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NC2I is one of SNETP’s strategic technological pillars, mandated to coordinate the

demonstration of high temperature nuclear cogeneration.

www.snetp.eu

NC2I progress report

Grzegorz Wrochna

g.wrochna@ncbj.gov.pl

National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Poland

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SNETP General Assembly

21st February 2018

• Nuclear cogeneration worldwide:

• OECD NEA, IAEA, China, Canada, US, UK, …

• GEMINI+: H2020 winner

• Deployment plans in Poland

• HTR 2018 conference

•

•

•

•

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Nuclear Innovations 2050

Road-map „Nuclear Innovations 2050”2030

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Nuclear Innovations 2050

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HTGR @ IAEA

• IAEA Technical Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors

• IAEA General Conference – Vienna 18-22.09.2017

Side event on HTGR:

• Opening – M.Chudakov, IAEA

• Intro to nuclear cogeneration – S.Monti, IAEA

• IAEA for HTGR & process heat – F.Reitsma, IAEA

• HTGR in China (HTR-PM) – Yulong Wu

• A-HTR project in South Africa – D.Nicholls

• HTGR in Poland – J.Sobolewski

• International efforts (NC2I, Gemini, NI2050) – G.Wrochna

• HTGR in Japan (HTTR+processing) – Xing L.Yan

• HTGR in US – D.Hoffman

• “Industrial Applications of Nuclear Energy”IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NP-T-4.3, 2017.4

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HTGR worldwide• China – HTR-PM (2x250 MWth → 200 MWe)

to be commissioned in 2018

• Japan – HTTR (30 MWth) awaiting permission to restart and test coupling to H production

• US - American Prime Nuclear Companies to replace NGNP Industrial Alliance:

• Aecom, Areva US, Atkins, Excel Services, SGL Carbon, Southern Company, Technology Insights, US Nuclear, …

• Canada – considering 10-15 MWth for mines • first designs submitted to the regulator

• South Africa – restarting fuel production?

• UK – SMR competition – new call just finished• Techno-Economy Assesment published 12.20175

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NC2I is one of SNETP’s strategic technological pillars, mandated to coordinate the

demonstration of high temperature nuclear cogeneration.

www.snetp.eu

EURATOM H2020

Gemini+: deployment preparation

European NC2I + US NGNP IA + Korea + Japan score: 14.5/15, ~4 mln €, started 1st September

WP1 Safety Approach and Licensing Framework

WP2 Configuration for an industrial high temperature nuclear cogeneration system

WP3 Innovation and long-term perspective

WP4 Demonstration in Europe (focus on Poland)

WP5 Dissemination & Stakeholder Engagement

WP6 Monitoring, Reporting & Management*

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No Organisation Type of organisation Country

1 NCBJ Research organisation PL

2 AFW Commercial in Confidence UK

3 AREVA-G Industry DE

4 AREVA Inc Industry US

5 BrivaTech SME DE

6 CVRez Research organisation CZ

7 Empresarios Agrupados Private Company ES

8 Energoprojekt-Warszawa SME PL

9 FORTUM Energy Utility FI

10 IRSN Research organisation FR

11 JAEA Research Orgaisation JP

12 JRC Research organisation NL

13 LEI Research organisation LT

14 LGI SME FR

15 NGNP Alliance Industry US

16 NRG Research organisation NL

17 PROCHEM Private Company PL

18 Siempelkamp SME DE

19 TUD University DE

20 TÛV-R Private Company DE

21 UJV Private company CZ

22 USNC-EU SME FR

23 KAERI Research organisation KR

24 TAURON Private company PL

25 NAMRC/USFD University UK

26 NUCLIC SME NL

27 Baaten Energy Consulting SME NL

Ge

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sort

ium

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Government on 14 February 2017 published„Responsible Development Strategy”.- the governmental plan for Polish economy grow

List of energy actions contains:”Preparation of HTR deploymentfor industrial heat productionin cogeneration, using industrial& scientific potential of Poland.Support for Polish R&D on materials for gen.IV reactors.”

