the development of bioactive packaging films which contribute both to
reduce waste disposal problems and prolong shelf life of food have received attention among
consumers. Semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) based film plasticized with glycerol (G) reinforced
with different concentration cellulose nanofibre (CNF) (2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% [w/w])
incorporated with 0.4% (w/w) α-tocopherol were prepared for food packaging application.
Functional mechanical and physical properties of SRC-based films were characterized. The
release of antioxidant α-tocopherol from SRC-based film were studied based on total phenolic
content (TPC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) throughout 31 day storages. FTIR
spectra analysis provided some insight interaction between SRC, glycerol, CNF and antioxidant
α-tocopherol. The result shows incorporation of CNF increased the mechanical properties of
SRC-based film when compared to the control film. The filling effect of CNF caused an increase
in elongation and tensile strength. When a high content of CNF (10%) was incorporated in the
films, the water solubility was decreased due to the reduction of hydrophilic domains in the film
matrix. Moreover, addition of α-tocopherol into films contained phenolic compounds displayed
strong antioxidant activities. These results demonstrate that CNF and α-tocopherol can
significantly enhance the mechanical properties, antioxidant ability, and reduce the water
solubility of SRC-based films that can be used as an active food packaging material. Hence, the
incorporation of CNF into SRC-based film could be an alternative way to replace non-
biodegradable plastic whilst reduce the use of synthetic antioxidant directly into food product.
Keywords: cellulose nanofibre, semi-refined carrageenan, natural antioxidant
50
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT AMINE - BASED FUNCTIONALISED
SILICA/OPBI NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)
Amir Aiman Tahrim* and Indok Nurul Hasyimah Mohd Amin
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology
(UniKL MICET), 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper reports the preparation of series of different amine – based functionalised silica/OPBI
nanocomposite membrane for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT – PEMFC)
application. Polyethyleneimine and ethylenediamine were immobilised onto the surface of silica
and named SiPEI and SiEDA before added into poly(4,4’-diphenylether-5, 5’-bibenzimidazole)
(OPBI) separately with the objective to provide a better dispersion and improving the interfacial
interaction between organic/inorganic materials. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
experiment confirmed the synthesised polymer while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR) used to confirm the success of grafting of the amine derivatives to the silica surface in
the polymer matrix. The performance of the nanocomposite membrane was investigated by using
thermogravimetric analysis for high temperature PEMFC application. Water uptake and swelling
ratio in both water and phosphoric acid (PA) has significant impact with the usage of different
amine – based funtionalised silica compared to naked OPBI. Addition of amine functionalised
silica into OPBI shows a significant improvement compared to pure OPBI while the
concentration of the amine functionalised silica loading influenced the thermal stability of the
membrane at high temperature region (100 – 200 °C).
Keywords: polybenzimidazole, silica nanoparticles, proton exchange membrane
51
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE
QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROANALYSIS OF CHIRAL TYROSINE
Zakira Imana Abu Mansor and Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots-polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (GQD-PANI-CSA) were
synthesized using electrochemical deposition processes on screen-printed carbon electrode
(SPCE). The optimization for electrode growth development was precisely conducted to achieve
the optimal measurement of the chiral sensor. The film electrodeposition was carried out using
cyclic voltammetry at 0.3V to 0.7V followed by a potentiostatic of 0.55V for 300s. The
ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to analyze the optical properties of the film
while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the functional group presence.
The structural morphology was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM). The FESEM images expose the flake structure of GQD-PANI-CSA with granules.
Differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to evaluate the analytical
performance of tyrosine (Tyr) in the presence of phosphate buffer solution (pH7). The capability
of GQD to catalyze electron transfer on PANI doped CSA is promising as a potential rapid
enantiorecognition of chiral compounds.
Keywords: polyaniline, chiral detector, graphene quantum dots, electrochemical sensor
52
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ELECTRICAL AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF SOLID
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED ON POLYETHYLENE OXIDE AND
GRAPHENE OXIDE BLEND
Ahmad Syafiq Fauzan Mohd Asnawi1, Alyaa Amalina Mohd Azli2, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Abdul
Kadir3 and Yuhanees Mohamed Yusof 1*
1Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(ethylene carbonate) are synthetic
polymers that have been widely used as polymer host in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). A
proton source, for example, lithium triflate (CF3SO3Li), ammonium bromide (NH4Br) and
ammonium fluoride (NH4F) are doped in the polymer blend to provide the mobile H+ or Li+ ions
(Mohanta, Padhi, & Si, 2018). Polymer blending has been introduced to improve the properties
of SPEs due to the easy preparation and excellent physical properties (Samsudin & Isa, 2012). In
the present work, SPEs hosted by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-graphene oxide (GO) blend doped
with ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NH4CF3SO3) has been prepared via solution casting
technique. The highest room temperature conductivity of the PEO-GO polymer electrolytes
containing 35 wt.% NH4CF3SO3 was found to be (2.48 ± 0.83) ×10-6 Scm-1. Fourier transmission
infrared (FTIR) analysis exhibits the complexation between ammonium salt and polymer host.
The FTIR spectra have been deconvoluted in the wavenumber region between 1015 and 1075
cm-1 to determine the percentage of free and contact ions. Dielectric studies show that all the
electrolytes obey non-Debye behaviour.
Keywords: polymer electrolyte, PEO-GO blend, ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ionic
conductivity, dielectric constant
53
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROGENERATED Ni-Pb SUPPORTED ON
CALCIUM OXIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE COCKLE SHELL
Faridah Ghafar1*, Norzahir Sapawe1, Mohd Amin Alikasturi1 and Nor Azmmi Masripan2
1Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka
2Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Hang Tuah Jaya,
76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The solid bifunctional catalyst of nickel-plumbum supported calcium oxide derived from waste
cockle shell was synthesis by simple one-pot electrochemical method. This reaction was carried
out in a one-compartment cell fitted with a Pt plate cathode (2 x 2 cm2) and a metal plate anode
(2 x 2 cm2). The compartment cell was filled with 20 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
solution containing 0.1M tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEAP) in the presence of
naphthalene as a mediator. The synthesized catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), BET surface area, FE-SEM and FTIR analysis.
Keywords: bifunctional catalyst, electrochemical, calcium oxide, waste cockle shell
54
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREPARATION METHODS
OF CALCIUM BASED CHROMIUM OXIDES CATALYST FOR
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF REFINED COOKING OIL
Susilawati Toemen1*, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar1, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid2,
Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar3 and Juan Matmin1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Unisza Science and Medicine Foundation Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of preparation methods on calcium based chromium oxides catalyst
for transesterification of refined cooking oil was systematically investigated. The Cr/Ca/Al2O3
catalyst was prepared via modified and unmodified wetness impregnation methods. For modified
method, the extraction solution of sapodilla leaves was incorporated in the catalyst solution. All
synthesized catalysts were calcined at temperatures of 600-800ºC and the conversion were
monitored by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). From the result, Ca/Cr
(10:90)/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 700ºC with 1 g dosage of sapodilla leaves was exhibited the
highest conversion of triglycerides. Around 95% conversion was achieved at mild reaction
conditions of 65ºC reaction temperature, 6 wt.% catalyst loading, 1:18 oil to methanol ratio and
3 hours reaction time. The physicochemical analysis of this catalyst was accomplished using
several characterization techniques. The catalyst showed polycrystalline structure with sparsely
populated nanosheet with unhomogeneous shapes and sizes. It also posseses high surface area
of 402 m2g-1 with small particle sizes in the range of 10-60 nm and less metal leaching. The
observed results are much better than unmodified catalyst preparation.
Keywords: transesterification, biodiesel, catalyst, metal oxide, sapodilla leaves
55
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EFFECT OF TEOS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SILICA-COATED IRON
OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Nurul Izza Taib1*, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri2, Famiza Abd Latif 2 and Zakiah Mohamed2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus,
35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In targeted drug delivery system, the drug is embedded in SiO2 that will be transported to the
targeted area by coating it on Fe3O4 nanoparticle. In this study, this SiO2 has been coated on the
surface of Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2) by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate
(TEOS) under alkaline medium at 80oC. It was found that only 500 L TEOS is required to
obtain the best coated Fe3O4 core structures which has been confirmed from its TEM micrograph.
FTIR analyses revealed the formation of Si-O-Si bonds at 1084.2–1101.4 cm-1 hence confirmed
that SiO2 has been successfully coated the Fe3O4 core. From the FESEM analyses, the average
size of silica was ~ 50 -70 nm. EDX of the Fe3O4@SiO2 showed that silica had been effectively
bonded onto the surface of Fe3O4. The VSM measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic
properties of Fe3O4@SiO2 that is desirable for biomedical applications.
Keywords: iron oxide nanoparticles, silica, magnetic properties, superparamagnetic
56
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION OF CHIRAL ASPARTIC ACID BY
USING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS-FUNCTIONALIZED AMINO ACID
FROM L-PROLINE/GOLD NANORODS ON SCREEN PRINTED CARBON
ELECTRODE
Nurul Hidayah Mustaffar Kamal1*, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi2 and Lim Hong Ngee3
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
Universiti Putra Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, graphene quantum dots-functionalized amino acids from L-proline (GQDs-L-pro)
and gold nanorods (AuNRs) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, Uv-Vis spectroscopy
and FESEM. Then, GQDs-L-pro was drop casted and dried onto screen printed carbon electrode
(SPCE) surface, and AuNRs also was drop casted and electrodeposited onto SPCE surface by
using chronoamperometry (CA) method at 0.4 V. This modified SPCE surface was characterized
by Raman Spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Electrochemical discrimination of chiral aspartic acid
(Asp) were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and were optimized at pH 5 of
phosphate buffer solution as supporting electrolyte, the ratio of GQDs-L-pro and AuNRs was
1:2 and the immerse time to discriminate L-aspartic acid and D-aspartic acid was determined at
35 minutes. The GQDs-L-pro/AuNRs was able to discriminate aspartic acid enantiomers, thus,
have good reproducibility and repeatability.
Keywords: electrochemical, chiral, discrimination, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry
57
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ACID CATALYST SUPPORTS TOWARDS
GLUCOSE HYDROLYSIS
Puteri Nurain Syahirah Megat Muhammad Kamal, Amin Safwan Alikasturi*, Nur Izwani Binti Jimat,
Muhammad Aizuddin Aminuddin Suharto, Nur Izzati Mohamad and Magdalyn Empina Serit
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning,
78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Glucose, a part of biomass, would be such a waste if it is not utilized properly as glucose can be
converted into levulinic acid through hydrolysis process. Levulinic acid is known for its building
block which is useful especially in fuel industry. This study focused on the conversion of glucose
to levulinic acid in the presence of different types of solid acid catalyst. This solid acid catalyst
was prepared by using a wet impregnation method and characterized using FTIR. The reaction
took place in a batch reactor for 3 hours. Besides that, other conditions such as calcinations of
temperature and types of solvent were taken into consideration in aiming to obtain a high
conversion of glucose. It was revealed that the calcinations temperature of 200ºC produced the
highest conversion of glucose to levulinic acid when catalyst supported on alumina was used.
The conversion of glucose was found to be 77.31%. Meanwhile, as temperature of hydrolysis
increases up to 160ºC, 74.89% of glucose was converted into levulinic acid in the presence of
catalyst supported on silica. On top of that, it was proven that different types of solvent
influenced the conversion of glucose where the highest conversion was 98.69% and 98.27% for
reaction conditions; 1) ethanol as solvent with catalyst supported on alumina 2) acetone as
solvent with silica alumina respectively. It is found that all the parameters used in this present
work influenced the catalytic reaction.
Keywords: hydrolysis, glucose, levulinic acid, solid acid catalyst, calcinations temperature
58
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ELECTRONIC TEXTILES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Mohd Muzamir Mahat*
Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The advancement of bioelectronics requires devices to be flexible and wearable. Fabric, is one
of the interests due to the unique properties it can offer. Important considerations include the
simplicity and ease in their fabrication. Here, we report a simple method to fabricate a conductive
fabric by incorporating a conducting polymer-Polyaniline (PANI). The present study
investigates the potential antibacterial property of conductive cotton and polyester (PES) fabric
coated with polyaniline (PANI). Phytic acid (10, 20 and 30 % v/v) was used as a dopant. The
fabricated fabric were produced via immersion technique with an immersion time of 30 minutes.
The structural identification, conductivity and morphological properties of prepared fabric were
characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM),
respectively. The optimum conductivities of 2.28 x 10-4 S/m (for cotton) and 2.15 x 10-2 S/m (for
PES) were recorded when doped with 30% (v/v) phytic acid. The antibacterial test showed that
the fabricated fabric had relatively high antibacterial activity against K. pneumaniae, S. aureus,
and E. coli strains.
Keywords: chitosan based urea fertilisers (CBUF), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-
red, scanning electron microscope
59
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
BIMETALLIC OXIDE Fe/Mn/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR DEEP OXIDATIVE
DESULFURIZATION OF MODEL DIESEL OIL
Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar1*, Wan Azalee Wan Abu Bakar2 and Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah3
1Center for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang
3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs), present in hydrotreated diesel fuel were the main sources of
environmental pollutions and industrial problems. In this work, deep oxidative desulfurization
of model diesel consisting of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was investigated
with/without bimetallic oxide Fe/Mn/Al2O3 catalyst followed by extraction step using
dimethylformamide (DMF). In the absence of catalyst, about 84% of organosulfur compounds
removed from model diesel. The mechanistic study showed that the reaction between tert-butyl
hydroperoxide (TBHP) and 4,6-DMDBT was solely efficient to produce corresponding
sulfoxide, instead of sulfone compound. The catalytic activity of the synthesized Fe/Mn/Al2O3
catalysts were further evaluated at the similar reaction conditions; and the results showed that Fe/Mn (10:90)/Al2O3 calcined at 500°C catalyst presented excellent performance in the oxidative
desulfurization (ODS) reaction with best 4,6-DMDBT removal of 98.5%. The improved
desulfurization yield of bimetallic catalyst may be attributed to the characteristic of the active sites
on the support of the catalyst. The mechanism by FTIR proved the interaction between TBHP and
active species of catalyst while GC-FPD detected DBT sulfoxides and sulfones in the extracted DMF.
Keywords: oxidative desulfurization, sulfones, catalysts, mechanistic study
60
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION COUPLED
WITH DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS IN VEGETABLES
Chai Mee Kin1*, Tan Yeong Hwang1 and Wong Ling Shing2
1College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten,
43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Health and Life Science, INTI International University,
Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed
by gas-chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of 13 PAHs in vegetable
samples was developed in this study. Effective parameters such as types and volumes of
extraction and dispersive solvents, microwave power, solvents for microwave and irradiation
time were optimized. The influences of physiochemical properties of the selected extraction
solvents on extraction efficiency were also investigated. The analytical performances of the
optimized DLLME and MAE-DLLME were compared. The limit of detections of DLLME and
MAE-DLLME were in the range of 4-40 and 4-10 µg/l, respectively. For DLLME, precision and
accuracy were 1.22-7.50% (RSD) and 71.77% to 90.93%, respectively; while for MAE-
DLLME, were 0.77%-3.07% (RSD) and 83.65-98.42%, respectively. The relative enrichment
factors were ranged from 126-156 and 165 to 202 for DLLME and MAE-DLLME, respectively.
The volume of extraction solvent was reduced from 50 µl to 30 µl in MAE-DLLME. The overall
analytical performances of MAE-DLLME is better than DLLME. The application of proposed
MAE-DLLME in real samples was also investigated.
Keywords: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, vegetables,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction solvent
61
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
COMPARISON STUDY FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL AND PILOT PLANT
WASTE OVER Ni/CaO CATALYST
Nurul Shahira Anuar, Mohd Nor Irham Nor Azan, Amin Safwan Alikasturi and Nor Shahirah Mohd
Nasir*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988, Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning,
78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Most biodiesel plants are utilizing refined vegetable oils as their primary feedstock. In this
manner, the expense of refined vegetable oils contributed about 80% of the general biodiesel
generation cost. It is obvious that feedstock will be the most essential variable influencing the
cost of biodiesel in the worldwide market. Waste cooking oil (WCO) generation in the country
will have a bad impact if the balance of cooking oil is not practiced and cause disposal problems
such as water and soil pollution, human health concerns and disruption to aquatic ecosystems.
In current waste management scenario in Pilot Plant UniKL MICET, the wastes generated from
laboratory experiments are underutilized and lead to space consumption due to increase usage
of barrel to store the wastes. Hence, there is a need to explore and evaluate various strategies to
maximize the utilization of these both wastes. The wastes were used to investigate the
transesterification reaction using heterogeneous base catalyst. The catalysts were synthesized
via wet impregnation method and its physicochemical properties were subsequently
characterized. TGA analysis was used to identify the exact calcination temperature for the fresh
as-synthesized catalyst (Ni/CaO). FAME characterizations were analyzed by using GCMS,
FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The physical properties (density, flash point, volatility and
kinematic viscosity) of FAME were measured according to ASTM D6751. The reaction was
carried out under reflux condenser of three reaction constant; methanol to oil molar ratio (1:15),
catalyst loading (3 wt%) and reaction temperature (65ºC). Ni/CaO catalyst shows the best
catalyst in order to achieve maximum FAME yield up to 90%. The produced biodiesel from this
technique has been referred according to the ASTM D6751 and considered as a potential
biodiesel for future alternative and sustainable energy sources.
Keywords: biodiesel, catalysis, Pilot Plant waste, waste cooking oil, wet impregnation
62
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE
METALS IN LAKE KENYIR, MALAYSIA
Suhaimi Suratman1,2*, Fatin Adlina Md Nasir1 and Tan Hock Seng1
1Institute of Oceanography and Environment
2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the concentration and possible sources of dissolved and
particulate metals in Lake Kenyir, Malaysia. The metals studied including aluminium (Al),
cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Horizontal and vertical
distributions of heavy metals in the lake were determined from April 2014 to February 2015.
The samples were collected at 14 stations in Lake Kenyir using a Van Dorn sampler and were
analyzed using standard method. The analysis of both dissolved and particulate metals were
carried out by using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The finding
indicates that the mean concentration for dissolved metal of Al was 3.96 ± 1.85 µg/L, Cd 0.030
± 0.013 µg/L, Fe 7.29 ± 4.32 µg/L, Pb 0.26 ± 0.10 µg/L, Zn 4.48 ± 2.17 µg/L and Cu 0.254 ±
0.140 µg/L. While the mean concentration for particulate metals of Al was 95.0 ± 59.7 µg/L, Cd
0.08 ± 0.04 µg/L, Fe 94.0 ± 71.0 µg/L, Pb 0.10 ± 0.091 µg/L, Zn 1.39 ± 0.81 µg/L and Cu 0.52
± 0.31 µg/L. Stations situated at Pangkalan Utama and Pangkalan Gawi recorded the highest
concentration of heavy metals compared to other stations. This was caused by the anthropogenic
activities such as discharge of untreated sewage, surface runoff and boat activity. The heavy
metals concentrations were equivalent with Class II and below based on the National Water
Quality Standard (NWQS). This condition is suitable for recreational activities where body
contact is allowed and also suitable for fishing activities.
Keywords: dissolved and particulate metals, horizontal and vertical distributions, National
Water Quality Standard, Lake Kenyir (Malaysia).
63
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
TREATMENT OF POND FROM ABANDONED LANDFILL VIA
ELECTROCOAGULATION
Norhafezah Kasmuri*, Dian Khairunnisa Muhammad Amin and Nurazwa Adnan
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Abandoned landfill site portrays higher chances of environmental pollution, especially to the
groundwater. There are several of these sites still exists in Malaysia. This landfill was built
without any engineered liners which lead to severe environmental impact. Thus, the surrounding
environment of the landfill site has been greatly affected. This is very important to ensure the
water quality meets the required standard set by the Department of Environment (DOE),
Malaysia. This research presents the application of electrocoagulation in removing pollutants
from an abandoned pond. Two different distance between electrodes (aluminium) were
conducted in batch mode. Closed parallel aluminium plates were found to be most effective in
the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total
suspended solids (TSS), nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphorus and ammonia-nitrogen
(84%, 92%, 95%, 100%, 100%, 97% and 21%) removal efficiency. Subsequently, 66% of BOD,
84% of COD, 93% of TSS, 100% of nitrite-nitrogen, 100% of nitrate-nitrogen, 91% of
phosphorus and 17% ammonia-nitrogen were removed by non-closed parallel aluminium plates.
Both conditions were carried out for 120 minutes. Longer durations time needed for higher BOD
and ammonia nitrogen removal. This can be concluded that electrocoagulation with closed
parallel aluminium plates was more capable to remove contaminants than non-closed parallel
aluminium plate with longer durations.
Keywords: abandoned landfill, electrocoagulation, aluminium electrode, the removal efficiency
64
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
TOWNWATER FOOTPRINT FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
ADDRESING IMPACT-ORIENTED APPROACH METHOD
Masitah Alias*, Ahmad Rosly Abbas, Nuriffika Ruslan and Ammar Harith Ahmad Amer
Build Environment & Climate Change Unit, TNB Research Sdn Bhd
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The power industry is strongly influenced by water availability, in quantity, quality, and
accessibility, both directly on their operation but also along their supply chain and downstream
operations as well. Therefore, power utility companies around the globe have an increasing
interest in water-related issues, and they are moving forward to integrate water management
(water-energy nexus) in business plans and risk assessments. A key aspect of this approach is
that estimating water use on a purely volumetric basis is insufficient to improve water
management outcomes. Based on the definitions and framework, a case study was conducted for
TNB thermal power plants by implementing water reclaim technologies where a pilot water
reclaimed plant was added to an existing facility. The main reclaimed technologies used is
ultrafiltration and reveserve osmosis. Based on the results obtained, it has contributed to an
overall shown 4 to 18 percent of townwater water footprint improvement.
Keywords: power industry, waterfootprint, impact oriented method, ultrafiltration, reverse
osmosis
65
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EVALUATION OF TETREMETHYLAMMONIUM ACETATE AS
CORROSION SUPPRESSOR FOR FLOW ASSURANCE APPLICATIONS
Ali Qasim1,2, Muhammad Saad Khan1,2 Bhajan Lal*1,2 and Mokhtar Che Ismail3
1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,
32610, Perak, Malaysia 2CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,
32610, Perak, Malaysia 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Corrosion Research,
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
For flow assurance applications, different corrosion inhibitors are used in the oil and gas industry
in order to mitigate corrosion. Among corrosion suppressing compounds, quaternary ammonium
salts (QASs) find an exceptional usage as these relatively long chain compounds adsorb onto the
surface of the pipeline. The formation of protective layer by adsorbing on the surface prevents
corrosion. In this work, tetramethylammonium acetate (TMAAc) which is QAS is evaluated as
a corrosion inhibitor in saline environment using weight loss method. The weight loss
experiments are performed with the solution concentrations of TMAAc as 0.01, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and
10 wt%. Corrosion rate values are determined at these concentrations. It is observed that the
corrosion rate increases with the increase in concentration. The minimum value of corrosion rate
is found to be 0.068 mm/yr at 0.01 wt%. At lower concentrations, TMAAc can find its
application as a commercial corrosion inhibitor.
Keywords: corrosion, tetramethylammonium acetate, weight loss, inhibitor
66
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EFFECT OF REACTION PARAMETERS (TEMPERATURE, TIME AND
SOLID LOADING) ON LIGNIN FROM OIL PALM FROND (OPF) UNDER
SUBCRITICAL PHENOL CONDITIONS AS A PRECURSOR FOR
CARBON FIBER PRODUCTION
Khalidatul Athirah Khalid, Asimi Ana Ahmad and Tau Len-Kelly Yong*
1Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology
(UniKL MICET), Melaka, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The market price of carbon fiber which considerably high has limit its application as a value
added material. Lignin, a natural source which can be obtained from oil palm frond (OPF)
biomass could be seen as a promising precursor for carbon fiber production. The aim of this
study is to determine the feasibility of OPF lignin extracted under subcritical phenol conditions.
Focus been given to the fundamental properties (ash content, volatile content and carbon content)
as well as thermochemical properties (glass transition temperature and weight average molecular
weight) of lignin as a precursor for carbon fiber production. The effect of reaction parameters
such as temperature (260-300 °C), reaction time (5-30 min) and solid loadings (6 and 10 g) are
also the major focus in this study in order to produce high quality precursor for carbon fiber. The
result indicated that lowest ash content and volatile content of 10.93% and 6.45% was obtained
at 260 °C, 5 min, and 6 g solid loading respectively. Under the same reaction condition, highest
amount of carbon content, weight average molecular weight (Mw) and glass transition
temperature (Tg) were obtained of 53.74%, 435.40 g/mol and 96.32 °C, respectively. It can be
further concluded that, some of the analysis show that there are correlations between each of the
properties that give effects to the quality of lignin precursor produced.
