ncriet-2015 paper

Proceeding of NCRIET-2015 & Indian J.Sci.Res. 12(1):007-012, 2015 ISSN: 0976-2876 (Print)

ISSN: 2250-0138 (Online)

1Corresponding author

Organized by Department of E&CE, Bheemanna Khandrre Institute of Technology Bhalki, Bidar, India

CHILD ACTIVITY RECOGNITION USING ACCELEROMETERS

A.M. ANUSHAa1, RAVIKANT BELAGALI

b, MAHENDRACHARI

c AND PRASHANT

SANGULAGId

abDepartment of E&CE, BEC Bagalkot, India cDepartment of E&CE, BIET Davanagere, India

dDepartment of E&CE, BKIT Bhalki, India

ABSTRACT

Babies usually start walking between 9 and 16 months, they are at the risk of falling from furniture or

stairs, and there are chances of moving into the dangerous zones/places like near water tank, near to fired zone or

holding electric sockets etc. It’s impossible for the parents or caretakers for all the time to monitor the each and every

activity of their children. In children younger than four years of age, most fall-related injuries occur at home. Thus

new safety management methods are required to prevent the child from home accidents. In order to avoid these

dangerous activities of the child the fall prevention methods are need to be addressed. In this paper we have classified

the daily activities of the child into safe activities and dangerous activities accordingly prevention methods are

implemented for the dangerous activities.

KEYWORDS:

Babies of age 6-12 months are at a more

risk to fall from furniture or stairs and their

activities may be dangerous for which parents are

more worried. Falls are the main cause to injuries

in children. For children less than 2 years most of

the fall occur at home hence there is a need of the

sensor system which monitor the activities of the

children which is more useful for the working

parents as it is impossible for them to keep

monitoring their babies all the time. This proposed

system will help parents to take care of their

children who are less than 2 years. Child activity

recognition approach using accelerometer worn on

the body of a baby to prevent from accidents such

as unintentional injuries at home. To recognize

daily activities of the child and also to monitor the

child activities up to the accuracy of 90%. Almost

eight child activities which are common in all most

all children are implemented in this paper. This

proposed system can also be used in hospitals to

monitor patient time to time. The activities are

updated to the doctors frequently hence it is useful

for the doctors to give remote treatment and also

doctors can change the treatment according to the

need[F. Foerster 1999].

METHODOLOGY

The activities of the child are sensed by

the accelerometer and the analog values are sent to

the microcontroller. Microcontroller converts these

analog values to digital values and also processes

the data to give voltage values these voltage values

are displayed onto the LCD. Then it will send the

message to the parents through the GSM. The child

activities are classified into normal and dangerous

activities. The normal activities includes the child’s

regular movements like sitting down, standing still,

toddling crawling etc. The dangerous activities are

child holding the electric sockets, child moving

towards the water pool etc. Smoke sensor is used to

detect any leakage of LPG and temperature sensor

detect the high temperature in child’s environment.

This system also includes the buzzer to be alarmed

for the dangerous activities of the children. All the

activities of the children are updated to their

parents via GSM unit used in the proposed system.

Once the parents got the message about their

child’s activities they can take remote parental care.

Overall child activities are represented in pie chart.

Block diagram of the proposed system

Figure 1: block diagram showing the

interconnection of sensors with microcontroller is

the heart of the system which controls all the

components. to observe the child and to show all

ANUSHA ET AL.: CHILD ACTIVITY RECOGNITION USING ACCELEROMETERS


the activities of the child in home or hospitals

accelerometers and RFID card is used, where

accelerometers detects the child presence and

falling stages through its axis and RFID card will

be read by RFID reader which is attached to the

bulky items near to the dangerous areas. When

child moves towards a table or bulky material

which is harmful to the child, buzzer is used to

alarm when child comes towards the dangerous

areas. These activities of the child are analyzed and

are sent to the parents’ mobile in the form of

text/voice messages via GSM. Android application

is developed using eclipse software which enables

the parents to observe their children activities

remotely which is helpful for them to take care of

their children. This android application also sends

the graph in the form of pie chart which indicates

the overall activities of the child.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED

Renasas microcontroller (R5F100LE):

Renasas microcontroller has 16 bit general –

purpose register, ROM of 512 KB, RAM of 32 KB,

data flash memory of 8KB. It has on-chip high-

speed oscillator. It requires low power. It has on-

chip debug function. It is having high number of

redundant input output ports which is essentially

required for this system as this system has the job

of activity monitoring.