HTGR deployment in Poland

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HTGR deployment in PolandMinister of Energy appointed„Committee for deployment of high temperature reactors”.Chairman: G.Wrochna

Terms of reference:• Analysis of Polish economy

needs & export potential

• Inventory of relevant design & manufacturing capabilities of Polish science & industry

• Cost estimate, business model, funding possibilities

• Analysis of legal framework

• Establishing international cooperation

Members from:

• Nuclear R&D: National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)

• Engineering: Energoprojekt, Prochem

• End-users: Azoty, Orlen, Enea, Tauron, KGHM

Associates: PAA (regulator), NCBR (R&D funding agency), PKO BP (bank)

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15 January 2018

Polish Ministry of Energy

published the report

of HTR Committee

Full report in Polish

and Executive Summary

in English:

http://www.me.gov.pl/node/28011

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~10 MWth experimental HTGR at NCBJ

• Experiments and measurements supporting licensing of HTGR >100 MWth

• Validation of computational & simulation codes

• Tests of materials and components

• Gaining experience by NCBJ, PAA (regulator)

• Preparing and testing supply chain

• Training young generation

• Possibly funded from EU structural funds

• U-Battery is one of possible candidates11

European High TemperatureExperimental Reactor (EHTER)

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Feedback from industry

• Several sites use ~500°C steam networks

• Need to exchange old boilers with HTGR

• Electric island already there

• HTGR parameters matching standard boilers:

540°C, 13.4 MPa, 165 MWth, 230 t/h

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• The cost of design and general license: ~ 500 million PLN

• It virtually does not depend on the reactor power

• The construction cost was calculated by scaling the costsof larger models down to 165 MWth:

• Reducing the power may enable breaking technological barriers and result in lower cost,

• e.g. a tank made entirely in a steel mill by rolling

• A middle option, close to PLN 2000 million, was adopted for economic analyzes

• The dispersion of PLN 600 million is a measure of the uncertainty of estimation

• The construction cost includes 10% of the design cost13

Cost estimate

Oryginal power [MWth] 600 2×250 350 165

Type prismatic block pebbled

Cost 165 MWth [M PLN] 2566 1995 1519 1358

1$ ≈ 3.5 PLN

1€ ≈ 4.2 PLN

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Coal & gas boilers compared to HTGR 165 MWth, 230 t/h of steam 540°C, 13.8 MPa. Current fuel prices. 30/60 years boiler/HTGR lifetime.For HTGR: 15 idle days/year, 80% of power used.Design cost covered by the first 10 HTGR’s.Largest uncertainties: discount rate, CO2 cost, coal & gas price & availability.

Coal, gas & HTGR economy

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Steam cost LCOE

M PLN /GJ

F-NPV

M PLN

E-NPV

M PLN

Discount rate 8% 4% 8% 4% 8% 4%

CO2 emission cost /t 20€ 50€ 20€ 50€ 50€ 50€

Coal boiler OP-230 27 37 25 35 158 619 -91 -119

Gas boiler OG-230 37 43 36 42 20 144 4 98

HTGR 165 MW 55 55 36 36 -268 538 -268 538

1$ ≈ 3.5 PLN

1€ ≈ 4.2 PLN

F-NPV: financial

E-NPV: economic

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HTGR business modelLarge nuclear vendors not interested to take lead in HTGR project

A new European company should be established (in Poland)

Foreign expertise should be involved by hiring, contracts and shares

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• 2018: Agreement between the Ministry of Energy and Ministry of Science and Higher Education on the implementation of the HTGR program + a possible governmental program

• 2018: Establishment of HTR-EPC company + incorporation of foreign partners

10 MWth experimental reactor:

• 2018-20: design (PLN 150 mln, ~36 mln €),

• 2020-25: licensing & construction (PLN 600 mln, ~143 mln €)

165 MWth commercial reactor:

• 2018: a preconception study (PLN 10 mln, ~2.4 mln €)

• 2019-23: designing (PLN 500 mln, ~120 mln €)

• 2023-26: preparation of the first HTGR construction (PLN 500 mln, ~120 mln €)

• 2026-31: construction of the first HTGR (PLN 1500 mln, ~360 mln €)

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Schedule

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Warsaw, 8-10th October 2018• 7th Oct – optional tourist excursion

• 8-10th Oct – conference sessions

• 11-12th Oct – NC2I/Gemini+/PRIME meetings

Deadlines:

