ncert book hindi- vasant - class vi

7/23/2019 NCERT Book Hindi- Vasant - Class VI

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og fpfM+;k tks/1

1- og fpfM+;k tks

og fpfM+;k tks&

pksap ekj djnw/&Hkjs tqaMh osQ nkus#fp ls] jl ls [kk ysrh gSog NksVh larks"kh fpfM+;kuhys ia[kksaokyh eSa gweq>s v ls cgqr I;kj gSA

og fpfM+;k tks&oaQB [kksy djcws fotu ls cgqr I;kj gSA


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og fpfM+;k tks/3

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- dfo us uhyh fpfM+;k dk uke ughacrk;k gSA og dkSu&lh fpfM+;k jghgksxh\ bl iz'u dk mkj tkuus osQ fy, Hkkjr dh fpfM+;ksaosQ ckjs esa lclsvfkd tkudkjh j[kus okys i{kh&foKkuh lkfye vyh dh iqLrd ^Hkkjrh;

i{kh* ns[kksA mlesa,sls lHkh if{k;ksadk foLrkj ls o.kZu gS tks gekjs ns'k esaik, tkrs gSaA buesa ,sls i{kh Hkh 'kkfey gSa tks tkM+s esa ,f'k;k osQ mkjh HkkxvkSj vU; BaMs ns'kksals Hkkjr vkrs gSaA lkfye vyh dh iqLrd ns[kdj rqevuqeku yxk ldrs gks fd bl dfork esa of.kZr uhyh fpfM+;k 'kk;n buesa

ls dksbZ,d jgh gksxh % uhydaB NksVk fdyfdykdcwrjcM+k irfjaxk

2- uhps if{k;k sa osQ oqQN uke fn, x, gSaA muesa;fn dksbZi{kh ,d ls vfkd

jax dk gS rks fy[kks fd mlosQ fdl fgLls dk jax oSQlk gS \ tSls rksrs dhpksap yky gS] 'kjhj gjk gSAeSuk dkSvk cr[k dcwrj

3- dfork dk gj cak ^og fpfM+;k tks* ls 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj ^eq>s--- cgqr I;kj gS*ij [kRe gksrk gSA rqe Hkh nh xb bu iafDr;ksadk viuh dYiuk ls iz;ksxdjrs gq, dfork esaoqQN u, cak tksM+ksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- ia[kksaokyh fpfM+;k ij okyh njkk uhys ia[kksaokyh fpfM+;k lcls ij okyh njkk

;gkjs[kkafdr 'kCn fo'ks"k.k dk dke dj jgs gSaA vxys i`"B ij okyk@okyh*tksM+dj cuus okys oqQN vkSj fo'ks"k.k fn, x, gSaA ij fn, x, mnkgj.kksa


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6/oLakr

nks V~;wfud Hkh ;kn gSaA ,d pkWdysV jax dk vkSj vanj dh dksVhI;kkhA nwljk xzs vkSj mlosQ lkFk lI+ksQn dksVhA

eq>s vius eksks vkSj LVkWfdax Hkh ;kn gSa!cpiu esagesa vius eksks [kqn /ksus iM+rs FksA og ukSdj ;k ukSdjkuh

dks ugha fn, tk ldrs FksA bldh l[r eukgh FkhAge cPps brokj dh lqcg blh esayxkrsA /ks ysus osQ ckn vius &vius

twrs ikWfy'k djosQ pedkrsA tc twrs diM+s ;k cz'k ls jxM+rs rks ikWfy'kdh ped mHkjus yxrhA

ljoj] eq>s vkt Hkh cwV ikWfy'k djuk vPNk yxrk gS A gkykfd vcubZ&ubZfdLe osQ 'kw vk pqosQ gSaA dguk gksxk fd ;s igys ls dgha;knkvkjkensg gSaA gesatc u, twrs feyrs] mlosQ lkFk gh Nkyksadk bykt 'kq:

gks tkrkAtc dHkh yach lSj ij fudyrs ] vius ikl #bZk:j j[krsA twrk yxk

rks #bZeksks osQ vanjA gk] gekjs&rqEgkjs cpiu esarks cgqr I+kQoZQ gks pqdk gS Agj 'kuhpj dks gesavkWfyo vkW;y ;k oSQLVj vkW;y ihuk iM+rkA ;g

,d eqf'dy dke FkkA 'kuhpj dks lqcg ls gh ukd esa bldh xa/ vkusyxrh!

NksVs 'kh'ks osQ fxykl ftu ij Bhd [kqjkd osQ fy, fu'kku iM+s jgrs]mUgsa ns[krs gh feryh gksus yxrhA

eq>s vkt Hkh yXkrk gS fd vxj ge u Hkh ihrs og 'kfuokjh nok rksoqQN ;knk fcxM+us okyk ugha FkkA lsgr Bhd gh jgrhA


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cpiu/9

'kke dks jax&fcjaxs xqCckjsA lkeus tk[kwdk igkM+A pk ppZA ppZdh?kafV;kctrha rks nwj&nwj rd mudh xwt iSQy tkrhA yxrk] blosQ laxhrls izHkq bZ'kw Lo;a oqQN dg jgs gSaA

lkeus vkdk'k ij lw;kZLr gks jgk gSA xqykch lqugjh /kfj;kuhys

vkleku ij iSQy jgh gSaA nwj&nwj iSQys igkM+ksa osQ eq[kM+s xgjkus yxs vkSjns[krs&ns[krs cfk;kfVefVekus yxhaA fjt ij dh jkSud vkSj eky dhnqdkuksadh ped osQ Hkh D;k dgus! LoSaQMy IokbaV dh HkhM+ ls mHkjrkdksykgyA

ljoj] LoSaQMy IokbaV osQ Bhd lkeus mu fnuksa,d nqdku gqvk djrhFkh] ftlosQ 'kks:e esaf'keyk&dkydk Vsu dk ekWMy cuk gqvk FkkA

bldh iVfj;kml ij [kM+h NksVs&NksVs fMCcksaokyh VsuA ,d vksj yky

Vhu dh Nrokyk LVs'ku vkSj lkeus flxuy nsrk [kaCkkFkksM+h&FkksM+h nwjij cuh lqjaxsa!fiNyh lnh es a rsk j+rkjokyh xkM+h ogh FkhA dHkh&dHkh gokbZ

tgkk Hkh ns[kus dks feyrs! fnYyh esatc Hkh mudh vkokk vkrh] cPpsmUgsans[kus ckgj nkSM+rsA nh[krk ,d Hkkjh&Hkjde i{kh mM+k tk jgk gS ia[kiSQykdjA ;g ns[kks vkSj og xk;c! mldh LihM gh bruh rsk yxrhA gk]xkM+h osQ ekWMyokyh nqdku osQ lkFk ,d vkSj ,slh nqdku Fkh tks eq>sdHkh ugha HkwyrhA ;g og nqdku Fkh tgkesjk igyk p'ek cuk FkkA ogk

vk[kksaosQ MkWDVj vaxzsk FksA


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10/oLakr

'kq:&'kq: esap'ek yxkuk cM+k vViVk yxkA NksVs&cM+s esjs psgjs dhvksj ns[krs vkSj dgrsvk[kksa esaoqQN rdyhI+kQ gS ! bl mez esa ,sud! nw/

fi;k djksA eSa MkWDVj lkfgc dk dgk nksgjk nsrhoqQN nsj iguksxh rks,sud mrj tk,xhA

oSls MkWDVj lkfgc us iwjk vk'oklu fn;k Fkk] ysfdu p'ek rks vc rdugha mrjkA uacj cl de gh gksrk jgk! eSavius&vki bldh fkEesokj gwAtc vki fnu dh jks'kuh dks NksM+dj jkr esa Vscy ySai osQ lkeus dkedjsaxhrks blosQ vykok vkSj D;k gksxk! gk] tc igyh ckj eSaus p'ekyxk;k rks esjs ,d ppsjs HkkbZus eq>s NsM+kns[kks] ns[kks] oSQlh yx jgh gS!

vk[k ij p'ek yxk;krkfd lw>s nwj dh

;g ugha yM+dh dks ekywelwjr cuh yaxwj dh!eSa[khth fd eq> ij ;g D;ksanksgjk;k tk jgk gS! ij 'ksj cqjk u yxkAtc og pk; ihdj pys x, rks eSa vius dejs esatkdj vkbZus osQ

lkeus [kM+h gks xbZA dbZckj vius dks ns[kkA ,sud mrkjhA fiQj iguhAfiQj mrkjhA ns[krh jghns[krh jghA

lwjr cuh yaxwj dhugha&ugha&ugha

gk&gk&gk


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cpiu/13

2- la Lej.k esa vk, vaxszkh osQ 'kCnksadks NkVdj fy[kks vkSj muosQ fganh vFkZtkuksA

3- pkjfnu]oqQNO;fDr],d yhVjnwk vkfn 'kCnksaosQ iz;ksx ij ;ku nksrks irk pysxk fd blesapkj]oqQNvkSj,d yhVj'kCn ls la[;k ;k

ifjek.k dk vkHkkl gksrk gS] D;ks afd ;s la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k gSaA blesaHkhpkj fnu ls fuf'pr la [;k dk cksk gksrk gS] blfy, bldks fuf'prla[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSavkSjoqQNO;fDr ls vfuf'pr la[;k dk cks/gksus ls bls vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA blh izdkj,d yhVjnwk ls ifjek.k dk cks/ gksrk gS blfy, bls ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaAvc rqe uhps fy[ks okD;ksadks i


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14/oLakr

oqQN djus dks

1- D;k rq e viuh iks'kkd ls [kq'k gks\ vxj rqEgsa viuh iks'kkd cukus dks dgktk, rks oSQlh iks'kkd cukvksxs vkSj iks'kkd cukrs le; fdu ckrksa dk ;kuj[kksxs\ viuh dYiuk ls iks'kkd dk fMkkbu cukvksA

2- rhu&rhu osQ lewg esavius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk diM+ksaosQ uewus bdk djosQd{kk esacrkvksA bu uewuksadks Nwdj ns[kks vkSj varj eglwl djksA ;g Hkhirk djks fd dkSu lk diM+k fdl ekSle es a iguus osQ fy, vuqowQy gSA

3- gFkdj?kk vkSj fey osQ diM+s cukus osQ rjhds osQ ckjs esa vklikl osQ cM+ksals irk djksA laHko gks rks fdlh diM+s osQ dkj[kkus esa tkdj Hkh tkudkjhbd_h djksA

4- Hkkjr fofo/rkvksa dk ns'k gSA ;gkvyx&vyx izkarksa esavyx&vyx Hkk"kk,cksyh tkrh gSa] rjg&rjg ds Hkkstu [kk, tkrs gSa] rjg&rjg dh iks'kkdsa iguhtkrh gSaA d{kk ds cPps vkSj f'k{kd vius&vius bykdksa dh os'kHkw"kk osQ ckjs

es a ckrphr djsaA cPps bl dke es a ifjokj dh Hkh enn ysaA;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

fizQy & >kyj vkW fyo vkW;y & tSrwu dk rsy

oS QLVj vkW;y & vja Mh dk rsy[kqjkd & fuf'pr ek=kk LVkWd & la xzg] HkaMkjcqjduk & pw .kZ tSlh oLrqdks fNM+duk

NqViu & cpiu derj & ;knk NksVk] y?kqrj


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cpiu/15

"V&iq"V & rxM+k] g ^k &d^kdksykgy & 'kksj] gaxkek] gYykvViVk & Vs


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16/oLakr

3- uknku nksLr

osQ'ko osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ mQij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn, FksA osQ'ko

vkSj mldh cgu ';kek nksuksa cM+s ;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk vkrs&tkrsns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk[ksaeyrs dkfuZl osQ lkeus igqp tkrs vkSjfpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k nksuksadks ogkcSBk ikrs A mudks ns[kus esanksuksacPpksadks u ekywe D;k ekk feyrk] nw/ vkSj tysch dh lq/ Hkh u jgrhFkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ loky mBrs A vaMs fdrus cM+s gksaxs\

fdl jax osQ gksaxs\ fdrus gksaxs\ D;k[kkrs gksaxs\ muesals cPps fdl rjg fudy vk,xs\ cPpksa os Q ij oSQls

fudysaxs\ ?kksalyk oS Qlk gS\ ysfdubu ckrksa dk tokc nsus okyk dksbZughaA u vEek dks ?kj osQ dke&kakksals I+kqQjlr Fkh u ckcwth dks i


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uknku nksLr/21

osQ'kou Hkb;k] dgharw fxj&fxjk iM+h rks vEek th esjh pVuh ghdj MkysaxhA dgsafd rwus gh ps ughafn[kk;k] eSavEekth ls dg nwxhA

osQ'kovEekth ls dgsxh rks cgqr ek:xk] dgs nsrk gwA';kekrks rqeus eq>s fn[kk;k D;ksa ugha\osQ'kovkSj fxj iM+rh rks pkj lj u gks tkrs!';kekgks tkrs] gks tkrsA ns[k ysuk eSadg nwxh!

brus esa dksBjh dk njokkk [kqyk vkSj ek us /wi ls vk[kksadks cpkrsgq, dgkrqe nksuksackgj dc fudy vk,\ eSaus dgk u Fkk fd nksigj dksu fudyuk\ fdlus fdokM+ [kksyk\

fdokM+ osQ'ko us [kksyk Fkk] ysfdu ';kek us ekls ;g ckr ughadghA mls Mj yxk fd Hkb;k fiV tk,xs A osQ'ko fny esa dki jgk Fkkfd dgha';kek dg u nsA vaMs u fn[kk, Fks] blls vc mldks ';kek ijfo'okl u FkkA ';kek flI+kZQ eqgCcr osQ ekjs pqi Fkh ;k bl dlwj esafgLlsnkj gksus dh otg ls bldk I+kSQlyk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 'kk;n

nksuksagh ckrsaFkhaA


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uknku nksLr/23

ekus vkdj VwVs gq, vaMksa dks ns[kk vkSj xqLls ls cksyharqe ykssxksa usvaMksadks Nqvk gkssxkA

vc rks ';kek dks Hkb;k ij kjk Hkh rjl u vk;kA mlh us 'kk;nvaMksadks bl rjg j[k fn;k fd og uhps fxj iM+sA bldh mls lkk

feyuh pkfg,A cksyhbUgksaus vaMksa dks NsM+k Fkk vEek thAek us osQ'ko ls iwNkD;ksa js\osQ'ko Hkhxh fcYyh cuk [kM+k jgkAekrw ogkigqpk oSQls\

';kekpkSoQh ij LVwy j[kdj psvHkh bruk Hkh ughaekywe fd

Nwus ls fpfM+;ksa osQvaMs xans gks tkrs gSaA fpfM+;k fiQj mUgsaugha lsrhA

';kek us Mjrs&Mjrs iwNkrks D;k

fpfM+;k us vaMs fxjkfn, gSa vEek th\


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24/oLakr

ekvkSj D;k djrh! osQ'ko osQ flj bldk iki iM+sxkA gk;] gk;]rhu tkusa ys yha nq"V us!

osQ'ko jksuh lwjr cukdj cksykeSaus rks flI+kZQ vaMksadks xh ij j[kfn;k Fkk vEekth!

ek dks glh vk xbZA exj osQ'ko dks dbZfnuksa rd viuh xyrh ijvI+kQlksl gksrk jgkA vaMksa dh fgI+kQkkr djus osQ tksx esa mlus mudk

lR;kuk'k dj MkykA bls ;kn dj og dHkh&dHkh jks iM+rk FkkAnksuksa fpfM+;k ogk fiQj u fn[kkbZnhaA

izsepan

iz'u&vH;kl

dgkuh ls

1- os Q'ko vkSj ';kek osQ eu esavaMksadks ns[kdj rjg&rjg os Q loky D;ksamBrs Fks\