Keywords: lignin, carbon fiber, subcritical phenol
67
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
HEAVY METALS LEVEL IN BAMBOO SHARKS (Chiloscyllium sp.)
IN STRAITS OF MALACCA, MALAYSIA
Poong Jun Han1, Tee Lian Sheng1, Tan Evonne1, Yip Tiam Hing1, Muhammad Hasbi Ramli1,
Abd Rahman Ali Hassan2, Ahmad Ali3, Chen Meng Hsien4, James Lam Chung Wah5 and Ong Meng
Chuan1*
1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Pejabat Perikanan Daerah Larut Matang dan Selama, Tingkat, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
3Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries
Development Center (SEAFDEC), 21080 Chendering, Terengganu, Malaysia 4Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lian-Hai Road,
Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan 5Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong,
10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Sharks are top predators in ocean food chain and can accumulate a significant amount of metals
in their body. There’s also high demand in shark meat as delicacy for restaurant. Therefore, a
study was carried out to investigate the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentration of most
landed shark, Bamboo shark edible tissue. A total of 43 shark samples were collected from local
fishermen at Lumut, Perak. In this study, the two edibles tissue, muscle and fins were dissected
and analyzed by using ICP-MS after Teflon bomb closed digestion with HNO3 acid. Results
obtained shows the patterns of metals in muscle tissue decrease in order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd.
Meanwhile, there was slightly different in fin tissue where the pattern of metals concentration
followed the order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd. Generally, the average concentration of metals in fin tissue
were higher compared to muscle tissue. All metals studied were also correlated with shark length
and weight and our findings reveal that all metals show positive correlation except Pb
concentration in muscle tissue and Zn concentration in fin tissue. In order to determine the
pollution status in shark tissue, the data was calculated using Pollution Load Index (PLI) as the
indicator. The average PLI value calculated were 3.2 ad 12.4 for muscle and fin tissue,
respectively and these values suggest that the pollution level is under control and no monitoring
are required. All findings from this study can be used as a reference for further studies especially
in west coast of Peninsular Malaysia waters.
Keywords: Straits of Malacca, sharks, heavy metals, pollution load index
68
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
IMPACTS OF CITRIC ACID ON PHYTOEXTRACTION OF ZINC (Zn)
USING SORGHUM BICOLOR L.M PLANTS
Hamza Badamasi1* and Muhammad Saminu Dagari2
1Department of Chemistry Federal University, Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry Federal University, Gashua, Gashua, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of citric acid on
Zn uptake and phytoextraction potentials of sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.M). Two-week-old
seedlings transplanted in hydroponic solutions were treated with different doses of Zn in the
concentration range of 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L alone or in combination with 10 mM citric
acid. After 21 day of culture, the plants were harvested, separated into roots and shoots and then
dried. Fresh and dry weights, Zn uptake, translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor
(BCF), proline, ascorbate and pigment contents were determined. The results indicate that Zn
uptake, fresh and dry weights, TF, BCF, proline and ascorbate contents were concentration
dependent with more significant increase (P < 0.05) after application of citric acid. Pigments and
protein contents were however, severely decreased with increasing Zn concentrations and
appreciated gradually with the addition of citric acid. Thus, citric acid efficiently increased
phytoextractability of Zn and Sorghum bicolor LM was non-hyperaccumulator of Zn; but may
be used for phytoremediation of Zn contaminated environments with assistance of citric acid.
Keywords: citric acid, hydroponic, phytoextraction, proline, sorghum bicolor L.M, Zn
69
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
MICROBIAL PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACID (PLFA) ASSOCIATED WITH
CADAVER DECOMPOSITION AT LATE DECAY STAGE: A BURIAL IN
NAMI SERIES SOIL OF BUKIT KOR
Siti Sofo Ismail*, Syazwani Ainaa Aling and Nik Mohd Shin
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A controlled laboratory simulated burial experiment was conducted where the commercial pig
(Sus scrofa) fatty flesh was buried in mangrove (pH mild alkaline) and oil palm plantation (pH
acidic) soils. This work was performed to establish an understanding of the effect of acidity of
the soil in which a cadaver is buried, in particular under tropical climate. The pig fatty flesh was
allowed to decompose for 28 days of burial period. The associated soils were collected at
different sampling points, corresponding to different decomposition stages. Soil cadaveric
derived lipids were extracted using Modified Bligh-Dyer Extraction method. The analysis of the
extractable lipids was done using Gas-Chromatography Flame Ion Detector (GC-FID). A similar
trend in the rate of decomposition was observed for both mangrove and oil palm plantation soils.
However, the mangrove soil demonstrated a higher decomposition rate for most of the
decomposition stages compared to that of oil palm plantation soil. During the first seven days of
burial interval, the oil palm plantation soil demonstrated higher concentration in extractable
lipids than that of mangrove soils. For the following sampling points, however, an opposite trend
in the concentration of the lipids for both soils was observed. The concentrations of palmitic
(C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids found to be higher in mangrove soil compared to
that of oil palm plantation soil. The results of this study provide baseline data for further
exploration regarding the relationships of soil acidity and fate of a cadaver that buried under
tropical climate, to get forensically reliable data.
Keywords: cadaveric derived lipids, decomposition rate, Fatty acids, alkaline soil
70
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DEACIDIFICATION OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS FROM PETROLEUM
CRUDE OILS USING 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH THE AID
OF Ni/Ce and Cu/Ce CATALYST
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi*
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The presence of the carboxylic acid derivative compound in crude oil can contributes to the
major corrosion in oil pipelines and distillation units in crude oil refineries. The acidity level in
crude oil is measured by the Total Acid Number (TAN). Methods that commonly used to remove
naphthenic acid (NA) from crude oil such as dilution and caustic washing have its own weakness
such as emulsion formation, high temperature and huge solvent usage. In order to overcome this
problem, catalytic deacidification method had been developed to reduce the TAN value in acidic
crude oil utilizing basic chemical with the aid metal oxide catalyst. In this study, crude oil from
Petronas Penapisan Melaka was investigated. The parameters studied were reagent
concentration, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, calcination temperature and reusability of
the potential catalyst. Basic chemical used were 2-methylimidazole in polyethylene glycol (PEG
400) with concentration of 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm. Cerium (Ce) was used as based for
the catalyst with Ni and Cu act as dopant. The potential catalyst undergoes characterization
methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetry Analysis for
its physicochemical properties. The result showed that the Cu/Ce catalyst meet Petronas
requirement as the TAN value reduced to 0.93 mg KOH/g from original TAN value of 3.93 mg
KOH/g. As for Ni/Ce catalyst, the TAN value reduced to 1.03 mg KOH/g. TGA results revealed
the total weight loss of Cu/Ce=23.40% and Ni/Ce=25.22% due to the complete removal of the
impurities in catalyst. Reaction temperature used was 27 ̊C with catalyst calcination temperature
of 1000ºC and 7 beads of catalyst loading. It can be concluded that catalytic deacidification
method with the aid of Cu/Ce was efficient in removing NA from the acidic crude oil thus
lowering the TAN value less than 1 mg KOH/g.
Keywords: Cu/Ce catalyst, 2-methylimidazole, catalytic deacidification, deacidification
71
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
MULTICLASS EMERGING ORGANIC POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED
RISK IN THE KLANG RIVER ESTUARY MALAYSIA
Tuan Fauzan Tuan Omar1,2*, Ahmad Zaharin Aris1,3, Fatimah Md. Yusoff4 and Shuhaimi Mustafa3
1Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Product Research Institute,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 4Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The occurrence, level and distribution of multiclass emerging organic contaminant (EOC) in the
environmental matrices from Klang River estuary were examined. The targeted multi class EOC
for this assessment consisted of endocrine disrupting compounds, organo phosphorous pesticides
and pharmaceutically active compounds. Analytical methods of quantification for determination
of multiclass EOCs were developed for three matrices, namely estuarine water, sediment and
biota. Results from this study showed that prevalent contamination of Klang River estuary by
EOCs with several compounds such as diclofenac, bisphenol A, progesterone, estrone and
amoxicillin were predominantly detected in those matrices. The highest concentration of EOCs
in surface water samples was found in bisphenol A at 597.30 ng/L, followed by amoxicillin
(102.31 ng/L). While for sediment samples, bisphenol A was the highest concentration detected
at 16.84 ng/g followed by diclofenac (13.88 ng/g) and estrone (12.47 ng/g). As for biota matrices,
diclofenac (10.76 ng/g) was detected at the highest concentration in fish samples, while
progesterone (9.57 ng/g) was the highest concentration found in the molluscs. Estimation of
health risk assessment, calculated as hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, suggesting the
consumption of fish and mollusc from Klang River estuary will not pose any health risk to the
consumers. Meanwhile, environmental risk assessment, expressed as risk quotients (RQs) for all
targeted compounds were also less than 1. Hence, the targeted EOCs have not indicated
significant risks to the ecosystem during the current assessment. Nonetheless, result from this
field assessment is an important finding for pollution studies in Malaysian tropical coastal
ecosystems particularly for organic micro-pollutant EOCs and can serve as a baseline database
for future reference.
Keywords: multiclass emerging organic contaminats, estuarine water, sediment, biota, risk
assessment
72
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES FOR THE ADSORPTION
OF CHRYSENE ONTO MIL-88(Fe) AND NH2-MIL-88 METAL-ORGANIC
FRAMEWORKS
Zakariyya Uba Zango* and Bahruddin Saad
Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Microwave assisted solvothermal method was used for the synthesis of iron-based metal-organic
frameworks MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe). Characterizations using electron microscopy
have shown that the surface of the material to of good crystallinity with square bipyramidal-
shaped particles. The BET surface area and pore volumes were determined by N2 adsorption-
desorption and the results have shown the BET surface area and pore volume of the MIL-88(Fe)
to be 1240 m2/g and 0.7 m3/g, while that of NH2-MIL-88(Fe) were 941 m2/g and 0.6 m3/g,
respectively. Both materials have shown efficient adsorption capacity for the removal of
chrysene from solution within 25 minutes. The quantity adsorbed at equilibrium were 22.5 mg
g-1 and 19.2 mg g-1 with percentage removals of 90.7% and 88.4% for MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-
MIL-88(Fe), respectively. Kinetic study has shown both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second
order models to describe the mechanisms for the interactions of the synthesized MOFs with the
chrysene. Langmuir isotherm model was for the explanation of the interactions of the MOFs
with the adsorbate. To elaborate more on the efficiency of the materials, these adsorbents were
easily regenerated and can be reused up to five cycles.
Keywords: adsorption, chrysene, metal-organic framework, removal
73
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
REMOVAL OF DYE USING THE NANO-CRYSTALLINE
HYDROXYAPATITE FROM FOOD WASTE
Mohamed Imran Shah Mohd Shah, Elyzar Abdul Aziz and Sabrina Karim*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Lot 1988, Taboh Naning Vendor City, Alor Gajah, 78000, Melaka.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Growth in populations and industrial development since the early years have been polluting both
surface water and groundwater making clean safe water limited to be consumed by humans. Due
to limited source of clean water, there are possibilities of communities around the world
consumed contaminated water every day. This problem still exists in today’s time especially in
third world countries. While dangerous microorganism can be purified by boiling the raw water,
harmful chemicals and substances still presence in the water and can enter the human body. To
suggest improvements in greener sustainable water treatment systems as well as utilising natural
resources, mud creepers shells have the potential to be used as raw material to synthesize
Hydroxyapatite to be used as photocatalyst which has been actively researched to treat
contaminated water. This project uses mud creepers shells to be synthesized into Hydroxyapatite
powder and determine the characterization of powder produced. The synthesized powder was
used to demonstrate the application of Hydroxyapatite on photocatalysis under ultraviolet
irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer was done
in characterizing the wet chemical production of Hydroxyapatite. The characterization results
were found to be identical to the other Hydroxyapatite synthesized from typical natural shells
done by previous researchers. In this process, bromocresol purple was used as the solution to
investigate the degradation performance under ultraviolet irradiation with Hydroxyapatite as the
photocatalyst. The degradation of 100 ml Bromocresol Purple, with the dosage of 0.2 g of
synthesized Hydroxyapatite shows positive results. Kinetic models are applied to describe the
behaviour of particles in the degradation reaction. The positive two-stages-reaction is modelled
with first order namely by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, thus the values of reaction rate
constant, k are 0.0023 and 0.02. To conclude, Hydroxyapatite synthesized from mud creeper
shells give positive results to be used in water treatment specializing in ultraviolet disinfection
as it is cheaper and readily available.
Keywords: hydroxyapatite, mud creeper shells, methylene blue
74
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
RECYCLING OF SPENT GARNET BY WASHING WITH
ORGANIC ACID
Amelia Md Som
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,
Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Garnet has been used in wide of range industries for centuries. The structure and hardness of
garnet has made it suitable for abrasive blasting media. Used or spent garnet after the blasting
process contains organics and heavy metal that are classified as scheduled waste. It is hazardous
to human and animal. Organic acid washing process were tested on spent garnet in attempt to
remove Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn. Two controlled variables were evaluated; washing time and ratio of
spent garnet to weak acid solution (w/v). The spent garnet were washed in an incubator shaker
for 48 and 98 hour at 100 rpm. The garnet:weak acid ratio used were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3.Result
shown 71% of Cu, 53% of Fe, 68% of Pb and 89% of Zn were removed. Removal of Cu, Pb and
Zn were best at 98 hour with 1:3 ratio condition.
Keywords: garnet, blasting process, washing time
75
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PERFORMANCE OF SIMULTANEOUS PERSULFATE AND FERROUS
SULPHATE OXIDATION FOR LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT
Salem S. Abu Amr1*, Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi1, Mohammed J.K. Bashir2 and Tamer M. Alslaibi3
1Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur,
(UniKL, MICET), 78000, Melaka, Malaysia 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology,
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. 3Civil Engineering Department, Palestine University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract
The current this study aimed to investigate the performance of employing Fe2SO4 reagent for
persulfate (S2O82−) activation to treat landfill leachate. A central composite design (CCD) with
response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between
operating variables, such as persulfate and Fe2SO4 dosages, pH, and reaction time, to identify
the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following three responses proved
to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): COD, color, and NH3–N removal. The
obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 82 min, 10 mL S2O82−, 3.64 mL Fe2SO4
dosage and pH 4.6. The experimental results were corresponding well with predicted models
(COD and NH3–N removal rates of 68%, 96%, and 52%, respectively). The results obtained in
leachate treatment were compared with those from other treatment processes, such as S2O82−
only and Fe2SO4 only, to evaluate its effectiveness. The combined method (i.e., / S2O82−/
Fe2SO4) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD, color, and NH3–N compared with other
studied applications.
Keywords: oxidation, persulfate, activation, leachate treatment, optimization.
76
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
TURBIDITY EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED BAUXITE IN EMBRYONIC
STAGE OF CLIMBING PERCH, ANABAS TESTUDINEUS
AFTER POST FERTILIZATION
Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff *
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Turbidity in river water is known as a global threat to aquatic fauna such as fish embryo. To
investigate the turbidity effects of suspended bauxite on climbing perch (Anabas testudineus)
embryo, the organism was exposed to bauxite after post fertilisation. The 24 hours median lethal
concentration (24 hr LC50), lowest effect concentration (LOEC), and no-observed effect
concentration (NOEC) were 2.53 g L-1, 0.314 g L-1, and 0.125 g L-1, respectively. The sublethal
effects observed were hatching rate, unhatching rate and mean hatching hours. The sublethal
effects were not significant as compared to control group (bauxite free-water), except for 6.00,
12.0 and 24.0 g L-1. The fatal effects were observed in these treatment groups that resulted in
hatching success rate of embryos less than 6.70% and mortality greater than 63.3%. Among the
deadly effects recorded were malformations, shrinking of yolk, bauxite coating and ruptured
chorion. Overall, the finding from this study proposed that the level of bauxite residues in the
water should not exceed 0.314 g L-1 to ensure good development and survival of A. testudineus
embryos.
Keywords: red mud, Malaysia, sedimentation, fish, LC50
77
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MAGNETIC
KAOLINITE-IRON OXIDE COMPOSITE
Izzan Salwana Izman, Siti Nor Atika Baharin and Ruhaida Rusmin*
School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah campus,
72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Magnetic kaolinite composite was successfully synthesized using impregnation of natural
kaolinite clay minerals with iron oxide prepared through the co-precipitation method. The
synthesized kaolinite-iron oxide composite (Kao-IO) and raw kaolinite (Kao) was characterized
using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Kao-IO composite was used to remove Pb2+ from aqueous
solution through batch adsorption studies under specific experimental conditions (e.g. pH,
contact time, and initial Pb concentration). Meanwhile, the desorption studies were performed
with selected desorbing agents. Kao-IO composite showed a higher adsorption capacity (30.93
mg g-1) compared to Kao (25.04 mg g-1) at an optimum pH of 6 within a 120 min reaction time.
The recovery of spent Kao-IO adsorbent from reaction media was facilitated through feasible
magnetic separation. Pb desorption from spent kaolinite using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
(EDTA) gave the highest desorption percentage (39.2%). Overall, Kao-IO composite
demonstrated potential as an environmental benign adsorbent in treating Pb contaminated water.
Keywords: kaolinite, magnetic, clay minerals, lead, adsorption
78
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SIZE-DEPENDENT ABUNDANCE AND COMPOSITION OF DISSOLVED
ORGANIC MATTER (DOM) IN PEAT SWAMP SOIL FROM
RAJA MUSA PEAT SWAMP FOREST
Noor Fazreen Dzulkafli*, Noor Atikah Sahadan, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad, Ainilhawa Sazali
Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Tropical peat swamp forests are globally important ecosystem that are poorly understood in
regards to their ecology and biodiversity. In this study, we report the size-dependent abundance
of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compositions, in concurrence with the carbohydrates
content, derived from peat swamp soil. The soil samples were isolated from the disturbed peat
swamp soil with palm oil plantation and paddy soil. The sediment’s DOM were size fractionated
with different membranes having different pore-sizes including 0.45 and 0.2 µm. Spectroscopic
properties of DOM, such as specific ultraviolet absorbance, spectral slope, and biological and
humification indices also varied significantly with membrane pore size. DOM-fraction
distribution patterns were significantly different depending on the origin of the sample. DOM in
palm oil and paddy soil was found rich with terrestrial humic substances and protein sources.
Based on the results, we concluded that the abundance of size-dependent fraction DOMs were
different among palm oil plantation and paddy cultivation area. This study highlighted the
composition of peat swamp soil which can improve our understanding and can be used in in the
peat swamp management.
Keywords: dissolved organic matter, tropical peat swamp soil, size fractionation
79
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
GREEN SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM
Blumea Balsamifera LINN. LEAVES AND ITS BIOCIDAL ACTIVITIES
AGAINST Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL)
Danila S. Paragas1*, Kathlia DC. Cruz2 and Elaida R. Fiegalan3
1Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences and 3Department of Crop Protection,
College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz,
Nueva Ecija, Philippines 2School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University,
Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The biocidal components of sambong (Blumea balsamifera) leaves against Oriental fruit fly,
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were extracted using four green solvents
namely: rice wine, rice wash, apple cider vinegar and distilled water employing hot infusion,
maceration, fermentation and Soxhlet extraction methods. These extracts were used in the
synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The suspensions of nanoparticles were centrifuged
and the aggregates were separated and dried. The dried aggregates and the colloidal suspensions
of copper nanoparticles were tested against male adult Oriental fruit fly. Improvised
olfactometer was used for the adulticidal activities of the nanoparticles. Results show that both
the dried aggregates and the colloidal suspensions had effects to the fruit flies with mortality
rates ranging from 25 - 100% in 12 h exposure. The dried aggregates, however, gave higher
mortality rates compared to the colloidal suspensions. Based on these results, it was concluded
that sambong can be used in the preparation of nanoparticle-enhanced biocide either as
suspension concentrate or dust or powder with suitable sorption material and can be an
alternative method in the management of Oriental fruit fly.
Keywords: biocide, Blumea balsamifera, colloidal suspension, nanoparticle, oriental fruit fly
80
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
INVESTIGATION OF GLYCEROL AS CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR
FLOW ASSURANCE IN GAS PIPELINES
Belkhir Walid1, Yoann Madec1, Vinayagam Sivabalan1,2 and Bhajan Lal Rahanu1,2*
1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia 2CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The problems of hydrate formation and corrosion are accounted as leading predicament faced
by the flow assurance engineers in the oil and gas industry. To overcome these issues that lead
to severe safety and economic losses, the industry is injecting different types of gas hydrate
inhibitors (GHI) and corrosion inhibitors (CI). However, GHI and CI often tend to display
antagonistic behavior, and compatible GHI and CI that have no compromises are still under
research and development. Latest researches are being done on multifunctional gas hydrate and
corrosion inhibitor (GHCl). Glycerol has been tested for its inhibition performance for both
hydrate and corrosion in various distinguished experiments. However, Glycerol's corrosion
inhibition on X52 mild steel in seawater environment have never been tested. In this work, the
corrosion inhibitor property of Glycerol on X52 metal in 3.5 wt% NaCl brine solution is
investigated and the performance is compared with commercial CI, Propargyl Alcohol (PA). The
concentrations used are 400, 600, 800, 1000, 5000, and 10000 ppm. The pH and conductivity of
Glycerol and PA have been measured and the relationship between pH, conductivity and
corrosion has been thoroughly discussed. The performance of Glycerol and PA have been
studied further based on adsorption isotherm such as Langmuir, Frumkin, Temkin and
Freundlich isotherm. The Temkin shows the best fit for adsorption isotherm.
Keywords: glycerol, propargyl alcohol, pH, conductivity, corrosion, adsorption, hydrate
81
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL VIA Ni-DOPED
ONTO CALCINED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST
Haniza Kahar*, Muhammad Farid Fitri Kamaronzaman, Norzahir Sapawe and Nazatulshima Hassan
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this research, nickel oxide metal supported onto calcined chicken eggshells (Ni-CCE) catalyst
was prepared via electrolysis method and subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) for
functional group determination. Several parameters have been conducted in order to study the
performance of Ni-CCE catalyst, such as methanol to oil molar ratio (8:1 to 24:1), metal loading
(0.1% to 1.0%), and catalyst dosage (0.91 g/L to 90.94 g/L). The results showed that the Ni-CCE
gave better performance compared to bare catalyst (no metal doped). The optimum condition
was obtained at 16:1 methanol to oil molar ratio using 9.09 g/L of 0.3%Ni-CCE catalyst under
65°C within 2 hrs of reaction time. Therefore, Ni-CCE shows a great potential as a economical
catalyst in the production of biodiesel.
Keywords: Ni-CCE catalyst, biodiesel, electrolysis, economical, FTIR analysis
82
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
METALS CONCENTRATION IN FRESH AND DRIED ANCHOVY
(Encrasicholina Devisi) FROM KUALA TERENGGANU
COASTAL WATER, MALAYSIA
Nik Mohmmad Azmi Nik-Nurasyikin and Mohd Yusoff Nurulnadia*
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This study focuses on quantifying metals concentration in fresh and dried anchovy
(Encrasicholina devisi) collected from Kuala Terengganu coastal waters. The samples were
digested according to acid digestion method and analyzed for Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese),
Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Ga (gallium), As (arsenic), Cd
(cadmium), and Pb (lead) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Perkin Elmer
Elan 9000 (ICP-MS). Dried anchovies showed an increment in concentration with exceptions
for Fe and As as compared to fresh anchovies (p>0.05). The values of estimated daily intake
(EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) showed that, As levels in the dried anchovy might
possess adverse health effects to the consumer especially age between 20 to 29 years old.
Keywords: metals, anchovy, boiled water, arsenic, Kuala Terengganu
83
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
INVESTIGATION OF TORREFACTION PROCESS PARAMETERS AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF TORREFIED EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES
Mohamad Azri Sukiran1,2*, Nasrin Abu Bakar2, Faisal Abnisa3, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud1,
Astimar Abdul Aziz2 and Soh Kheang Loh2
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,
50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi,
Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Torrefaction is a thermochemical process carried out in a temperature range between 200 to 300
ºC, under an inert atmosphere in the absence of oxygen or air. This pretreatment has been
recommended as an efficient way to enhance solid biofuel properties by removing the water,
reducing the hygroscopic range and increasing grindability and calorific value. The process is
influenced by many operating parameters including temperature, residence time, particle size,
type of biomass and moisture content. This study investigated the effects of torrefaction
temperature (225, 250 and 300 ºC), retention time (20, 40 and 60 min) and particle size (106-
250 and <106 µm) on the mass yield of torrefied EFB in a fixed bed reactor. Fuel properties of
torrefied EFB such as calorific value, ultimate and proximate analyses were also determined. It
was found that the highest solid yield (90.4%) was attainable after 20 min of torrefaction at 225
ºC. However, CV improved up to 25.7 MJ/kg as related to its raw form of 17.6 MJ/kg. The mass
and energy yields of torrefied EFB decreased when temperature and retention time were
increased. Particle size affects the mass yield but only to a lesser extent than temperature and
residence time. The outcomes of this study can be used to establish mass and energy balances
for the torrefaction process and serve as a foundation for its further optimization.