• Abstract receiving – till 15.03.2018

• Conference/hotel registration – till 30.04.2018

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htr

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org

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NC2I is one of SNETP’s strategic technological pillars, mandated to coordinate the

demonstration of high temperature nuclear cogeneration.

www.snetp.eu

Backup slides

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19

Electricity

Process

heat

<250°C

250°C-

550°C

1000°C

LWR

HTGR

VHTR

/ DFR

design license construction

design license construction

design …

2015 2020 2025 2030

4x / 6x

1000-1600

MWe

150-350

MWth

300-1000

MWth

Nee

ds

of

Po

lish

eco

no

my

10 MWth

concept

Nuclear Roadmap of Poland

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Investment project

Deployment project

Research project

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Road-transportable vessel?Vehicles allowed in Poland: 4.0m × 4.0m

Fire emergency roads: 4.5m × 4.5m

Can one fit 165 MWth?

2×83? 3×55?

Boiler by RAFAKO.com.pl

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Phase Time Task / milestones Team M PLN

1 2018 Preconceptual study:

• Mobilisation

• Due dilligence of foreign partners

• Contracts with foreign partners

• Conceptual studies, cost estimate

• Deeper economy analysis

10-20 pers. 10

2 2019-23 Reactor design 500

2a 2019-20 • Conceptual design

o Safety Options Report

40-70 pers. 50

2b 2020-21 • Preliminary design

o Preliminary Safety Analysis Report

50-80 pers.

+subcontr.

150

2c 2022-23 • Final design

o Final Safety Analysis Report

60-90 pers.

+subcontr.

300

3 2023-31 First HTR construction 2000

3a 2023-26 • Site preparation, licensing 500

3b 2026-31 • Construction & commissioning 150021

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WP1 Safety Approach and Licensing Framework - TÜV-R

T1.0 Work Package Coordination TÜV-R M1-M36

T1.1Updated Safety Requirements for an HTGR for

Nuclear CogenerationIRSN M1-M36

T1.2Safety Cases and Adaptation of the Severe Accident

MethodologyIRSN M1-M36

T1.3 Lessons learned from Fukushima IRSN M1-M36

T1.4Review of National Licensing Frameworks with

Regard to HTGR specific Safety FeaturesNCBJ M1-M36

T1.5 Review of the Safety Options Report produced in WP2 TÜV-R M19-M36

T1.6

Preliminary thermal-hydraulics calculations and

estimates of fission product releases to establish the

safety of a prototype reactor as proposed in WP2

NRG M1-M36

T1.7Safety Aspects of graphitic Dust in the Primary Circuit

of HTGR Cores formed by Prosmatic BlocksTUD

M1-M24

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WP2 Configuration for an industrial high temperaturenuclear cogeneration system - AMEC

T2.0 WP2 coordination AMEC, LGI M1-M36

T2.1Requirements, assumptions and constraints

of the projectAMEC M1- M20

T2.2Selection of options for GEMINI+ system configuration

AMEC M2 - M36

T2.3Safety options for the high temperature

cogeneration systemBriVatech M2- M36

T2.4 Support studies: core design

NUCLIC, NRG,

BriVaTech,

KAERI, AMEC

M3-M33

T2.5 Support studies: cost assessment EAI M3-M33

T2.6Support studies: integration in the energy

marketEAI

M4-M36

T2.7Support studies: assessment of the

feasibility and benefits of modular

manufacturing of GEMINI+ system

NAMRC M2-M36

T2.8Decommissioning and Waste Management

of GEMINI+ system

EAI. JAEA,

JRC, TÜV-R,

USNCE

M2-M18

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WP3 Innovation and long-term perspective - JRCT3.0 Work Package coordination JRC M1-M36

T3.1Review of innovation options for a

demonstration projectCVR M1-M36

T3.2Potential of HTGR for higher performance,

better economy and extended heat marketEAI M1-M36

T3.3 Innovative uses of nuclear energy FORTUM M1-M36

WP4 Demonstration in Europe - EnergoProjektT4.0 WP 4 coordination EnergoProjekt M1-M36