2- va Mksa osQ ckjs esa nksuka s vkil gh es a loky&tokc djos Q vius fny dksrlYyh D;ks a ns fn;k djrs Fks\

3- vaMksa osQ VwV tkus osQ ckn ek osQ ;g iwNus ij fd^rqe yksxksa us vaMksadksNqvk gksxkA* osQ tokc esa';kek us D;k dgk vkSj mlus ,slk D;ksafd;k\

4- ikB osQ vkkkj ij crkvks fd vaMs xans D;ks a gq, vkSj mu vaMks a dk D;kgqvk\


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26/oLakr

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- bl ikB esaxehZosQ fnuks a dh ppkZgSA vxj lnhZ;k cjlkr osQ fnu gksrsrks D;k&D;k gksrk\ vuqeku djks vkSj vius lkfFk;ks a dks lqukvksA

2- ikB is dqN [kkusdks nsldrsgSa\**


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28/oLakr

mlh le; ,d [kksepsokyk tkrk fn[kkbZfn;k 11 ct pqosQ Fks pkjksarjI+kQlUukVk Nk x;k Fkk iafMr th us cqyk;k [kksepsokys [kksepsokyk dfg, D;knwHkw[k yx vkbZu vUu&ty NksM+uk lk/qvksadk dke gS gekjk vkidk ughaeksVsjke vcs D;k dgrk gS ;gkD;k fdlh lk/qls de gS a pkgsa rks eghus

iM+s jgsa vkSj Hkw[k u yxs rq>s rks osQoy blfy, cqyk;k gS fd kjk viuhoqQIih eq>s ns ns[kw rks ogk D;k jsax jgk gS eq>s Hk; gksrk gS

dqN djus dks

xfeZ;ksa;k lfnZ;ksaesatc rqEgkjh yach Nqf^;k gksrh gSa] rks rqEgkjk fnu oSQlschrrk gS\ viuh cqvk ;k fdlh vkSj dks ,d iksLVdkMZ ij i=k fy[kdjcrkvksA

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

dkfuZl & nhokj dh o Qxuh

rlYyh & lka Rouk] fnyklk]


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Pkkn ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa/29

4- Pkkn ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa(,d nl&X;kjg lky dh yM+dh)

xksy gSa [kwc exjvki frjNs ukj vkrs gSakjkAvki igus gq, gSaoqQy vkdk'krkjksa&tM+k_flI+kZQ eqg [kksys gq, gSa viukxksjk&fpkxksy&eVksy]


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30/oLakr

viuh iks'kkd dks iSQyk, gq, pkjksaflErAvki oqQN frjNs ukj vkrs gSa tkus oSQls [kwc gSaxksfd!

Okkg th] okg!

gedks cqwgh fujk le>k gS!ge le>rs gh ughatSls fdvkidks chekjh gS%vki ?kVrs gSa rks ?kVrs gh pys tkrs gSa]vkSj c


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Pkkn ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa/31

2- ^gedks cqw gh fujk le>k gS!* dgdj yM+dh D;k dguk pkgrh gS\3- vk'k; crkvks

^;g ejk vkidk vPNk gh ugha gksus esavkrk gSA*

4- dfo us pkn ls xIisa fdl fnu yxkbZgksaxh\ bl dfork esavkbZckrksadhenn ls vuqeku yxkvks vkSj blosQ dkj.k Hkh crkvksAfnu dkj.k iwf.kZek-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v"Veh ls iwf.kZ ek os Q chp-------------------------------------------------------------------

izFkek ls v"Veh osQ chp---------------------------------------------------------------------

5- ubZ dfork esarqd ;k Nan dh ctk; fcac dk iz;ksx vfkd gksrk gS] fcacog rlohj gksrh gS tks 'kCnks a dks i


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32/oLakr

2- ;fn dksbZlwjt ls xIisa yxk, rks og D;k fy[ksxk\ viuh dYiuk ls x|;k i| esafy[kksA blh rjg dh oqQN vkSj xIisa fuEufyf[kr ls fdlh ,d;k nks ls djosQ fy[kksisM+ fctyh dk [ka Hkk lM+d isVksy iai

Hkk"kk dh ckr1- pkn laKk gSApknuhjkr esapknuhfo'ks"k.k gSA

uhps fn, x, fo'ks"k.kksadks ;ku ls ns[kks vkSj crkvks fd dkSu&lk izR;;tqM+us ij fo'ks"k.k cu jgs gSaA bu fo'ks"k.kksa osQ fy, ,d&,d mi;qDr laKkHkh fy[kks

xqykch ixM+h @ e[keyh ?kkl @ OkQherh xgusBaMh jkr @ taxyh iwQy @ d'ehjh Hkk"kk

2- xksy&eVksy xksjk&fp^kdfork esa vk, 'kCnksa osQ bu tksM+ksaesa varj ;g gS fdfp^kdk vFkZlI+ksQngS vkSj xksjk ls feyrk&tqyrk gS tcfdeVksyvius&vki esadksbZ'kCn ughagSA ;g 'kCn ^eksVk* ls cuk gSA ,sls pkj&pkj 'kCn ;qXe lkspdj fy[kks vkSjmudk okD;ksa esaiz;ksx djksA

3- ^fcyoq Qy xksy* dfork esa blosQ nks vFkZgSa(d) xksy vkdkj dk([k) Xkk;c gksuk!,sls rhu 'kCn lkspdj muls ,sls okD; cukvks fd 'kCnks a osQ nks&nks vFkZfudyrs gkasA

4- tksfd] pwfd] gkykfd dfork dh ftu iafDr;ksa esa;s 'kCn vk, gSa] mUgsa;ku ls i


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34/oLakr

5- v{kjksadk egRo

v{kjksa dh dgkuh---;g iqLrd v{kjksa ls cuh gSA lkjh iqLrosaQ v{kjksa ls cuh gSaA rjg&rjg

dh iqLrosaQA rjg&rjg osQ v{kjA

nqfu;k esavc rd djksM+ksa iqLrosaQ Ni pqdh gSaA gkkjksaiqLrosaQ jkskNirh gSaA rjg&rjg osQ v{kjksaesa gkkjksadh rknkn esa jksk gh lekpkj&i=k


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36/oLakr

vkneh us bl kjrh ij dksbZikp yk[k lky igys tUe fy;kA khjs&khjsmldk fodkl gqvkA

dksbZnl gkkj lky igys vkneh us xkoksa dks clkuk 'kq: fd;kA og[ksrh djus yxkA og iRFkjksaosQ vkSkkjksadk bLrseky djrk FkkA fiQj mlus

rkcs vkSj dkls osQ Hkh vkSkkj cuk,AizkxSfrgkfld ekuo us lcls igys fp=kksaosQ kfj, vius Hkko O;Drfd,A tSls] i'kqvksa] if{k;ksa] vknfe;ksa vkfn osQ fp=kA bu fp=k&laosQrksalsckn esa Hkko&laosQr vfLrRo esa vk,A tSls] ,d NksVs o`k osQ pgqvksjfdj.kksadh |ksrd js[kk,[khapus ij og lw;Z* dk fp=k cu tkrk FkkA cknes a ;gh fp=k ^rki* ;k ^kwi* dk |ksrd cu x;kA bl rjg vusdHkko&laosQr vfLrRo esavk,Arc tkdj dkI+kQh ckn esa vkneh us v{kjksa dh [kkst dhA v{kjksadh

[kkst osQ flyflys dks 'kq: gq, eqf'dy ls Ng gkkj lky gq, gSaA osQoyNg gkkj lky!

e; vejhdk osQ vksafkcok vkfnokfl;ksa osQ fp=k(nkb vksj ls ckb vksj dks e'k%) rwI+kQku dk nsOkrk tks lkjs vkdk'k dks ?ksjrkgS] uxkM+k] ia[kksa lslq'kksfHkr uxkM+k] ks.kdkd] dkSok vkSj nok[kkus esavknehA


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38/158

38/oLakr

iz'u&vH;kl

fucak ls

1- ikB esa ,slk D;ksadgk x;k gS fd v{kjksaosQ lkFk ,d u, ;qx dh 'kq#vkrgqbZ\

2- v{kjksa dh [kkst dk flyflyk dc vkSj oSQls 'kq: gqvk\ ikB i


39/158

v{kjksadk egRo/39

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- iq jkus kekus esa yksx ;g D;ksalksprs Fks fd v{kj vkSj Hkk"kk dh [kkst bZ'ojus dh Fkh\ vuqeku yxkvks vkSj crkvksA

2- v{kjksa osQ egRo osQ lkFk gh euq"; osQ thou esa xhr] u`R; vkSj [ksyksa dk

Hkh egRo gSA vius fe=kks a osQ lkFk ckrphr dj buos Q egRo os Q ckjs esatkudkjh bd_h djks vkSj f'k{kd dks lqukvksA

3- dYiuk djks fd ;fn gesav{kjksa dk Kku u gksrk rks D;k gksrk\ fy[kksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr

vukfn dkyesa js[kkafdr 'kCn dk vFkZgS ftldh dksbZ'kq#vkr ;k vkfnu gksA uhps fn, x, 'kCn Hkh ewy 'kCn osQ 'kq: esaoqQN tksM+us ls cus gSaAbls milxZdgrs gSaA bu milxks dks vyx djosQ fy[kks vkSj ewy 'kCnksadksfy[kdj mudk vFkZle>ksvliQy ---------------------- vn`'; ----------------------vuqfpr ---------------------- vuko';d ----------------------

vifjfpr ---------------------- vfuPNk ----------------------

(d) vc crkvks fd ;s milxZftu 'kCnksaosQ lkFk tqM+ jgs gSaD;k muesadksbZvarj gS\

([k) mi;qZDr 'kCnksals okD; cukvks vkSj le>ks fd ;s laKk gSa;k fo'ks"k.kAoSls rks la[;k,laKk gksrh gSa ij dHkh&dHkh ;s fo'ks"k.k dk dke Hkhdjrh gSa] tSls uhps fy[ks okD; esa

gekjh kjrh yxHkxikpvjclky iqjkuh gSAdksbZnl gkkjlky igys vkneh us xkoksa dks clkuk 'kq: fd;kA


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40/oLakr

bu okD;ksaesa js[kkafdr va'k ^lky* laKk osQ ckjs esa fo'ks"k tkudkjh ns jgs gSa]blfy, la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k gSaA la[;kokpd fo'ks "k.k dk bLrseky mUghaphkksa osQ fy, gksrk gS ftUgsa fxuk tk losQA tSls] pkj larjs] ikp cPps] rhu'kgj vkfnA ij ;fn fdlh phk dks fxuk ugha tk ldrk rks mlosQ lkFk

la[;k okys 'kCnksa osQ vykok eki&rkSy vkfn osQ 'kCnksadk bLrseky Hkh fd;ktkrk gS rhu tx ikuh ,d fdyks khjk

;gkjs[kkafdr fgLls ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k gSaD;ksafd budk lacak eki&rkSyls gSA vc uhps fy[ks gq, dks i


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v{kjksadk egRo/41

2- fyf[kr vkSj ekSf[kd Hkk"kk osQ gkfu&ykHk osQ ckjs esa nksLrksa osQchp ppkZdjksA

3- v{kj vkS j oa QI;wVj os Q lacakksa osQ ckjs es a tkudkjh iz kIr djks vkSj blsf'k{kd dks lqukvksA

4- v{kj ofu;ksa(LojksavkSj O;atuksa) dk izrhd gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,^fganh* ^mnwZ* vkSj ^ckXyk* vkfn 'kCnksa esa izR;sd v{kj osQ fy, mldhofu fukkZfjr gSA oqQN fp=kksals Hkh laosQr O;Dr gksrs gSaA uhps oqQN fp=k

fn, x, gSaA mlls D;k laosQr O;Dr gksrs gS a] crkvks

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCnrknkn & la[;k vukfndky & tks lnk ls pyk vk jgk gks

izkxSfrgkfld ekuo & bfrgkl esa of.kZr dky osQ iwoZdk ekuo|ksrd & lwpd flyflyk & e ih


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43/158

ikj ukj osQ/43

pksjh&Nqis NksVw us ikik dk flD;ksfjVh&ikl gfFk;k gh fy;k vkSj pyfn;k lqjax dh rjI+kQA

oSls rks mudh iwjh dkyksuh gh kehu osQ uhps clh FkhA ;g tkslqjaxuqek jkLrk Fkkvanj nh;s ty jgs Fks vkSj izos'k djus ls igys ,d can

njokks dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA njokks esa ,d [kkpk cuk gqvk FkkANksVwus [kkps esa dkMZMkyk] rqjar njokkk [kqy x;kA NksVwus lqjax esaizos'kfd;kA vanj okys [kkps esa flD;ksfjVh&ikl vk igqpk FkkA mls mBk fy;k]dkMZmBkrs gh njokkk can gqvkA NksVwus pkjksa rjI+kQ ukj nkSM+kbZA lqjaxuqekog jkLrk ij dh rjI+kQ tkrk Fkk----;kuh kehu osQ ij dk lI+kQj djvkus dk ekSdk fey x;k FkkAexj dgk\ ekSdk gkFk yxrs gh fiQly x;k! lqjax esa txg&txg

yxk, fujh{kd ;a=kksadh tkudkjh NksVw dks ughaFkhA exj NksVwosQ izos'kdjrs gh igys fujh{kd ;a=k esalansgkLin fLFkfr n'kkZus okyh gjdr gqbZ]brus NksVs dn dk O;fDr lqjax esa oSQls vk;k\ nwljs fujh{kd ;a=k us rqjarNksVwdh rlohj [khap yhA fdlh ,d fu;a=k.k osaQnz esabl rlohj dhtkp dh xbZ vkSj [krjs dh lwpuk nh xbZA

bu lkjh xfrfof/;ksals vutku NksVwvkxs c


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ikj ukj osQ/45

^^vius rduhdh Kku osQ vk/kj ij geus kehu osQ uhps viuk ?kjcuk fy;kA kehu osQ ij yxs fofHk ;a=kksaosQ lgkjs ge lw;Z&'kfDr]lwjt dh jks'kuh vkSj xehZdk bLrseky djrs vk jgs gSaA mUgha ;a=kksa osQlgkjs ge ;gk kehu osQ uhps th jgs gSaA ;a=k lqpk: :i ls pyrs jgsa]

blosQ fy, cM+h lroZQrk cjruh iM+rh gSA eq> tSls oqQN pqfuank yksxbUgha ;a=kksa dk ;ku j[krs gSA**

^^cM+k gks tkmQxk rks eSaHkh ;gh dke d:xkA** NksVwus viuh ea'kkkkfgj dhA

^^fcyoqQy! exj mlosQ fy, [kwc iyd

jgk FkkA og crkus yxk]^^;g dksbZvkleku dk rkjk

ugha gS] D;ksafd OkaQI;wVj ls irk py jgk gS fd ;gviuh txg vfMx ughajgk

gSA fiNys oqQN ?kaVksa osQ nkSjku blus

viuh txg cnyh gSA OkaQI;wVj osQ vuqlkj;g gekjh kjrh dh rjI+kQ c


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ikj ukj osQ/47

dkyksuh oQh izca/ lfefr dh lHkk cqykbZ xbZFkhA v;{k Hkk"k.k nsjgs Fks] ^gky gh esafeyh tkudkjh ls irk pyrk gS fd nks varfj{k ;kugekjs eaxy xzg dh rjI+kQ c