Accelerometer (ADXL335)

The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low

power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal

conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures

acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of

±3g. It can measure the static acceleration of

gravity in tilt-sensing application, as well as

dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock

or vibration. User selects the bandwidth of the

accelerometer using CX, CY and CZ capacitors at

the XOUT, YOUT and ZOUT pins. Bandwidth can

be selected to suit the application, with a range of

0.5Hz to 1600 Hz for the X and Y axis, and a range

of 0.5 Hz to 550 Hz for the Z axis. It has the

dimension of 4mm×4mm×1.45mm LFCSP. It

requires the operating voltage of 1.8v to 3.6v. the

temperature stability of the accelerometer is

excellent which is the essential factor needed for

this system [L. Baoand 2004].

Smoke Sensor

Smoke sensor consists of micro AL203

ceramic tube, tin Dioxide (Sn02) sensitive layer,

measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a

crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The

heater provides necessary work conditions for the

sensitive components. Sensor has 6 pins out of

them four are used to fetch signals, and other two

are used for providing heating content. In the

proposed system smoke sensor using LM358. The

smoke sensor used is less sensitive to alchohol,

smoke. It has fast response which is more

advantageous to the system developed.

Temperture Sensor (LM35)

The LM35 series are precision

integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose

output voltage is linearly proportional to the

Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus

has an advantage over linear temperature sensors

calibrated in Kelvin as output is obtained in

centigrade scaling. It has liner + 10.0 mV/oC scale

factor. It is suitable for remote applications and is

of low cost. Its operating voltage is from 4 to 30

volt.

RFID

Radio-frequency identification is an

automatic identification method, relaying on

storing and remotely retrieving data using devices

called RFID tags or transponders. RFID reader is

attached to the bulky items near to dangerous

zones, when the child moves towards those zones

automatically buzzer will make the alarm. RFID

tag is an object that can be applied to or

incorporated into a product, animal or person for

the purpose of identification and tracking using

radio waves. Advanced tags can be read from

several meters away and beyond the line of sight of

the reader [N. Ravi, N 2005].

Alpha Numeric LCD

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat

panel display based on liquid crystal technology. It

consists of array of tiny segments called pixels

which is mainly used for display the information.

Liquid crystals do not emit light directly instead

they use light modulating techniques. LCDs are

more preferred in many applications because the

size comes in wider varities, they do not use

phosphor hence images are not burnt-in, low power

consumption, it has safer disposal and energy

efficiency is more.



Piezo Buzzer

It is an electronic component mainly

used to produce sound. It is used in various

applications because of its low cost, light weight. It

works on the inverse function of piezo electric

effect.. pizeo electric effect is nothing but

generating the electricity with the application of

pressure.pizeo buzzer used in this system is driven

by the square wave (Vp-p). It works within the

temperature range of -300 c to +70

0c.

GSM

Global System for Mobile

communication (GSM0 is globally accepted

standard for digital cellular communication.

SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM?GPRS engine that

works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800

MHz and PCS 1900 MHz. AT commands can be

used to get information is SIM card. Both 1.8V and

3.0V

SOFTWARE TOOLS

Cube Suite+

Cube suite+ is one of the tools for the

renasas microcontroller. It is useful in building all

embedded development systems. The main

advantage of cube suite+ over the other tools is that

CS+ offers a highly user friendly development

environment, it has shorter build time and it offers

a graphical debug functions. It is also compatible

for the on-chip debugging emulator E1

Eclipse Software Development Kit

Android application for the child

activity recognition is developed using the tool

called Eclipse software development kit. Eclipse is

an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). It

is mainly written in java and primarily used for

developing the java applications. Eclipse tool

provides the virtual device for checking the

application developed. once the application is

running fine in the virtual device of the tool kit one

can able to download the particular android

application in to their android mobiles.

Overall System Design

Figure 2: Overall System Circuit Diagram

The system is initialized by swiping the

RFID card. The welcome statement is displayed on

the LCD when the activities are done by the child,

accelerometer which is connected to the body of

the child sensed those activities of the child and

extracted analog voltage values are converted into

digital voltage values by renasas microcontroller.