Keywords: torrefaction, empty fruit bunches, mass yield, calorific value, solid fuel
84
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
STABILIZATION OF PEAT SOIL USING MAGNESIA OXIDE
– A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Lily Suhaila Yacob* and Amelia Md Som
Green Chemistry & Sustainable Technology Cluster, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This research study the stabilization of peat soil from Pontian, Johor using magnesia oxide
(MgO) and garnet. Peat soil has been identified as one of the major groups of soils found in
Malaysia, which has high compressibility and low shear strength. Presence of soft or peaty soil
is a major problem in construction. In this research, Magnesia Oxide (MgO) is used as the soil
binder. This research investigates the optimum mix design of binder (Ordinary Portland Cement
and MgO) and filler (garnet and sand). The objective of this study was determined the strength
effects of of MgO on peat sample. Peat soil and binder were put inside 50 mm in diameter and
200 mm in length PVC pipe. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test were conducted to
determine the strength gain after 28 days of curing periods. The combination of OPC, MgO,
garnet and sand show better UCS value which is 273.98 kpa. The physical properties tests
conducted for this research were pH and moisture content. The pH was found to decrease with
increase binder while the optimum moisture content was found to decrease with the increase of
the binder content. The resulting low pH and insufficient moisture content may slow down the
hydration process and affect the stabilized peat soils hardening. Addition of binder altered the
engineering properties of peat soils.
Keywords: peat soil, magnesia oxide, unconfined compressive strength test, pH, moisture
content
85
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
TOXICITY STUDIES OF OXIDIZED PRODUCT OF 17α-
ETHINYLESTRADIOL (EE2) WHEN UNDERGO OXIDATION WITH
CATALYTIC POLYMER-CLAY FILMS
Nur Khairunnisa binti Nazri1*, Nabilah binti Ismail2 and Fatimah binti Hashim3
1Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Kuala Nerus, 21030, Malaysia 2Department of Biology, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Kuala Nerus, 21030, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Synthetic estrogen such as 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) known as one of the pharmaceuticals
found in waterways worldwide because of human utilization and excretion into wastewater
treatment system. In this study, catalytic polymer-clay film was used to treat EE2 the contaminate
water by concentrate and oxidize the pollutant. Polychloromethylstyrene was synthesis along
with the clay cloisite to form films which can anchor catalyst Iron-tetra amido microcylic ligand
(Fe-TAML). Fe-TAML works efficiently with hydrogen peroxide to activate the iron to higher
oxidation state for a film performance. Polymer-clay then was cast, cured, cross-linked and
functionalized to form a film that can bind the catalyst into it. Characterization of the films was
done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to determine the presence of the functional
group; and viscometer to investigate the viscosity which helps to treat EE2. Furthermore, the
toxicity studies of the oxidize product of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) when undergo oxidation
with catalytic polymer-clay films was investigated by using Acanthamoeba to determine the
toxicity of the oxidized solution towards the environment. The toxicity studies show that the film
was less toxic towards the environment. Hence, this film contributes in solving the problems
regarding contaminated water.
Keywords: 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), Fe-TAML, polychloromethylstyrene, catalytic poymer
clay
86
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SYNTHESIS OF NICKEL SUPPORTED ONTO CALCINED COCKLE SHELL
CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Aiman Nazmi Rosli*, Muhd Hasyir Mirza Dazriman and Norzahir Sapawe
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, the nickel supported calcined cockle shell (Ni-CCS) catalyst was synthesized using
sol-gel method. The FTIR analysis was conducted and confirmed the presence of CaO and Ni.
The result showed a maximum yield of 80.1% at catalyst loading of 10%Ni-CaO with 6:1
methanol to oil ratio at temperature of 59 oC for 3 h. Therefore, the Ni-CCS catalyst could be a
promising catalyst for biodiesel production.
Keywords: catalyst, biodiesel, nickel oxide, cockle shell, sol-gel process, transesterification
87
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIO OIL DERIVED FROM CONVENTIONAL
AND MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS
Noor Afiqah Mohd*, Siti Nurul Atikah Abdul Halim and Afifah Abd. Rahim
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,
78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of reaction temperature on conventional and microwave
pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and rice husk (RH) pellets. The experiments were carried
out at 500 and 800°C. It was revealed that temperature and heating method exert a significant
influence on product yield and distributions. Microwave pyrolysis resulted in 30-70% increase
in bio oil production compared to conventional pyrolysis. Conventional pyrolysis oils contained
significant amount of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to a lighter mono-
aromatics compounds found in microwave pyrolysis oils. Phenols constituted the majority of bio
oil composition, with increasing trend at high temperature particularly in microwave pyrolysis.
This implies the potential for rich syngas and environmental-friendly bio oil production through
microwave pyrolysis.
Keywords: pyrolysis, bio-oil, biomass, microwave
88
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHEMOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT FOR COBALT ION RECOGNITION
USING 2-ACETYLPYRAZINE THIOSEMICARBAZONE: EXPERIMENTAL
AND THEORETICAL APPROACH
Hakimah Ismail, Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad and Erna Normaya Abdullah*
Experimental and Theoretical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive chemosensor for recognizing Co2+ in water sample was optimized from
a heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone derivative named 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazone (AT).
The optimization of AT as chemosensor was conducted through RSM experiments using UV-
Vis spectroscopy. The interaction between AT and Co2+ was found to be optimum in 8:2 v/v
DMSO/water at pH 5.3, 100:70 μM AT/Co2+ concentration and 15 minutes reaction time. AT-
Co2+ interaction showed colorimetric response from colourless to orange, together with peak-
shifting in the absorption spectra from 327 nm to 450 nm. The detection limit of AT towards
Co2+ was found to be 3.75 μM while the binding stoichiometry of AT-Co2+ was 2:1. The
practicality of AT as chemosensor was tested using three different water samples spiked with
Co2+ in the optimized condition. The chemical interaction between AT and Co2+ was further
studied through computational studies. DFT calculations for molecular electron potential (MEP),
Fukui function and HOMO-LUMO interaction were used to support the experimental results.
Keywords: chemosensor, cobalt ion, 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazone, UV-Vis
spectroscopy, RSM, DFT calculation
89
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES OF RAW
WASTE TYRE THROUGH PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE AND
THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR FUEL PRODUCTION
Dzuhairy Ab. Taleb1,2*, Muzafar Zulkifli1, Raja Razuan Raja Deris2, Hamidah Abd Hamid1 and
Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya1
1Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET),
78000 Alor Gajah, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
This study evaluated the characteristics of raw waste tyre based on the proximate, ultimate and
thermal analysis. The raw waste tyre was pre-dried and crushed to 18 and 40 mesh sizes. The
proximate result indicates that larger particles of raw waste tyre sample by using 18 mesh screen
has a higher volatile matter and ash content than smaller particles. In contrast, the smaller
particles by using 40 mesh showed a higher fixed carbon content, with a resulting higher calorific
value. The ultimate analysis results also showed higher carbon content in the sample of smaller
particles than the larger particles. The thermal analysis of the two samples indicates that the
larger particle size took longer time to degrade than the smaller particle size. From the results, it
was concluded that a strategy of improving the feedstock quality by processing the raw waste
tyre to a smaller particle size could enhance the pyrolysis process and hence improve the yield
of fuel production.
Keywords: elemental analysis, proximate analysis, thermal analysis, particle size
90
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
WASTE GLASS BASED CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
Tanussha Tamil Selvan1 and Tan Yen Ping1,2*
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Laboratory 128, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
The growing concern for environmental preservation combined with the possibility of depletion
of energy obtained from fossil fuels has driven industry to develop alternative fuels from
renewable resources and environmentally non-aggressive processes. Biodiesel is an important
alternative fuel whose properties are similar to those of petrodiesel. The present study focuses
on the transesterification of cooking oil into biodiesel using glass waste (GW) as a solid base
catalyst. The GW catalyst was prepared by calcination at 600ºC for 3 hours to facilitate doping
with monovalent, bivalent and trivalent compounds. The prepared GW catalysts were
characterized using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), which proved the existence of silicon
dioxide; Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), indicated the minimal weight loss in the samples;
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to check for the functional groups
present and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed images of the surface of GW catalyst.
The optimum reaction conditions determined are reaction time of 2 hours, methanol to oil ratio
of 1:6 and GW catalyst dosage of 0.3% to obtain maximum biodiesel yield up to 90%.
Furthermore, the GW catalyst has relatively good stability and strong ability to be reused for up
to three cycles without significant deactivation.
Keywords: biodiesel, transesterification, glass waste (GW), calcination
91
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EXTRACTION OF 4-OCTYLPHENOL AND 4-NONYLPHENOL FROM
RIVER WATER USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH
PEFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Mohd Zahid Baharom, Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff*, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan
Mohd Khalik
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A preliminary analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with high
performance liquid chromatography – photometric diode array (HPLC-PDA) was developed to
determine the mixture of 4-octylphenol (4-OP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in river water samples.
The optimum working conditions were secured with 200 ml sample loading and eluted with 10
ml of methanol and acetone (1:1, v/v) as reconstitution solvents. Acetonitrile and deionized water
(80:20) were used as mobile phase and 225 nm as the optimum wavelength. Good linearity for
the mixture of 4-OP and 4-NP were obtained in the range of 0.0015 – 0.008 mg/L and the
regression coefficient, R2, were 0.9586 and 0.9170, respectively. Limit of detections and
quantifications for 4-OP and 4-NP were calculated at LOD = 0.7 and 1.6 µg/L and LOQ = 2.3
and 5.2 µg/L, respectively. The recovery percentages obtained for 4-OP was calculated with 81.1
± 4.85% and 4-NP with 37.0 ± 6.41%. Repeatability for 4-OP and 4-NP have shown good
performance with low relative standard deviation with 5.20% and 2.53%, respectively. The
measured concentration of 4-OP was ranged from 0.81 to 1.4 µg/L and 4-NP was detected below
detection limit (<1.6 µg/L). Overall, the method proposed was sensitive towards 4-OP but
improvement of method needed to be done for 4-NP.
Keywords: 4-octyphenol, 4-nonylphenol, emerging pollutant, SPE, water quality, HPLC-PDA.
92
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID REMOVAL OF PALM OIL MILL
EFFLUENT (POME) VIA OPTIMIZATION OF MODIFIED
ELECTROCOAGULATION
Rusmawarni Ramli* and Mohammad Fadhil Alias
Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of
Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Kawasan Industri Taboh Naning,
78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Wastewater defined as 99.0% of water and 1.0% of solid content. Lately in Malaysia’s especially
there are a lot of research majoring in wastewater treatment focusing on the costing reduction
demand and to improve the quality of water discharge. Removal of total suspended solid (TSS)
is one of criteria stressed in the wastewater treatment since TSS surely make the other parameters
such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and odour poorly
are out of the range which have stated in the Malaysia regulation and acts for both domestic and
industry effluent respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in order to
optimize three significant variables in order to remove the total suspended solids in palm oil mill
effluent (POME). At the end of validation of optimum condition, 85.3% of TSS content in the
POME were removed using electrocoagulation applied. The optimum condition of significant
variables study were time of coagulation process at 23.2 minutes, followed by stirring factor at
only 15 rpm and dilution factor of POME itself at ratio 1:102 mg/L.
Keywords: response surface methodology (RSM), optimization, palm oil mill effluent (POME),
total suspended solid (TSS), coagulation, wastewater treatment
93
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY
SYNTHESIS OF DITHIOCARBAZATE TRANSITION METAL SCHIFF
BASE COMPLEXES AND ITS CATALYTIC STUDY OF
CYCLOHEXANE OXIDATION
Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir*, Ali Ahmed Alshaheri, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman and
Thahira Begum
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Schiff bases and their complexes can act as catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of organic
compounds. Schiff base complexes of transition metals can be used for catalytic oxidation of
hydrocarbons in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and hydrogen peroxide. The
oxidation of cyclohexane is an important oxidation reaction for industrial applications as their
products; cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol also known as K-A oil, are very important for the
production of nylon 6,6 and nylon-6 polymers, plastics, lubricant additives, fibers and are
intermediate for pharmaceuticals. In this work, dithiocarbazate Schiff bases derived from the
condensation of S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC) and S-benzyldithiocarbazate (SBDTC) with
2,6-diacetylpyridine (diAP) and 1,3-diacetylbenzene (diAC) and their Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(II),
Co(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been successfully synthesized in ethanol and
characterized using several physico-chemical techniques. The oxidation of cyclohexane by the
prepared metal complexes as catalysts has been investigated in the presence of tert-
butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidative source under mild
conditions at 4h, 70ºC, 0.09 mmol catalyst and 20 mmol oxidant. The product was analysed
using gas chromatography and it was found that cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are the main
products for the oxidation reaction. All the transition metal complexes of the Schiff bases showed
activity toward oxidation of cyclohexane. Time of the reaction, temperature, and the
concentration of TBHP and catalyst influenced the selectivity and conversion of the cyclohexane
oxidation.
Keywords: dithiocarbazate, Schiff base, complex, transition metal, cyclohexane, oxidation
94
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DIRECT CARBOXYLATION OF CRUDE GLYCEROL OVER LANTHANUM
OXIDE AND IMPACT OF IMPURITIES
Nurul Ashraf Razali1*, Marco Conte2 and James McGregor3
1School of Ocean Engineering, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
2Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK 3Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street,
Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The commercialisation of biodiesel has generated large amount of crude glycerol reaching 8.41
million tons per year, and the concentration of CO2 has continuously increased above 411 ppm
in February 2019. The aim of this work is to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and crude glycerol
into glycerol carbonate in the presence of La2O3.Crude glycerol consists of glycerol, methanol,
residual catalyst from biodiesel synthesis, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and water. The
presence of these impurities limit the direct conversion of crude glycerol and a low selectivity
to glycerol carbonate. The selectivity to glycerol carbonate when using crude glycerol is
significantly reduced to 2.3% as compared to employing pure glycerol, 17%. Model systems
consisting of pure glycerol and water, methanol, FAME (methyl palmitate, 97%), and sodium
methoxide have been prepared and used as reaction media to systematically evaluate their effect.
Addition of methanol to glycerol improved the GlyC selectivity; and may be related to improve
mass transfer through enhancing the miscibility of glycerol and CO2. In contrast, the addition of
1 wt.% NaOMe, 10 wt.% water and 10 wt.% FAME all have a negative impact on selectivity to
GlyC reducing this to 11%, 3% and 1% respectively. A high conversion of glycerol, > 73%, and
low selectivity to GlyC, > 4%, were observed upon the addition of methyl palmitate. It is
assumed that the addition of FAME was promoted the glycerolysis of methyl ester. The
separation of FAMEs and crude glycerol is crucial in order to obtain high purity of crude
glycerol, thus improved the chances of the production of GlyC from the direct carboxylation of
crude glycerol. Addition of methanol has a positive impact on selectivity to glycerol carbonate;
hence, 5 wt.% methanol to crude glycerol resulted in an increased in selectivity to 10%; this is
coupled with a decrease in glycerol conversion to 38%. It is crucial to be cautious when
comparing selectivities among different reactions as the overall conversions achieved differ
significantly.
Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis, glycerol, glycerol carbonate, CO2 utilisation, lanthanum
oxide
95
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
OPTIMIZATION OF MONTMORILLONITE K10 ION-EXCHANGE WITH
Fe3+ FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Syahirah Yahya1 and Farah Wahida Harun1,2*
1Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan
2Frontier Materials Research Group, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM),
Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The modification of montmorillonite K10 with Fe3+ was investigated in terms of optimum ion-
exchange. The montmorillonite K10 was modified using 0.5 M (method 1) and 1.0 M (method
2) FeCl3 by simply stiring method with closed cap system. As improvement, the modification
method was upgraded by using 20 % FeCl3 by simply stirring up to mold, slury mixture (Method
3). The capacity of ion exchange was tested by using SEM/EDX. It was found that 1.21 % Fe
composition increased by using method 1 and 2.66 % Fe increased by using method 2. The
highest Fe was detected by using method 3 with 5.23 % increment. As the correlation, the effect
of Fe increment on acidity was studied by using TPD-NH3. Naturally, the montmorillonite K10
possessed 0.232 mmol/g of acidity. The result found that the acidity increased with the increasing
of metal concentration and the highest acidity was detected by 20% Fe-MMT K10 (14.261
mmol/g). The application of montmorillonite K10 on biodiesel production increased the yield
up to 38.39 % compared to reaction without catalyst (26.80 %). 66.54 % and 69.32 % biodiesel
produced from 0.5M and 1.0M Fe-MMT K10 while an outstanding yield was produced by using
20 % Fe-MMT K10 (84.58 %). Therefore, 20 % Fe-MMT 10 was selected for further biodiesel
optimization via conventional method. 96.49 % biodiesel was succesfully produced with 28.65
% free fatty acid conversion at 150 °C, 6 h, 12:1 methanol:oil and 4 wt %. The investigations on
free fatty acid conversion and fatty acid methyl esters yield proved the bi-functional criterion of
Montmorillonite K10 that can be used for both esterification and transesterification reactions,
simultaneously.
Keywords: montmorillonite K10, ion-exchange, Iron (III) ion (Fe3+), simultaneous
esterification-transesterification, biodiesel, waste cooking oil
96
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 7-HYDROXYCOUMARIN
CONTAINING NEW TYPE OF PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS AND
INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Aminu Dauda*
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156,
Jigawa State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this research, phthalonitrile was synthesized from the reaction of 7-hydroxycoumarin with
3-nitrophthalonitrile in DMF. Cyclotetramerization of phthalonitrile in the presence of metal
salts, (Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Fe(II)) gave peripherally substituted metal phthalocyanine
complexes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by a combination
of microanalysis, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Solubility of metal
phthalocyanine complexes found to be very low in common laboratory solvent. The electronic
spectrum of NiPc, CuPc, and ZnPc in DMF, shows intense Q absorption at 690 nm. The Q
band absorptions were observed at 678 nm, for CoPc, and FePc. The thermal stability of the
phthalocyanine derivatives was checked by T.G.A. It was, therefore, concluded that the metal
phthalocyanines prepared in this study showed suitably high thermal stability and can be used
for various applications.
Keywords: phthalocyanine, 3-phthalonitrile, electrochemistry, thermal analysis
97
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF 4-NITROPHENYLPALMITATE BY
CANDIDA RUGOSA LIPASE ENCAPSULATED WITHIN ZIF-8
Noor Fazrieyana Hamidon1, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir2, Muhammad Alif Mohamad Latif 1,3,
Emilia Abdulmalek1,2 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2*
1Biorganic Synthesis Lab, Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Ester hydrolysis has been extensively studied using catalyst and biocatalyst. Throughout
research, catalytic activity of encapsulated lipase within ZIF-8 particles were confirmed by
powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and
Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX). Prior to be used
in fine chemical reaction, the activity of the trapped lipase was studied on hydrolysis of p-
nitrophenylpalmitate. The yellow colored product was detected at 401 nm. The optimization of
selected parameters including temperature, lipase loading within ZIF-8 particles and rotational
speed were done and the optimized conditions are 40 mg of CRL@ZIF-8, 200 rpm rotational
speed at 70oC for 30 minutes reaction. The relative activity of CRL@ZIF-8 are higher than free
CRL showing the amazing performance in the presence of ZIF-8 as the protecting capsule
against extreme condition thus affecting their performance in better way.
Keywords: lipase, encapsulated lipase, ZIF-8, p-nitrophenylpalmitate
98
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDATIVE
EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SELECTED CURCUMA SPECIES
Noor Izzatie Munira Kamaruddin1, Nor Azah Mohd Ali2, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin3 and Muhd Fauzi
Safian4*
1,3,4 Faculty of Applied Science Univesiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
2 Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) were extracted by hydrodistillation with percentage a yield of 1.3053%,
0.7106% and 0.7744%, from rhizomes of C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria respectively. The
primary chemical constituents of C. longa were ar-turmerone (34.07%), (Z)-γ-atlantone
(10.84%) and para-cymene (5.50%); for C.caesia essential oil were curzerene (21.75%),
germacrone (16%) and camphor (15.5%); and lastly for C.zedoaria were camphor (15.04%),
curzerenone (9.80%) and α-zingiberene (9.48%); which were observed and analyzed gas
chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) system. In antimicrobial activity, three methods were applied, namely,
well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC). C. longa demonstrated no sensitivity, while C. caesia and C. zedoaria
demonstrated moderate to low sensitivity toward Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus
(ATCC 11778), Salmonella spp. (ATCC 14028) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 13048).
In contrast, C. longa demonstrated moderate to low sensitivity while C. caesia and C. zedoaria
demonstrated no sensitivity Aspergillus spp. (ATCC 16404) and Penicillium spp (ATCC 10106).
MIC for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria to constrain the growth of gram positive and gram
negative bactreria are 100 µg/ml, 100-400 µg/ml and 200-400 µg/ml respectively. The MBC for
C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria are 200-300 µg/ml, 200-300 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. The
average total phenolic content for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria are 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.07 ±
0.01 and 0.17 ± 0.00 expressed in GAE/g unit respectively. The average of ferric reducing
antioxidant activity for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria are 0.15 ± 0.01 µM TE/g, 0.12 ±
0.18 µM TE/g and 0.30 ± 0.01 µM TE/g respectively. Inhibition (%) of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical by scavenging activityn for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria
are 77.74%, 86.35% and 57.18% respectively. C. zedoaria showed the highest antioxidant
activity with 2.22 ± 0.35 µg/ml, which indicate an average β-carotene bleaching assay followed
by C. longa and C.caesia with 2.19 ± 0.07 µg/ml and 1.84 ± 0.15 µg/ml respectively. In
conclusion, the results presented here demonstrate that curcuma essential oil could be considered
as a natural source for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Keywords: curcuma longa, curcuma zedoaria, curcuma caesia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, 1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
99
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ENHANCEMENT OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTED CORE-SHELL
MICROSPHERE RESPONSE TO VANILLIN BY DELAYED
TERPOLYMERIZATION
Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof1*, Takaomi Kobayashi2 and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim3
1*Section of Polymer Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988
Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka. Malaysia 2Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1,
Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188 Japan 3School of Chemical Sciences, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Vanillin-imprinted microspheres of terpolymerized methacrylic acid (MAA)-co-vanillin
methacrylate (VMA) has been prepared on polydivinylbenzene spheres by step-wise
precipitation polymerization with delayed monomer addition. The homogeneous solution of
divinylbenzene (DVB) was first polymerized at 65oC in an acetone/water mixture for the cored
sphere formation. Both MAA and VMA were then added to the precipitated DVB solution with
delayed times of 0, 2.5, 3 and 6 hours. After the terpolymer mixture was kept at room temperature
for 24 hours, the resulting spherical microspheres were purified. The spherical size of
terpolymers was determined with laser diffraction and found to be approximately 1.2 µm in
diameter. The terpolymers were then used for separation of vanillin mixture solution which
contained vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and syringaldehyde. The binding efficiency of the
imprinted microspheres increased with a delayed time of 3 hours. Overall, a binding efficiency
of 78 mmol/g was achieved. The imprinted activity for vanillin recognition was influenced by
the terpolymerization process.