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48/oLakr

Hkh cM+s l{ke varfj{k ;ku HkstsaA gesa;gkdk izca/ oqQN bl rjg j[kuk pkfg,ftlls bu ;a=kksadks ;g xyrI+kQgehgks fd bl kehu ij dksbZHkh

phk bruh egRoiw.kZughagSfd ftlls os ykHk mBklosaQA v;{k egksn; lseSa;g nj[okLr djrk gw fd bl rjg dk izca/gekjs ;gkfd;k tk,A**uacjrhulkekftdO;oLFkk dk dke ns[krsFksAmudh ckr osQ tokc

esa v;{k oqQN cksyus tk gh jgs Fks fd I+kQksu dh ?kaVh cthA v;{k uspksaxk mBk;k] ,d feuV ckn lHkk dks lacksfkr djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk]^^Hkkb;ks] varfj{k ;ku ekad ,d gekjh kehu ij mrj pqdk gSA**og fnu NksVw osQ fy, cM+k gh egRoiw.kZ fnu FkkA ikik mls OkaQVksy

:e ys x, Fks A ;gk ls varfj{k ;ku ekad ,d lkI+kQ ukj vk jgk FkkA

^^oSQlk vthc yx jgk gS ;gk! blosQ vanj D;k gksxk ikik\** NksVwus iwNkA


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ikj ukj osQ/49

^^vHkh ugha crk;k tk ldrkA nwj ls gh mldk fujh{k.k tkjh gSA mlij cjkcj gekjk ;ku gS vkSj mlosQ gj vax ij gekjk fu;a=k.k gS A oDrvkus ij gh ge vxyk dne mBk,xs]** NksVwosQ ikik us crk;kA mUgksaus

NksVwdks ,d dkWUlksy fn[kk;k] ftl ij dbZ cVu FksA

vc varfj{k ;ku ls ,d ;kaf=kd gkFk ckgj fudykA gj iy mldhyaCkkbZc


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50/oLakr

gkFk csdkj gks x;k gSA uklk osQ rduhf'k;u bl ckjs esa tkp dj jgs gSarFkk bl ;kaf=kd gkFk dks nq#Lr djus osQ iz;kl Hkh tkjh gSa---**

blosQ oqQN gh fnuksackn i`Foh osQ lHkh izeq[k v[kckjksa us Nkik^^uklk osQ rduhf'k;uks a dks fjeksV OkaQVksy osQ lgkjs okbfoaQx dks

nq#Lr djus esaliQyrk feyh gSA ;kaf=kd gkFk us vc eaxy dh fe^h osQfofHkUu uewus bd_s djus dk dke vkjaHk dj fn;k gS---**

iFoh osQ oSKkfud eaxy dh bl fe^h dk v;;u djus osQ fy, cM+smRlqd Fks A mUgsa mEehn Fkh fd bl fe^h osQ v;;u ls bl ckr dk irkyxk;k tk losQxk fd D;k eaxy xzg ij Hkh i`Foh dh gh rjg tho l`f"Vdk vfLrRo gSA ;g iz'u vkt Hkh ,d jgL; gSA

t;ar fo".kq ukyhZdj(ejkBh ls vuqokn% js[kk ns'kikaMs)

iz'u&vH;kl

dgkuh ls

1- NksVwdk ifjokj dgkjgrk Fkk\2- NksVwdks lqjax esa tkus dh btkkr D;ksa ughaFkh\ ikB osQ vk/kj ij fy[kksA3- daVksy :e esa tkdj NksVw us D;k ns[kk vkSj ogk mlus D;k gjdr dh\4- bl dgkuh osQ vuqlkj eaxy xzg ij dHkh vke tu&thou FkkA og lc u"V

oSQls gks x;k\ bls fy[kksA5 - dgkuh esavarfj{k ;ku dks fdlus Hkstk Fkk vkSj D;ksa\


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ikj ukj osQ/51

6- uacj ,d] uacj nk s vkSj uacj rhu vtuch ls fucVus osQ dkSu ls rjhosQlq>krs gSavkSj D;ksa\

dgkuh ls vkxs

1- (d) fnyhi ,e- lkYoh ([k) t;ar fo".kqukyhZdj

(x) vkbkd ,slhekso (?k) vkFkZj DykoZ Qij fn, x, ys[kdksadh varfj{k lacakh dgkfu;k bd_h djosQ ius dh dks f'k'k djksA oq QN ,slh dgkfu;kNkVdj fudkyks] tks vkxspydj lp lkfcr gqbZ gSaA

2- bl ikB esa varfj{k ;ku vtuch cudj vkrk gSA ^vtuch* 'kCn ij lkspksAbalku Hkh dbZ ckj vtuch ekus tkrs gSa vkSj dksbZ txg ;k 'kgj HkhA D;krqEgkjh eqykdkr ,sls fdlh vtuch ls gqbZ gS\ u, LowQy dk igyk vuqHkooSQlk Fkk\ D;k mls Hkh vtuch dgksxs\ vxj gk rks ^vtuchiu* nwj oSQls

gqvk\ bl ij lkspdj oqQN fy[kksA

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- ;g dgkuh kehu osQ vanj dh fkanxh dk irk nsrh gSA kehu osQ ij eaxyxzg ij lc oqQN oSQlk gksxk] bldh dYiuk djks vkSj fy[kksA

2- eku yks fd rqe NksVw gks vkSj ;g dgkuh fdlh dks lquk jgs gks rks oSQlslqukvksxsA lkspks vkSj ^eSa* 'kSyh esa ;g dgkuh lqukvksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- flD;ksfjVh&ikl mBkrs gh njokkk can gks x;kA;g ckr ge bl rjhosQ ls Hkh dg ldrs gSa


52/158

52/oLakr

tSls gh dkMZmBk;k] njokkk can gks x;kA;ku nks] nksuks a okD;ksaesaD;k varj gSA ,sls okD;ksaosQ rhu tksM+s rqe Lo;a

lkspdj fy[kksA2- NksVw us pkjksarjI+kQukj nkSM+kbZA

NksVwus pkjksarjI+kQns[kk

Ami;qZDr okD;ksaes a lekurk gksrs gq, Hkh varj gSAokD;ksa esa eqgkojs fof'k"V vFkZnsrs gSaA uhps fn, x, okD;ka'kksaesa^ukj* osQlkFk vyx&vyx f;kvksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA budk okD;ksa;k mfpr lanHkksesa iz;ksx djksukj iM+uk ukj j[kuk ukj vkuk ukjs a uhph gksuk

3- uhps nks&nks 'kCnksa dh dM+h nh xbZ gS A izR;sd dM+h dk ,d 'kCn laKk gS vkSjnwljk 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gSA okD; cukdj le>ks vkSj crkvks fd buesa ls dkSu&ls'kCn laKk gSavkSj dkSu&ls fo'ks"k.kA

vkd"kZd vkd"kZ.k izHkko izHkko'kkyh

izsj.kk izsjd

4- ikB ls I+kQ vkSj k okys (uqDrs okys) pkj&pkj 'kCn NkVdj fy[kksA bl lwphesa rhu&rhu 'kCn viuh vksj ls Hkh tksM+ksA

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

flD;ksfjVh & lqj{kk pan & oqQN pqfuank & pq uk gqvk


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54/oLakr

7- lkFkh gkFk c


55/158


56/158

56/oLakr

iz'u&vH;kl

xhr osQ ckjs esa

1- ;g xhr fdldks lacksfkr gS\

2- bl xhr dh fdu iafDr;ksadks rqe vius vklikl dh fkanxh esa ?kVrs gq,ns[k ldrs gks\

3- ^lkxj us jLrk NksM+k] ijcr us lhl >qdk;k* lkfgj us ,slk D;ksadgk gS\fy[kksA

4- xhr esa lhus vkSj ckg dks I+kQkSyknh D;ksa dgk x;k gS\

xhr ls vkxs

1- vius vklikl rqe fdls ^lkFkh* ekurs gks vkSj D;ksa\ blls feyrs&tqyrs nl'kCn vius 'kCn&HkaMkj esa tksM+ksA

2 - ^viuk nq[k Hkh ,d gS lkFkh] viuk lq[k Hkh ,d*d{kk] eksgYys vkSj xko osQ fdl&fdl rjg osQ lkfFk;ksaosQ chp rqe blokD; dh lPpkbZdks eglwl dj ikrs gks vkSj oSQls\

3- bl xhr dks rqe fdl ekgkSy esa xquxquk ldrs gks\4- ^,d vosQyk Fkd tk,xk] feydj cks> mBkuk*

(d) rqe vius ?kj eas bl ckr dk ;ku oSQls j[k ldrs gks\([k) ikik osQ dke vkSj ek osQ dke D;k&D;k gSa\(x) D;k os ,d&nwljs dk gkFk cVkrs gSa\

5- ;fn rq eus^u;k nkSj* fI+kQYe ns[kh gS rks crkvks fd ;g xhr fI+kQYe esadgkuhosQ fdl eksM+ ij vkrk gS\ fiQYe ns[kks vkSj crkvksA


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59/158

lkFkh gkFk c


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60/oLakr

8- ,sls&,sls

ik=k&ifjp;

eksgu % ,d fo|kFkhZ nhukukFk % ,d iM+kslh

ek % eksgu dh ekfirk % eksgu osQ firkekLVj % eksgu osQ ekLVj thA

oS| th] MkWDVj rFkk ,d iM+ksfluA

(lM+d osQ fdukjs ,d lqanj + ySV esa cSBd dk n`';A mldk ,d

njokkk lM+d okys cjkensesa[kqyrk gS] nwljk vanj osQ dejs esa] rhljkjlksbZ?kj esaA vyekfj;ksa esa iqLrosaQ yxh gSaA ,d vksj jsfM;ksdk lsV gSA nksvksj nksNksVs r[r gSa] ftu ij xyhps fcNsgSaA chp esa oqQjfl;k gSaA ,dNksVh esk Hkh gSA ml ij I+kQksu j[kk gSA ijnk mBusij eksgu ,d r[rij ysVk gSA vkB&ukSo"kZosQ yxHkx mez gksxh mldhA rhljh Dykl esai


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,sls&,sls/61

gVkdj isV ij cksry j[krh gSA fiQj eksgu osQ firk dh vksjeqM+rh gSA) blus dgha oqQN vaV&'kaV rks ugha[kk fy;k\

firk %dgk\ oqQN Hkh ughaA flI+kZQ ,d osQyk vkSj ,d larjk [kk;kFkkA vjs] ;g rks n+rj ls pyus rd owQnrk fiQj jgk FkkA clvas ij vkdj ;dk;d cksyk firk th] esjs isV esarks oqQN^,sls&,sls* gks jgk gSA

ek %oSQls\ firk %cl ^,sls&,sls* djrk jgkA eSaus dgkvjs] xM+xM+ gksrh gS\

rks cksyk ughaA fiQj iwNkpkowQ&lk pqHkrk gS\ rks tokcfn;k ughaA xksyk&lk iwQVrk gS] rks cksykughaA tks iwNk

mldk tokcughaA cl ,d gh jV yxkrk jgk] oqQN ,sls&,sls*gksrk gSA


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62/oLakr

ek %(gldj) glh dh glh] nq[k dk nq[k] ;g ^,sls&,sls* D;kgksrk gS\ dksbZu;h chekjh rks ugha\ cspkjs dk eqg oSQls mrjx;k gS! gokb;kmM+ jgh gSaaA

firk %vth] ,dne lI+ksQn iM+ x;k FkkA [kM+k ugha jgk x;kA cl esa

Hkh ukprk jgkesjs isV esa ^,sls&,sls* gksrk gSA ^,sls&,sls*gksrk gSA

eks gu %(kksj lsdjkgdj) ek! vks ek! ek %u&u esjs csVs ] esjs yky] ,sls ughaA vth] kjk ns[kuk] MkWDVj

D;ksa ugha vk;k! bls rks oqQN ;knk gh rdyhI+kQ tku iM+rhgSA ;g ,sls&,sls* rks dksbZcM+h [kjkc chekjh gS A ns[kksu] oSQls yksV jgk gS! kjkHkh dy ughaiM+rhA ghax]

pwju] fiijesaVlc ns pqdhgwA oS| th vk tkrs!

(rHkh I+kQksu dh ?kaVhctrh gSA eksgu osQ firkmBkrs gSaA)

firk %;g 43332 gS A th] th gkA cksy jgk gw---dkSu\ MkWDVj lkgc!

th gk] eksgu os Q isV es a nnZ gS---th ugha] [kk;k rks oqQNugha---cl ;gh dg jgk gS---cl th---ugha] fxjk Hkh ugha---


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64/oLakr

ek %ij vc rks cspkjk oSQlk Fkd x;k gS ! eq>s rks Mj gS fd dyLowQy oSQls tk,xk!

nhukukFk %th gk] oqQN cM+h rdyhI+kQ gS ] rHkh rks iM+kA ekewyh rdyhI+kQdks rks ;g oqQN le>rk ughaA ij dksbZMj ughaA eSa oS| th

ls dg vk;k gwA os vk gh jgs gSaA Bhd dj nsaxsAeks gu %(rskh lsdjkgdj) vjs----js&js&js----vksg! ek %(?kcjkdj) D;k gS] csVk \ D;k gqvk \eks gu %(#vklk&lk) cM+s kksj ls ,sls&,sls gksrk gS A ,sls&,slsA ek %,sls oSQls] csVs\ ,sls D;k gksrk gS\eks gu %,sls&,slsA (isV nckrk gSA)

(oS| th dk izos'k)

oS| th %dgkgS eksgu\ eSaus dgk] t; jketh dh! dgks csVk] [ksyus lsth Hkj x;k D;k\ dksbZ /ek&pkSdM+h djus dks ugha cphgS D;k\(lc mBdj gkFk tksM+rsgSaA oS| th eksgu osQ ikl oqQjlh ijcSB tkrs gSaA)

firk %oS| th] 'kke rd Bhd FkkA n+rj pyrs oDr jkLrs esa,dnecksyk esjs isV esa nnZgksrk gS A ,sls&,sls* gksrk gS A le> ughavkrk] ;g oSQlk nnZgS!

oS| th %vHkh crk nsrk gwA vly esa cPpk gSA le>k ughaikrk gSA(ukM+h nckdj) okr dk izdksi gS---eSaus dgk] csVk] thHk rks


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,sls&,sls/65

fn[kkvksA (eksgu thHk fudkyrk gSA) dCk gSA isV lkI+kQ ughagqvkA (isV VVksydj) gw] isV lkI+kQ ugha gSA ey #d tkus lsok;qc


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66/oLakr

firk %MkWDVj lkgc] oqQN le> esa ugha vkrkAMkW DVj %(isV nckus yxrs gSaA) vHkh ns[krk gwA thHk rks fn[kkvks csVkA

(eksgu thHk fudkyrk gSA) gw] rks feLVj] vkiosQ isV esa oSQlsgksrk gS\ ,sls&,sls\

(eksgu cksyrk ugha] djkgrk gSA) ek %crkvks] csVk! MkWDVj lkgc dks le>k nksAeks gu %th---th---,sls&,slsA oqQN ,sls&,sls gksrk gS A (gkFk lscrkrk gSA

mxfy;kHkhaprk gSA) MkWDVj] rch;r rks cM+h [kjkc gSAMkW DVj %(lglk xaHkhj gksdj) og rks eSans[k jgk gwA psgjk crkrk gS ]

bls dkI+kQh nnZ gSA vly esa dbZrjg osQ nnZ py iM+s gSaAdkS fyd isu rks gS ughaA vkSj iQksM+k Hkh ugha tku iM+rkA(cjkcj isV VVksyrk jgrk gSA)

ek %(dkidj) iQksM+k!MkW DVj %th ugha] og ugha gS A fcyoqQy ugha gSA (eksgu ls)kjk eqg

fiQj [kksyukA thHk fudkyksA (eksgu thHk fudkyrk gSA) gk]dCk gh yxrk gSA oqQN cngkeh Hkh gSA (mBrs gq,) dksbZckr ughaA nok Hkstrk gwA ( firk ls) D;ksau vki gh pysa! esjkfopkj gS fd ,d gh [kqjkd ihus osQ ckn rch;r Bhd gkstk,xhA dHkh&dHkh gok #d tkrh gS vkSj iaQnk Mky ysrh gS Acl mlh dh ,asBu gSA