T4.1 Site studies Azoty M1-M24

T4.2 Coupling studies

Azoty,

EnergoProjekt,

JRC, Prochem,

AMEC, EAI, BEC

M1-M36

T4.3 Supply chain study AMEC M12-M36

T4.4Technology gaps and qualification

needsLGI M12-M36

T4.5Planning for the demonstration

projectEnergoProjekt M24-M36

T4.6 Business plan for the demonstration LGI M12-M36

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WP5 Dissemination & Stakeholder Engagement - LGIT5.1 Awareness building for GEMINI LGI M1-M36

T5.2 Engagement with stakeholders NCBJ M1-M36

T5.3 Scientific dissemination AMEC M1-M36

T5.4 Competence building NCBJ M6-M36

T5.5 Knowledge Management LGI M1-M36

WP6 Monitoring, Reporting & Management* - NCBJT6.1 Project coordination NCBJ M1-M36

T6.2 Quality management LGI M1-M36

T6.3Project secretariat and meetings

organizationLGI M1-M36

T6.4 Contractual & Financial Management LGI M1-M36

T6.5 Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) NCBJ M12-M36

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• 13 largest chemical plants need 6500 MW of heat at T=400-550°C

• They use 200 TJ / year, equivalent to burning of>5 mln t of natural gas or oil

• Replacing by HTGR would reduce CO2 emission by 14-17 mln t / year

• 165 MWth reactor sizefits all the needs

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HTGR for Poland

Plant boilers MW

ZE PKN Orlen S.A.Płock 8 2140

Arcelor Mittal Poland S.A. 8 1273

Zakłady Azotowe "Puławy" S.A. 5 850

Zakłady Azotowe ANWIL SA 3 580

Zakłady Chemiczne "Police" S.A. 8 566

Energetyka Dwory 5 538

International Paper - Kwidzyn 5 538

Grupa LOTOS S.A. Gdańsk 4 518

ZAK S.A. Kędzierzyn 6 474

Zakl. Azotowe w Tarnowie Moscicach S.A. 4 430

MICHELIN POLSKA S.A. 9 384

PCC Rokita SA 7 368

MONDI ŚWIECIE S.A. 3 313

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Nuclear cogeneration European projects

+ several national projects, e.g.:

• France: ANTARES project (AREVA, CEA, EDF)

• Germany: SYNKOPE – HTR for lignite gasification, STAUB II,

• Poland: HTRPL – Polish industry needs, coupling technologies

+ many crosscutting projects

on materials, waste, reactor

physics …

2016

Gemini+

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Proven reactor technology,

high potential for cogen

Heat market for nuclear technologies

LWRDistrict heating, pulp &

paper, desalinationChemicals, refining, H2, steelmaking, soda

ash, lime, glassmaking, industrial gases, etc.

Mainly

low T

needed

550°C steam

required to address

the segment 250-550°C

(like gas cogen)

High potential for H2

and high T O2

production

Several high T

sectors potentially

open for nuclear

(pre)heating

Reactors mature

+ experience in cogenLong-term

Chemicals, refining, H2, steelmaking, soda

ash, lime, glassmaking, industrial gases, etc.

HTGR VHTR

Source: EUROPAIRS study on the European industrial heat market

No competition between LWR

& HTGR; need for both

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High T Gas-cooled Reactor(HTGR)

• TRISO fuel

• Leak tight to fission products > 1600°C

• Pebble-bed or prismatic core

• Intrinsic safety

• In case of accident, cools down by conduction & radiative heat transfer

• No core damage possible, no need for exclusion zone

• Coolant: Helium ~750°C

• Flexibility: T, power, heat/electricityadaptable for industry needs

• Now: steam 550°C for existing industrial installations

• Future: VHTR ~1000°CSteam

Generators

Reactor

Circulator

TRISO

particle

Compact

Block

Core

Reactor

Primary system

(2 loops option)

UO2/PyC/SiC

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The HTGRs built and operated in the world

Fort Saint-Vrain, US

300 MWe

1976-89

THTR, Germany

300 MWe1986-89

DRAGON, U.K. 20 MW1963-76

AVR, Germany

15 MWe

1967-88

HTR-10, China

10 MWth

since 2000

Peach Bottom, US 200 MWth1967-74

Test reactors

Industrial prototypes

HTR-PM, China

2 x 106 MWe2017?

HTTR, Japan

30 MWth

since 1998

3131

Founding NC2I

members