Keywords: vanillin-imprinted microspheres, delayed terpolymerization, separation factor
100
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EFFECT OF THERMAL PRO-OXIDANT AND CARBON BLACK
SUBSTITUTION ON PHOTO-THERMAL DEGRADATION OF
LDPE/BIOCHAR COMPOSITES
Khaliesah Abbas1, Muhammad Aiman Sukri1, Raja Nazrul Hakim Raja Nazri1, Siew Kooi Ong1
Soh Kheang Loh2 and Robert Thomas Bachmann1*
1Section of Polymer and Environmental Engineering Technology, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur,
78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia 2Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6,
Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Thermal pro-oxidant additive is commonly used to induce degradation of low-density
polyethylene (LDPE) based polybags and mulching films. The presence of ultraviolet (UV)
stabilizer of maximum 1.0 wt. % is added into the polybags or mulching films to extend its
service life. Carbon black which functions as filler and UV stabilizer is incorporated in these
applications. Our study explores the possibility to substitute the fossil-fuel based carbon black
with renewable carbonized palm kernel shells (BC). The UV stabilizing capability of BC is
unknown thus, various loading of thermal pro-oxidant and its effect on the biotic degradation of
LDPE will be the focus of this study. The biocomposite prepared consist of low-density
polyethylene (LDPE) mixed with BC and ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer at 20 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%,
respectively while varying thermal pro-oxidant loading (0 to 1.0 wt.%). Virgin LDPE was used
as negative control. The photo-thermal degradation of the biocomposites was induced in an air
convection oven at 50°C under ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. The melting point (Tm) and degree
of crystallinity (Xc) of the biocomposites were determined by differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC) prior and after the photo-thermal degradation induction. The results showed that the
melting point and Xc of LDPE/BC were not affected by thermal pro-oxidant loadings prior to
the photo-thermal degradation induction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results
revealed that the carbonyl index for all biocomposites samples incorporated with thermal pro-
oxidant showed significant changes after 1488 hrs in a concentration – dependent manner. The
biocomposites with 1.0 wt.% thermal pro oxidant loading was the fastest to reached
embrittlement point of 0.3 at 1872 hrs.
Keywords: abiotic degradation, photo-thermal degradation, pro-oxidant, polyethylene, carbon
black, biochar
101
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF AQUOUES INFUSION
AND JUICING OF BENTONG GINGER
T.A Faiz T. Anuar1*, Fiona How Ni Foong1* and Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir2
1Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science
2Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science International Islamic University Malaysia,
Kuantan Campus, 25200 IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Cancer is a rising global epidemic that is the leading cause of dead. In Malaysia, breast and colon
cancer is the highest cancer cases according to statistics. Ginger, a herbal plant utilized either in
cooking or as medicine have been known to possess cytotoxic properties through solvent
extraction soxhlet method. To date, there is no report on the cytotoxic properties of aqueous
infusion and juicing extracts. Thus, this study will focus on the aqueous infusion and juice
extraction as to provide ginger as ethno medicine to treat cancer. In this research, bentong ginger,
a native ginger cultured in Malaysia was extracted using infusion method with distilled water at
temperature of 60 ºC and 98 ºC and also juicing method. Then, cytotoxic activities were
evaluated against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell line (HT-29) using MTT
method. The antioxidant, DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content, TPC, are also
conducted to support the cytotoxic properties of the bentong ginger. It is found that all the extract
exhibit potent cytotoxic agent with good antioxidant properties.
Keywords: antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, aqueous infusion, juicing, bentong ginger
102
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND
FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PSEUDOBULB OF
DENDROBIUM CRUMENATUM SWARTZ
Siti Aisyah Mohamed Diah1*, Nur Hidayah Abd Razak1, Nabilah Ismail1, Nurhayati Yusuf1,
Nurul Aliaa Idris1, Razifah Mohd Razali1, Zamzahaila Mohd Zain2 and Nurul Ulfah Karim3.
1School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
2School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Orchids are nature's most extravagant group of flowering epiphyte distributed throughout the
world from tropics to high alpine. Orchid value due to its therapeutic value and upon consumed
by ancient folks as tonic and fever remedies especially those originate from Dendrobium genus.
Dendrobium crumenatum swartz. or known as pegion orchid is one of the famous orchid species
due to the presence of secondary metabolites in this plant such as alkaloid, flavonoid, and
phenolic compounds which give medicinal values toward this epiphyte. This orchid is easily
grown but has low commercial value due to its small white flowers that do not interest orchid
enthusiasts. Qualitative study which is phytochemical screening on the extract have been done
to test the presence of secondary metabolites in ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum. Quantitative
study towards crude ethanolic extract such as total phenolic content and total flavonoid content
have been assessed. The presence of active compounds in the extract lead to the positive results
of antioxidant activity which have been done through DPPH assay, FRAP assay, hydrogen
peroxide scavenging assay, and total antioxidant activity. Studies have shown that ethanolic
extract of D. Crumenatum exhibit potential antioxidant activity in retarding the free radical chain
due to the presence of active secondary metabolites.
Keywords: pegion orchid, phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites, antioxidant
activity.
103
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
CHEMICALLY MODIFIED BENTONITE EFFECT THE PREPARATION AND
PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE-BASED COMPOSITES
Noor Faizah Che Harun*, Ain Nazira Mohamad Nazri, Raja Nazrul Hakim and Yusriah Lazim1
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET)
Lot 1988, Taboh Naning Vendor City, 78000, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Polymer composite is a promising hybrid material that was tremendously been studied in various
fields of application. Polystyrene is one of favorite polymer that had been used in producing
polymer composite with silica, alumina, and other inorganic substances through several
syntheses approaches. In this study, the preparation and properties of polystyrene (PS)-bentonite
using chemically modified bentonite with a quartenary ammonium surfactant, centrimonium
bromide (CTAB) had been investigated. In this study, two synthesis methods had been used to
prepare PS/bentonite, i.e., (a) emulsion polymerization of styrene in order to investigate the
surfactant functionality of CTAB, and (b) bulk polymerization of styrene in order to investigate
the initiator functionality of CTAB. PS-bentonite had been prepared at 1%, 2% and 6% of
bentonite feeding ratio to styrene for both methods. As the results, PS-bentonite could not be
prepared through emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium at any feeding ratios of bentonite
to styrene. However, interestingly PS-bentonite was succesfully be prepared through bulk
polymerization of styrene. FTIR and TGA analyses were conducted for PS-bentonite that
prepared at feeding ratio 2% in order to confirm the functional group and the thermal stability
of obtained polymer composite. The results showed that PS-bentonite clay functional group
appeared in FTIR analysis at the expected peak confirmed the inclusion of bentonite in the PS
matrix. Moreover, TGA results showed the enhancement in the onset temperature of PS-
bentonite (2%) at 452.81°C. In conclusion, the chemically modified bentonite with CTAB
successfully performed the bulk polymerization and shows the enhancement in thermal stability
of polymer composites.
Keywords: polymer composites, CTAB-bentonite, emulsion polymerization, bulk
polymerization,
104
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF
3,5-DISUBSTITUTED THIADIAZINE DERIVATIVES
Dayang Fatin Nadhirah Abang Sapani* and Fiona How Ni Foong
Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,
International Islamic University Malaysia (Kuantan Campus), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah,
Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Thiadiazine and their substituted derivatives have drawn attention due to their versatility to be
customized into various structures and exhibit many biological applications. Most of the
thiadiazine derivatives have been synthesised and applied in many applications such as
antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antiprotozoan, antidermatophytic and also a
prodrug for antihelmintic activity. This study aimed to synthesise four new derivatives of
thiadiazine via one-pot reaction using carbon disulphide, potassium hydroxide and amines of
benzylamine and 3-picolylamine as the substituents. These substituted derivatives were
characterised using various physico-chemical characterisation that includes, melting point
determination, CHNS elemental analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, 1H & 13C NMR spectroscopy and
single crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic properties of these derivatives were also evaluated
against two types of cancer cell lines, which were Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Human
Colon Cancer (HT29). Derivatives containing more nitrogen atoms, which has 3-picolylamine
as substituent on both sides of the core structure of thiadiazine showed better effect on the
cytotoxicity than lesser ones. This is due to the increase of lipophilicity of the thiadiazine
structure thus improve the activity of their substituted derivatives.
Keywords: thiadiazine, tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione, synthesis, cytotoxicity
105
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
BIOANALYSIS
IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR AND DATA VALIDATION OF
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN KACIP FATIMAH AS HERBAL PRODUCTS
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN MARKETS
Noorazwani Zainol1*, Nazurah Mohd Azman2, Mohd Eeyad Arief Mohd Nor Asri3 and Harisun Yaakob1
1Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Pasir Gudang,
81750, Masai, Malaysia 3Faculty Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Dissolution behaviour of active ingredients has a significant effect on their pharmacological
activity. In fact, it is considered as one of the most important quality control tests to predict their
bioavailability. In this study dissolution profile was carried out using model independent
included ratio test and fit factors comply with FDA guidelines. The parameters of test ratio are
mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE) while the fit factors are difference
factor (f1) and similar factor (f2). These parameters were employed to compare in-vitro
dissolution behaviour which were tested using different media; 0.1 M HCl, 30% EtOH, acetate
buffer (pH 4.8) and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Three brands of Kacip Fatimah (I,II,III) were
compared. The active ingredients namely galic acid in all samples was also validated using a
reverse-phase HPLC. Results obtained indicate that the dissolution efficiency for active
ingredients for all brands were not significantly different however, gallic acid in all brands
showed the highest solubility in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 compared to the other three media used.
Meanwhile, product I showed the highest amount of galic acid released compared to product II
and product III. Using fit factors, all brands showed similarity in results. Contents of the galic
acid for all samples analysed via HPLC were close in the formulation based on daily doses. Both
results from in-vitro dissolution and HPLC test could be applied for quality control of active
ingredients for Kacip Fatimah as herbal medicinal products available in markets.
Keywords: model independent method, in-vitro dissolution behaviour, quality control, herbal
medicinal products
106
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SCREENING OF NATURAL COLOURS FROM VARIOUS NATURAL
RESOURCES AS A POTENTIAL OF RE-USEABLE VISUAL
INDICATOR
Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim1*, Nurdiyana Husin2, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor 2,
Ismail Fitry Mohammad Rashedi3 and Zaida Rahayu Yet 1
1 Section of Technical Foundation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 3 Faculty of Science and Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang,
43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Natural colours have emerged as an alternative source of colours due to the high demand and
public sensitivity towards the risk of using synthetic colors. However, the scientific literature
that relates to bio-colour as a tool for food freshness detection is still limited. This study aims to
screen of natural colours from butterfly pea, red cabbage, turmeric, and beetroot as a visual
indicator in monitoring the food freshness. The study was carried out in three stages, which are
the extraction of natural colour, the absorption of natural colours on the paper indicator, and the
application of visual indicators on the real sample. The results showed that all visual indicators
changed their colours towards the spoilage of meat in 24 hours of monitoring at room
temperature. The most significant colour changed was observed on the natural colour from
butterfly pea as compared with other natural resources. HS-SPME-GC analysis confirmed the
present of methylamine as the main volatile compound from the spoilage meat, which
contributes to the colour changed of the visual indicators. FTIR analysis of used indicators
indicated the presence of amine compound (N-H) which aligned with the result of HS-SPME-
GC. The used visual indicators turned back to initial colour and characteristic, which provide the
possibility for the fabrication of re-useable visual indicators in the future.
Keywords: natural colour, visual indicator, meat freshness
107
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PHYSICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF
FUNCTIONAL PH PROBE PVC MEMBRANE FOR DETERMINATION
OF TOTAL ALKALINITY
Azrilawani Ahmad*, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Hafiza Mohamed Zuki
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A pH probe membrane was successfully synthesised using polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
chromoionophore I (CI), different additives (KTFPB and ETH500), plasticiser o-nitrophenyl
octyl ether (NPOE) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Membrane casting method was applied during
the preparation of the membrane. In order to evaluate the performance of the functional PVC
membrane, physical characterisation such as scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total
reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy and tensile were conducted. Electrochemical
characterisation was carried out using glassy carbon and gold electrodes, in order to identify the
presence of electroactive species and to examine the behaviour of the membrane under
electrochemical environment. The voltammetric measurement was conducted in 2.5 mM
ferricyanide/ferrocyanide in 0.1 M KCl redox probe, at potential range of -0.2 - +0.6 V with the
scan rate of 50 mV/s. The performance of PVC membrane using different additives was
compared and analysed.
Keywords: polymeric functional membrane, PVC, voltammetry, total alkalinity
108
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PRELIMINARY STUDY IN DISCOVERING 2-GERANYLPHENOL FROM
LANSIUM DOMESTICUM LEAVES AS OXIDATION AND TYROSINASE
INHIBITOR FOR ANTI-AGING AND SKIN WHITENING AGENTS:
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY
Nur Diana Abdul Razak1, Erna Normaya Abdullah1, Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah2, Kamaruzzaman Yunus1
and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad1*
1Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,
International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resource Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan,
Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor have been recognized as one of the most important ingredients used
in cosmetic industries. These ingredients are commonly utilized to counter skin concern faced by middle-
aged woman regarding aging and hyperpigmentation problems. Phenolic compounds were identified to
be one of the effective compound that can exert both antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Therefore,
this research sought to identify a novel phenolic compound from Lansium domestium (L. domesticum)
leaves as a new potential antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitors. The phenolic compounds were extracted
using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique following the treatment combinations by response
surface methodology (RSM) that investigated the possible interaction between three variables which were
pressure (2900 - 4300 psi), temperature (40 - 70 ℃) and extraction time (60 - 120 min). The optimized
extraction variables were found at 3800 psi, 53 ℃ and 90 min. The overall model was significant (p <
0.05) with satisfactory R2 value of 0.9997. The combination of GC-MS and PCA method showed several
phenolic compounds were present in the L. domesticum leaves extracts and 2-geranylphenol was predicted
to be tyrosinase inhibitor because it showed considerable chemical properties with the control,
hydroquinone. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay
using different concentration of L. domesticum leaves extracts. The highest antioxidant activity was
observed at 300 ppm of the plant extract. The COSMO-RS result also confirmed that the 2-geranylphenol
was successfully extracted by using carbon dioxide as solvent. MEP and molecular docking were done
to identify and investigate the key structural features of 2-geranylphenol that are important for their
activity and the interaction that contribute to tyrosinase inhibition respectively. The overall result showed
that 2-geranylphenol has a potential to replace hydroquinone as tyrosinase inhibitor in cosmetic industry.
Keywords: Salasa Adulis, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), response surface methodology (RSM),
COSMO RS, molecular docking
109
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ATLANTIC MACKEREL (SCOMBER
SCOMBRUS SP) AND MIXED FISH PROCESSING WASTE STREAMS
BY LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITION AND RADICAL
SCAVENGING ACTIVITY
Nor Raihana Mohamed Zam*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,
Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The fish processing waste protein hydrolysate can be a potential solution for minimizing the
environmental issues related to marine processing products, and act as an alternative to
producing value added fish processing by products. The main aim of this study was to investigate
the physicochemical properties of fish processing waste streams from Atlantic Mackerel
(Scomber scombrus) and mixed fish by membrane separation. Protein hydrolysates of Atlantic
Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and mixed fish from fish waste streams were prepared by
enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin and pancreatin and measured for their antioxidant and
functional properties. The chemical composition (moisture, protein, total lipids and ash) of the
Atlantic mackerel and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) fish fillets (FF) compared to fish waste (FW)
was also investigated. The mechanism of antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH, FRAP, FTC
and TBARS assays. It was demonstrated that fish waste water protein hydrolysate especially for
Atlantic Mackerel showed good antioxidant activities by the Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) and
Thiobarbituric acid Reactive substances (TBARS) methods and compared well with other
antioxidants (BHA, ascorbic acid and trolox). There was significant difference (p-value < 0.05)
between samples and negative control (no antioxidant). DPPH scavenging activity increased
with the extract concentration in the range of 1.5-26 %. In FRAP assay, both samples showed
that there was an increase in absorbance with an increase in concentration.
Keywords: fish processing, protein hydrolysate, enzymatic hydrolysis, antioxidant
110
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
FATTY ACID PROFILING OF EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES, GERRES
FILAMENTOSUS AND LATES CALCARIFER FROM THE ESTUARY
OF TERENGGANU, EAST COAST PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-FLAME IONIZATION
Sabiqah Tuan Anuar*1, Chan Yu Bin2, Ng Yih Ning1, Kwan Yee Sang1, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim1 and Loh
Saw Hong1
1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,
31900 Perak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Lipid in muscle and liver of Asian sea bass (siakap, Lates calcarifer), whipfin mojarra (kapas-kapas,
Gerres filamentosus) and orange-spotted grouper (kerapu pinang, Epinephelus coioides) from Setiu
Wetland, Terengganu were extracted and converted to fatty acid acyl esters (FAAE) before being
analyzed for their fatty acid compositions and profiles. Aquaculture L. calcarifer together with wild E.
coioides and G. filamentosus from Setiu Wetland Estuary, Terengganu, Malaysia were caught during the
Northeast Monsoon season. It was found that fatty acid compositions in fish oil from muscle and liver of
locally grown L. calcarifer showed highest amount of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 35.73% and 53.26%
respectively). Only liver of E. coioides and G. filamentosus show the highest composition for SFAs;
36.56% and 74.26%, while fish oil from muscle of both species contained high amount of
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 58.40% and 46.06%, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFAs) was the least composition in all FAAE fish oil samples. Among the fatty acids found in L.
calcarifer tissue, C24:1 has the highest portion (31.14%), this followed by C16:0 (19.42%) and C18:1n9
(18.02%). In liver, C16:0 was the predominant fatty acid with 33.88% from the total fatty acid and
followed by C18:1n9(16.67%) and C24:1 (13.30%). Similar pattern was shown in the FAAE profile for
wild fishes where the most dominat fatty acid in the muscle of E. coioidesis are C24:1 (37.93%) followed
by C16:0 (17.41%), while in the liver are predominantly consist of C16:0 (21.73%), C20:5n3 (20.91%)
and C18:n9 (19.08%). For the muscle of G. filamentosus, C24:1 has the highest portion (25.93%),
followed by C16:0 (21.03%) and DHA C22:2 (14.50%). In the liver of this fish, no PUFAs was recorded
with the higest fatty acid composition is C16:0 (49.08%), followed by C18:1n9 (17.30%) and C18:0
(17.40%). In overall, extracted fish oil from both tissue and liver in Terengganu species had highest
amount of MUFAs and SFAs. This could be due to salinity, temperature of estuary water, different dietary
intake during the monsoon season.
Keywords: fatty acid profile, fatty acid acyl esters, fish oils, siakap, kapas-kapas, kerapu, setiu wetlands
111
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
VARIABILITY OF THE FLAVONOID METABOLITES IN CARICA
PAPAYA LEAVES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY AND MULTIVARIATE
DATA ANALYSIS
Norazlan Mohmad Misnan1, Low Kah Hin2, Adlin Afzan1, Mohd Isa Wasiman1 and Ami Fazlin Syed
Mohamed1
1Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research,
Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Carica papaya leaves are widely reported to contain many bioactive metabolites including
flavanoids, which their concentrations may vary with respect to leaves maturity and the plant
sexual reproduction type. The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristic metabolites and
to explore variability of flavonoid content in the leaf extracts using liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry coupled with pattern recognition techniques. A total of twenty-four metabolite
compounds including twelve flavonoids, four hydroxycinnamic acids, three alkaloids, one
coumarin and four organic acids have been identified; six of the dominant flavonoids were
quantified and subjected to multivariate analyses. Both principal component analysis and
hierarchical cluster analysis were showed distinct flavonoid contents according to shoot, young
and old leaf samples. Despite part of variation was originated from the sexual type, old leaves
are generally associated with lower flavonoids content whereas young leaves could be
discriminated from shoot samples in terms of clitorin, rutin, and nicotiflorin concentrations. The
variability of the flavonoid composition may affect the pharmacological properties of the related
phytopharmaceuticals.
Keywords: classification, chemometrics, fingerprinting, metabolomics, maturity
112
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DEVELOPMENT OF ACETOBACTER XYLINUM GROWTH PROFILE
METHOD VIA TOTAL PROTEIN ANALYSIS
Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah*, Jessica Harriette Supang John and Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,
Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Acetobacter xylinum is a well-known bacterial cellulose producer. However, the information on
its growth profile is limited. The available information is only depending on turbidimetry method
which has less accuracy. It is known that A. xylinum secrete ribbon-like polymer cellulose
through the cell wall which will distract the results of cell growth by turbidimetry method.
Hence, this study aims to investigate a rapid and accurate method for Acetobacter xylinum
growth via total protein analysis. The fermentation process was carried out in static culture
condition using Hestrin Shramn medium at room temperature and pH of 6.4 for 19 days. The
conventional methods used for bacterial growth determination includes cell dry weight, viable
plate count and turbidimetry. Whilst protein quantification assay via Lowry’s method was
carried out to measure the total protein content of the cells. The intracellular protein was
extracted out from the bacteria cells using 3% (w/v) KOH solution prior to protein quantification.
It was found that growth profile obtained via total protein analysis has similar pattern with other
conventional methods. Moreover, the method is more accurate and less time-consuming
compared to viable plate count and cell dry weight. The growth curve obtained present four
significant microbial growth phases: lag phase (day 0 – day 3), log phase (day 4 – day 12),
stationary phase (day 13 – day 16) and death phase. Acetobacter xylinum exhibits mixed-growth
associated product where the bacterial cellulose was produced during log phase and stationary
phase.
Keywords: bacterial cellulose, ribbon-like polymer, protein quantification, microbial growth
113
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ANTIOXIDANT AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
BY Euphorbia hirta (ARA TANAH)
Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny1*, Thum Carmen1, Mohd Hishamuddin Che Mat2,
Ahmad Azudin Nordin2 and Azalina Mohamed Nasir1
1Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Uniciti Alam Campus,
02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia 2Institute of Sustainable Agrotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Sg. Chuchuh Campus,
02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The exposure to free radicals and gout cases have been a concern today where synthetic
medications for antioxidant effect and xanthine oxidase inhibition effect from clinical drugs have
showed several effects in health that leads to discovery of natural inhibitors from medicinal
plants. In this study, green solvent known as the deep eutectic solvent is synthesized to replace
conventional solvents for the extraction of free radical’s inhibitors and xanthine oxidase
inhibitors from a medicinal plant that has shown many health benefits and used widely in
traditional medicine, Euphorbia hirta. The leaves extract from Euphorbia hirta showed the
highest inhibition (87.9552 ± 0.0061 %) on free radicals assay. The IC50 for free radicals
inhibition of the leaves extract is 10.5676 ± 0.5871µg/ml. The IC50 value for xanthine oxidase
inhibition of allopurinol was the lowest at 6.9413 ± 0.3244 µg/ml while the leaves extract of
Euphorbia hirta exhibited close value at 9.4084 ± 0.1330 µg/ml. The correlation value between
the antioxidant effect and the xanthine oxidase inhibition of the leaves extract proved to be
0.9608 which indicated that there was a strong relationship. From the Line-weaver Burk plot and
solver function analysis, the mode of the enzyme inhibition was non-competitive inhibition.
These findings suggest that the plant has therapeutic properties which could be exploited to use
as natural drug to treat diseases associated with free radical exposure and xanthine oxidase
activity.
Keywords: antioxidant, deep eutectic solvent, euphorbia hirta, gout treatment, xanthine
inhibitor
114
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DEVELOPMENT OF α-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-
ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID (AMPA) OPTICAL IMMUNOSENSOR
FOR DOMOIC ACID DETECTION IN SHELLFISH SEAFOOD
Hafiza Mohamed Zuki*, Lai Yun Ru, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Azrilawani Ahmad @ Othman and Marinah
Mohd Ariffin
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
An attempt of developing an optical immunosensor using ionotropic glutamate receptor has been
successfully conducted in order to determine the presence of domoic acid (DA) in shellfish
seafood. Optimum environment of optical immunoassay and biomolecules concentration have
been experimented by applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The
concentration of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and
goat anti-mouse IgG alkaline phosphate (AP) were optimal at 1.3 ppm and 1.7 ppm, respectively.
The assay was also investigated with the absence of certain component in order to prove the
sensitivity of the developed immunosensor. Optical response of the optimised assay towards DA
recorded limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.72 ppm and 1.2 ppm,
respectively. Cross-reaction with glutamic acid (GA) showed that the assay was less sensitive
than DA, with values of 12.96 %. The competency of the immunosensor towards real samples
analysis was studied using cockle and mussel. Detection of non-spiked samples recorded the
presence of DA at 0.96 ppm for mussel and 0.56 ppm for cockle. Recovery was carried out as 3
ppm DA standard was injected into the sample and DA was found at 2.69 ppm and 2.6 ppm for
mussel and cockle, respectively, with recovery percentage of 89-90 %.
Keywords: optical immunosensor, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, α-amino-3-hydroxy-
5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, domoic acid, shellfish seafood
115
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
MEASUREMENT MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF
ANTIFUNGAL IN MULTIPLE VOLATILE SYSTEMS OF
COMBINATION THYMOL AND CARVACROL
Mazidah Abdul Rahman1*, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan1, Noriza Ahmad1 and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim1
1Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,
Bandar Vendor, Lot 1988, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The antifungal effect of binary combinations of carvacrol and thymol as the antimicrobial aroma
compounds were investigated. The efficacy of these combinations was compared to that of these
compounds used alone. The potential of each compound and the binary combinations of
compounds as preservatives were evaluated based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
measurements. The results show that the measurement methodology can be successfully used to
investigate synergistically effects for multiple volatile systems. Fractional inhibition
concentration (FIC) values were calculated for different combinations of volatiles. From the data
for individual volatiles, it was possible to determine an FIC. These values were variable and
ranged from 0.8 to 1, indicating a small degree of synergism. An alternative data analysis
approach was adopted by linearising the inhibition time observed and regressing this against the
thymol and carvacrol concentrations resulted in a simple model with a significant
thymol/carvacrol interaction term (P=0.036). This analysis more clearly demonstrated a
synergistic effect, although the FIC values estimated from the model were between 0.89-0.96,
suggesting the effect is minor. As a result, the antimicrobial activity of thymol and carvacrol in
the mixture will be largely additive. As such, control of the concentration in the headspace and
at the food surface must be carried out through the gas phase.