(MkWDVj tkrsgSaA eksgu osQ firk nl dk uksV fy, ihNs&ihNstkrsgSavkSj MkWDVj lkgc dksnsrsgSaA)


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,sls&,sls/67

ek %lsad rks nw] MkWDVj lkgc\MkW DVj %(nwj ls) gk] xje ikuh dh cksry ls lsad nhft,A

(MkWDVj tkrs gSaA ekcksry mBkrh gSA iM+ksflu vkrh gSA)iM+ksflu %D;ksaeksgu dh ek] oSQlk gS eksgu\

ek %vkvks th] jkewdh dkdh! oSQlk D;k gksrk! ykspk&ykspk fiQjsgSA tkus og ,sls&,sls* nnZD;k gS] yM+osQ dk cqjk gky djfn;kA

iM+ksflu %uk th] bkh u;h&u;h chekfj;kfudyh gSaA ns[k ysuk] ;g HkhdksbZu;k nnZ gksxkA jke ekjh chekfj;ksa us rax dj fn;kAu,&u, cq[kkj fudy vk, gSaA og ckr gS fd [kkuk&ihuk rksjgk ughaA

ek %MkWDVj dgrk gS fd cngkeh gSA vkt rks jksVh Hkh muosQ lkFk

[kkdj x;k FkkA ogkHkh oqQN ugha[kk;kA vktdy rks fcuk[kk, chekjh gksrh gSA(ckgj lsvkokk vkrh gS & eksgu! eksgu!*A fiQj ekLVj thdk izos'k gksrk gSA)

ek %vksg] eksgu osQ ekLVj th gSaA (iqdkjdj) vk tkb,! ekLVj %lquk gS fd eksgu osQ isV esa oqQN ,sls&,sls* gks jgk gS ! D;ksa]

HkkbZ\ (ikl vkdj) gk] psgjk rks oqQN mrjk gqvk gSA nknk]dy rks LowQy tkuk gSA rqEgkjs fcuk rks Dykl esajkSud gh

ughajgsxhA D;ksaekrk th] vkius D;k f[kyk fn;k Fkk bls\ ek %[kk;k rks cspkjs us oqQN ughaA


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ekLVj %rc 'kk;n u [kkus dk nnZgSA le> x;k] mlh esa^,sls&,sls*gksrk gSA

ek %ij ekLVj th] oS| vkSj MkWDVj rks nLr dh nok HkstsaxsA ekLVj %ekrk th] eksgu dh nok oS| vkSj MkWDVj osQ ikl ughagSA

bldh ,sls&,sls* dh chekjh dks eSatkurk gwA vDlj eksgutSls yM+dksadks og gks tkrh gSA

ek %lp! D;k chekjh gS ;g\ ekLVj %vHkh crkrk gwA (eksgu ls) vPNk lkgc! nnZ rks nwj gks gh

tk,xkA Mjks erA cs'kd dy LowQy er vkukA ij gk] ,dckr rks crkvks] LowQy dk dke rks iwjk dj fy;k gS\(eksgu pqi jgrk gSA)

ek %tokc nks] csVk] ekLVj th D;k iwNrs gSaA

ekLVj %gk ] cksyks] csVkA


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,sls&,sls/69

(eksgu oqQN nsj fiQj ekSu jgrk gSA fiQj budkj esa fljfgykrk gSA)

eksgu %th] lc ughagqvkA ekLVj %gw! 'kk;n loky jg x, gSaA

eksgu %th! ekLVj %rks ;g ckr gSA ^,sls&,sls* dke u djus dk Mj gSA ek %(pkSaddj) D;k\

(eksgu lglk eqg fNik ysrk gSA) ekLVj %(gldj) oqQN ugha] ekrk th] eksgu us eghuk Hkj ekSt dhA

LowQy dk dke jg x;kA vkt [k;ky vk;kA cl Mj osQ ekjsisV esa ,sls&,sls* gksus yxk^,sls&,sls*! vPNk] mfB, lkgc!vkiosQ ,sls&,sls* dh nok esjs ikl gSA LowQy ls vkidks nks

fnu dh Nq^h feysxhA vki mlesa dke iwjk djsaxs vkSj vkidk^,sls&,sls* nwj Hkkx tk,xkA (eksgu mlh rjg eqg fNik, jgrkgSA) vc mBdj loky 'kq: dhft,A mfB,] [kkuk feysxkA(eksgu mBrk gSA ek Bxh&lh ns[krh gSA nksvksj lsfirk vkSjnhukukFk nok ysdj izos'k djrsgSaA)

ek %D;ksajs eksgu] rsjs isV esa rks cgqr cM+h nk


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ek %D;k&D;k gksrk! ;g ,sls&,sls* isV dk nnZughagS] LowQy dkdke u djus dk Mj gSA

firk %gsa!(nok dh 'kh'kh gkFk ls NwVdj I+kQ'kZij fxj iM+rh gSA ,d

{k.k lc Bxs&lseksgu dksns[krsgSaA fiQj gl iM+rsgSaA)nhukukFk %okg] eksgu] okg! firk %okg] csVk th] okg! rqeus rks [kwc Ndk;k!

(,d vgkl osQ ckn ijnk fxj tkrk gSA)

fo".kq izHkkdj

iz'u&vH;kl

,dkadh ls

1- ^lM+d osQ fdukjs ,d laqnj +ySV esacSBd dk n`';A mldk ,d njokkklM+d okys cjkens es a [kqyrk gS---------------ml ij ,d I+ kQksu j[kk gSA*bl cSBd dh iwjh rLohj cukvksA

2- ek eksgu osQ ^,sls&,sls* dgus ij D;ksa ?kcjk jgh Fkh\

3- ,sls dkSu&dkSu ls cgkus gksrs gaS ftUgsa ekLVj th ,d gh ckj esa lqudj le>tkrs gaS\ ,sls oqQN cgkuksa osQ ckjs es a fy[kksA


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,sls&,sls/71

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- tc rq Egkjh rch;r [kjkc gksrh gS rks rqEgkjs ?kjokyksa dk O;ogkj rqEgkjs izfroSQlk jgrk gS\ bls f'k{kd dks crkvksA

2- eku yks fd rqe eksgu dh rch;r iwNus tkrs gksA rqe vius vkSj eksgu osQ

chp dh ckrphr dks laokn osQ :i esafy[kksA3- ^ukVd* 'kCn dk vke fkanxh esa dc&dc bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSa\ lksp dj

fy[kksA4- ladV osQ le; osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls uacj ;kn j[ks tkus pkfg,A iqfyl]

I+kQk;j fczxsM vkSj MkWDVj ls rqe oSQls ckr djksxs\

Hkk"kk dh ckr

(d) eksgu us osQyk vkSj larjk [kk;kA([k) eksgu us osQyk vkSj larjk ugha [kk;kA

(x) eksgu us D;k [kk;k\(?k) eksgu osQyk vkSj larjk [kkvksAmi;qZDr okD;ksaesa ls igyk okD; ,dkadh ls fy;k x;k gSA ckdh rhu okD;ns[kus es a igys okD; ls feyrs&tqyrs gSa] ij muosQ vFkZvyx&vyx gSaAigyk okD; fdlh dk;Z;k ckr osQ gksus osQ ckjs esa crkrk gSA bls fofkokpdokD; dgrs gSaA nwljs okD; dk laca/ ml dk;ZosQ u gksus ls gS] blfy,mls fu"kskokpd okD; dgrs gSA (fu"ksk dk vFkZugha;k eukgh gksrk gSA)rhljsokD; esa blh ckr dks iz'u osQ :i esa iwNk tk jgk gS] ,sls okD; iz'uokpddgykrs gSaA pkSFks okD; esaeksgu ls mlh dk;Z dks djus osQ fy, dgk tk

jgk gSA blfy, mls vkns'kokpd okD; dgrs gSaA vxys i"B ij ,d okD;fn;k x;k gSA blosQ ckdh rhu :i rqe lkspdj fy[kks


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crkuk % #Fk us diM+ s vyekjh es a j[ksAugha@euk djuk % -----------------------------------------------------------

iwNuk % -----------------------------------------------------------

vkns'k nsuk % -----------------------------------------------------------

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCnXkyhpk & lwr ;k u ds /kxs ls cquk gqvk dkyhuAvaV&'kaV & I+kQkyrw phksa

xM+&xM+ & xjtus dh vkokk dy & pSucyk & d"V Hkyk&paxk & LoLFk] ra n#Lr] vPNk&[kklk

xqykkj & pgy&igy okyk

/ek&pkSdM+h & mNy&dwn] dwn&iQk n] /eokr & 'kjhj es a jgus okyh ok;q osQ c


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fVdV&vyce/73

9- fVdV&vyce

vc jktIik dks dksbZ ugha iwNrkA vktdy lc&osQ&lc ukxjktu dks ?ksjsjgrsA ukxjktu ?keaMh gks x;k gS*] jktIik lkjs yM+dksa esa dgrk fiQjrkAij yM+osQ Hkyk dgkmldh ckrksaij ;ku nsrs! ukxjktu osQ ekek th us

flaxkiqj ls ,d vyce fHktok;k FkkA og yM+dksadks fn[kk;k djrkAlqcg igyh ?kaVh osQ ctus rd lHkh yM+osQ ukxjktu dks ?ksjdj vyce


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74/oLakr

ns[kk djrsA vk/h Nq^h osQ oDr Hkh mlosQ vklikl yM+dksa dk te?kVyxk jgrkA dbZ yksx Vksfy;ks a esamlosQ ?kj rd gks vk,A ukxjktu'kkafriwoZd lHkh dks viuk vyce fn[kkrk] ij fdlh dks gkFk ughayxkus nsrkA vyce dks xksn esa j[k ysrk vkSj ,d&,d ik iyVrk]

yM+osQ cl ns[kdj [kq'k gksrsAvkSj rks vkSj d{kk dh yM+fd;k Hkh ml vyce dks ns[kus osQ fy,

mRlqd FkhaA ikoZrh yM+fd;ksa dh vxqok cuh vkSj vyce ekxus vkbZAyM+fd;ksaesaogh rsk&rjkZj ekuh tkrh FkhA ukxjktu us doj p


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fVdV&vyce/75

ij jktIik ughaekukA ?keaMh dgha dk*] jktIik cM+cM+k;k FkkA fiQj mlusrh[kk tokc fn;k Fkk] ^rqEgkjs ?kj esa tks I;kjh cPph gS u] mls ns nks urhl #i, esaA** lkjs yM+osQ Bgkdk ekjdj gl iM+s FksA

ij vc\ dksbZ mlosQ vyce dh ckr rd ughadjrkA vkSj rks vkSjvc lc mlosQ vyce dh rqyuk ukxjktu osQ vyce ls djus yxs gSaA

lc dgrs gSajktIik dk vyce fiQlh gSAij jktIik us ukxjktu osQ vyce dks ns[kus dh bPNk dHkh ugha

izdV dhA ysfdu tc nwljs yM+osQ mls ns[k jgs gksrs rks og uhph vk[kksals ns[k ysrkA lpeqp ukxjktu dk vyce csgn I;kjk FkkA ij jktIik osQ


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77/158

fVdV&vyce/77

Bhd gS] nl #i, dh 'krZA esjs okys fVdV fn[kk nksArqEgkjk vyce owQM+k gS ".ku ph[kk] gk] gk owQM+kA

yM+osQ tSls dksjl xkus yxsAjktIik dks yxk] vius vyce osQ ckjs esa ckrsa djuk I+kQkyrwgSA mlus

fdruh esgur vkSj yxu ls fVdV cVksjs gSaA flaxkiqj ls vk, bl ,diklZy us ukxjktu oQks ,d gh fnu esae'kgwj dj fn;kA ij nksuksaesafdrukvarj gS! ;s yM+osQ D;k le>saxs\jktIik eu&gh&eu oqQs!


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78/oLakr

mlosQ ikl ftrus Hkh I+kQkyrw fVdV gSa mUgsaVjdk dj] mlls vPNsfVdV >kM+ ysxkA fdruksadks rks mlus ;wgh mYywcuk;k gSA fdruhpkyckkh djuh iM+rh gSA ukxjktu Hkyk fdl [ksr dh ewyh gS\

jktIik ukxjktu os Q ?kj igqpdj ij x;kA pwfd og vdljvk;k&tk;k djrk Fkk] lks fdlh us ugha VksdkA ij igq pdj og

ukxjktu dh esk os Q ikl iM+h oq Qjlh ij cSB x;kA oq QN ns j cknukxjktu dh cgu dkek{kh ij vkbZA

^^HkS;k 'kgj x;k gS A vjs gk] rqeus HkS;k dk vyce ns[kk\** mlus iwNkAgw] jktIik dks gk dgus esa gsdM+h gks jgh FkhAcgqr laqnj vyce gS uk\ lquk gS LowQy Hkj esa fdlh osQ Hkh ikl

bruk cM+k vyce ughagSA

rqels fdlus dgk\HkS;k usA

og oqQ


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fVdV&vyce/79

lhfkddj ns[kkA fiQj tYnh esanjkk [kksyhA vyce ij gh j[kk gqvk FkkA igyk i`"B [kksykA muokD;ksa dks mlus nksckjk iV dehk osQ uhps [kksal fy;k vkSj njkk can dj fn;kA lhfkdkA iwjk 'kjhj tSls tyus yxkFkkA xyk lw[k jgk Fkk vkSj psgjk rerekus yxk FkkAjkr vkB cts viw vk;kA gkFk&iko fgykdj mlus iwjh ckr dg lqukbZAlquk rqeus ] ukxjktu dk vyce [kks x;kA ge nksuksa'kgj x, gq, Fks

ykSVdj ns[kk rks vyce xk;c!

jktIik pqi jgkA mlus viwdks fdlh rjg VkykA mlosQ tkrs gh mlus>V dejs dk njokkk HksM+ fy;k vkSj vyekjh osQ ihNs ls vycefudkydj ns[kkA mls fiQj fNik fn;kA Mj Fkk dghadksbZns[k u ysA

jkr esa [kkuk ugha [kk;kA isV tSls Hkjk gqvk FkkA lkjk ?kj fpafrr gksx;kA mldk psgjk Hk;kud gks x;k FkkA

jkr] mlus lksus dh dksf'k'k dh ij uhan ughavkbZA vyce fljgkusrfd, osQ uhps j[kdj lks x;kA

lqcg viw nksckjk vk;kA jktIik rc Hkh fcLrj ij cSBk FkkA viw lqcgukxjktu osQ ?kj gksdj vk;k FkkA dy rqe mlosQ ?kj x, Fks \ viw us iwNkA


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80/oLakr

jktIik dh lkl tSls ij dh ij vkSj uhps dh uhps jg xbZA fiQjflj fgyk fn;kA og ftl rjg pkgs lksp ysA

dkek{kh us dgk Fkk fd gekjs tkus osQ ckn [kkyh rqe ogkvk, FksAviw cksykA jktIik dks le>rs nsj ugha yxh fd vc lc ml ij 'kd

djus yxs gSaAdy jkr ls ukxjktu yxkrkj jks, tk jgk gSA mlosQ ikik 'kk;n

iqfyl dks [kcj nsaA viw us fiQj dgkAjktIik fiQj Hkh pqi jgkAmlosQ ikik Mh-,l-ih- osQ n+rj esagh rks dke djrs gSaA cl og

iyd >id nsavkSj iqfyl dh I+kQkSt gkfkjA viw tSls vkx esa ?kh Mkyjgk FkkA

;g rks Hkyk gqvk fd viw dk HkkbZmls


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fVdV&vyce/81

dkSu gS\ vjs njokkk D;ksaugha[kksyrk\ vEek Hkhrj ls fpYykbAFkksM+h nsj vkSj gqbZrks vEek [kqn gh mBdj pyh vk,xhAjktIik fiNokM+s dh vksj HkkxkA tYnh ls ckFk:e esa ?kqldj njokkk

can dj fy;kA vEek us vxhBh ij xje ikuh dh nsxph ps


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ugha;kjA lpeqp rqedks ns jgk gwA j[k yksAjktIik Hkyk viuk vyce mls ns ns! oSQlk peRdkj gS! ukxjktu dks

vc Hkh ;dhu ughavk jgk FkkA ij jktIik viuh ckr ckj&ckj nksgjk jgkFkkA mldk xyk Hkj vk;k FkkA