These voltage values are displayed on the LCD, at

the same time the message is sent to the parents’

mobile through GSM [F. Wu 2005].

Smoke sensor detects the leakage of

gas and temperature sensor detects the high

temperature in child’s environment. For the

dangerous activities voice output is sent to the

parents’ mobile. Three accelerometers are used

these are mounted on leg, hand and back for which

the data about the activities are collected correctly.



Flow Chart of over all working of the system

Figure 3: Flow Chart Which Shows the

Working of the Proposed System

From the above flow diagram, it is seen

that the device is initialized by initializing the I?O

ports and then displaying the welcome statement on

the LCD display. In the next step UART is

initialized which is used for serial communication.

System will read ADC values of sensors and is

compared with the reference values, if reference

values are comparable with the sensor values then

activity is recognized and message is displayed on

the LCD, the same message is sent to the android

mobile via GSM these steps are performed for the

recognition of daily activities of the child. To

recognize the dangerous activities RFID card is

read by the RFID reader, if RFID information is

equal to the database information and message is

displayed on LCD accordingly buzzer makes the

alarm.

Flow Chart for Android Application Login

Figure 4: Flow Diagram for Android Login

GSM is initialized by entering the

username and password. If the username and

password is matched then login is success. If the

username and password is not matched then login

fails.

Flow Chart For Sending Message

Figure 5: Flow Diagram to Send Message

For sending messages user needs to

ente the phone number, type the text and to press

the send button. If message is delivered then

message is sent successfully. If there is any

problem in the network or entered number is



invalid or there is no balance, the message is not

delivered.

Flow Chart for Receiving Message

Figure 6: flow diagram to receive messages

Sent messages are received by the

broadcast receiver. Receiver will check the number

if subscriber wants to open the message then

message is successfully displayed. If the message is

not opened message is deleted.

ANALYSIS AND RESULT

The table above specifies the predictive

voltage values for each of the child activities. All

the above mentioned activities are sensed by the

accelerometer and the analog values are sent to the

microcontroller unit for processing and

corresponding voltage values are displayed.

Standing still is considered as an idle position. If

the baby changes its position from standing still to

any of the other positions the accelerometers will

senses the activity and analog values are converted

into digital values in the voltage format. The

classification between walking and toddling

activities are more difficult than the classification

between other activities.

Table1: Indication of voltage levels for different activities

CHILD ACTIVITES LEG (VOLTS) HAND (VOLTS) BACK (VOLTS)

X Y

STANDING STILL 1.32 1.38 1.30 1.66

WALKING 1.40 1.67 1.30 1.67

TODDLING 1.62 1.84 1.30 1.67

WIGGLING 1.30 1.42 1.35 1.67

CRAWLING 1.37 1.36 1.67 1.63

ROLLING 1.62 1.79 1.60 1.95

TWIDDLING 1.57 1.41 1.30 1.69

The dangerous activities like holding

the electric sockets or moving towards the water

pool or moving towards the bulky materials etc are

avoided by sending the message to the child’s

parents by using the android application developed.

android application developed can also plot the pie

chart which indicates all activities of the child and

that pie chart is sent as a message to the parents.

Similar pie chart is shown in the below figure.

Figure 7: pie chart of the child activity



Advantages and Limitation of the System

It is helpful for the disabled children,

this system provides security to the children,

immediate precaution can be taken which avoids

the accidents occur at home. Remote parental care

is possible and reliability is high. Limitation of the

system is that since it is a wearable child may get

irritated to wear all the time, and its initial cost is

high.

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

This paper presented the activity

recognition method for child using triaxial

accelerometer and a sensor. Time-domain and

frequency domain features are extracted for

categorizing body postures such as standing still,

walking, toddling, wiggling, crawling, rolling,

sitting down and twiddling as well as locomotion.

Multiple feature sets are compared to find an

optimized classification method, and showed how

well they performed on a body. The average overall

accuracy is 90% with acceptable computational

complexity using only a wearable triaxial

accelerometer sensor. This proposed system is

mainly used for the hospitals to monitor abnormal

patient’s activities, whose information is updated to

the doctors android mobiles which is helpful for the

remote medication. In the future days these wired

wearable device can be replaced by wireless

system. Many accelerometers can be replaced by a

single accelerometer to sense activities

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ncriet-2015 paper

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