Keywords: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), thymol, carvarol, antimicrobial
116
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
A SENSITIVE UHPLC-ORBITRAP-MS METHOD FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYL-ACETOPHENONE
IN RAT PLASMA
Yamen Alkhateeb1, Faridah binti Abas1,2, Yaya Rukayadi1,2 and Khozirah Shaari1,3
1Laboratory of Natural product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor.
2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A novel bioanalytical method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to
Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) was develeped and
validated to quantify 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl-acetophenone (tHGA) in rat plasma. Protein
precipitation technique was used to extract tHGA from the plasma and then separated on a C18
column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water. A full data-dependent
MS/MS scan (MS/dd-MS2) was used in negative ion mode with inclusion mass list containing
m/z and retention time of tHGA and the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear over
the concentration range from 0.5 to 80 ng/mL and correlation coefficient r2 of 0.9995. The lower
limit of quantification (LLOQ) value was found to be 0.5 ng/mL. The accuracy errors (intra- and
inter-day) were in the range of -8.2 to +0.3%, and the precision (intra- and inter-day) were in the
range of 3.9 to 9.3%. The mean recovery of tHGA was (84.8 ± 8.9%) and the mean matrix effect
was (99.7 ± 1.3%). Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine the
pharmacokinetics of tHGA in rats.
Keywords: pharmacokinetics, tHGA, orbitrap
117
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PRODUCTION OF VERMICOMPOST FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT
BUNCH (EFB) USING EISENIA-FETIDA EARTHWORMS
Mohd Saufi Md Zaini1*, Muzafar Zulkifli2, Nor Afifah Khalil2, Robert Edyvean3, Ahmad Naim Ahmad
Yahaya2
1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Bukit
Besi, 23200 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
2Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988,
Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
3The University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a biodegradation process of organic material into nutrient rich compost. It
involves the oxidation and stabilization of organic waste by the action of earthworms and
microorganism therefore it can be a good fertiliser. The empty fruit bunch (EFB) was divided
into two different bags (bag A and bag B) with different sample of the same composition.
Matured vermicompost was obtained after 3 months of composting. The temperature increases
within mesophilic phase (25-27oC). pH of vermicompost is between 7.27 and 7.62. Nutrients in
the vermicompost such as potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus were measured. The
total nitrogen content increased at the end of vermicomposting process by 15.19% in bag A and
10.94% in bag B. However totals organic carbon (TOC) decreased in both bags. The change of
carbon and nitrogen content affected the C/N ratio. The humidity and redox potential were
maintained at 70-90% and 140-212µS/cm respectively. Trial growth by using vermicompost and
other composted were conducted. The plant growth trial showed the vermicompost was observed
to be the best growth based on the height and condition. Vermicomposting process is a good way
to convert EFB into vermicompost by the acts of earthworms which can be used as organic
fertiliser.
Keywords: vermicomposting, empty fruit bunch (EFP), humidity, redox potential
118
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA BREADFRUIT PULP AND
KERNEL
Noriza Ahmad*, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan, Mazidah Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Izzat Nazrin Mohd
Nordin and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
Section of Food Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical
and Bioengineering Technology, Bandar Vendor, Lot 1988, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is usually grown around the house by local communities in
Malaysian villagers. Normally the fruit is peeled, and the heart and stem are removed and
discarded. The fruit is then slice and fried and serve as fritters or chip. Studied had shown
breadfruit is considered as high energy and fibre food with phenolic compound. Breadfruit
contain relatively low protein content, however it contains all the essential amino acids with
relatively high in leucine and lysine. Compared to other tropical starchy foods, it has acceptable
source of vitamin C, iron, niacin, riboflavin, potassium and phosphorus although amounts may
vary between cultivars. With the current emphasis on healthy food with a low glycaemic index,
high protein, and increased dietary fibre, the use of alternative flours in baked goods is to be
favoured. Breadfruit flour is a good potential of replacing (or partially) wheat flour for baked
good. The objective of the studies is to explore the composition pulp and kernel breadfruit flour
and its behaviour during cooking. Raw breadfruit kernel and pulp were oven dried at 50 2 C
for 48 hours and milled in a laboratory mill and sieved with a 200 mm mesh sieve. Kernel and
pulp breadfruit flour were then analysed for their chemical and physical properties such as water
absorption, oil absorption and swelling properties. Starch, crude fibre, ash, fat, water activity and
protein were also evaluated. Starch was the predominant carbohydrate with crude fibre around
4.0 – 4.5 %. Crude protein values varied from 8.53 to 11.06 %. There was significant difference
between the crude protein contents of the pulp and kernel breadfruit flour. There was no
significant different on the bulk density, water binding capacity and oil absorption capacity
between the kernel and pulp breadfruit flour. Heating increases the water absorption, oil
absorption and swelling capacity for both kernel and pulp breadfruit flour. Pulp breadfruit flour
have better water absorption capacity from the kernel breadfruit flour. Therefore, given the
inherent nutritional and physical properties of breadfruit crops, it is a great potential for its use
in baking industry.
Keywords: breadfruits, kernel, pulp, physical properties, chemical properties.
119
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SALASA ADULIS AS A NOVEL DUAL-FUNCTIONAL FOOD ADDITIVE FOR
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES: EXPERIMENTAL
AND THEORETICAL APPROACH
Siti Hajar Ahmad Shariff1, Erna Normaya Abdullah1, Mohd Armi Abu Samah1, Muhammad Nor Omar2
and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad1*
1Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,
International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200,
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation and microbial contamination are the major contributors to quality and safety loss
of food products. The addition of food additives such as antioxidant and antimicrobial can
increase the shelf life of foods and influence the characteristics of foods favourably. Salasa adulis
or salak seeds contain phenolic compounds that exhibited interesting biological properties which
contribute to its use as a new potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
This research aim to identify a novel phenolic compound of S. adulis seeds as a new antioxidant
and antimicrobial inhibitor. A method development using green chemistry approach,
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract the phenolic compounds from S. adulis
seeds. The SFE conditions were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) that
investigated the interaction between three variables (pressure, temperature, and extraction time).
The optimum condition was achieved at 5814.67 psi, 78.09 ℃, and 96.43 min. The antioxidant
activity test was done using DPPH radical scavenging assay where the % DPPH radical
scavenging activity was 89.39 ± 0.16 %. The combination of GC-MS and PCA method revealed
the potentiality of benzeneethanamine, 2,5- difluoro-β,3,4-trihydroxy-N-methyl- (C5) as
antimicrobial agent. The suitability of carbon dioxide as the solvent for supercritical fluid
extraction to extract C5 was shown by COSMO RS. MEP was used to identify key structural
features of C5 that are necessary for their activity and to investigate their interaction with β-
ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH). The insight of microbial inhibitory action by
C5 was carried out by using molecular docking and revealed the binding affinity with E. coli
FabH-CoA was -6.1 kcal/mol.
Keywords: Salasa Adulis, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), response surface methodlogy
(RSM), COSMO RS, molecular docking
120
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MEAT FRESHNESS USING
DELPHINIDIN BASED VISUAL INDICATOR
Nurdiyana Husin1*, Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim2, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor1
and Ismail Fitry Mohammad Rashedi3
1Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Section of Technical Foundation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 3Faculty of Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is increasing demand from consumers for better quality and hygienic food
products, particularly for vulnerable foods which are easily infected by the microorganism. At
present, the consumers only depend on the expiry date, but this information does not always
portray the real indicative of the actual progress of food spoilage. The use of colorimetric
freshness indicator can provide a direct and real-time visual quality information, but most of the
previous work has focused on using synthetic colours. In this project, a natural colour
(anthocyanin- delphinidin glycoside) from Clitoria ternatea (g pea) flower was extracted by
using the ultrasonic processor, followed by immobilization on indicator strips and finally applied
as freshness indicator for the qualitative detection of meat freshness. Extracted colour from
butterfly pea contained 13 mg delphinidin per 100 mL extract. The colour changed obviously at
different pH with discoloration from blue to green at pH 7 and green to yellow at pH 12. The
Delphinidin-based indicator was also able to detect spoilage of meat (pH of 6.57) at hour 18
(point of meat rejection at 20 ΔE*) in room temperature (29oC) and on day 4 (point of meat
rejection at ΔE*) in chiller storage (4oC). The indicator strips changed colour from blue to green
at the point of meat rejection for both storage conditions. This study provides a foundation for
developing a new visual indicator in monitoring real-time meat freshness and may also use as
an intelligent packaging.
Keywords: delphinidin, freshness indicator, meat freshness, intelligent packaging
121
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
A NONTARGETED GC/MS ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH
CHEMOMETRICS METHODS FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF
HARUMANIS MANGO (MANGIFIRA INDICA): DETERMINATION
OF CHEMICAL MARKERS
Siti Raihan Zakaria1*, Norashikin Saim2*, Rozita Osman2 and Hafizan Juahir3
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Jengka,
Pahang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
Kuala Terengganu, 21300, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A simple and rapid gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis method was
developed for the determination of chemical markers of Harumanis mango for quality control.
The aim of this study was to identify the chemical markers of Harumanis mango that can
discriminate Harumanis with its unauthentic version, Tong Dam mango that is physically
identical. 72 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by GC/MS belonged to various
chemical groups such as alcohol, aldehydes, acids, esters, heterocyclics and terpenes, From the
chromatographic fingerprint data, three VOCs namely beta ocimene, trans beta ocimene and allo
ocimene has been identified as chemical markers for Harumanis mango as these VOCs can only
be detected in Harumanis samples regardless the sources but not in Tong Dam mango.
Furthermore, the chemometrics methods namely PCA, CA and DA were successfully used in
discriminating Harumanis and Tong Dam samples and supported the results obtained from the
chromatographic fingerprint data. In addition to that, these chemometrics techniques were able
to classify the Harumanis samples from two origins, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Keywords: GC/MS fingerprinting, harumanis, VOCs, chemical markers, chemometrics
122
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WITH RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY (RSM) OF LOCALLY-PRODUCED-XYLOSE-REDUCTASE
ENZYME PURIFICATION BY REVERSE MICELLE
Rusmawarni Ramli1,2, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim*1 and Zularisam Ab Wahid1
1Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,
Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 2Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of
Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Kawasan Industri Taboh Naning,
78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Enzyme purification is one of the most important methods in this study since the availability of
the reusable enzyme needed. Mathematical modelling used in this study was response surface
methodology (RSM) and the tool used was design of expert (DOE) software. The aimed of using
the tools was to optimize the significance of variables involved in the enzyme purification
process for enhancing the capability of enzyme recovery. The OFAT of enzyme purification was
conducted under concentration of surfactant, % (2.3 – 2.7), range of pH (4.5 - 6.5) and
concentration of salt, M (0.75 – 1.50). Further optimization by RSM was followed and at the
end, the optimum variables suggested as concentration of surfactant at 2.69%, pH at 6.49 and
concentration of salt at 0.75M. Repeated of the validation for the significance variables and the
percentage error of the predicted VS the actual value only 2.32% which means the study of the
enzyme purification by significance variables chose can be accepted.
Keywords: one factor at a time (OFAT) study, response surface methodology (RSM),
optimization, reverse micelle, xylose reductase
123
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM OF NANOEMULSION CONTAINING
GEMCITABINE (GEM)
Nadiatul Atiqah Wahgiman1, Norazlinaliza Salim1,2* and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1
1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is chemotherapeutic drug for various cell cancers such as non-small lung cancer,
pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and bladder cancer which usually used in the first line treatment
because its excellent therapeutic activity. The phase behavior of medium chain triglyceride
(MCT)/surfactant/water containing gemcitabine (GEM) was investigated. The ternary phase
diagram with different surfactant systems (Span 20, Span 60, Span 80 and Tween 80 and Tween
80: Span 80 at ratio 1:1) were constructed. The observations of the mixtures were classified into
two major observations, isotropic region and multilayer region. The isotropic region was where
formation of transparent oil/surfactant/water emulsion which have nano particles size. Based on
the highest region of isotropic phase in MCT/(Tween 80: Span 80, ratio1:1)/deionized water
system, a nanoemulsion formulation (F1) was selected. The nanoemulsion was prepared used
combination of high energy and lower energy emulsification methods. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
was used due to formation of stable formulation in large amount. Three different concentrations
of NaCl (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml) were investigated. The results showed that the increase particle
size as increases as the amount of NaCl increases, effect of amount of NaCl solution is significant
towards particles size on F1. The F1 was stable in normal storage condition as it remains
homogeneous formulation against centrifugation test and storage stability at different
temperature (4, 25 and 45 °C) within 3 months.
Keywords: gemcitabine, nanoemulsion, tertiary phase diagram
124
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
FAT REDUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS ENHANCEMENT OF
EDIBLE COMPOSITE COATING (PECTIN-MALTODEXTRIN)
ON FRIED POTATO CHIPS
Nur Afiqah Mohamed Latif, Abdul Manan Dos Mohamad and Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin*
Section of Food Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical
and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Frying potato chips developed a tasty product with a crispy, tempting aromas and good appeal
of potato chips, but high oil content in deep fry potato chips will increases the adverse health
effect to consumer. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the composite coating
(pectin-maltodextrin) of potato chips characteristics at different ratios (uncoated, 100:0, 90:10,
80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 or named as sample 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively). The potato
chips were coated using dipping method and the samples were characterized through fat content,
moisture content, texture and sensory evaluations. Sample 6 (60:40) has the significant highest
fat reduction (9.69%) among the samples. The moisture content for all samples were not
significantly different (P>0.05). Coated potato chips of sample 4 (80:20) has highest breaking
force (2.78 ± 0.07N) compared to uncoated potato chips (2.24 ± 0.13N). The sensory evaluation
showed that coated potato chips were the more preferable compared to uncoated potato chips. In
conclusion, enhanced characteristics of composite (pectin-maltodextrin) coated potato chips
were obtained including significant fat reduction and impoving texture and sensory acceptability.
Keywords: fat, characteristic, edible coating, pectin, maltodextrin, potato, chips, fry
125
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SEPARATION CHEMISTRY
SCREENING OF PLANTS FOR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST
ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL) FOR PEST
MANAGEMENT OF MANGO Mangifera Indica
Danila S. Paragas1*, Kathlia DC. Cruz2 and Elaida R. Fiegalan3
1Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences and 3Department of Crop Protection,
College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz,
Nueva Ecija, Philippines 2School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University,
Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Mango, mangifera indica, is one of the many fruits exported by the Philippines. However,
Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera:Tephritidae), is becoming a treat for its
production, thus, its control and management is now imperative. This research conducted a
preliminary screening of different plants that has insecticidal properties that could be used for
the development of potential biocides. Twenty plants were screened for their insecticidal
activities against B. dorsalis. The plant which showed the highest mortality was further
investigated using various extraction methods such as hot infusion, maceration, hot continuous
reflux (Soxhlet), and fermentation. Several solvents were also considered in the extraction
including rice wine, rice wash, vinegar and distilled water. The extracts were tested in terms of
mortality against B. dorsalis after 6, 12, and 24 h of exposure using an improvised olfactometer.
Azadirachta indica, Andrographis. paniculata, Indigofera zollingeriana and Lantana camara
showed 100% mortality at 24-h exposure but A. indica was the most effective having 46.67%,
91.67% and 100% at 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Further investigations employing different
extraction – solvent combinations revealed that the use of rice wash and fermentation is the most
economical method in extracting the active components of neem leaves against B. dorsalis (LC50
of 2.7%) and can be utilized in the development of biocide for mango pest management.
Keywords: alternative technique; biopesticide, fermentation, mangoes, pest management, rice
wash
126
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
DEVELOPMENT OF SUPRAMOLECULAR SOLVENT ASSISTED
MAGNETIC SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION FOR DETERMINATION OF
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES USING HIGH
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Kasturi Gopal1, Muggundha Raaov2, Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah3, Noorfatimah. Yahaya1 and Nur
Nadhirah Mohamad Zain1*
1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
3School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this research study a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of vesicles of decanoic acid
was assisted with magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) to examine the extraction
performance of surfactant and magnetic nanoparticle modified activated crabon towards selected
phenolic compounds from waste water effluents prior to their determination by high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC). Modified activated carbon was paired up with a unique
extraction technique employing SUPRAS in this study to enhance the extraction of phenolic
compounds. The calibration curve was achieved with good linearity with correlation coefficient
(R2) of 0.9991 (2,4-DCP) and 0.9992 (2,4-DNP), respectively. Under optimized condition low
level of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limit was achieved for the studied phenolic
compounds. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of industrial
waste water. Recoveries ranging from 85.30–116.85% was achieved for the studied analyte
compounds. This study proves that the extraction method introduced in this study is an excellent
extraction technique for the preconcentration of phenolic compounds in waste water mediums.
Keywords: activated carbon, silicone surfactant, supramolecular solvent, magnetic solid phase
extraction
127
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE
AND SUCROSE IN WATERMELON JUICE PEEL
Wan Mazlina Md Saad1*, Fatimah Salim2, Nur Shafinaz Mohamad Salin1 and Ainza Suzila Ramzi1
1Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) contains various phytochemical with sugar rating the highest.
Sugar mainly distributed into three types; fructose, glucose and sucrose. Sugar content in
watermelon usually reflect the fruit quality and sweetness. This study was conducted to identify
and quantify fructose, glucose and sucrose content in watermelon juice peel by using isocratic
mode, reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The watermelon
juice peel was injected into NH2 column at 23°C coupled with refractive index detector (RID) at
35°C with flow rate 1ml/min of mobile phase acetonitrile and water (75:25) and 20 μl injection
sample. The retention time for fructose and glucose in watermelon juice peel were 8.88 and
10.00 min, respectively with no sucrose peak detected. The quantification of fructose and
glucose in watermelon juice peel were 0.60 and 0.50 mg/ml. Watermelon juice peel in this study
showed fructose is the highest sugar level followed by glucose with no detection of sucrose. The
sugars were successfully separated by using isocratic mode of RP-HPLC and the outcomes
indicated that this study method is efficient for identification and quantification of fructose,
glucose and sucrose in watermelon juice peel.
Keywords: watermelon, Citrullus lanatus, peel, RP-HPLC, fructose, glucose, sucrose
128
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD EXTRACTION FROM
CYANIDE SOLUTION
Nor Nabiha Md Zan*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, MICET, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Eh-pH and speciation diagrams are developed for gold metal in the Au-H2O-CN system from
thermodynamic calculations. The diagrams show that thermodynamically stable redox couples
of gold and cyanide ions can be formed and drive the dissolution of gold in cyanide solution.
The calculation also shows the differences in the oxidization potential and structural stability of
the gold ion complexes which describes the reduction of cyanide ions in the Au-H2O-CN system.
The results promote a theoretical basis for the optimization of the leaching of gold from cyanide
solution.
Keywords: gold extraction, leaching, thermodynamic, waste management
129
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
MULTI-SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMOMETRICS ANALYSIS FOR
FORENSIC DETERMINATION OF BLOOD SPECIES
Durga Devi Sandran1*, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan1, Yusmazura Zakaria2 and Noor Zuhartini Md
Muslim1
1Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Health Campus,16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia 2Biomedicine Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Blood trace is commonly found biological evidence at crime scenes. The main issues forensic
investigators encounter upon retrieving blood samples is determining their origin. There is no
statistical probability in the current examination methodology of potential blood evidence and it
is deemed subjective. Another method, involving DNA analysis, lengthy to perform and
restricted due to its degradation and lack of samples. The main aim of this study was to evaluate
the potential and suitability of tandem analysis using ATR-FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy as
means for the characterisation of blood samples in the context of forensic science. Conventional
visual examination is insufficient to differentiate and classify spectra between blood from
different animal species. Hence, to aid classification in each group, chemometrics analysis of the
IR and UV/Vis spectral data was employed using the combined techniques of principal
component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). PCA-LDA results show that
blood spectra of various animal species differ in the compositions of blood protein i.e. amide A,
I and II. The multivariate analysis based on PCA-LDA models indicates that ATR-FTIR and
UV/Vis spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics provides excellent discrimination (94%
correct classification) for the classification of blood samples from animal species. The non-
destructive nature of vibrational and optical spectroscopic techniques and the success of
chemometrics analysis demonstrated in this work have indeed offered a new dimension for the
rapid identification of biomaterials of forensic relevance and essentially warrant further research.
Keywords: spectroscopy, chemometrics, forensic, blood species
130
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
THIN FILM µ-EXTRACTION WITH C18-CTA AS THE SORBENT FOR
SEPARATION AND PRE-CONCENTRATION OF CAFFEINE IN
ENVIRONMENTAL WATER
Aida Farhana Mazlan, Nurul Aryani Zulkipli, Loh Saw Hong and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik*
School of Marine and Environmental Sciences,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Caffeine is a biologically-active drug that acts as a stimulant which can be very useful for
medication but may be harmful when the dosage is very high. In water, caffeine is highly soluble
(13.5 g/L), and it is moderately stable in natural water, despite being vulnerable to biological
degradation. Caffeine is an excellent tracer because its detection in aquatic system indicates
human waste source. This study investigated the optimal condition of an extraction method for
caffeine residue analysis in water. C18 was impregnated with cellulose triacetate by using a
solution casting method to produce a thin film. Optimisation work was performed based on a 23-
full factorial central composite design, which was subjected to salt addition, extraction time, and
stirring rate as the main parameters. Final determination was performed using liquid
chromatography-UV detector. The optimum condition suggested by the model was as follows;
salt addition (0.6%, m/v), extraction time (11 minutes), and stirring rate (300 rpm). The
generated model and 2-way interaction were significant at p<0.05. Desirability function was
recorded at 0.98. The variable with the largest effect was the linear term of salt addition, followed
by quadratic effects of extraction time, and stirring rate. Linearity range achieved at a satisfactory
level at r2 was 0.996. Detection and quantification limits of the developed method were
calculated at 0.06 ng/mL and 0.21 ng/mL, respectively. The thin film displayed exceptional
recovery (83.90-98.50%) and repeatability (7.71-12.40% RSD) at two levels of concentration.
For real sample analysis, caffeine Caffeine residue was found at 0.563 ng/mL, which taken from
Ibai River, Terengganu.
Keywords: experimental design, microextraction, pharmaceutical residue, stimulant drug
131
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
AGAROSE-CHITOSAN-INTERGRATED MULTIWALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES FILM MICRO-SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION COMBINED
WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF TRUCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS IN
AQUEOUS SAMPLES
Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim1*, Mohd Marsin Sanagi2 and Nor Suhaila Mohammad Hanapi1
1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Agarose-Chitosan-integrated mutiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film micro-solid phase
extraction (μ-SPE) was developed and applied for the determination of tricyclic antidepressant
drugs (TCAs) in aqueous samples using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet
detection (HPLC-UV). Integration of highly interconnected pores of MWCNTs in the agarose-
chitosan matrix increases the hydrophobic sites, surface area and porosity of the materials and
thus enhancing the extraction efficiency. The film of blended agarose and chitosan allows good
dispersion of MWCNTs, prevents the leaching of MWCNTs during application and enhances
the film mechanical stability. Important μ-SPE parameters were optimized including amount of
MWCNTs loading in agarose-chitosan matrix, sample pH, addition of salt, extraction time,
desorption solvent and desorption time. The matrix match calibration curves demonstrated good
linearity in the range of 10-500 ppb with excellent coefficients determination (r2 = 0.9944-
0.9961), good limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 3.13-3.60 ppb, high analyte recoveries
(90.0-112.4%) and low relative standard deviations (RSD < 6.85).
Keywords: blended agarose/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes, solid phase
microextraction, tricyclic antidepressant drugs
132
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EFFECT OF BMIM-CHLORIDE PHYSIO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBER MEMBRANE FOR DOMESTIC
WASTE WATER
Ahmad Tarmizi Mohd1, Nur Syakinah Abd Halim1, Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal1*, Muhammad Roil
Bilad1, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin1, Zulfan Adi Putra1 and Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff2,
1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Water is a source that is crucial to any life on life. In industry, water is being used for various
processes. With increasing demand towards water consumption, wastewater treatment is
mandatory since water scarcity is a world-wide threat. As a part of waste management, the
processed water must comply with the regulation outlined by Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). To meet the regulated standards, the separation process needs to efficient and cost
effective. Hence, most research nowadays are focusing on membrane separation technology.