Bhd gS] eSabls j[k ysrk gwA ij rqe D;k djksxs\eq>s ugha pkfg,AD;ksa] rqEgsa,d Hkh fVdV ughapkfg,\ughaAij rqe oSQls jgksxs cxSj fdlh fVdV osQ\


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fVdV&vyce/83

jksrk D;ksagS ;kj!ys] bl vyce dks rwgh j[k ysA bruh esgur dh gS rwusA ukxjktu

cksykAugha] rqe j[k yks A ysdj pys tkvksA tkvks] pys tkvks ;gklsA og

ph[kk vkSj iwQV&iwQVdj jks fn;kAukxjktu dh le> esaoqQN ugha vk;kA og vyce ysdj uhps mrj

x;kAdehk ls vk[ksaiksaNrk gqvk jktIik Hkh uhps mrj vk;kA nksuksa

lkFk&lkFk njokks rd vk,Acgqr&cgqr /U;oknA eSa?kj pyw\ ukxjktu lhf


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84/oLakr

iz'u&vH;kl

dgkuh ls1- vyce ij fdlus vkSj D;ks a fy[kk\ bldk vlj Dykl osQ nwljs

yM+osQ&yM+fd;ksaij D;k gqvk\2- ukxjktu osQ vyce osQ fgV gks tkus osQ ckn jktIik osQ eu dh D;k n'kk gqbZ\3- vyce pqjkrs le; jktIik fdl ekufld fLFkfr ls xqkj jgk Fkk\4- jktIik us ukxjktu dk fVdV&vyce vxhBh es a D;ksaMky fn;k\5- ys[kd us jktIik osQ fVdV bd_k djus dh rqyuk ekqeD[kh ls D;ksa dh\

dgkuh ls vkxs

1- fVdVks a dh rjg gh cPps vkSj cM+ s nwljh phks a Hkh tek djrs gSaA flDosQmuesals ,d gSaA D;k rqe oqQN vU; phkksaosQ ckjs esa lksp ldrs gks ftUgsa

tek fd;k tk ldrk gS\ muosQ uke fy[kksA2- fVdV&vyce dk 'kkSd j[kus osQ jktIik vkSj ukxjktu osQ rjhosQ esaD;kI+kQoZQ gS\ rqe vius 'kkSd osQ fy, dkSu&lk rjhdk viukvksxs\

3- bdk fd, gq, fVdVksa dk vyx&vyx rjg ls oxhZdj.k fd;k tk ldrkgSA tSls] ns'k osQ vkkkj ijA ,sls vkSj vkkkj lkspdj fy[kksA

4- dbZ yksx phksa bdk dj ^fxuhk cqd vkWI+kQ oYMZ fjdkWMZ* esa viuk ukentZ djokrs gSaA blosQ ihNs mudh D;k izsj.kk gksrh gksxh\ lkspks vkSj viusnksLrks a ls bl ij ckrphr djksA

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- jktIik vyce osQ tyk, tkus dh ckr ukxjktu dks D;ksaugha dg ikrk gS\vxj og dg nsrk rks D;k dgkuh osQ var ij oqQN I+kQoZQ iM+rk\ oSQls\


85/158

fVdV&vyce/85

2- ^vkW LVs fy;k os Q nks fVdVksaosQ cnys fI+kQuySa M dk ,d fVdV ys rkA nksikfdLrku osQ cnys ,d :l dkA* og ,slk D;ksadjrk Fkk\

3- d{kk osQ ckdh fo|kFkhZ Lo;a vyce D;ksaughacukrs Fks\ og jktIik vkSjukxjktu osQ vyce osQ n'kZd ek=k D;ksajg tkrs gSa\ vius f'k{kd dks

crkvksAHkk"kk dh ckr

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksadks dgkuh esa


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86/oLakr

lquuk&lqukuk

1- jktIik vkSj ukxjktu dh rjg D;k rqe Hkh dksbZxaHkhj 'kkSd j[krs gks\ mllstqM+s fdLls lqukvksA

2- oq QN dgkfu;k lq[kkar gksrh gSavkSj oqQN dgkfu;k nq%[kkar gksrh gSaA bl dgkuh

osQ var dks rqe D;k ekuksxs\ crkvksAiks

oqQ


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fVdV&vyce/87

Vjdkuk & f[kldk nsuk] Vky nsukgsdM+h & kcjnLrh] cykr oqQN djus dh izofkHksM+ ysuk & fHkM+k nsuk] lVk nsuk] can djuk

lkdy & njokkk can djus osQ fy, yxkbZtkus okyh yksgs dh dM+h


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88/oLakr

10- >klh dh jkuh

flagklu fgy mBs] jktoa'kks a us Hk`oqQVh rkuh Fkh]cwklh okyh jkuh FkhAA


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>klh dh jkuh/89

dkuiwj osQ ukuk dh eqgcksyh cgu ^Nchyh* Fkh]y{ehckbZuke] firk dh og larku vosQyh Fkh]ukuk osQ lx i


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90/oLakr

gqbZohjrk dh oSHko os Q lkFk lxkbZ >klh esa] C;kg gqvk jkuh cu vkbZ y{ehckbZ >klh esa]jktegy esa cth c/kbZ[kqf'k;k Nkb>klh esa]lqHkV cqansyksa dh fo#nkofy&lh og vkbZ>klh esa]

fp=kk us vtqZu dks ik;k]f'ko ls feyh Hkokuh FkhAcqans ys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

mfnr gqvk lkS HkkX;] eqfnr egyksaesamt;kyh NkbZ]foaQrqdkyxfr pqiosQ&pqiosQ dkyh ?kVk ?ksj ykbZ]rhj pykus okys dj esamls pwfM+;k dc Hkkb]jkuh fokok gqbZ gk;! fof/ dks Hkh ughan;k vkbZ]

fu%lUrku ejs jktk th jkuh 'kksd&lekuh Fkh]cqans ys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >klh okyh jkuh FkhAA


91/158

>klh dh jkuh/91

cq>k nhi >klh dk rc MygkSkh eu esagj"kk;k]jkT; gM+i djus dk mlus ;g vPNk volj ik;k]I+kQkS ju I+kQkStsa Hkst nqxZ ij viuk >aMk iQgjk;k]ykokfjldkokfjlcudj fczfV'k jkT; >klh vk;k]

vJqiw.kZ jkuh us ns[kk>k lh gqbZfcjkuh FkhAcqansys gjcksyksa os Q eqggeus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks>klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

vuqu; fou; ughalqurk gS] fodV fI+kQjaxh dh ek;k]O;kikjh cu n;k pkgrk Fkk tc ;g Hkkjr vk;k]MygkSkh us iSj ilkjs vc rks iyV xbZdk;k] jktkvksa uOokcksa dks Hkh mlus iSjksa Bqdjk;k]

jkuh nklh cuh] cuh ;gnklh vc egjkuh FkhAcqansys gjcksyksa os Q eqggeus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks>klh okyh jkuh FkhAA


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92/oLakr

fNuh jkt/kuh nsgyh dh] fy;k y[ku ckrksa&ckr]oSQn is'kok Fkk fcBwj esa] gqvk ukxiqj dk Hkh ?kkr]mnSiqj] ratksj] lrkjk] djukVd dh dkSu fclkr]tc fd fla/] iatkc] cz ij vHkh gqvk Fkk otz&fuikr]

caxkys] enzkl vkfn dh

Hkh rks ;gh dgkuh FkhAcqans ys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

jkuh jksb jfuoklksa esa] csxe xe ls Fkha cskkj]muosQ xgus&diM+s fcdrs Fks dydks osQ ckkkj]

ljs&vke uhyke Nkirs Fks vaxszkksa osQ v[kckj]^ukxiqj osQ ksoj ys yks* y[ku osQ yks ukSy[k gkj*]

92/oLakr


93/158

>klh dh jkuh/93

;ksa ijns dh bkr ij&ns'kh osQ gkFk fcdkuh FkhA cqansys gjcksyksa osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA

[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

oqQfV;ksaesa Fkh fo"ke osnuk] egyksa esavkgr vieku]ohj lSfudksa osQ eu esaFkk] vius iqj[kksadk vfHkeku] ukuk /qa/wiar is'kok tqVk jgk Fkk lc lkeku]cfgu Nchyh us j.k&paMh dk dj fn;k izdV vkku]

gqvk ;K izkjaHk mUgsa rkslksbZT;ksfr txkuh FkhAcqansys gjcksyksa os Q eqggeus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks>klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

egyksa us nh vkx] >ksiM+h us Tokyk lqyxkbZ Fkh] ;g Lora=krk dh fpuxkjh va rjre ls vkbZ Fkh]

>klh psrh] fnYyh psrh] y[ku yiVsaNkbZFkha] esjB] dkuiqj] iVuk us Hkkjh /we epkbZ Fkh]


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94/oLakr

tcyiqj] dksYgkiqj esaHkhoqQN gypy mdlkuh FkhAcqans ys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA


bl Lora=krk&egk;K esadbZ ohjoj vk, dke] ukuk /qa/wiar] rkfr;k] prqj vkheqYyk ljuke]vgen 'kkg ekSyoh] BkoqQj oqQojflag lSfud vfHkjke]Hkkjr osQ bfrgkl&xxu esa vej jgsaxs ftuosQ uke]

ysfdu vkt tqeZdgykrh] mudh tks oq Qjckuh FkhAcqans ys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

budh xkFkk NksM+ pys ge >k lh osQ eS nkuksa esa] tgk [kM+h gS y{ehckbZ enZ cuh enkZuks a esa]

ysf+VusUV okWdj vk igqpk] vkxs c


95/158

>klh dh jkuh/95

k[eh gksdj okWdj Hkkxk] mls vtc gSjkuh FkhA cqansys gjcksyksa osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA


jkuh cklh okyh jkuh FkhAA

fot; feyh] ij vaxzskksadh fiQj lsuk f?kj vkbZFkh]vcosQ tujy fLeFk lUeq[k Fkk] mlus eqg dh [kkbZFkh]

dkuk vkSj eanjk lf[k;kjkuh osQ lax vkbZ Fkha] ;q {ks=k esa mu nksuksa us Hkkjh ekj epkbZ Fkh]


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96/oLakr

ij] ihNs w jksk vk x;k]gk; ! f?kjh vc jkuh FkhAcqa nsys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA


rks Hkh jkuh ekj&dkVdj pyrh cuh lSU; osQ ikj]foaQrq lkeus ukyk vk;k] Fkk ;g ladV fo"ke vikj]?kksM+k vM+k] u;k ?kksM+k Fkk] brus esavk x, lokj] jkuh ,d] 'k=kq cgqrsjs] gksus yxs okj ij okj]


97/158

>klh dh jkuh/97

?kk;y gksdj fxjh flaguh mls ohj&xfr ikuh FkhA cqansys gjcksyksa osQ eqg geus lquh dgkuh FkhA


jkuh xbZfl/kj] fprk vc mldh fnO; lokjh Fkh]feyk rst ls rst] rst dh og lPph vf/dkjh Fkh]vHkh mez oqQy rsbl dh Fkh] euqt ugha vorkjh Fkh]

gedks thfor djus vkbZ cu Lora=krk ukjh Fkh]

fn[kk xbZiFk] fl[kk xbZgedks tks lh[k fl[kkuh FkhAcqansys gjcksyks a osQ eqg geus lq uh dgkuh FkhA [kwc yM+h enkZ uh og rks >klh okyh jkuh FkhAA

tkvks jkuh ;kn j[ksaxs ge rK Hkkjr oklh] ;g rsjk cfynku txkosxk Lora=krk vfouk'kh]

gksos pqi bfrgkl] yxs lPpkbZ dks pkgs IkQklh]gks enekrh fot;] feVk ns xksyks a ls pkgs >klh]


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98/oLakr

rsjk Lekjd rwgh gksxh]rw [kqn vfeV fu'kkuh FkhAcqa nsys gjcksyks a osQ eqggeus lquh dgkuh FkhA


lqHkk oq Qekjh pkSgku(^eqoqQy* ls)

iz'u&vH;kl

dfork ls

1- ^fda rqdkyxfr pqiosQ&pqiosQ dkyh ?kVk ?ksj ykbZ*(d) bl iafDr esafdl ?kVuk dh vksj laosQr gS\([k) dkyh ?kVk f?kjus dh ckr D;ksadgh xbZgS\

2- dfork dh nwljh iafDr esaHkkjr dks ^cwk lh dh jkuh os Q thou dh dgkuh vius 'kCnks a es a fy[kks vkS j ;g Hkhcrkvks fd mudk cpiu rqEgkjs cpiu ls oSQls vyx Fkk\

4- ohj efgyk dh bl dgkuh eas dkSu&dkSu ls iq#"kksa osQ uke vk, gSa\ bfrgkl

dh oqQN vU; ohj fL=k;ksa dh dgkfu;k[kkstksA


99/158

>klh dh jkuh/99

5- >klh dh jkuh osQ thou ls ge D;k izsj.kk ys ldrs gSa\6- va xzskksaosQ oqQp osQ fo# jkuh us viuh ohjrk dk ifjp; fdl izdkj

fn;k\7- jkuh osQ fokok gksus ij MygkSkh D;ks a izlUu gqvk\ mlus D;k fd;k\

8- fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksadk Hkko Li"V djks(d) xqeh gqbZvkkknh dh dher lcus igpkuh FkhA([k) ykokfjl dk okfjl cudj fczfV'k jkT; >klh vk;kA

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- dfork esa Lok/hurk laxzke osQ fdl nkSj dh ckr gS\2- lqHkk oqQekjh pkSgku y{ehckbZdks ^enkZuh* D;ksadgrh gSa\3- ^cjNh*] ik.k*] dVkjh* ml kekus osQ gfFk;kj FksA vktdy iz;ksx esa yk,

tkus okys gfFk;kjksaosQ uke fy[kksA

4- lu~ 1857 osQ ;q osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr djksA vxj rqe ml ;q osQnkSj esa gksrs rks dYiuk dj crkvks fd D;k djrsA

oqQN djus dks

1- bl dfork esaftu txgksa osQ uke vk, gSamudks Hkkjr osQ uD'ks ij fn[kkvksvkSj lu~1857 osQ foksg osQ nkSjku y{ehckbZ dh ;k=kk fn[kkvksA

2- bl dfork dk lkewfgd lLoj ikB djks vkSj xhfr ukV~; osQ :i esaHkh blsizLrqr djksA

3- bl dfork dh tks Hkh iafDr;krqEgsa vPNh yxrh gksamUgsa NkVdj fy[kks vkSj

mu ij vius nksLrksaosQ lkFk ckrphr djksA


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100/oLakr

Hkk"kk dh ckr

uhps fy[ks okD;ka'kksa (okD; osQ fgLlksa) dks iklh dh jkuh tsfldk dk HkkbZ izsepan dh dgkuhfe^h osQ ?kM+s ik p ehy dh nwjh ugkus dk lkcqu

j'khn dk n+rj js'kek osQ cPps cukjl osQ vke dk]osQvkSjdhnks laKkvksa dk lacak crkrs gSaA ij fn, x, okD;ka'kksaesavyx&vyx txg bu rhuksadk iz;ksx gqvk gSA ;ku ls i


101/158

>klh dh jkuh/101

O;wg jpuk & lew g] ;q esalqn`


102/158

102/oLakr

11- tks ns[kdj Hkh ughans[krs

dHkh&dHkh eSa vius fe=kksadh ijh{kk ysrh gw] ;g ij[kus osQ fy, fd ogD;k ns[krs gSaA gky gh esa esjh ,d fiz; fe=k taxy dh lSj djus osQ cknokfil ykSVhaA eSaus muls iwNk] ^^vkius D;k&D;k ns[kk\**

^^oqQN [kkl rks ugha]** mudk tokc FkkA eq>s cgqr vpjt ughagqvk

D;ksafd eSavc bl rjg osQ mkjksadh vknh gks pqdh gwA esjk fo'okl gSfd ftu yksxksadh vk[ksagksrh gSa] os cgqr de ns[krs gSaA


103/158

tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs/103

D;k ;g laHko gS fd Hkyk dksbZtaxy esa?kaVk Hkj ?kwes vkSj fiQj HkhdksbZfo'ks"k phk u ns[ks\ eq>sftls oqQN Hkh fn[kkbZughansrk] dks HkhlSdM+ksajkspd phksa fey tkrh gSa] ftUgsaeSa Nwdj igpku ysrh gwA eSaHkkst&i=k osQ isM+ dh fpduh Nky vkSj phM+ dh [kqjnjh Nky dks Li'kZ

ls igpku ysrh gwA olar osQ nkSjku eSaVgfu;ksa esa u;h dfy;k [kkstrh gwAeq>s iwQyksadh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh e[keyh lrg Nwus vkSj mudh ?kqekonkjcukoV eglwl djus esavikj vkuan feyrk gSA bl nkSjku eq>s izfr osQtknw dk oqQN vglkl gksrk gS A dHkh] tc eSa[kq'kulhc gksrh gw] rks Vguhij gkFk j[krs gh fdlh fpfM+;k osQ e/qj Loj dkuksaesa xwtus yxrs gSaAviuh vxqfy;ksaosQ chp >jus osQ ikuh dks cgrs gq, eglwl dj eSa


104/158

104/oLakr

vkuafnr gks mBrh gwA eq>s phM+ dh iSQyh ifk;k;k ?kkl dk eSnku fdlhHkh egxs dkyhu ls vf/d fiz; gS A cnyrs gq, ekSle dk lekesjs thou

esa ,d u;k jax vkSj [kqf'k;k Hkj tkrk gSAdHkh&dHkh esjk fny bu lc phkksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA

vxj eq>s bu phkksadks flI+kZQ Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudhlqanjrk ns[kdj rks esjk eu eqX/ gh gks tk,xkA ijarq] ftu yksxksadh vk[ksagSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSaA bl nqfu;k osQ vyx&vyx lqanj jaxmudh laosnuk dks ugha NwrsA euq"; viuh {kerkvksadh dHkh dnj ughadjrkA og ges'kk ml phk dh vkl yxk, jgrk gS tks mlosQ ikl ughagSA

;g fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS fd n`f"V osQ vk'khokZn dks yksx ,dlkkkj.k&lh phk le>rs gSa] tcfd bl fu;ker ls fkanxh dks [kqf'k;ksaosQ banz/uq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk tk ldrk gSA

gsysu osQyj

iz'u&vH;kl

fucak ls

1- ^ftu yksxksaosQ ikl vk[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSa* gsysu osQyjdks ,slk D;ksayxrk Fkk\

2- ^izfr dk tknw* fdls dgk x;k gS\


105/158


3- ^oqQN [kkl rks ugha* gsysu dh fe=k us ;g tokc fdl ekSosQ ij fn;k vkSj;g lqudj gsysu dks vk'p;ZD;ksagqvk\

4- gsysu osQyj izfr dh fdu phkksadks Nwdj vkSj lqudj igpku ysrh Fkha\ikB i


106/158


107/158


2- vxj eq >s bu phkksadks Nwus Hkj ls bruh[kq'khfeyrh gS] rks mudhlqanjrkns[kdj rks esjk eu eqXk gh gks tk,xkAij js[kkafdr laKk, e'k% fdlh Hkko vkSj fdlh dh fo'ks"krk osQ ckjs esacrk jgh gSaA ,slh laKk,Hkkookpd dgykrh gSaA xq.k vkSj Hkko osQ vykok

Hkkookpd laKkvksadk laca/ fdlh dh n'kk vkSj fdlh dk;Zls Hkh gksrk gSAHkkookpd laKk dh igpku ;g gS fd blls tqM+s 'kCnksadks ge flI+kZQ eglwldj ldrs gSa] ns[k ;k NwughaldrsA uhps fy[kh Hkkookpd laKkvksa dks iksA bues a ls oqQN 'kCn laKk vkSj oqQN f;k ls cus gSaA mUgsaHkh

igpkudj fy[kksfeBkl Hkw[k 'kka fr Hkksykiu cq


108/158


109/158

lalkj iqLrd gS/109

12- lalkj iqLrd gS

tc rqe esjs lkFk jgrh gks rks vdlj eq>ls

cgqr&lh ckrs a iwNk djrh gks vkSj eS a mudktokc nsus dh dksf'k'k djrk gwA ysfdu vc]tc rqe elwjh esagks vkSj eSa bykgkckn eas] genksuksaml rjg ckrphr ughadj ldrsA blfy,eSaus bjknk fd;k gS fd dHkh&dHkh rqEgsabl nqfu;k

dh vkSj mu NksVs&cM+sns'kksadh tks bl nqfu;kesagSaNksVh&NksVh dFkk,

fy[kk d: A rqeusfganqLrku vkSj baXySaMdk oqQN gky bfrgkl esa i


110/158

110/oLakr

eq>s ekywe gS fd bu NksVs&NksVs [krksaesacgqr FkksM+h&lh ckrsagh crykldrk gwA ysfdu eq>s vk'kk gS fd bu FkksM+h&lh ckrksadks Hkh rqe 'kkSdls iksxh fd nqfu;k ,d gS vkSj nwljs yksx tks blesa vkckngSagekjs HkkbZ&cgu gSaA tc rqe cM+h gks tkvksxh rks rqe nqfu;k vkSj mlosQ

vknfe;ksadk gky eksVh&eksVh fdrkcksaesai


111/158

lalkj iqLrd gS/111

lksp ysrs] vkSj lqanj ifj;ksa dh dgkfu;k x


112/158

112/oLakr

VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj Mkyks rks gj ,d VqdM+k [kqjnjk vkSj uksdhyk gksxkA ;gxksy fpdus jksM+s dh rjg fcyoqQy ugha gksrkA fiQj ;g jksM+k oSQls brukpedhyk] fpduk vkSj xksy gks x;k\ vxj rqEgkjh vk[ksa ns[ksa vkSj dkulqusarks rqe mlh osQ eqg ls mldh dgkuh lqu ldrh gks A og rqels dgsxk

fd ,d le;] ftls 'kk;n cgqr fnu xqkjs gksa] og Hkh ,d p^ku dkVqdM+k FkkA Bhd mlh VqdM+s dh rjg] mlesafdukjs vkSj dksus Fks] ftls rqecM+h p^ku ls rksM+rh gksA 'kk;n og fdlh igkM+ osQ nkeu esaiM+k jgkArc ikuh vk;k vkSj mls cgkdj NksVh ?kkVh rd ys x;kA ogk ls ,digkM+h ukys us


113/158

lalkj iqLrd gS/113

x;kA bl rjg og OkaQdM+ cuk tks rqEgkjs lkeus gSA fdlh otg ls nfj;kmls NksM+ x;k vkSj rqe mls ik xbA vxj nfj;k mls vkSj vkxs ys tkrkrks og NksVk gksrs&gksrs var esa ckyw dk ,d kjkZ gks tkrk vkSj leqnz osQfdukjs vius Hkkb;ksa ls tk feyrk] tgk,d lqanj ckywdk fdukjk cu

tkrk] ftl ij NksVs&NksVs cPps [ksyrs vkSj ckyw osQ ?kjkSans cukrsAvxj ,d NksVk&lk jksM+k rqEgsabruh ckrsacrk ldrk gS] rks igkM+ksavkSj

nwljh phkksals] tks gekjs pkjksarjI+kQ gSa] gesavkSj fdruh ckrsaekywe gksldrh gSa!

tokgjyky usg:(vaxzskh ls vuqokn%izsepan)

iz'u&vH;kl

i=k ls

1- ys[kd us ^izfr osQ v{kj* fdUgs a dgk gS\2- yk[kksa &djksM+ks a o"kZigys gekjh kjrh oSQlh Fkh\3- nq fu;k dk iqjkuk gky fdu phkksa ls tkuk tkrk gS\ muosQ oqQN uke fy[kksA4- xksy pedhyk jksM+k viuh D;k dgkuh crkrk gS\5- xksy pedhys jksM+s dks ;fn nfj;k vkSj vkxs ys tkrk rks D;k gksrk\ foLrkj

ls mkj fy[kksA6- usg: th us bl ckr dk gydk&lk laosQr fn;k gS fd nqfu;k oSQls 'kq: gqbZ

gksxhA mUgksaus D;k crk;k gS\ ikB osQ vk/kj ij fy[kksA


114/158

114/oLakr

i=k ls vkxs

1- yxHkx gj txg nqfu;k dh 'kq#vkr dks le>krh gqbZdgkfu;k izpfyr gSaArqEgkjs ;gk dkSu lh dgkuh izpfyr gS\

2- rq Egkjh ilanhnk fdrkc dkSu lh gSvkSj D;ksa\

3- elwjh vkSj bykgkckn 'kgj Hkkjr osQ dkSu ls izns'k@izns'kksaesagSa\4- rq e tkurs gks fd nks iRFkjksadks jxM+dj vkfn ekuo us vkx dh [kkst dh

FkhA ml ;qx esaiRFkjksadk vkSj D;k&D;k mi;ksx gksrk Fkk\5- ;fn izfr dk ,d v{kj fdlh isM+ dks ekusa] rks D;k mls i


115/158

lalkj iqLrd gS/115

mudh cukoV esa gj fnu D;k I+kQoZQ vk jgk gS\ kwi vkSj Nko esa mldk D;kjax gksrk gS\ ikh cuus ls ysdj lw[kus rd osQ lI+kQj esamlosQ vkdkj] jax]ukfM+;ksa vkfn esa D;k cnyko vk;k\ rkfydk cukdj mlesa ;g cnyko ntZdjksA

2- ikl osQ 'kgj esadksbZlaxzgky; gks rks ogk tkdj iqjkuh phksans[kksA viuhd{kk esaml ij ppkZdjksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- ^bl chp og nfj;k esayq


116/158

116/oLakr

(x) Nqf^;ksa esa ge lc-------------nqxkZiq j tk,xs-------------tkyakjA(?k) lCkh dVok dj j[kuk-------------?kj vkrs gh eS a [kkuk cuk ywA() -------------eq>s irk gksrk fd 'kehe cqjk eku tk,xk-------------eS a ;g

ckr u dgrkA

(p) ekyrh us rqEgkjh f'kdk;r ugha

-------------

rkjhI+kQ gh dh FkhA(N) bl o"kZI+kQly vPNh ughagqbZ gS-------------vukt egxk gSA

(t) foey teZu lh[k jgk gS-------------IkzsaQpAcfYd @ blfy, @ ijarq @ fd @ ;fn @ rks @ ufd @ ;k @ rkfd

lquuk vkSj ns[kuk

1- ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dh JO; ka[kyk ^firk osQ i=k iq=kh osQ uke*A2- ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dk JO; dk;Ze ^iRFkj vkSj ikuh dh dgkuh*A

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

vdlj & izk;%nkeu & igkM+ ds uhps dh kehu[kr & i=k] fp _hvkckn & clk gq vk

x


117/158

eSa lcls NksVh gksmQ/117

13- eSa lcls NksVh gksmQ

eS a lcls NksVh gksmQ]

rsjh xks nh es a lksmQ] rsjk vapy idM+&idM+dj fiQ: lnk ek! rsjs lkFk] dHkh u NksM+ w rsjk gkFk! cM+k cukdj igys gedks rw ihNs Nyrh gS ekr! gkFk idM+ fiQj lnk gekjs lkFk ughafiQjrh fnu&jkr!vius dj ls f[kyk] /qyk eq[k]/wy iksaN] lfTtr dj xkr]Fkek f[kykSus] ugha lqukrh

gesa lq[kn ifj;ksa dh ckr!,s lh cM+h u gks mQ eSa rsjk Lusg u [kks mQ eSa]rsjs vapy dh Nk;k esafNih jgw fuLi` g] fuHkZ;]dgw fn[kk ns panzksn;!

lqfe=kkuanu iar


118/158

118/oLakr

iz'u&vH;kl

dfork ls

1- dfork esa lcls NksVs gksus dh dYiuk D;ksadh xbZgS\

2- dfork esa^,slh cM+h u gksmQ eSa* D;ksa dgk x;k gS\3- dfork esafdlosQ vkpy dh Nk;k esa fNis jgus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS vkSj D;ksa\4- vk'k; Li"V djks

gkFk idM+ fiQj lnk gekjslkFk ugha fiQjrh fnu&jkr!

dfork ls vkxs

1- dfork ls irk djosQ fy[kks fd ekcPpksaosQ fy, D;k&D;k dke djrh gS\

rqe Lo;a lkspdj ;g Hkh fy[kks fd cPpksadks ekosQ fy, D;k&D;k djukpkfg,\

2- cPpksa oQks izk;% lHkh {ks=kksaesa cM+k gksus osQ fy, dgk tkrk gSA bl dforkesa ckfydk lcls NksVh cuh jguk D;ksapkgrh gS\

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- bl dfork osQ var esadfo ekls panzksn; fn[kk nsus dh ckr D;ksa dj jgkgS\ vuqeku yxkvks vkSj vius f'k{kd dks lqukvksA

2- bl dfork dk s i


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Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- ^idM+&idM+dj* dh rjg uhps fy[ks 'kCnksa dks iwjk djks vkSj muls okD;Hkh cukvks

NksM+ & cuk &

fiQj & f[kyk &iksaN & Fkek &lquk & dg &fn[kk & fNik &

2- bu 'kCnksaosQ leku vFkZokys nks&nks 'kCn fy[kksgkFk &lnk &eq[k &ekrk &Lusg &

3- dfork esa ^fnu&jkr* 'kCn vk;k gSA rqe Hkh ,sls ikp 'kCn lkspdj fy[kksftuesafdlh 'kCn dk foykse 'kCn Hkh 'kkfey gks vkSj muossQ okD; cukvksA

4- ^fuHk Z;* 'kCn es a ^fu* milxZ yxkdj 'kCn cuk;k x;k gSA rqe Hkh ^fu*milxZls ikp 'kCn cukvksA

5- dfork dh fdUgh apkj iafDr;ksa dks x| esafy[kksA

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

vapy & oL=k dk Nksj] lkM+ h] vks


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14- yksdxhr

yksdxhr viuh yksp] rkkxh vkSj yksdfiz;rk esa 'kkL=kh; laxhr ls fHkUu

gSaA yksdxhr lh/s turk osQ laxhr gSaA ?kj] xko vkSj uxj dh turk osQxhr gSa ;sA buosQ fy, lkkuk dh k:jr ugha gksrhA R;ksgkjksa vkSj fo'ks"kvoljksaij ;s xk, tkrs gSaA lnk ls ;s xk, tkrs jgs gSavkSj buosQ jpus okysHkh vf/drj xko osQ yksx gh gSaA fL=k;ksaus Hkh budh jpuk esa fo'ks"k Hkkx

fy;k gSA ;s xhr cktksadh enn osQ fcuk gh ;k lkkkj.k k>]djrky] cklqjh vkfn dh enn ls xk, tkrs gSaA