Among the methods in membrane separation technologies includes nanofiber membrane. While
nanofiber membrane offers efficient separation with great mechanical stability, it does suffer
from membrane fouling. In this study, electrospun nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane with 1-Butyl-
3-methylimidazolium Chloride (BMIM-Chloride) additive was fabricated to reduce the effect of
fouling while increasing its performance. This study also compares the additive concentration to
nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane with respect to its performance and rejection. Based on the result,
the addition of BMIM-Chloride increased the permeability to >400 L/m2.h.bar while having
superior rejection of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphorus content over 90%
rejection. While comparing 1-5% additive concentration, the time taken to reach steady state
(relates to fouling effect) increased with additive concentration, signifying the addition of
BMIM-Chloride concentration, reduce the effect of cake formation.
Keywords: nanofiber membrane, BMIM-Chloride, wastewater
133
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ISOLATION, STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF LUPEOL, STEROL GROUP
AND CHEMICAL PROFILING OF Fortunella Polyandra LEAVES USING
UPLC Q-TOF/MS
Norazah Basar1*, Hazim Syahmi Elias1, Atiqah Othman1, Syarul Nataqain Baharum2 and Kamalrul
Azlan Azizan2
1Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
2Metabolomics research laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Phytochemical study on the leaves of F. polyandra has isolated three secondary metabolites from
the crude extracts by using various chromatography technique, while identification was
performed by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The isolated metabolites were
identified as Lupeol (FP1) and 2 sterol (FP2) mixture namely β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The
chemical composition of the crude extracts of F. polyandra were determined using ultra
performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(UPLC Q-ToF/MS) method. 8 compounds were identified and tentatively characterized. The
result showed that 3', 5’-Di-C-beta-glucopyranosylphloretin was the predominant flavonoid in
the methanolic extract of F. polyandra leaves. Apigenin-8-Cneohesperidoside, Acacetin-6-C-
neohesperidoside, Acacetin-8-C-neohesperidoside, apigenin6, 8-di-C-glucoside, and Apigenin
7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) were also identified present in the sample. This study will fill
the gap on the information of the F. polyandra for further quality assessment and utilization of
Fortunella resources.
Keywords: F. polyandra, phytochemical, secondary metabolite, chemical composition, UPLC
Q-ToF/MS
134
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EVALUATION OF CAR PRIMER USING PYROLYSIS-GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (PY-GC-MS)
Raja Zubaidah Raja Sabaradin1, Norashikin Saim1*, Rozita Osman1 and Hafizan Juahir2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
21300 Kampus Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Car paint system consisted of 4 different layers; namely cathodic electro deposition (CED),
primer, basecoat and clearcoat. Each of these layers might offer valuable information in car paint
analysis. However, a small size of car paint samples may not consisted of all four layers. This
study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of car primer layer in the analysis of car paint
sample. Eight different red basecoats were applied on ten different car primers giving a total of
eighty red car paint samples. The paint samples were analyzed using Py-GC-MS and the data
set obtained was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA).
Twenty-two principal components were rendered from PCA with total variance of 81.23%. CA
gave three clusters with cluster 1 and 3 based on the shades of red basecoat while cluster 2 was
based on the type of primer. This observation showed that the car primer might have significant
contribution in the analysis of car paint using Py-GC-MS.
Keywords: car primer, car paint analysis, Py-GC-MS, chemometric
135
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
SOURCE DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOEPHEDRINE USING
ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM
INFRARED (ATR-FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Ainol Hayah Ahmad Nadzri1, Saravana Kumar Jayaram2, Dzulkiflee Ismail1 and Wan Nur Syuhaila Mat
Desa1*
1Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 2 Narcotic Section, Forensic Science Unit, Chemistry Department, Jalan Sultan,
46661 Petaling Jaya Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Seizures of pseudoephedrine compound is commonly reported pertaining to clandestine
operations since it has long been abused in amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) illicit production.
In small scale clandestine laboratory, over-the-counter decongestant tablet is encountered
despite having properties or compositions claimed to deter pseudoephedrine extraction as
pharmaceutical means to prevent the misuse of the compound. The study aims to investigate the
feasibility of discriminating extracted pseudoephedrine based on its origin. In this study, 5
different types in varying strengths and sizes of pseudoephedrine based tablets samples were
extracted with direct and acid-base extraction methods. Positive identification of
pseudoephedrine compound was done by simple attenuated total reflection fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In total, 90 spectras were obtained from powdered and
extracted tablets at six repetitive scans. The spectra were subsequently subjected to multivariate
analysis studies to objectively compare and discriminate extracted pseudoephedrine based on its
origin using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA).
Groupings and linkages based on their origin were established. In HCA, discrimination among
samples were evident at around 80% similarity while in PCA, discrimination is presented at 78-
84% total variation. This study showed successful simple and direct methods for source
determination of chemically processed pseudoephedrine compounds. This information can be a
valuable intelligent tool for forensic enforcers to understand hence able to disrupt supply of
pseudoephedrine for illegal substance operations.
Keywords: pseudoephedrine, clandestine, ATS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, PCA, HCA
136
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
COMPARISON OF LIPIDS EXTRACTION METHODS ON Chlorella Vulgaris
sp. WITH IONIC LIQUID AS AN ADDITIVE
Ninna Sakina Azman1* and Noraini Abd Ghani1
1Fundamental Applied Sciences Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
32610 Seri Iskandar Perak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The main objective of the current work was to investigate the effect of ultrasonication, Bligh and
Dyer and [Bmim][MeSO4] towards the extraction of lipids on cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. The
composition of fatty acids from the lipids extracted was determined by using Gas
Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Results revealed that, the combination
of synthesized [Bmim][MeSO4] and methanol had the greatest infuence on lipids extraction
which is 12.72 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW) higher than the conventional technique, Bligh and
Dyer that exhibited 8.38 mg/g DCW. Further assestment by using ultrasonication technique with
existence of [Bmim][MeSO4] and without [Bmim][MeSO4] were carried out, and resulted 6.94
and 0.45 mg/g DCW respectively.
Keywords: ionic liquid, lipids extraction, ultrasonication, Chlorella vulgaris
137
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
A SIMPLE MINIATURIZED SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR
DETERMINATION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL WATER
Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz Rozaini1*, Bahruddin Saad1,2 and Noorfatimah Yahaya3
1Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia 2Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia 3Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
New methods are being continuously developed to determine important compounds in the
environment. An important step in the analytical process in the sample preparation. These are
mainly done either using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid phase extraction (SPE).
However, these techniques are not environmentally friendly as large amounts of organic solvents
are required (LLE) and multiple steps are involved (SPE). Thus, alternative methods have been
proposed to address these main disadvantages. We investigated simple miniaturized sample
preparation techniques for the determination of pollutants in the environmental water based on
molecularly imprinted silica gel (MISG) that was incorporated in agarose polymer matrix to
form a mixed matrix membrane (MMM). Selected sulfonamide antibiotics (i.e.
sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfadiazine (SDZ)) were used as
the target analytes for the determination in the environmental water samples. Several important
microextraction conditions were comprehensively optimized and validated. Under the optimized
conditions, the developed method demonstrated good linearity (1–500 g L–1) with a coefficient
of determination (R2) of 0.9959–0.9999, low limits of detection (0.06–0.17 g L–1) and limits of
quantification (0.20–0.56 g L–1), good analyte recoveries (80–96 %), and acceptable relative
standard deviations (< 10 %). The overall results when analysed using high performance liquid
chromatography were found to be comparable with those reported in the literature.
Keywords: sample preparation, environmental water, high performance liquid chromatography,
mixed matrix membrane
138
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
FACILE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO/Fe3O4)
FOR RAPID EXTRACTION, PRECONCENTRATION AND TRACE
DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINES FROM WATER SAMPLES
Ungku Amirul Arif Ungku Abdullah, Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi*, Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim and
Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A simple and effective magnetic solid-phase extraction based on new-generation of graphene
oxide/magnetite (GO/Fe3O4) nanocomposite was successfully developed to extract traces
amount of tetracylines (TCs) namely, tetracycline (TC), chlortetracyline (CTC), doxycycline
(DC) and oxytetracyline (OTC) from water samples. The nanocomposite was prepared by in situ
deposition of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on graphene oxide (GO) surface. Strong
adsorption of TCs was facilitated by π-π interactions with the aromatic rings of GO. The
synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM). TCs were quantified by HPLC with UV detection. Under optimized conditions,
MSPE using GO-Fe3O4 was developed with good linearities (0.05–3.0 mg L-1) with high
coefficient of determination (R2>0.9988), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification
(LOQ) of 0.007–0.014 mg L-1 and 0.017–0.029 mg L-1, respectively, satisfactory relative
recoveries (92.6–104.9%), acceptable reproducibilities (relative standard deviation,
RSD<4.8%.). The method has several promising attributes including an easily prepared and eco-
friendly adsorbent, a convenient and rapid extraction procedure, and a high extraction efficiency.
Keywords: magnetic solid-phase extraction, magnetic graphene oxide, magnetic
nanocomposite, preconcentration, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycyline, oxytetracycline
139
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PURIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ASYSTASIA
GANGETICA BY RECYCLING HPLC
Isna Athirah Othman1,2*, Norizan Ahmat1,2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia 2Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM),
Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Asystasia gangetica (L) T. Anderson var. micrantha (Acanthaceae) or commonly known as
Chinese violet or rumput Israel is a straggling herb usually found among short grasses and along
pathways. This plant is used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus, ear disease, gonorrhea, and
its anthelmintic activity helps to treat swelling and rheumatism. The present study was designed
to isolate and elucidate bioactive compounds from A. gangetica. Methanolic extract of the A.
gangetica leaves was fractionated by using Vacuum Liquid Chromatoghraphy (VLC). Fractions
2.2 and 3.1 were subjected to preparative HPLC and recycling HPLC for further purification.
All of the compounds were monitored by using UHPLC. The structures of isolated compounds
were characterized by using spectroscopic method including NMR and comparison with
previous reported data. Two phytochemical constituents namely salidroside (1) and verbascoside
(2) have been purified by using recycling HPLC. Compound 2 was identified for the first time
from Asystasia gangetica.
Keywords: acanthaceae, asystasia gangetica, recycling HPLC, NMR, phenolic compounds
140
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
EVALUATION OF PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ESSENTIAL OIL
AS A SOURCE OF INSECT REPELLENT SOAP
Marmy Roshaidah Mohd Salleh*, Norulakmal Norhadi and Nurul Ardilla Abdul Manaf Yusof
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology
(MICET), Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Pandan can be used to repel the cockroaches. Currently, there are mostly used of a chemically
repellent product in house. Some people especially children and for those who has a sensitive to
odor cannot resists to this repellent product such as mothball. In order to overcome it, the natural
repellent product must be produced. The aim of this study is to produce the insect repellent soap
by using pandan oil produced from pandan leaves as a fragrant. The extraction process was
carried out using soxhlet extraction methods and ethanol used as a solvent. 2-AP is a compound
inside the oil that can repel the cockroaches due to its smell and the determination of it has been
analyse by using GC-MS. The characteristic of oil produced has been analysed together with the
antioxidant activity inside the pandan by using UV-Vis equipment. The analysis of repellent test
has been done by using three different method which are petri dish repellent test, filter paper
repellent test and spraying method. The end product which is soap has been produced by using
several formulations.
Keywords: pandan amarylifolius, extraction, cockroaches, repellent, soap
141
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DECADE RACEMIC DRUG RESOLUTION
Hatijah Basri1, Tahir Shah1*, Haider Al Lawati2
1Universiti Tun Hussain Onn Malaysia
2Sultan Qaboose University Muscat Oman
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of racemic mixture is of great importance for acquiring pure enantiomers. It
is now a fact that pure enantiomers are more potent and safer to be consumed as drugs. Presently
more than 50% of the medicinal compounds are chiral in nature moreover to develop quick and
efficient resolution methods, a great deal of effort is done in pharmaceutical and research labs
around the world. Beside gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the leading separation technique. Various direct
and indirect HPLC methods provide fast and baseline separation. Major focus of this review
remains on HPLC and its various types and progress made in this area during this decade.
Keywords: enantioseparation, racemic, chiral, high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC)
142
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRIENT CONTENT,
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF
EDIBLE RED SEAWEEDS (KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII, EUCHEUMA
SPINOSUM AND EUCHEUMA STRIATUM) FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA
1Farah Nurshahida, M.S., 2Nurul Aini, M.A*, 1Nazikussabah, Z., 3Wan Mohd Faizal, W.I.,
and 4Aida Hamimi, I.
1Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia 3Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli,
Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan 4Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI),
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Kappaphycus alverazii (KA), Eucheuma spinosum (ESp) and Eucheuma striatum (ESt) are
widely farmed in Kunak, Sabah for food and carrageenan sources. This study was evaluated the
nutritional and mineral compositions, physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities of
those edible KA, ESp and ESt seaweeds. Results of physicochemical properties and nutritional
profile reveal the range of dietary fibre (12.5-8.10% DW), carbohydrate (71.83-70.28% DW),
crude protein (3.73-1.56% DW) and lipid content (0.05-0.02% DW) of the three red seaweeds
species. KA, ESp and ESt contains biologically important amino acids including Arginine,
Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine with total range 15-20 mg/g DW. 7 compositions of mineral
evaluated are varies according to the species, with Esp showed the highest mineral contents of
Ca (202.65 mg/100g DW), Mg (299.48 mg/100g DW) and KA exhibited highest Fe content with
50.49 mg/100g DW (p<0.05). Physiochemical properties value of swelling capacity (SC) and oil
retention capacity (ORC) in KA species showed the highest (p<0.05) compare to ESp and ESt
and water retention capacity (WRC) in ESp species was significant difference than KA and ESt
(p<0.05). The antioxidant activities (DPPH assay) and total phenolic content (TPC) of three
seaweeds species indicated KA displayed highest TPC (19.17 + 0.04 mg GAE/g DW) and the
lowest radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay (31.24% DPPH inhibition). The research
highlighted is to support the local agricultural commodity in Sabah by creating the nutritional
data especially for Eucheuma species and comparing nutritional value with other species and
vegetable. The findings also suggest that KA, ESp and ESt. exhibit potent nutritional value could
be used as a source of nutrients for human and animals.
Keywords: red seaweed, proximate composition, physicochemical properties, antioxidant
activities, mineral content
143
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - ORAL
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL
EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF MACARANGA GIGANTEA
M. Sulaiman M. Johari1,2*, Norizan Ahmat1,2, Zetty Zulikha Hafiz1,2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia 2Atta-Ur-Rahman, Institute of Natural Product, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam
Campus,42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a mutual neurodegenerative disease that affects the eldest and the main
symptom is a loss memory. Studies have suggested that AD occurred as a result of the decreased
level of ACh in the brain which led to the obstruction in cholinergic transmission. Cholinergic
system in AD patients contain cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes namely acetylcholinesterase
(AChE), which responsible for hydrolyzing neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) into choline
and acetate ion. One of the most reliable therapeutic methods to treat this disease is by inhibiting
acetyl-cholinesterase (AChe), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of ACh at the
cholinergic synapse. Some drug such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine is
believed to have side effect such as nausea and diarrhoea. In this study, we have methanol crude
extract from the leaves of Macaranga gigantea for its in-vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory
activity. Euphorbiaceae is a spurge family and a large family of flowering plant with 300 genera
and 7500 species. Genus Macaranga belongs to this family and known for their mutual
associations with ants. This plant is widely distributed mainly to the tropics of Africa, South-
East Asia, Australia and the South Pacific region. In folk medicine, traditional healers use fresh
or dried leaves of some Macaranga species to treat swellings, cuts, sores, boils and bruises. The
extract displays a good AChE inhibition activity at IC50 at 39.89 ± 4.57 ug/ml. Besides, the
preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC were done to show the potential secondary
metabolite existed in the crude extract and can be further for isolation and elucidation of
chemical constituent which may be utilized as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer’s
disease.
Keywords: alzheimer’s diesease, acetylcholinesterase, Euphorbiaceae, Macaranga gigantea
144
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ADVANCED MATERIALS
THE VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOUR OF DICLOFENAC VIA
MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE AT WATER 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
INTERFACE SYSTEM
Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi*and Eissa M. Al-mbrok
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The characterisation of electrochemical behaviour of microporous silicon nitride membrane,
across the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) was achieved by
studying the ion transfer of tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl) as a model ion. The
transfer characteristics of the ionizable drug diclofenac (DCF), which is used as an anti-
inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and analgesic treatment, is in common use in
biomedical and medical applications, across liquid | liquid interface modified by microporous
silicon nitride were also investigated using voltammetric techniques. Although the cyclic
voltammograms indicated that the DCF‾ transferred across the interface at the negative applied
potential limit set by Cl‾ transfer, the measured half-wave potential of DCF was determined,
which enabled the determination of some thermodynamic variables for DCF, such as the
standard Gibbs energy of transfer and the standard transfer potential. The diffusion coefficient
of the transferring ion in the aqueous phase can be determined from the voltammogram. The
influence of possible interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, sugar, amino acid, urea and
metal ions on the detection of DCFˉ was also being studied.
Keywords: ion transfer, diclofenac anion, microporous membrane, cyclic voltammetry
145
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
UTILIZATION OF NEEM LEAF EXTRACT ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF IRON
OXDIE NANOPARTICLES IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE MEDIUM
Nurul Izza Taib1*, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri2, Famiza Abd Latif 2 and Zakiah Mohamed2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus,
35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The present work reports the successful synthesis of biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles
(Fe3O4-NPs) with the use of non-toxic leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as a reducing
and stabilizing agent. The successful synthesis was confirmed by infrared spectra analysis with
strong peak observed between 400-600 cm-1 that correspond to magnetite nanoparticles
characteristics. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles are high
purity with crystalline cubic structure phase in nature. Besides, the average size of iron oxide
nanoparticles was observed to be 9-12 nm with mostly irregular shape using Transmission
Electron Microscope (TEM). From Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis proven that
the nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic properties with magnetization value was 73 emu/g
and the results showed a superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, suggesting the
potential applications for magnetic targeting drug delivery system.
Keywords: biosynthesis, iron oxide nanoparticles, Azadirachta Indica, superparamagnetic,
vibrating sample magnetometer
146
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
PHOTODEGRADATION OF PARACETAMOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
BY HYBRID ZnO-PES PHOTOCATALYST
Maureen Chijioke-Okere1,2, Emeka E. Oguzie2 Abdul Halim Abdullah1,3*, Cynthia E. Ogukwe2 and
Paschal C. Njoku2
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri,
P.M.B 1526, Owerri. Imo State Nigeria 3Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, a number of ZnO-Polyethersulfone (PES) photocatalyst films were prepared by the
phase inversion process. The resulting samples were characterized by different analytical
techniques such as SEM, XRD and AFM. The SEM-EDX results confirm the successful
immobilization of ZnO. The plain polyethersulfone sample displayed a smooth surface as
compared to the various weight compositions of ZnO-PES which showed porous microvoid
structures. The XRD data revealed that the prepared catalysts were quite crystalline with a
hexagonal wurtzite structure characteristic of ZnO, while the AFM probe affirmed the surface
roughness of the catalysts. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared catalysts were tested
under UV irradiation for the degradation of of paracetamol. The results obtained showed that
ZnO-PES 15 wt% content exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity and remained stable over
six cycles.
Keywords: ZnO, polyethersulfone, paracetamol, photocatalytic degradation, UV irradiation
147
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON
DIOXIDE FILLED POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL PLASTICIZED
POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE ELECTROLYTES
Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri1,2*, Famiza Abdul Latif1,2, Ruhani Ibrahim1,2, Fazni Susila Abdul Ghani1,2
and Nurul Dhabitah Basri1
1School of Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Synthesis and Application of Conducting Polymer Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) filled polyethylene glycol (PEG) plasticized polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA) electrolytes were prepared by solvent casting method with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as
solvent. The films were opaque as SiO2 was added. Interestingly, the opacity of the films
decreases as lithium tetraflouroborate (LiBF4) was added. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
analysis shows that the surface of the films was rough and porous. The porosity of the films
increased as amount of SiO2 increased. However, the surface of films was smooth when LiBF4
salt was added. Optical microscopy (OM) analysis revealed that the morphology of the films
exhibit phase separation. The phase separation of the films blends was reduced when amount of
filler added increased up to 7%. The polymer film exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of 5.55
x 10-6 Scm-1 containing 3% of filler at room temperature.
Keywords: polymer electrolyte, lithium tetraflouroborate, silicon dioxide, polyethylene glycol,
polymethyl methacrylate
148
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGY, CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL
STUDIES OF POLYANILINE FABRICS DOPED HCl AND pTSA ACIDS
Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin1*, Nazreen Che Roslan2, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim3,
Siti Norzatul Ikma Omar4 and Mohd Muzamir Mahat1*
Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this work, conductive fabrics based conducting polymers were fabricated using a facile
method namely immersion. Fabrics such as cotton and polyester were immersed in Polyaniline
(PANI), a conducting polymer solution followed by drying process. In order to make the fabric
conductive, the dopant was added into the polymer. The doping was completed by treating with
HCl prepared in 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt% and 0.9 wt% concentration. The doping process changes the
colour of PANI from blue PANI Emeraldine Base (EB) to green colour, PANI Emeraldine Salt
(ES). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)
and electro impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to analyse the chemical structure,
morphology and conductivity of fabricated fabrics, respectively. In advanced, thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was used to analyse thermal characteristics of the doped fabrics. Based on the
FTIR spectra, it can be observed that there is the presence of benzoid and quinoid structure in
both fabrics proving that the PANI has been successfully doped. Furthermore, the presence of
and C-N polaron peak has indicated that the fabrics have been doped with HCl. FESEM analysis
revealed the distribution of precipitates are homogenous in polyester which provide better
surface area and give string bonding with acid compared to cotton. Moreover, based on the EIS
result, it can be concluded that doping with 0.9 wt% HCl give excellent conductivity compared
to 0.3 wt% concentration. Also, TGA result illustrated that there were three major stages for
weight losses of the both fabricated fabrics. As a result, polyester fabric gives higher degradation
time compared to cotton fabric.
Keywords: polyaniline, fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscope,
electro impedance spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis
149
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
STRUCTURAL, ELEMENTAL AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF
POLYANILINE DOPED PHOSPHORIC ACID
Nazreen Che Roslan1*, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin1, Siti Nurzatul Ikma Omar1,
Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim2 and Mohd Muzamir Mahat1*
1School of Physics and Materials Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Polyaniline, a form of conductive polymer was synthesized through chemical oxidation method
using phosphoric acid as dopant. During the synthesis, HCl protonates the aniline forming a long
chain, namely polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES). Prior the incorporation of phosphoric
acid, PANI-ES was dedoped by NaOH producing polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI-EB).
Subsequently, the PANI-EB was doped with Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at different concentration
of 10% v/v, 20% v/v and 30% v/v. Since the sample was tested in fabric form, cotton and
polyester was impregnated in the prepared PANI solutions. All sample prepared were
characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM),
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to investigate
the molecular transition, chemical structure, morphology, conductivity and elemental
composition respectively. Both UV-Vis and FTIR revealed the presence of benzenoid and
quinoid structure within the samples which is correspond to polyaniline structure. FESEM
images showed more expressive effect of the different in concentration of dopant in polyester
fabric than cotton fabric. This is in line with the conductivity result of EIS that showed higher
conductivity on polyester sample where highest conductivity was obtained at 30 v/v % (1.62 x
10-4 S/m ± 2.30 x 10-4). XRF analysis was carried out to confirm the elemental composition
that present on the sample, especially the dopant component (phosphate group). To conclude,
polyaniline doped phosphoric acid has been successfully synthesized and incorporated into
fabric.
Keywords: polyaniline, conductive fabrics, phosphoric acid
150
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND CRYSTAL PHASE OF ZrO2 CATALYST
GENERATED VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD
Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, the morphology and crystal phase of electrogenerated zirconia nanoparticles
(EGZrO2) was prepared via simple electrochemical method. A pure tetragonal zirconia was
formed at a lower calcination temperature without any additional of chemical during preparation
step. It is suggested that the use of tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEAP) in the electrolysis
system was responsible for the stabilization formation of t-EGZrO2 by preventing the
agglomeration of metal clusters with undesired powders, subsequently decrease in ZrO2 crystal
size. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was subjected to the degradation of
phenol in an aqueous solution. The result shows that almost complete of phenol was degraded
using 0.4 mg/L of catalyst dosage at pH 9 under light irradiation within 1 hour of contact time.