,d le; Fkk tc 'kkL=kh; laxhr osQ lkeus budks gs; le>k tkrkFkkA vHkh gky rd budh cM+h mis{kk dh tkrh FkhA ij b/j lk/kj.k

turk dh vksj tks yksxksadh ukj fiQjh gSrks lkfgR; vkSj dyk osQ {ks=k esaHkh ifjorZugqvk gS A vusd yksxksa us fofo/ cksfy;ksa osQyksd&lkfgR; vkSj yksdxhrksa osQ laxzg ijdej ck/h gS vkSj bl izdkj osQ vusdlaxzg vc rd izdkf'kr Hkh gks x, gSaA

yksdxhrksaosQ dbZizdkj gSaA budk ,dizdkj rks cM+k gh vkstLoh vkSj ltho gSA

;g bl ns'k osQ vkfnokfl;ksadk laxhr gSAe; izns'k] ndu] NksVk ukxiqj esaxkasM&[kkaM]


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vksjko&eqaMk] Hkhy&laFkky vkfn iSQys gq, gS a] ftuesavkt Hkh thoufu;eksa dh tdM+ esa c/ u ldk vkSj fu}} ygjkrk gSA buosQ xhr vkSjukp vf/drj lkFk&lkFk vkSj cM+s&cM+s nyksaesa xk, vkSj ukps tkrs gSaAchl&chl] rhl&rhl vknfe;ksavkSj vkSjrksaosQ ny ,d lkFk ;k ,d&nwljs

osQ tokc esa xkrs gSa] fn'kk,xwt mBrh gaSAigkfM+;ksaosQ vius&vius xhr gSaA muosQ vius&vius fHkUu :i gksrs

gq, Hkh v'kkL=kh; gksus os Q dkj.k mues a viuh ,d leku Hkw fe gSAx


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budh Hkk"kk osQ laca/ esa dgk tk pqdk gS fd ;s lHkh yksdxhr xkoksavkSj bykdksadh cksfy;ksaesaxk, tkrs gSaA blh dkj.k ;s cM+s vkkndj vkSjvkuannk;d gksrs gSaA jkx rks bu xhrksaosQ vkd"kZd gksrs gh gSa] budh le>h

tk ldus okyh Hkk"kk Hkh budh liQyrk dk dkj.k gSA

Hkkstiqjh esa djhcrhl&pkyhl cjlksals^fcnsfl;k* dk izpkj

gqvk gSA xkus okyksaosQvusd lewg bUgsa xkrs

gq, ns gkr esafiQjrsgSaA mkj osQ fkyksaesa

fo'ks"kdj fcgkj esafcns fl;k ls c


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,d nwljs izdkj osQ cM+s yksdfiz; xkus vkYgk osQ gSaA vf/drj ;scqansy[kaMh esaxk, tkrs gSaA vkjaHk rks bldk pansy jktkvksa osQ jktdfotxfud ls ekuk tkrk gS ftlus vkYgk&ny dh ohjrk dk viusegkdkO; esac[kku fd;k] ij fu'p; gh mlosQ Nan dks ysdj tucksyh

esamlosQ fo"k; dks nwljs nsgkrh dfo;ksaus Hkh le; ij vius xhrksaesamrkjk vkSj ;s xhr gekjs xkoksaesavkt Hkh cgqr izse ls xk, tkrs gSaA bUgsaxkus okys xko&xko


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,d fo'ks"k ckr ;g gS fd ukfj;ksaosQ xkus lk/kj.kr% vosQys ughaxk,tkrs] ny ck/dj xk, tkrs gSaA vusd oaQB ,d lkFk iwQVrs gSa ;|fivfkdrj muesa esy ugha gksrk] fiQj Hkh R;ksgkjksa vkSj 'kqHk voljksa ij os

cgqr gh Hkys yxrs gSaA xkoksavkSj uxjksaesaxkf;dk,Hkh gksrh gSatks fookg]tUe vkfn osQ voljksaij xkus osQ fy, cqyk yh tkrh gSaA lHkh rqvksaesafL=k;kmYyflr gksdj ny ck/dj xkrh gSaA ij gksyh] cjlkr dh dtjhvkfn rks mudh viuh phk gS] tks lqurs gh curh gSA iwjc dh cksfy;ksaesavf/drj eSfFky&dksfdy fo|kifr osQ xhr xk, tkrs gSaA ij lkjs ns'k osQ

d'ehj ls dU;k oqQekjh&osQjy rd vkSj dkfB;kokM+&xqtjkr&jktLFkku lsmM+hlk&vka/z rdvius&vius fo|kifr gSaA


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fL=k;k


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vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

1- D;k yksdxhr vkSj uR; flI+kZQ xkoksa;k OkQchyksa esagh ik, tkrs gSa\ 'kgjksaosQdkSu ls yksdxhr gks ldrs gSa\ bl ij fopkj dj fy[kksA

2- ^thou tgk bByk&bByk dj ygjkrk gS] ogk Hkyk vkuan osQ Lkzksrksadh deh

gks ldrh gS\mkethouosQgh ogkosQ vuar la[;d xkus izrhd gSaA*D;k rqe bl ckr ls lger gks\ ^fcnsfl;k* uked yksdxhr ls dksbZoSQlsvkuan izkIr dj ldrk gS vkSj os dkSu yksx gks ldrs gSatks bls xkrs&lqurs

gSa\ blosQ ckjs esatkudkjh izkIr dj vius f'k{kd dks lqukvksA

oqQN djus dks

1- rq e vius bykosQ osQ oqQN yksdxhr bdk djksA xk, tkus okys ekSdks a osQvuqlkj mudk oxhZdj.k djksA

2- tSls&tSls 'kgj iSQy jgs gSavkSj xko floqQM+ jgs gSa] yksdxhrksaij mudk D;kvlj iM+ jgk gS\ vius vklikl osQ yksxks a ls ckrphr djosQ vkSj viusvuqHkoksaosQ vkkkj ij ,d vuqPNsn fy[kksA

Hkkjr osQ ekufp=k esa

Hkkjr osQ uD'ks esa ikB esapfpZr jkT;ksaosQ yksdxhr vkSj uR; fn[kkvksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr

1- ^yksd* 'kCn esaoqQN tksM+dj ftrus 'kCn rqEgsalw>sa] mudh lwph cukvksA bu'kCnksa dks ;ku ls ns[kks vkSj le>ks fd muesa vFkZ dh nf"V ls D;k lekurkgSA bu 'kCnksals okD; Hkh cukvksA tSlsyksddykA


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2- ^ckjgeklk* xhr esalky osQ ckjg eghuks a dk o.kZu gksrk gSA uhps fofHkUuvadksa ls tqM+s oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaA bUgsa i


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gs; & ghu] rq PNvkstLoh & vkst Hkjk] iz Hkkodkjh

fljtrh & cukrh] ltu djrhvkkndj & g"kZdj

f=ke & cukoVh vcw> & tks le>us ;ksX; u gks] fDy"Vc[kku & o.kZ u] cM+kbZ] xq.k&dFkumYyflr & [kq 'kmke & ca ku jfgr] cgqr ;knk


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15- ukSdj

vkJe esa xka/h dbZ ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&pkdjdjrs gSaA ftl kekus esa os cSfjLVjh ls gkkjksa #i;s dekrs Fks] ml le;Hkh os izfrfnu lqcg vius gkFk ls pDdh ij vkVk ihlk djrs FksA pDdh

pykus esadLrwjck vkSj muosQ yM+osQ Hkh gkFk cVkrs Fks A bl izdkj ?kj esajksVh cukus osQ fy, eghu ;k eksVk vkVk os [kqn ihl ysrs FksA lkcjerhvkJe esa Hkh xka/h us filkbZdk dke tkjh j[kkA og pDdh dks Bhd

djus esadHkh&dHkh ?kaVksa esgur djrs FksA ,d ckj ,d dk;ZdrkZ us dgkfd vkJe esavkVk de iM+ x;k gSA vkVk filokus esa gkFk cVkus osQ fy,


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xka/h iQkSju mBdj [kM+s gks x,A xsgw ihlus ls igys mls chudj lkI+kQdjus ij og kksj nsrs FksA dkSihukkjh bl egku O;fDr dks vukt chursns[kdj muls feyus okys yksx gSjr esaiM+ tkrs FksA ckgjh yksxksaosQ lkeus'kkjhfjd esgur dk dke djrs xka/h dks 'keZughayxrh FkhA ,d ckj

muosQ ikl dkWyst osQ dksbZNk=k feyus vk,A mudks vaxzskh Hkk"kk osQvius Kku dk cM+k xoZ FkkA xka/h ls ckrphr osQ var esa os cksys] ^ckiw]

;fn eSa vkidh dksbZ lsok dj lowQrks i;k eq>s vo'; crk,A** mUgasvk'kk Fkh fd ckiw mUgsa oqQN fy[kus&i


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ukSdj/131

gSafd rqEgkjk gkkek dekksj gS A xka/h vkJeokfl;ksa dks vdlj Lo;aghHkkstu ijkslrs FksA bl dkj.k os cspkjs csLokn mcyh gqbZ phkksaosQ fo#

oqQN dg Hkh ugha ikrs FksA nf{k.k vizQhdk dh ,d tsy esa os lSdM+ksaoSQfn;ksa dks fnu esanks ckj Hkkstu ijkslus dk dk;Z dj Hkh pqosQ FksA

vkJe dk ,d fu;e ;g Fkk fd lc yksx vius cjru [kqn lkI+kQdjsaA jlksbZosQ cjru ckjh&ckjh ls oqQN yksx ny ck/ dj /ksrs FksA ,dfnu xka/h us cM+s&cM+s irhyksa dks [kqn lkI+kQ djus dk dke vius ijfy;kA bu irhyksadh isanh esa[kwc dkfy[k yxh FkhA jk[k Hkjs gkFkksa ls og,d irhys dks [kwc kksj&kksj ls jxM+us esa yxs gq, Fks fd rHkh dLrwjckogkvk xbA mUgksaus irhys dks idM+ fy;k vkSj cksyha] ^;g dke vkidkugha gSA bls djus dks vkSj cgqr ls yksx gSaA** xka/h dks yxk fd mudhckr eku ysus esagh cqfekuh gS vkSj os pqipki dLrwjck dks mu cjruksadh lI+kQkbZlkSai dj pys vk,A cjru ,dne pedrs u gksa] rc rd xkakhdks larks"k ughagksrk FkkA ,d ckj tsy esamudks tks ennxkj fn;k x;k FkkmlosQ dke ls vlarq"V gksdj mUgksaus crk;k Fkk fd os [kqn oSQls yksgs osQcjruksa dks Hkh ekt dj pknh&lk pedk ldrs FksA

tc vkJe dk fuekZ.k gks jgk Fkk ml le; ogk vkus okys oqQNesgekuksadks racqvksaesalksuk iM+rk FkkA ,d uokxr dks irk ugha Fkk fdviuk fcLrj dgkj[kuk pkfg,] blfy, mlus fcLrj dks yisVdj j[k

fn;k vkSj ;g irk yxkus x;k fd mls dgk j[kuk gSA ykSVrs le; mlusns[kk fd xka/h [kqn mldk fcLrj OkaQ/s ij mBk, j[kus pys tk jgs gSaA


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vkJe osQ fy, ckgj cus oqQ, ls ikuh [khapus dk dke Hkh os jkskdjrs FksA ,d fnu xka/h oqQN vLoLFk Fks vkSj pDdh ij vkVk ihlus osQdke esa fgLlk cVk pqosQ FksA muosQ ,d lkFkh us mUgsa FkdkoV ls cpkusosQ fy, vU; vkJeokfl;ksa dh lgk;rk ls lHkh cM+s&NksVs cjruksa esa

ikuh Hkj MkykA xka/h dks ;g ckrilan ughavkbZ] eu esa oqQN Bsl HkhyxhA mUgksaus cPpksadk ugkus dk ,dVc mBk fy;k vkSj oqQ, ls mlesaikuh Hkjdj Vc dks flj ij mBkdjvkJe esa ys vk,A cspkjs dk;ZdrkZ

dks cgqr iNrkok gqvkA'kjhj ls tc rd fcyoqQy ykpkjh

u gks rc rd xka/h dks ;g ckrfcyoqQy ilan ughaFkh fd egkRek;k cw


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ykn dj ,d&,d fnu esaiPphl&iPphl ehy rd


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nf{k.k vizQhdk esajgus okys Hkkjrh;ksaosQ tkus&ekus usrk osQ :i esaxka/h Hkkjrh; izokfl;ksa dh ekxksa dks fczfV'k ljdkj osQ lkeus j[kus osQfy, ,d ckj yanu x,A ogkmUgsaHkkjrh; Nk=kksaus ,d 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstesa fueaf=kr fd;kA Nk=kksaus bl volj osQ fy, Lo;a gh 'kkdkgkjh Hkkstu

rS;kj djus dk fu'p; fd;k FkkA rhljs igj nks cts ,d nqcyk&irykvkSj Njgjk vkneh vkdj muesa'kkfey gks x;k vkSj r'rfj;k/ksus] lCkh

lkI+kQ djus vkSj vU; NqV&iqV dke djus esa mudh enn djus yxkA cknesaNk=kksadk usrk ogkvk;k rks D;k ns[krk gS fd og nqcyk&iryk vknehvkSj dksbZ ugha] ml 'kke dks Hkkst esa fueaf=kr muosQ lEekfur vfrfFk

xka/h FksAxka/h nwljksa ls dke ysus esa

cgq r l[r Fks] ys fdu viusfy, nwljksals dke djkuk mUgas ukilan FkkA ,d ckj ,djktuhfrd lEesyu ls xka/h tcvius Msjs ij ykSVs rks jkr gks

xbZ FkhA lksus ls igys os viusdejs dk iQ'kZcqgkj jgs FksA mlle; jkr osQ nl cts FksA ,d

dk;ZdrkZus nkSM+dj xka/h osQgkFk ls cqgkjh ys yhA


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tc xka/h xkoksa dk nkSjk dj jgs gksrs] ml le; jkr dks ;fn fy[krsle; ykyVsu dk rsy [kRe gks tkrk rks os panzek dh jks'kuh esa gh i=kiwjk dj ysuk ;knk ilan djrs Fks ] ysfdu lksrs gq, vius fdlh FkosQ gq,lkFkh dks ughatxkrs FksA ukSvk[kkyh in&;k=kk osQ le; xka/h us vius

f'kfoj esaosQoy nks vknfe;ksadks gh jgus dh vuqefr nhA bu nksuksadks;g ughaekywe Fkk fd [kk[kjk oSQls cuk;k tkrk gSA bl ij xka/h Lo;ajlksbZesatk cSBs vkSj fuiq.k jlksb, dh rjg mUgksaus [kk[kjk cukus dh fof/crkbZA ml le; xka/h dh voLFkk vBgkj o"kZ dh FkhA

xka/h dks cPpksa ls cgqr izse FkkA vius cPpksaosQ tUe osQ nks ekg cknmUgksaus dHkh fdlh nkbZdks cPps dh ns[kHkky osQ fy, ughaj[kkA os ekursFks fd cPps osQ fodkl osQ fy, ek&cki dk I;kj vkSj mudh ns[kHkkyvfuok;Z gSAos ek dh rjg cPpksadh ns[kHkky dj ldrs Fks] f[kyk&fiyk vkSj

cgyk ldrs FksA ,d ckj nf{k.k vizQhdk esa tsy ls NwVus osQ ckn ?kjykSVus ij mUgksaus ns[kk fd muosQ fe=k dh iRuh Jherh iksyd cgqr ghnqcyh vkSj dekksj gks xbZgSaA mudk cPpk mudk nw/ ihuk NksM+rk ughaFkk vkSj og mldk nw/ NqM+kus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhA cPpk mUgsapSu

ughaysus nsrk Fkk vkSj jks &jksdj mUgsatxk, j[krk FkkA xka/h ftl fnu ykSVs]mlh jkr ls mUgksaus cPps dh ns[kHkky dk dke vius gkFkksaesa ys fy;kA

lkjs fnu cM+h esgur djus ] lHkkvksaesaHkk"k.k nsus osQ ckn] pkj ehy iSnypydj xka/h dHkh&dHkh jkr dks ,d cts ?kj igqprs Fks] vkSj cPps dks