Therefore, a good photoactivity of t-EGZrO2 toward phenol degradation with simple process will
exhibits great potential for improving the quality of wastewater discharge from industries.
Keywords: morphology, crystal phase, electrogenerated, zirconia, tetragonal, photocatalytic
151
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
PREPARATION OF HIGH PURITY AMORPHOUS SILICA FROM OIL PALM
FROND (OPF)ASH VIA ACID LEACHING TREATMENT
Nor Surayah Osman and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
High purity amorphous silica was successfully prepared from oil palm frond (OPF) ash via acid
leaching treatment using citric acid at optimum temperature, reaction time and concentration.
The prepared silica were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and ultraviolet-visible
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) which exhibit the significant different on the
OPF ash before and after acid leaching treatment.
Keywords: oil palm frond OPF, acid leaching treatment, silica
152
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
USING GARCINIA MANGOSTANA PEEL EXTRACT FOR
DEGRADATION OF MALACHITE GREEN
Mohd Ariff Rustam and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A simple electrosynthesis method of AgO nanoparticle catalysts using new supporting
electrolyte made up from plant crude extract was studied. The catalysts were characterized using
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showing the purity and nature of the AgO nanoparticles with the
bands in fingerprint region below 1000 cm-1. A 10 mg L–1 malachite green was nearly complete
degraded (97.9%) when using 0.5 g L–1 of AgO catalyst, respectively, at pH 2 under light
irradiation; while compared to conventional method synthesized of AgO which only gave 63.0%
of malachite green degradation. The degradation followed pseudo first–order kinetic rationalized
Langmuir Hinshelwood model with KR = 0.7160 mg L−1 min−1 and KLH = 0.4847 L mg−1 for
AgO catalyst, resulted that the reaction would occur in the bulk solution as well as at the surface
of the catalyst. Excellent activity towards degradation of malachite green promises the catalysts
to be used in textiles industry wastewater treatment and also other applications.
Keywords: electrosynthesis, Garcinia mangostana, AgO nanoparticles, malachite green,
photocatalytic
153
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF Zn-Cu SUPPORTED CALCINED EGG SHELLS
FOR REMOVAL OF CONGO RED
Nurul Fahmi Khairol and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The zinc-copper supported calcined egg shells (ZnO-CuO/CES) were generated via a simple
electrochemical method. The physico-chemical properties of catalysts were identified by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The catalysts photocatalytic activity was studied under various
parameters which are effect of pH, metal loading, catalyst dosage, and initial dye concentration.
Approximately around 98% of 10 mg L-1 Congo red (CR) was degrade by 1.0 g L-1 1:5wt%
ZnO-CuO/CES at pH 3. Nearly complete mineralization of CR was accomplished as refer to
biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses. The catalysts
were stable after five cycles with just small decrement (<10%) of degradation percentage without
ions leaching. The degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetic rationalized Langmuir-
Hinshelwood model.
Keyword: Zn-Cu/CES catalyst, electrochemical, photocatalytic, Congo red
154
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE
USING HIBISCUS LEAF EXTRACT VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD
FOR PHENOL DEGRADATION
Muhammad Syahin Firdaus Aziz Zamri and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Biological synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using electrochemical method has always been
a better alternative compared to the conventional methods. The present study has developed an
eco-friendly method for green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via electrochemical
method using the presence hibiscus leaf extract as green support electrolyte. The catalysts were
characterized using various analytical instruments such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The
presence of biological components inside the crude extract helped to alter the shape, surface
area, pore size and volume for synthesized TiO2 which eventually could help in increasing the
performance of the catalyst.
Keywords: electrosynthesis, Garcinia mangostana, AgO nanoparticles, malachite green,
photocatalytic
155
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS COMPOUND
IN SMOKE PARTICULATE AT THREE DIFFERENT COMBUSTION
STAGES FROM BURNING OF RHIZOPHORA APICULATA,
MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON AND HEVEA BRASILIENSIS WOOD
Suhaimi Suratman1,2, Tan Hock Seng1, Mhd Radzi Abas3 and Norhayati Mohd Tahir1
1Institute of Oceanography and Environment
2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Chemistry Department, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) compound emitted in smoke particulate from burning of Rhizophora
apiculata, Melaleuca leucadendron and Hevea Brasilensis at smoldering, flaming and charring
stage. Smoke particulate was sampled using Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) High Volume
Sampler at rate of 1.13m3/min and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was extracted with
dichloromethane-methanol (3:1 v/v) using ultrasonic agitation. Fractionation of PAHs was
carried out on alumina-silica column and analyse with GC-MS. Results obtained showed most
samples exhibit highest total identified PAHs (TIPAH) in smoldering stage with formation of
three rings and above PAHs increases from smoldering to flaming and reduce as combustion
enter charring stage. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were the dominant PAHs detected
in the wood smoke particulate depending to combustion stages. In overall, emission and
formation of PAHs compounds are strongly dependent combustion stages as well as other factors
such as wood morphology, species, moisture content and combustion temperature.
Keywords: smoke aerosols, biomass burning, combustion process, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons.
156
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
HEAVY METALS IN MARSH CLAM (POLYMESODA EXPANSA) AS
BIOINDICATOR FOR POLLUTION IN SAND MINING AREA OFF
KELANTAN RIVER, MALAYSIA
Abdul Hafidz Yusoff1*, Nurul Nashuha Roslan1, Azwan Mat Lazim2, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir2,
Nor Fakihin Aqsa1 and Minhaz Farid Ahmed
1Advance Industrial Biotechnology Cluster (AdBic), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor
3Institute for The Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 Bangi Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract:
Sand mining activities at the Kelantan River affect the river ecosystem. Several studies have
been carried out to investigate the impact of sand mining to the water quality of Kelantan River.
However, there are lack of study on the effect of sand mining to the organism. Therefore, the
aim of this study is to assess the concentration level of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in bivalve of genus
(Polymesoda Expansa) marsh clam from the Kelantan River tributaries namely Semarak and
Geting River which are located near to sand mining area. More than 50 marsh clams were
collected at these sites. Heavy metals in marsh clam were extracted using aqua regia methods
and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The result shows the mean
concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu at Semarak River are 4.61 ppm, 2.16 ppm, 194 ppm and
6.20 ppm respectively. While the concentrations at Geting River are 4.43ppm, 2.50 ppm, 196
ppm and 7.90 ppm respectively. The pattern of metal concentration within the whole tissue of
marsh clams (Polymesoda Expansa) from Geting River and Semarak River can be presented as
the following rank Zn> Pb> Cd>Cu. The mean concentration of selected metals (Zn, Cd, Pb) in
the samples were exceeded the permissible limit provide by Malaysia Food Safety and Food
Regulation 1985, FAO/WHO, Ministry of Health Thailand and Food and Drug administration
of United States (USFDA). Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to avoid increasing
health risk for aquatic life as well as human.
Keywords: marsh clams, bioaccumulation, heavy metals, aquatic environment, Kelantan river
157
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS USING HYBRID
GRAPHITE NANOFLAKES/MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES,
AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA AND GRAPHITE
NANOFLAKES
Haslina Ahmad,1,2* Vilander Vince Laini,1 Tan Zhi Qian,1 Radhiah Mohd Jelani1, Fatin Ahza Rosli1
and Sazlinda Kamaruzzaman1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia bIntegrated Chemical Biophysics Research Centre, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Noxious heavy metal ions contamination has become a serious environmental problem
nowadays. Among all of the toxic heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion, is the most commonly
encountered in industrial and agricultural wastewater and in acidic wash-away from landfills
site. Long-term consumption of water containing high level of lead ion would cause serious
disorders, such as anemia, kidney disease, nausea, convulsions, coma, renal failure, and cancer,
along with subtly negative effects on metabolism and intelligence. Hence, the removal of lead
traces from the environment has gained a special concern due to their persistence. In this study,
batch experiments were conducted to study the capability of hybrid graphite
nanoflakes/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (GnP/MSNs) for the removal of lead, against amine
functionalized mesoporous silica (NH2-MSN) and pristine graphite nanoflakes (GnP). The
influence of several parameters such as pH of the aqueous sample, amount of adsorbent, initial
concentration of the lead (II) ions and contact time were examined to optimize the adsorption
efficiency of the adsorbents under study. Lead (II) ion can be extracted at pH 4 from sample
volume of 10 mL with concentration of 10 ppm by utilizing 10 mg of each respective adsorbent.
The analysis of the sample was done by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS).
Furthermore, GnP/MSNs also has greatly reduced the aggregation of pristine graphite in water
in which GnP/MSNs is more easily to be removed from tested sample by centrifugation process
compared to pristine graphite. Besides, the hybridization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with
graphite nanoparticles has also enhanced the thermal stability and chemical stability of the
nanoparticles which enable it to be employed in a much wider usage. However, in term of
consistency and selectivity of the lead (II) ions removal, NH2-MSN show the highest efficiency
since it is able to remove lead (II) ions in a more concentrated sample with systematic order.
Keyword: mesoporous silica nanoparticles, graphite nanoflakes, lead, hybrid nanoparticles
158
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN E-CIGARETTE LIQUIDS AND
AEROSOLS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY (GCMS)
Mohd Naeem bin Mohd Nawi*1, Sharifah Mazrah Sayed Mohamed Zain2 and Mohd Fairulnizal Md
Noh3
1Nutrition Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical
Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52,
Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor 2Enviromental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR),
National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam,
40170, Shah Alam, Selangor 3Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR),
National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13,
Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (EC) are battery-powered metal devices with heating element and refillable
liquid-containing cartridge (e-liquids). The e-liquids contains humectants such as propylene
glycol (PG), glycerine, flavourings and nicotine. The heating element in e-cigarette device
aerosolized the e-liquids when the power source of e-cigarette is pressed. These aerosols mimic
the aerosol emitted from the conventional cigarettes. Main purpose of the study is to evaluate
the chemical composition of e-liquids and their resultant aerosol for possible similarities and
differences. We analysed the volatile organic compounds in e-liquids and the aerosols samples
from EC using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Chemical substances from 72 e-liquids
samples and their resultant aerosols were analysed. Our data identified 116 compounds from e-
liquids and 275 compounds from their resultant aerosol samples. At least 60% (n=43) of the e-
liquids and the resultant aerosol samples contain nicotine. We also detected chemicals such as
acetaldehyde, propylene oxide, acrolein, acetone, xylenes, styrene, and benzaldehyde in the
aerosol samples. Ten aerosol samples contained acetaldehyde and 57 aerosol samples contained
acrolein, which are known as hazardous air pollutants. Significant increases were detected in
aerosols compared to e-liquids samples for certain compounds such as ethyl acetate, 2(3H)-
Furanone, 5-hexyldihydro- and 1,2-Propanediol, 2-Acetate. Forty-five compounds were found
to be present in either e-liquids or aerosol samples only. E-liquids contains various compounds
such as Propylene Glycol, Glycerin and Nicotine. Formation of the compounds could be linked
to the aerosolization process during the usage of EC which have potential implications to health.
In line with this, there is an urgent need to develop a standard guideline on the specification of
e-liquids as well as the device.
Keywords: E-cigarettes, aerosol, refill
159
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF CHITOSAN BASED UREA FERTILISERS IN SOIL AND WATER
Amierul Hakiem Azhari1*, Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor2, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim3 and Mohd
Muzamir Mahat1*
1Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Slow release fertiliser is an interest due to the demand in producing controllable properties of
fertiliser. This is crucial to avoid the excess amount of nutrients supplied to a plant, which can
lead to environmental issues and disturbance of plant’s growth. This study reports the synthesis
of chitosan based urea fertilisers (CBUF) by direct wet mixing method. They were prepared in
three different formulations, followed by exposure to soil and water. These CBUFs were
characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red and Scanning electron
microscope (SEM). Any changes of phases, functional groups and morphologies of the CBUF
after the exposure were identified using afore mentioned techniques. We found that after 14
days exposing to soil and water, some XRD peaks were depleted due to loss of nutrient
components. FTIR analysis shows the similar trends due to loss of some functional groups. These
are in line with the change of CBUF morphologies, supporting the first two findings. We
recorded the weight loss of CBUF after the expose in soil. This is due to microbial activity within
the soils system. We found that, there is an increase of water absorption activity of CBUF after
exposing to water which due to amount of hydrophilic components added in the CBUF. This
study embarks an approach to the slow release fertiliser, plus revealing their release mechanism.
Keywords: chitosan based urea fertilisers (CBUF), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-
red, scanning electron microscope
160
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
STUDY ON THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF PHENOL USING
ELECTROGENERATED ZIRCONIA CATALYST
Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
An electrogenerated ZrO2 catalyst was prepared through a simple electrochemical method which
resulted in superior photoactivity toward phenolic compound degradation. Almost complete
degradation of 10 mg L-1 phenol solution in an aqueous solution was achieved using 0.4 g L−1 of
ZrO2 catalyst within 1 h of contact time at pH 9 under light irradiation. The photodegradation
reaction was followed pseudo first–order kinetic rationalized Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.
An excellent photo-activity toward phenol degradation makes ZrO2 catalyst could be practically
use in textiles industry wastewater treatment and also other applications.
Keywords: ZrO2, electrochemical, photocatalytic, phenol, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model
161
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM SKEWER OF
COCONUT LEAVES FOR REMOVAL METHYLENE BLUE
Yusak Asri Mohd Esa and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) was extract from skewer of coconut leaves and
modified to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), in order to adsorb methylene blue in an
aqueous solution. The performance of adsorption was evaluated under several condition: effect
of pH (3,5,7,9,11), adsorbent dosage (0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 g/L), initial dye concentration
(10,20,30,50,70,100 ppm), and temperature (30,50,70 ºC). The optimum condition was obtained
at pH 7 using 0.3 g of MSNs with 95% removal of 10 ppm MB dye under room temperature.
The nature of adsorption process followed Langmuir type I with pseudo-second order kinetic
model. In addition, thermodynamics study shows the reaction is exothermic, spontaneous and
physisorption in nature.
Keywords: silica nanoparticles (SNPs), skewer coconut leaves, methylene blue, adsorption
162
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM BANANA PEEL ASH FOR
REMOVAL OF PHENOL AND METHYL ORANGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Diyana Faziha Mohamad and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Nowadays, the agriculture and domestic activities has increased on producing the wastewater
that containing high concentration of organic pollutants such as phenol and methyl orange (MO)
dye. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) was extract from banana peel ash and undergo modification to
produce mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The ability of MSNs to adsorb phenol and
MO under several different conditions were examined which are effect of pH (3-11), adsorbent
dosage (0.1-0.5 g/L), initial dyes concentration (10-50 ppm), and temperature (303-343 K). An
amount of 0.4 g/L MSNs give 92.6% and 91.1% removal of 10 ppm phenol and MO at pH 5 and
pH 3, in respectively under 343 K. Isotherm study reveals that the reaction follows Langmuir
Type I with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic study shows the exothermic
reaction is occurred for phenol, while endothermic reaction is for MO. The excellent
performance of the MSNs is believed could be applied for removal other type of organic
contaminants in wastewater.
Keywords: silica nanoparticles (SNPs), banana peel extracts, phenol, methyl orange,
adsorption
163
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLE FROM BAMBOO LEAVES
ASH FOR REMOVAL OF METHYL ORANGE AND PHENOL
Mohd Khairul Hanif Mohd Nazri and Norzahir Sapawe*
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, the bamboo leave was used to generate silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and undergo
modification to form mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), and examine its ability to adsorb
phenol and MO. Several parameters were carried out such as effect of pH (3-11), adsorbent
dosage (0.1-0.5 g/L), initial dyes concentration (10-50 ppm), and temperature (303-343 K). The
suitable pH for the removal of phenol and MO were at pH 5 and pH 3 using 0.4 g/L of MSNs
with a rapid removal 93.8% and 97.2% of 10 ppm phenol and MO at 343 K, respectively. An
exccellent performance of MSNs shows it could be potential to be applied as alternative low-
cost adsorbent in the remediation of organic contamination in wastewater.
Keywords: silica nanoparticles (SNPs), bamboo leaves ash, phenol, methyl orange, low-cost
adsorbent
164
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF
TRIAZOLE-CONTAINING METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS)
Thahira Begum S. A Ravoof1,2*, Nurul Nabihah Mohamad Ishak2 and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed
Tahir3
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attention amongst researchers due to
their exceptional properties. Generally, MOFs represent a new class of porous crystalline
materials which contain organic linkers and inorganic joints. One of the main advantages of
MOFs as materials is the diversity of transition metals that can be present in the various
compositions in the structures. In particular, the synthesis of MOFs with nitrogen-rich ligands
are extremely versatile materials. Two new mixed ligand coordination polymers containing
cadmium (II) ions were successfully synthesised under solvothermal conditions by the self-
assembly of carboxylate derivatives and aminotriazole. The compounds were characterised via
Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) analysis and the topology of the compound
was determined by Scanning Emission Microscopy (SEM). Peaks present at low angles in the
PXRD pattern indicated the formation of a large lattice unit cell of the frameworks. The
compounds were also structurally characterised by Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction analysis
(SXRD). Both colorless block crystals crystallized in a monoclinic system with I 2/m space
group. Each cadmium (II) ion was six-coordinated by one N atom from the aminotriazole and
diaminotriazole ligands and one O atom each from two carboxylate ligands. These compounds
are currently being evaluated as materials for nitrobenzene reduction
Keywords: metal-organic frameworks, Cd(II), azole, crystal structure, three dimensional
frameworks
165
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ENZYME CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION OF SUGAR BY
THERMOSTABLE T1 LIPASE FROM Geobacillus Zalihae IN IONIC LIQUID
Emilia Abdulmalek1,2*, Hanim Salami Mohd Saupi1, Syarilaida Zulkefli1 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul
Rahman1,2
1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The effectiveness of T1 lipase from Geobacillus zalihae strain as enzyme in esterification
reaction to form fatty acid sugar ester was investigated. The reaction was carried out in
[Bmim]BF4 where dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a co-solvent to dissolve the sugars.
The optimization was done using galactose as the acyl acceptor and oleic acid as the acyl donor,
by varying the temperature, time, enzyme loading and acyl donor. The optimum conditions
obtained were temperature (65°C), time (120 min) and enzyme loading (3% (w/w)) when carried
out in mixture of DMSO:[Bmim][BF4] (1:20). The length of the acyl donor was found to have
no effect on the percentage of conversion. Under the optimum conditions, reaction of linoleic
acid with various sugar (galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose and xylitol) was
carried out and the conversion using sucrose was the best at 65%.
Keywords: T1 lipase, Geobacillus zalihae strain, fatty acid sugar ester, ionic liquid,
esterification
166
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
IONOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF Zn-BASED METAL ORGANIC
FRAMEWORKS IN PYRIDINIUM IONIC LIQUID
Haslina Ahmad1, 2*, Nur Aininie Yusoh1, Khairulazhar Jumbri3 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2
1Chemistry Department, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia 2Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas,
Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous frameworks which have been
investigated as absorbent for removing dye, metal ion, drug contaminant, and organic solvent
from water. However, the traditional synthesis of MOF involves the use of organic solvents and
also requires high temperature; termed solvothermal reaction. This study aimed to synthesis
MOF in a rather mild condition (room temperature) using ionic liquids (ILs) instead of organic
solvents. Theoretically, high ionic conductivity of cetyl pyridinium bromide (C16PyBr) ionic
liquid can develop novel MOF compounds thus, this study also aimed to investigate the possible
effects of using ionic liquid in MOF synthesis. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) was
used as the metal precursor and was reacted with the organic linkers, which is either benzene-
1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) or benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (H2BDC), at 6:1 ratio in C16PyBr
ionic liquid at room temperature. We hope to fabricate Zn-BDC and Zn-BTC MOFs with the
same compositions, and thus recognize the effects of ILs. The Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD)
and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of both newly synthesized MOFs
showed that both Zn-BDC and Zn-BTC MOFs can be reproduced with these conditions. ILs
have also been found to significantly accelerate the formation of MOFs at room temperature as
the reaction time is shortened to 6 hours in IL, meanwhile the organic solvent DMF needs at
least 120 hours.
Keywords: metal organic frameworks, ionic liquids, Zn-BDC, Zn-BTC
167
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF
RHENIUM(I) COMPLEX WITH CINNAMOYL-PYRIDYLPYRAZOLE
LIGAND
Wun Fui Mark-Lee1, Yan Yi Chong2, Azizul Hakim Lahuri1 and Mohammad B. Kassim2
1Department of Basic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus 2Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Re(I) complexes have been described as a promising tool for DNA probes where Re(I)
tricarbonyl complexes have favourable structural features suitable for DNA intercalation.
Herein, a new polypyridyl complex fac-[Re(N∧N)(CO)3Cl] (N^N = 1-cinnamoyl-3-(pyridin-2-
yl)pyrazole) abbreviated as Re(CO)3(CnPyPz)Cl was synthesised and characterised with
infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopies and X-ray
crystallography. The IR spectra featured three (CO), (C=O), (CN) and (CC) signals at
1862-2019, 1724, 1609 and 1497 cm1, respectively. The 13C NMR spectra showed three CO
(190.0 – 198.1 ppm) signals whereas the 1H spectrum for Re(CO)3(CnPyPz)Cl exhibited two
pairs of doublet (7.81 and 8.18 ppm) for the vinyl H of the HCCH of the cinnamoyl group. The
UV-Vis spectra of the complexes exhibited a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) broad band
in the region of 360-390 nm. The Re(CO)3(CnPyPz)Cl complex crystallised in a triclinic crystal
system with P-1 space group.
Keywords: rhenium(I) polypyridine, pyridylpyrazole, cinnamoyl
168
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
BIOANALYSIS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Cucurbita Moschata
Norfarizan Hanoon Noor Azmi* and Nor Aniza Mohmad Aspar
Nutrition and Dietetic Programme, School of Health Sciences, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) has been receiving an increasing attention due to its nutritional
value and antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate the chemical compositions, total
phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity of the pumpkin flour (PF) and pumpkin seed
flour (PSF). PF and PSF undergo proximate analysis using AOAC methods. Minerals
composition was analyzed using AAS following standardized technique. Antioxidant activity was
determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity while
total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. PF had a significant
higher moisture, ash, and carbohydrate but lower calorie content as compared to both PSF and
control flour (P< 0.001). PSF had a significant higher crude fat (34.58 ± 0.62%), crude
protein (32.73 ± 0.85%), calorie (608.90 ± 0.98 kcal/100 g) and crude fiber (13.33 ± 0.29%)
content as compared to PF and control flour (P<0.001). PSF has a significantly higher iron and
copper content than PF and control flour (P < 0.001) while there is no significant differences in
the zinc content between PF and PSF. Besides, the highest TPC was detected in control flour
while there is no significant differences in the TPC between PF (5.49 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g) and PSF
(5.38 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g) (P = 0.95). PF was found to be the most potent scavenger with (67.59±
1.10%) of radical scavenging activity at concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The DPPH radical
scavenging activity of PF in all concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to PSF
(P < 0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of PF in all concentrations was significantly
higher than control flour except for concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. In conclusion, PF and PSF
may be potentially used as a functional ingredient to improve the nutritional values of food.
Keywords: chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, Cucurbita
moschata, pumpkin flour, pumpkin seed flour
169
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF
FUNCTIONAL GUMMY IN MALAYSIA CURRENT MARKET
Muhammad Afiq Fikri Md Jamil, Shahiman Manja Saharil, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim,
Mohd Muzamir Mahat*
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Nowadays, functional gummies are one of the fastest growing nutraceutical segments in food
industry. Every nutraceutical companies have produce their own functional gummies products
to be consumed by consumers. Sensory evaluation is performed to investigate which of the
products are popular and would be choose by the majority of consumers. Texture profile analysis
will give the exact values of mechanical properties of the functional gummies. Thus, these
evaluations will give the insights on which attributes have the most preferred by the population.
The brands are Redoxon, Chewies, Nature Way, Biolife, Scott’s, Guardian and LOT100. Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy would detect the organic material and functional groups that
contain in the functional gummies. From Texture profile analysis to the gummies, mechanical
properties obtained from the analysis are cohesiveness, springiness, hardness, gumminess and
chewiness. Scott’s brand has the highest value of cohesiveness with 0.92 and Nature Way has
high springiness value with 1.00. Biolife have the highest value for hardness, gumminess and
chewiness with the value of 12 532.2 g, 7617.6 N, and 6256.8 J respectively. For sensory
evaluation of functional gummies, LOT100 has been chosen by most of the respondent to have
the attractive color and appearance. Biolife has the best taste and Nature Way has the most
gumminess and chewiness characteristics. For overall acceptability, Nature Way is the most
preferable among the respondents. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy shows there are no
significant differences between all the samples.
Keywords: food analysis, texture profile analysis, FTIR, sensory evaluation
170
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SEPARATION CHEMISTRY
EFFECTS OF ANOMERIC NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS ON THE
STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSIONS
Akmal A.M. Raffi and Hairul A.A. Hamid*
School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Emulsions have been widely used in many industries such as food, health treatment, and
pharmaceutical industries. This research was done with the aim of to know the effects of
anomeric non-ionic surfactant on the stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Another
objective of this research was to characterize the emulsion mixtures using creaming index
measurement, optical polarizing microscope, and tensiometer. The creaming index
measurements show that the α-surfactant (0.00% w/v–1.00% w/v) emulsion samples have a
constant creaming index value which is 60%. The β-surfactant emulsion samples show the lower
creaming index values ranging from 56.7% (0.25% w/v) to 55.6% (0.50% w/v–1.00% w/v). The
optical polarizing microscope is used in order to determine the droplet size of the emulsion. The
emulsion mixtures containing the α-surfactant produce the biggest droplet size of 19.64 µm and
the smallest droplet size of 9.98 µm. The emulsion mixtures containing the β-surfactant obtain
the biggest droplet size of 21.45 µm and the smallest droplet size of 4.86 µm. The biggest and
smallest droplet sizes of the emulsion mixtures corresponding to the samples with 0.00% w/v
and 1.00% w/v of surfactant concentrations. Samples with β-surfactant give better droplet size
distribution and more stable system as compared with the samples with α-surfactant. The
measurements of surface tension have been carried out using the tensiometer. The largest value
of 23.00 mN/m and the smallest value of 22.00 mN/m surface tensions are obtained from the
emulsion samples with α-surfactant. The β-surfactant samples provide the highest and lowest
surface tension values which are 23.00 mN/m and 21.77 mN/m, respectively.
Keywords: O/W emulsions, non-ionic surfactant, creaming index, droplet size, surface tension
171
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ANALYSIS OF INK ON PAPER USING OPTIMIZED METHOD ATR-FTIR
Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim1*, Putri Nabihah Abdul Khofar1, Sarah Nadhirah Hasrin Rathi1,
Mohd Muzamir Mahat1 and Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam. 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perak, 35400 Tapah, Perak
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Inks are made of dyes, pigments, resins, solvents and additives which are unique for ink
identification. In forensic document examination, non-destructive technique such as Attenuated
Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) is preferable as it provide fast
analysis and minimal sample preparation. However, forensic document examiner facing
difficulties in selecting the best parameter in analysing ink on paper using ATR-FTIR technique.
Therefore, this research focuses on establishing the optimize method and discriminate different
types of ballpoint pen inks based on the parameters tested. A sample was first analysed using
different types of crystals, number of scans and resolutions followed by apodization, zero-filling
and automatic atmospheric suppression to be optimized. The optimized method was then used
to analyse the chemical composition of five different ballpoint pen inks deposited on A4 paper.
Each spectrum produced was examined based on the smoothness, sharpness, separation of the
peaks and the number of noisy peaks present. Results show that diamond crystal with the number
of scans of 4 and resolution of 8 cm-1, Happ-Genzel apodization, no zero-filling and automatic
atmospheric suppression are the optimized and best method for ballpoint pen inks on paper.
Different brands of ink were able to be discriminated using the optimized method.
Keyword: ink, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR),
parameters
172
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER FIRECRACKER USING FTIR
SPECTROSCOPY
Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim1*, Mohd Muzamir Mahat1, Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim2,
Muhd Fauzi Safian1 and Zaidah Zainal Arifin1
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perak, 35400 Tapah, Perak
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Fireworks and firecrackers are classified as a low explosive, however it can be lethal. In
Malaysia, fireworks and firecrackers can be easily purchased from black market during festive
season. Ironically, people are not aware on the harmful effect of these explosives which
contribute to high cases of severe injuries or even death. This study proposed simple and fast
analysis on consumer firecracker for post-blast residues using non-destructive technique of
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Five
different consumer firecrackers which are rocket, ‘mercun bola’, ‘mercun naga’, ‘mercun
gasing’ and ‘mercun mini merdeka’ were used as low explosives sample. Samples were exploded
at on open field area with permission from local authority. The residues were sampled carefully
with dry cotton swabs and brought to the lab for the analysis. Presumptive tests such as modified
griess test and diphenylamine test show positive colour change for some samples. For ATR-
FTIR, the compounds from the firecracker found to be components of potassium chlorate,
barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate or charcoal. Non-destructive and fast
analysis from this study could be used as a complementary technique for the analysis of
consumer firecrackers.
Keywords: firecrackers, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR)
spectroscopy, presumptive test.
173
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR
QUANTIFICATION OF DOCETAXEL IN PALM-BASED
NANOEMULSION AEROSOLS
Azren Aida Asmawi1, Norazlinaliza Salim1, Mas Jaffri Masarudin2, Emilia Abdulmalek1 and Mohd
Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1*
1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the most potent of
chemotherapeutic drugs used for lung cancer treatment are the taxanes, including docetaxel.
However, the drugs’ efficacy in combating the disease is reduced due to their poor solubility,
low stability and high toxicity. Inhalation therapy of lipid-based carrier has great potential in
direct target towards the respiratory diseases. Hence, application of aerosolized palm-based
nanoemulsion system is one approach to alleviate the drawbacks. This study describes the
development and validation of method that can quantitate the amount of docetaxel in
nanoemulsion formulation via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Chromatographic analysis was conducted using a reversed phase C18 column with a mixture of
acetonitrile and water (50:50) adjusted to pH 3.0 as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0
mL/min and the detection was carried out by UV-visible detector at 228 nm. The developed
method was validated in terms of linearity, spesificity, accuracy and precision accordance with
the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The calibration curve was
linear (r2 = 0.999) over the concentration range from 62.5 to 1000 μg/mL with lower limit of
detection (LOD) of 9.49 µg/mL and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of 28.75 µg/mL. The
percentage relative standard deviation for both intra and inter-day precision was less than 2%,
while percentage recovery was more than 90%, indicating the precision and accuracy of the
study. The developed HPLC method was proved as suitable and reliable for its intended
application.
Keywords: aerosols, lung cancer, docetaxel, nanoemulsion, high-performance liquid
chromatography
174
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN ENATIOMERS
WITH BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN
Asma Omar Obaid*, Siti Munirah Saharin, Arniza Khairani Mohd Jamil and Sharifah Mohamad
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
The interaction between ketoprofen enantiomers R(−) and S(+) with beta-cyclodextrin was
explored using spectrophotometry techniques. The UV and fluorescence spectra showed distinct
differences between R(−) and S(+) enantiomers in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin. Both
enantiomers form 1:1 host-guest complex resulting from UV and fluorescence experiments. The
thermodynamic parameter ΔG and binding constant were calculated at 303 K using Benesi–
Hildebrand plot. This result indicated that beta-CD formed the complexes with the R(−)-ketoprofen
more preferentially than its S(+)-enantiomer. This preliminary study revealed that beta-
cycldodextrin can be used as chiral selector for ketoprofen enantiomers.
Keywords: inclusion complex, spectrophotometry, β-cyclodextrin, ketoprofen enantiomer,
chiral recognition
175
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE
(GSR) ON DIFFERENT AMMUNITIONS USING ATTENUATED TOTAL
REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
(ATR-FTIR)
Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin*, Mohd Izzharif Abdul Halim and Zainiharyati Mohd Zain
School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
One of the major needs of law enforcement (Royal Malaysian Police) nowadays is a method that
can quickly, accurately and inexpensively identify the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) on the
hand of shooter as well as on the target material. Currently, in Malaysia the only method
available for the identification of chemical composition of GSR is scanning electron microscopy
equipped wih Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) which very costly analysis. Considering the
real situation of crime scene, the amount of GSR evidence found is very crucial. Therefore, fast,
reliable and nondestructive methods are required in analyzing the GSR sample. This study
reports the application of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) in analyzing the chemical composition of Organic GSR (OGSR) and the
unburned propellant from six different brands of ammunitions. The results have successfully
differentiated the different brands of ammunition. As a consequence, the used of ATR-FTIR
analysis demonstrate great potential for forensic chemical analysis purpose.
Keywords: Organic Gunshot residue (OGSR), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform
Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ammunition, firearms
176
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
SEPARATION OF A DIASTEREOMERIC PENTACYCLIC OXINDOLE
ALKALOIDS OF UNCARIA LONGIFLORA VAR. PTEROPODA
BY USING RECYCLING HPLC
Nurul Aina Suzlin Sulaiman1,2*, Yusri Mohd Yunus1 and Fatimah Salim2,3
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2Atta– ur– Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns),
Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3Center of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil Campus,
43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
A mixture of diastereomeric pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs), pteropodine and
isopteropodine, was previously isolated from the leaf extract of Uncaria longiflora var.
pteropoda. The two POAs have been reported to possess various biological activities including
to anti-cancer, anti-asthma and anti-diabetes. The separation dan purification of the two POAs
are quite tedious as they only differ at C-7 position of their stucture. Thus, the present work
reports on their purification by using recycling-high performance liquid chromatographic
technique. A good separation was achieved with an injection volume of 10 mg/ml, isocratic
elution of CH3CN and H2O (8:2) and flow rate of 10.0 ml/min. Isopteropodine and pteropodine
were eluted after two complete cycles at minutes 65 and 50, respectively.
Keywords: recycling-high performance liquid chromatography, pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids,
isopteropodine, pteropodine
177
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
UHPLC PROFILING OF THE LEAF, TWIG AND FLOWER EXTRACTS
OF ERYTHRINA FUSCA LOUR. AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES
Adiez Sapura Azmi1*, Norina Abdul Rahim1, Zuriati Zahari1 and Fatimah Salim2,3
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia 2Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil, 43800, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Erythrina fusca Lour. belongs to the legume family, Fabaceae, is a species of flowering tree and
locally known as ‘chengkering’. The plant is traditionally used for anti-inflammatory, relieving
migraine, irritation and dressing a fresh wound. In this work, the methanolic crude extracts of
the leaves, twigs and flowers were profiled on a reversed-phase ultrahighperformance liquid
chromatography (UHPLC) to obtain comparative information on their chemical composition and
complexity. The crude extracts were also assesed on the cytotoxic activity againts human liver
cancer cell line (HepG2) and monkey kidney normal cell (Vero). The extracts were found to be
non-toxic to the both cell lines with IC50 values more than 100 mg/ml.
Keywords: erythrina fusca Lour., UHPLC, cytotoxicity
178
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS AND THE
ISOLATION OF LOLIOLIDE FROM ELEUSINE INDICA (L. GAERTN)
Nur Syahirah Mad Sukor1* and Fatimah Salim2,3
1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia
2Atta-Ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product and Discovery (AuRins), Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil, 43800 Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Eleusine Indica, locally known as “rumput sambau” is a perennial herb belongs to the Poaceae
family. It is the only Eleusine species that can be found abundantly in Malaysia. This plant is
been used traditionally to treat various illnesess by many different countries including Malaysia.
Many biological activities have been reported on Eleusine Indica but less phytochemical works
have been done. In the present work, chromatographic profiling carried out on the hexane and
methanol extracts of this plant revealed on the comparative information of their chemical
composition that could be further isolated and characterised. This paper also reports on the
isolation of loliolide which is achieved using semi-preparative liquid chromatography and
recycling-high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Loliolide is the first time been
reported in this plant.
Keywords: Eleusine indica, loliolide, semi-preparative liquid chromatography, recycling high
performance liquid chromatography
179
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ABSTRACT - POSTER
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF TALC POWDER
Krit Won-in1*, Siriwat Soontaranon2 and Pisutti Dararutana3
1 Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
2 Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand 3 Retired Army Officer, Royal Thai Army, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
It is well-known that asbestos is a fiber causing lung diseases such as asbestosis and
mesotheliona. It is a generic term for several types of naturally occurring fibrous silicate
minerals. Baby talc powder is used for preventing diaper rash, as a deodorant. It may be
composed of talc which is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. Talc is used for
commercial applications such as paints, plastics, papers, ceramics, construction materials and
cosmetics. In this work, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was carried out to study the structure and composition of talc powder
samples that sold in Thailand’s markets. It was shown that their compositions were mainly
contained with silica and magnesium. Like-asbestos structures were found to distribute in some
samples. They were also confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering based on synchrotron
radiation (SR SAXS). More details will be discussed. X-ray spectroscopy is successfully
technique to detect the asbestos fiber.
Keywords: talc powder, asbestos, SEM-EDS, SR SAXS, x-ray spectroscopy
180
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
DAY 1 (15 AUGUST 2019 – THURSDAY)
Time ADVANCED
MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMISTRY
SYNTHESIS
CHEMISTRY BIOANALYSIS
SEPARATION
CHEMISTRY
ROOM I ROOM II ROOM III ROOM IV ROOM V ROOM VI
09.00 – 09.45 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 1
09.45 – 10.00 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
10.00 – 10.40 Invited
Speaker 1
Invited
Speaker 2
Invited
Speaker 3
Invited
Speaker 4
Invited
Speaker 5
10.40 – 11.00 ADV-01 ENV-01 ENV-21 SYN-01 BIO-01 SEP-01
11.00 – 11.20 ADV-02 ENV-02 ENV-22 SYN-02 BIO-02 SEP-02
11.20 – 11.40 ADV-03 ENV-03 ENV-23 SYN-03 BIO-03 SEP-03
11.40 – 12.00 ADV-04 ENV-04 ENV-24 SYN-04 BIO-04 SEP-04
12.00 – 12.20 ADV-05 ENV-05 ENV-25 SYN-05 BIO-05 SEP-05
12.20 – 12.40 ADV-06 ENV-06 ENV-26 SYN-06 BIO-06 SEP-06
12.40 – 13.00 ADV-07 ENV-07 ENV-27 SYN-07 BIO-07 SEP-07
13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
14.00 – 14.40 Invited
Speaker 6
Invited
Speaker 7
Invited
Speaker 8
Invited
Speaker 9
Invited
Speaker 10
14.40 – 15.00 ADV-08 ENV-08 ENV-28 SYN-08 BIO-08 SEP-08
15.00 – 15.20 ADV-09 ENV-09 ENV-29 SYN-09 BIO-09 SEP-09
15.20 – 15.40 ADV-10 ENV-10 ENV-30 SYN-10 BIO-10 SEP-10
15.40 – 16.00 ADV-11 ENV-11 ENV-31 SYN-11 BIO-11 SEP-11
16.00 – 16.20 ADV-12 ENV-12 ENV-32 SYN-12 BIO-12 SEP-12
16.20 – 16.40 ADV-13 ENV-13 ENV-33 - BIO-13 SEP-13
16.40 – 17.00 ADV-14 ENV-14 - - BIO-14 SEP-14
17.00 – 17.15 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
17.15 – 18.15 ANALIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM) 2019
19.30 – 22.00 OPENING CEREMONY | CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER
*Remark: Poster evaluation session will be held between 15.30 pm to 17.00 pm on Day 1 (15 August 2019 – Thursday)
DAY 2 (16 AUGUST 2019 – FRIDAY)
Time ADVANCED
MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMISTRY
SYNTHESIS
CHEMISTRY BIOANALYSIS
SEPARATION
CHEMISTRY
ROOM I ROOM II ROOM III ROOM IV ROOM V ROOM VI
08.30 – 08.50 ADV-15 ENV-15 - - BIO-15 SEP-15
08.50 – 09.10 ADV-16 ENV-16 - - BIO-16 SEP-16
09.10 – 09.30 ADV-17 ENV-17 - - BIO-17 SEP-17
09.30 – 09.50 ADV-18 ENV-18 - - BIO-18 SEP-18
09.50 – 10.10 ADV-19 ENV-19 - - BIO-19 SEP-19
10.10 – 10.30 ADV-20 ENV-20 - - BIO-20 -
10.30 – 10.45 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
10.45 – 11.30 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 2
11.30 – 12.00 CLOSING CEREMONY
12.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break / End of Conference
181
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
PATRON
PROFESSOR DATO’ DR MAZLIHAM MOHD SU’UD
President/CEO, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
ADVISOR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR RUZAINAH ALI @ JAAFAR
Dean/Head of Campus, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of
Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)
CHAIRMAN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR NORZAHIR SAPAWE
Head of Research and Innovation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian
Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)
ALP, The Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
PROFESSOR DR MOHD BASYARUDDIN ABDUL RAHMAN
President, The Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
SECRETARY
MRS INTAN NORJAHAN AZMAN
MS NURELINA ASYIKIN SA’ADON
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR AHMAD SAAT (ANALIS)
TREASURER
DR YUHANEES MOHAMED YUSOF
MS NUR NAJIHA KHAIRUL ARIFFIN
PROFESSOR DR AMRAN AB MAJID (ANALIS)
SPECIAL TASKS
MR MUBARAK ALWI MOHAMED
MR YUSAK ASRI MOHD ESA
MR MOHD ARIFF RUSTAM
MARKETING & PROMOTION
DR SITI FATIMAH IBRAHIM
MRS MARMY ROSHAIDAH MOHD SALLEH
MR MOHD KHAIRUL HANIF MOHD NAZRI
MS DIYANA FAZIHA MOHAMAD
IT SUPPORT, PHOTOGRAPHY & WEBMASTER
MR MOHAMMAD AKASHAH AHMAD TAJUDDIN
MR NORAZWAN PUTIH YAHYA
MRS NORA REZALI
182
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
REGISTRATION & PROGRAM BOOK
DR NOOR FAIZAH CHE HARUN
DR NAZATULSHIMA HASSAN
MS HANIZA KAHAR
CERTIFICATE & SOUVENIR
MS AZLINA DIN
MRS FARIDAH GHAFAR
MRS AZYYATI JOHARI
MS NOR SURAYAH OSMAN
PROTOCOL & LOGISTIC
DR RAJA NAZRUL HAKIM RAJA NAZRI
MRS SITI AISAH MUHAMMADDIN
SPONSORSHIP
MR AIMAN NAZMI ROSLI
MR MUHAMMAD FARHAN HANAFI
MR MUHAMMAD SYAHIN FIRDAUS AZIZ ZAMRI
MR NURUL FAHMI KHAIROL
MR MUHAMMAD FARID FITRI KAMARONZAMAN
SCIENTIFIC & PUBLICATION
PROFESSOR DR MD FAUZI ABDULLAH (ANALIS)
DR WAN MOHD AFIQ WAN MOHD KHALIK (ANALIS)
183
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADVERTISEMENTS
184
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADVERTISEMENTS
185
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADVERTISEMENTS
186
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADVERTISEMENTS
187
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADVERTISEMENTS
188
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ADVERTISEMENTS
189
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
SPONSORSHIPS
With Best Compliment
We acknowledge & appreciate the generous
financial support and sponsorship by the following organizations
PLATINUM SPONSOR
MERCK SDN BHD
190
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
SPONSORSHIPS
With Best Compliment
We acknowledge & appreciate the generous
financial support and sponsorship by the following organizations
GOLD SPONSOR
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SALES (M) SDN BHD
191
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
SPONSORSHIPS
With Best Compliment
We acknowledge & appreciate the generous
financial support and sponsorship by the following organizations
SILVER SPONSOR
ANTON PAAR MALAYSIA SDN BHD
IKA WORKS (ASIA) SDN BHD
RGS CORPORATION SDN BHD
PERKIN ELMER SDN BHD
BUCHI MALAYSIA SDN BHD
ASEPTEC SDN BHD
192
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
SPONSORSHIPS
With Best Compliment
We acknowledge & appreciate the generous
financial support and sponsorship by the following organizations
BRONZE SPONSOR
ALIRANTEK (M) SDN BHD
193
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
APPENDIX
194
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
195
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
196
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
197
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
NOTES
198
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
DAY 1 (15 AUGUST 2019 – THURSDAY)
09.00 – 09.45 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 1 EMERITUS PROFESSOR DATUK DR SUKIMAN SARMANI
Chairperson: Dr Nazatulshima Hassan Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)
09.45 – 10.00 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
Time ADVANCED MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY
BIOANALYSIS SEPARATION CHEMISTRY
ROOM I ROOM II ROOM III ROOM IV ROOM V ROOM VI
Chairperson Dr Nazatulshima Dr Salem Dr Yuhanees Dr Fatimah Dr Faizah Dr Raja Nazrul
TimeKeeper Mr Farhan Mr Ariff Ms Surayah Ms Diyana Mr Fahmi Mr Syahin
10.00 – 10.40 Professor Dr Basyaruddin,
UPM
Professor Dr Norhayati,
UMT
Professor Dr Zainab,
UNIMAS
Professor Dr Mukram,
UKM
Professor Dr Wan Aini,
UTM
10.40 – 11.00 ADV-01 ENV-01 ENV-21 SYN-01 BIO-01 SEP-01
11.00 – 11.20 ADV-02 ENV-02 ENV-22 SYN-02 BIO-02 SEP-02
11.20 – 11.40 ADV-03 ENV-03 ENV-23 SYN-03 BIO-03 SEP-03
11.40 – 12.00 ADV-04 ENV-04 ENV-24 SYN-04 BIO-04 SEP-04
12.00 – 12.20 ADV-05 ENV-05 ENV-25 SYN-05 BIO-05 SEP-05
12.20 – 12.40 ADV-06 ENV-06 ENV-26 SYN-06 BIO-06 SEP-06
12.40 – 13.00 ADV-07 ENV-07 ENV-27 SYN-07 BIO-07 SEP-07
13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
Chairperson Dr Nazatulshima Dr Amelia Dr Salem Dr Shahirah Dr Raihana Dr Nor Nadiah
TimeKeeper Mr Aiman Mrs Faridah Mr Farid Mrs Marmy Ms Nurelina Mrs Azyyati
14.00 – 14.40 Assoc Prof Dr Norzahir,
UniKL
Assoc Prof Dr Gaanty,
UMP
Assoc Prof Dr Juliana, USIM
Assoc Prof Dr Zainiharyati,
UiTM
Assoc Prof Dr Sharifah,
UM
14.40 – 15.00 ADV-08 ENV-08 ENV-28 SYN-08 BIO-08 SEP-08
15.00 – 15.20 ADV-09 ENV-09 ENV-29 SYN-09 BIO-09 SEP-09
15.20 – 15.40 ADV-10 ENV-10 ENV-30 SYN-10 BIO-10 SEP-10
15.40 – 16.00 ADV-11 ENV-11 ENV-31 SYN-11 BIO-11 SEP-11
16.00 – 16.20 ADV-12 ENV-12 ENV-32 SYN-12 BIO-12 SEP-12
16.20 – 16.40 ADV-13 ENV-13 ENV-33 - BIO-13 SEP-13
16.40 – 17.00 ADV-14 ENV-14 - - BIO-14 SEP-14
17.00 – 17.15 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
17.15 – 18.15 ANALIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM) 2019 Venue: Minangkabau Ballroom (Level 2)
19.30 – 22.00 OPENING CEREMONY | CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)
*Remark: Poster evaluation session will be held between 15.30 pm to 17.00 pm on Day 1 (15 August 2019 – Thursday)
199
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
DAY 2 (16 AUGUST 2019 – FRIDAY) Time ADVANCED
MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMISTRY SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY
BIOANALYSIS SEPARATION CHEMISTRY
ROOM I ROOM II ROOM III ROOM IV ROOM V ROOM VI
Chairperson Dr Fatimah Dr Yuhanees - - Dr Faizah Dr Raja Nazrul
TimeKeeper Ms Surayah Ms Diyana - - Mr Fahmi Mr Syahin
08.30 – 08.50 ADV-15 ENV-15 - - BIO-15 SEP-15
08.50 – 09.10 ADV-16 ENV-16 - - BIO-16 SEP-16
09.10 – 09.30 ADV-17 ENV-17 - - BIO-17 SEP-17
09.30 – 09.50 ADV-18 ENV-18 - - BIO-18 SEP-18
09.50 – 10.10 ADV-19 ENV-19 - - BIO-19 SEP-19
10.10 – 10.30 ADV-20 ENV-20 - - BIO-20 -
10.30 – 10.45 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition
10.45 – 11.30 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 2 PROFESSOR DR ADRIAN EVAN FLOOD Chairperson: Dr Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)
11.30 – 12.00 CLOSING CEREMONY Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)
12.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break / End of Conference NOTE ROOM I – Sungai Ujong 1 (Level 1) ROOM II – For 1st Day at Minangkabau Ballroom (Level 2) & 2nd Day at Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1) ROOM III – Tanjung Tuan Hall (Level 4) ROOM IV – Kuala Pilah Hall (Level 4) ROOM V – Sungai Ujong 2 (Level 1) ROOM VI – Cape Rachado Hall (Level 4)
200
Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019
NOTES