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Jherh iksyd osQ fcLrj ij lsmBkdj vius fcLrj ij fyVkysrs FksA og pkjikbZosQ ikl ,dcjru es a ikuh Hkjdj j[k ysrs

rkfd ;fn cPps dks I;kl yxsrks mls fiyk nsa] ysfdu bldhk:jr gh ughaiM+rh FkhA cPpkdHkh ughajksrk vkSj mudh pkjikbZij jkr esa vkjke ls lksrk jgrkFkkA ,d i[kokM+s roQ ekls vyx

lqykus osQ ckn] cPps us ek dknw/ NksM+ fn;kA

xka/h vius ls cM+ksadk cM+kvknj djrs FksA nf{k.k vizQhdk

esa xks[kys] xka/h osQ lkFk Bgjs gq, FksA ml le; xka/h us muosQ nqi^s ijbL=kh dhA og mudk fcLrj Bhd djrs Fks] mudks Hkkstu ijkslrs Fks vkSjmuosQ iSj nckus dks Hkh rS;kj jgrs FksA xks[kys cgqr euk djrs Fks ysfduxka/h ugha ekurs FksA egkRek dgykus ls cgqr igys ,d ckj nf{k.kvizQhdk ls Hkkjr vkus ij xka/h dkaxzsl osQ vf/os'ku esax,A ogk mUgksaus

xans ik[kkus lkI+kQ fd, vkSj ckn esa mUgksaus ,d cM+s dkaxszlh usrk ls iwNk]^^eSavkidh D;k lsok dj ldrk gw\** usrk us dgk ^^esjs ikl cgqr ls


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i=k bd_s gks x, gSaftudk tokc nsuk gSA esjs ikl dksbZdkjoqQu ughagSftls ;g dke nwA D;k rqe ;g dke djus dks rS;kj gks\** xkakh us dgk]^^k:j] eSa,slk dksbZ Hkh dke djus dks rS;kj gw tks esjh lkeF;Z ls ckgj

u gksA** ;g dke mUgksaus FkksM+s gh le; esalekIr dj Mkyk vkSj blosQ

ckn mUgksaus mu usrk dh dehk osQ cVu vkfn yxkus vkSj mudh vU;lsok dk dke [kq'kh ls fd;kA

tc dHkh vkJe esafdlh lgk;d dks j[kus dh vko';drk gksrhFkh] rc xka/h fdlh gfjtu dks j[kus dk vkxzg djrs FksA mudk dgukFkk] ^ukSdjksadks gesaosruHkksxh eknwj ugha] vius HkkbZosQ leku ekuuk

pkfg,A blesa oqQN dfBukbZgks ldrh gS] oqQN pksfj;k gks ldrh gSa] fiQjHkh gekjh dksf'k'k loZFkk fu"iQy ughatk,xhA**mUgsa;g ekywe gh u Fkk fd fdlh dks ukSdj dh Hkkfr oSQls j[ksaA ,d

ckj Hkkjr dh tsy esa] muosQ dbZlkFkh oSQfn;ksa dks mudh lsok&Vgy dkdke lkSaik x;kA ,d vkneh muosQ iQy kksrk ;k dkVrk] nwljk cdfj;ksadks nqgrk] rhljk muosQ futh ukSdj dh rjg dke djrk vkSj pkSFkk muosQik[kkus dh lI+kQkbZdjrk FkkA ,d czk.k oSQnh muosQ cjru kksrk Fkk vkSjnks xksjs ;wjksfi;u izfrfnu mudh pkjikbZckgj fudkyrs FksA

xka/h us ns[kk fd baXySaM esaps ?kjkuksaesa ?kjsyw ukSdjksa dks ifjokj dkvkneh ekuk tkrk FkkA ,d ckj ,d vaxszk osQ ?kj ls fonk ysrs le; mUgsa

;g ns[kdj [kq'kh gqbZfd ?kjsyw ukSdjksa dk muls ifjp; ukSdjksa dh rjgugha cfYd ifjokj osQ lnL; osQ leku djk;k x;kA


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,d ckj ,d Hkkjrh; lTtu osQ ;gkdkI+kQh fnuksa rd Bgjus osQ cknxka/h tc pyus yxs rc ml ?kj osQ ukSdjksals mUgksaus fonk yh vkSj dgk]^^eSadHkh fdlh dks viuk ukSdj ughale>rk] mls HkkbZ;k cgu gh ekuk

gS vkSj vki yksxksa dks Hkh eSaviuk HkkbZle>rk gwA vkius esjh tks lsok

dh mldk izfrnku nsus dh lkeF;Z eq>esaugha gS] ysfdu bZ'oj vkidksbldk iwjk iQy nsaxsA**

vuq ca|ksik;k;

iz'u&vH;kl

fucak ls1- vkJe esa dkWyst osQ Nk=kksa ls xkakh th us dkSu&lk dke djok;k vkSj D;ksa\2- ^vkJe esa xkakh th dbZ,sls dke Hkh djrs Fks] ftUgsa vkerkSj ij ukSdj&

pkdj djrs gSa*A ikB ls rhu vyx&vyx izlax vius 'kCnksaesafy[kks tksbl ckr dk izek.k gksaA

3- ya nu esaHkkst ij cqyk, tkus ij xkakh th us D;k fd;k\4- xkakh th us Jherh iksyd osQ cPps dk nwk oSQls NqM+ok;k\5 - vkJe esa dke djus ;k djokus dk dkSu&lk rjhdk xkakh th viukrs Fks\

bls ikB i


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ukSdj/139

dke eSa ek firk HkkbZ cgu pkpk nknh vU;

1-?kj dk lkeku ykuk

2- ?kj dh lI+kQkbZ djuk

3- fcLrj j[kuk

4- [kkuk cukuk

5- diM+s kksuk

vc ;g ns[kks fd dkSu lcls ;knk dke djrk gS vkSj dkSu lcls deAdkeksadk cjkcj cVokjk gks losQ] blosQ fy, rqe D;k dj ldrs gks\ lkspdj f'k{kd dks crkvksA

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk1- xka kh th vius lkfFk;ksadh k:jr osQ eqrkfcd gj dke dj nsrs Fks] ysfdu

mudk [+kqn dk dke dksbZ vkSj djs] ;s mUgsailan ughaFkkA D;ksa\ lkspks vkSjvius f'k{kd dks lqukvksA

2- ^ukSdjksa dks gesaosruHkksxh eknwj ugha] vius HkkbZosQ leku ekuuk pkfg,AblesaoqQN dfBukbZ gks ldrh gS ] fIkQj Hkh gekjh dksf'k'k loZFkk fu"iQy ughatk,xhA* xkakh th dh bl ckr dks vius fe=kksadks le>kvksA

3- xka kh th dh dgh&fy[kh ckrsayxHkx lkS ls vf/d fdrkcksaesantZgSaA ?kjosQ dke] chekjksa dh lsok] esgekuksals ckrphr vkfn


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140/oLakr

4- ikB es a crk;k x;k gS fd xkakh th vkSj muosQ lkFkh vkJe es a jgrs FksAvkJe fdls dgrs gSa\ LowQy osQ Nk=kkokl ls xkakh th dk vkJe fdl rjgvyx Fkk\ irk djks vkSj vius f'k{kd dks lqukvksA

5- ,sls dkeksa dh lwph cukvks ftls rqe gj jksk [kqn dj ldrs gks ij ugha

djrs\ lkeus mudk uke fy[kks tks ;g dke rqEgkjs fy, djrs gSaAHkk"kk dh ckr

1-(d) ^filkbZ* laKk gS] tks ^ihl* f;k osQ var esa^bZ* izR;; tksM+us ls cuhgSA fdlh 'kCn osQ var esaoqQN tksM+k tk,] rks mls izR;; dgrs gSaA uhps,slh oqQN vkSj laKk,fy[kh gSaA crkvks fd ;s fdu f;kvksals cuh gSacqvkbZ --------------------------- dVkbZ ---------------------------

flapkbZ --------------------------- jksikbZ ---------------------------

drkbZ --------------------------- jaxkbZ ---------------------------

2-([k) gj dke&kaks vkSj gj {ks=k dh viuh vyx Hkk"kk vkSj 'kCn&HkaMkj gksrkgSA ij fy[ks 'kCnksadk lacak nks vyx&vyx dkeksals gSA igpkuks fdos {ks=k dkSu&ls gSaA

2- gekjs vklikl ,sls dbZ ?kjsywdke gSa] ftUgsavc de egRo fn;k tkrk gSAdiM+s flyuk buesals ,d gSA uhps bl dke ls tqM+s oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaAvklikl osQ cM+ksals ;k nkhZ ls iwNks vkSj izR;sd 'kCn dks ,d&nks okD;ksa

esa le>kvksA bl lwph esa vkSj 'kCn Hkh tksM+ks

rqjikbZ dPph flykbZ

cf[k;k pksj flykbZ


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ukSdj/141

3- uhps fy[ks x, 'kCn ikB ls fy, x, gaSA bUgsa ikB esa[kkst dj crkvks fd;s L=khfyax gSa ;k iqfYayx

dkfy[k HkjkbZ pDdh jks'kuh tsy lsok irhyk

ikB osQ okD;ksa dh lgk;rk ls ;g Hkh crkvks fd rqeus ;g oSQls tkuk\ blsvius f'k{kd dks lqukvksA

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

cSfjLVjh & odkyr I+kQkSju & rqjar dkSihukkjh & kksrh iguus os Q ,d fo'ks"k


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142/oLakr

Njgjk & pqLr] iq QrhZykl[r & dBksj] izpaM] nq"djcqgkjh & cq gkjus okyh phk] >kMwf'kfoj & vLFkk;h foJke LFky

[kk[kjk & ,d xq tjkrh O;atupSu & vkjke i[kokM+k & ia nzg fnu dk le;] eghus dk vk/k HkkxdkjoqQu & dkfjank] dke djus okykfu"iQy & ftldk dksbZiQy u gksAizfrnku & fdlh yh gqbZ oLrq osQ cnys nwljh oLrqnsukA


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er ckVks balku dks

ij u I;kj gks rks tx lwuktyrk jsfxLrku gSAA

vHkh I;kj dk ty nsuk gSgj I;klh p^ku dksA/jrh ckVh lkxj ckVk

er ckVks balku dksAA

lkFk mBsalc rks igjk gkslwjt dk gj }kj ijAgj mnkl vkxu dk gd gksf[kyrh gqbZcgkj ijAA

jkSan u ik,xk fiQj dksbZekSle dh eqldku dksA/jrh ckVh lkxj ckVk

er ckVks balku dksAA

fou; egktu

eafnj&efLtn&fxjtk?kj usckV fy;k Hkxoku dksA

/jrh ckVh lkxj ckVker ckVks balku dksAA

vHkh jkg rks 'kq: gqbZgSeafky cSBh nwj gSAmft;kyk egyksaes a canhgj nhid etcwj gSAA

feyk u lwjt dk lanslkgj ?kkVh&eSnku dksA

/jrh ckVh lkxj ckVker ckVks balku dks AA

vc Hkh gjh Hkjh /jrh gSij uhy forku gSA


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ou osQ ekxZ esas/143

16- ou osQ ekxZ esa

loS;k

iq j rs a fudlh j?kqchj&c/w] /fj /hj n, ex esa Mx }SA >ydha Hkfj Hkky duh ty dh] iq V lwf[k x, e/qjk/j oSAAfiQfj cw>fr gSa] pyuks vc osQfrd] iuZ oqQVh dfjgkS fdr S\Afr; dh yf[k vkrqjrk fi; dh] vf[k;k vfr pk# pyha ty PoSAA


145/158

144/oLakr

^^ty dks x, yD[ku gSayfjdk] ifj[kkS] fi;! Nkg ?kjhd S Bk


146/158


iz'u&vH;kl

dfork ls

1- izFke loS;k esa dfo us jke&lhrk osQ fdl izlax dk o.kZu fd;k gS\

2- ou osQ ekxZ esa lhrk dks gksus okyh dfBukb;ksaosQ ckjs es a fy[kksA3- lhrk dh vkrqjrk ns[kdj jke dh D;k izfrf;k gksrh gS\4- jke cSBdj nsj rd dkVs D;ks a fudkyrs jgs\5- loS;k osQ vk/kj ij crkvks fd nks dne pyus osQ ckn lhrk dk ,slk gky

D;ks a gqvk\6- ^kfj khj n,* dk vk'k; D;k gS\

vuqeku vkSj dYiuk

viuh dYiuk ls ou osQ ekxZ dk o.kZu djksA

Hkk"kk dh ckr

yf[k & ns [kdj kfj & j[kdj iksafN & iksaNdj tkfu & tkudj ij fy[ks 'kCnksavkSj muosQ vFkZdks ;ku ls ns[kksA fganh esaftl ms'; dsfy, ge f;k esa^dj* tksM+rs gSa] mlh osQ fy, vokh esaf;k esaf (b) dkstksM+k tkrk gS] tSls vo/h esacSB $ f cSfB vkSj fganh esacSB $ dj cSBdjArqEgkjh Hkk"kk ;k cksyh esaD;k gksrk gS\ viuh Hkk"kk osQ ,sls Ng 'kCn fy[kksAmUgsa;ku ls ns[kks vkSj d{kk esacrkvksA


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146/oLakr

;ku nsus ;ksX; 'kCn

iqj & uxj] fdyk fudlh & fudyh c/w & cgw

/fj & /kj.k djOksQ /hj & /S;Z ] /hjt

n, & j[kuk] /juk ex & jkLrk Mx & dne }S & nks>ydha & fn[kkbZ nhHkky & yykV

duh & cwnsa iqV & gksaBcw>fr & iw Nrh gSosQfrd & fdruk iuZoqQVh & ikksa dh cuh Nktu okyh OkqQfV;kfdr & dgk fr; & iRuh vkrqjrk & O;kdqyrk

pkjQ & lqanj

yfjdk & yM+dk


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ifj[kkS & izrh{kk djuk Nkg & Nk o] Nk;kBk


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148/oLakr

17- isijes'kh

dkxk ls rjg&rjg dh vkfr;k] f[kykSus] ltkoV osQ fy, >kyj]

>afM;kvkfn rks rqeus [kwc cukbZ gksaxh] ij dHkh ewfrZcukbZ gS dkxk ls\gk HkbZ] dkxk ls Hkh ewfrZ cukbZtk ldrh gSA bl dyk dks vaxzskh esaisijes'kh dgk tkrk gSA

dkxk ls ewfrZ cukus dh pkj fof/;k gSaA bu fof/;ksaosQ ckjs esa oqQNewy ckrsa;gk ns jgs gSaAdkxk dks fHkxksdj

lcls igys ;g r; djks fd rqe D;k cukuk pkgrs gks D;ksafd tks Hkhcukuk pkgksxs mlosQ lkps dh k:jr iM+sxhA

iqjkus v[kckj ;k jh dkih&fdrkcksa dks VqdM+s&VqdM+s djosQ i

ncert book hindi- vasant - class vi

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