nawcwd operational requirements document...china lake ranges (nawcwd) change control board is...

4107ASY00126 Rev B

Original Design Activity:

CAGE Code 30003

7 July 2020

NAWCWD OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT

FOR THE

LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

Prepared by:

Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division

China Lake Ranges

China Lake, CA 93555

Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

ii


This page intentionally left blank.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

iii


NOTICE TO REVIEWERS

This document was submitted for review and approval to the persons and organizations listed

below. The date identifies when approvers gave approval of the document as submitted.

APPROVAL: Approved Via Email______________________

Andy Corzine

Director, China Lake Ranges

6/30/20___

Date

REVIEWER: Approved Via Email______________________

Matt Boggs

Chief Engineer, China Lake Ranges

7/07/20____

Date

ORIGINATOR: Approved Via Email_______________________

Susan Williams

Range Environmental Coordinator, China Lake Ranges

6/04/20 __

Date

4107ASY00126 Rev B

iv



4107ASY00126 Rev B

v


RECORD OF CHANGES This index records all revisions made to the document. China Lake Ranges (NAWCWD) Change

Control Board is responsible for coordinating and releasing revisions to this document.

Page/Para. Rev A, M, D* Date Authorization Description

- - 1 April 2013 Original release

A M 2 May 2017 CLR057 2016 annual review

and update

B M 07 July 2020 CLR01027 2020 annual review

and update to include

updated GTT maps,

updated tables in

Appendix D, and added

a table in Appendix G. * A = added, M = modified, D = deleted

4107ASY00126 Rev B

vi


This page intentionally left blank

4107ASY00126 Rev B

vii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 1 2 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 1 3 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 1 4 CHINA LAKE RANGE OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 2 4.1 Test and Training Activities. .................................................................................................. 2

4.2 Description of Operations. ..................................................................................................... 2 4.2.1 Air-to-Air Operations. ......................................................................................................... 4 4.2.2 Surface-to-Air Operations. .................................................................................................. 5 4.2.3 Air-to-Surface Operations. .................................................................................................. 6 4.2.4 Surface-to-Surface Operations. ........................................................................................... 7

4.2.5 Energetics and Ordnance Operations. ................................................................................. 8

4.2.6 Electromagnetics Operations (including DE). .................................................................... 9

Types of Directed Energy Systems. ............................................................................... 10 4.2.6.1.1 High-Energy Laser. ..................................................................................................... 10

High-Power Microwave. ................................................................................................ 12 4.2.7 Test Track Operations. ...................................................................................................... 16

4.2.8 Ground Troop Training. .................................................................................................... 18 4.2.9 Unmanned Systems Operations ........................................................................................ 19

Types of Unmanned Systems. ........................................................................................ 19 4.3 Assets. .................................................................................................................................. 21 4.4 Ground Activities ................................................................................................................. 23

4.5 Tempo of Operations ............................................................................................................ 24 4.6 Range Areas .......................................................................................................................... 26

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A: CHINA LAKE RDAT&E AND TRAINING OPERATIONS ........................... 43

APPENDIX B: CLASSES OF LASERS ...................................................................................... 52 APPENDIX C: CHINA LAKE TARGET TYPES ....................................................................... 55

APPENDIX D: CHINA LAKE TARGET AND TEST AREAS ................................................. 57 APPENDIX E: RANGE USE AREAS ......................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX F: SPECIAL PURPOSE RANGES AND FACILITIES .......................................... 78 APPENDIX G: SUMMARY OF NEPA DOCUMENTATION .................................................. 82

APPENDIX H: A ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................... 86

4107ASY00126 Rev B

viii


LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Electromagnetic Environment for Narrowband HPM. ................................................... 14 Table 2. Electromagnetic Table 2. Environment for Wideband HPM. ........................................ 14 Table 3. Categories of Unmanned Systems. ................................................................................. 19 Table 4. Operational Baseline with Approved Increases. ............................................................. 24 Table A-1. RDAT&E and Training Operations ............................................................................ 43

Table B-1. Laser Safety Classes ................................................................................................... 53

Table C-1. Range Target Types .................................................................................................... 55

Table D-1. Baker Range Target and Test Areas ........................................................................... 57

Table D-2. Charlie Range Target and Test Areas ......................................................................... 58

Table D-3. George Range Target and Test Areas ......................................................................... 59

Table D-4. Airport Lake Target and Test Areas ........................................................................... 61

Table D-5 Supersonic Naval Ordnance Research Track Test Areas ............................................ 62

Table D-6. Junction Ranch Target and Test Areas ....................................................................... 62

Table D-7. Coso Range Target and Test Areas ............................................................................ 63

Table D-8. Coles Flat Target and Test Areas ............................................................................... 63

Table D-9. Darwin Wash Target and Test Areas .......................................................................... 64

Table D-10. Weapons Survivability Laboratory Test Areas ........................................................ 65

Table D-11. Area R Test Areas ..................................................................................................... 66

Table D-12. Randsburg Wash Range Target and Test Areas ....................................................... 67 Table D-13. Mojave B North Target and Test Areas.................................................................... 70

Table D-14. Mojave B South Target and Test Areas .................................................................... 71

Table D-15. Superior Valley Target and Test Area ...................................................................... 71

Table D-16. Cuddeback Target and Test Areas ............................................................................ 71

Table D-17. Ordnance Test and Evaluation, and Propulsion Laboratory Test Areas ................... 72

Table E-1. China Lake Range Use Area Definitions .................................................................... 75

Table F-1. Special Purpose Range and Facilities.......................................................................... 79

Table G-1. CATEXs Incorporated in Revision A ......................................................................... 83

Table G-2. NEPA Documentation Incorporated in Revision B .................................................... 85

4107ASY00126 Rev B

ix


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Typical Air-to-Air Scenario. ........................................................................................... 4 Figure 2. Typical Surface-to-Air Scenario...................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Typical Air-to-Surface Scenario. ..................................................................................... 6 Figure 4. Typical Surface-to-Surface Scenario. .............................................................................. 7 Figure 5. Example Energetics Test. ................................................................................................ 9

Figure 6. Typical Air-to-Air HEL Scenario. ................................................................................. 11 Figure 7. Typical Surface-to-Air HEL Scenario. .......................................................................... 11 Figure 8. Typical Air-to-Air HPM Scenario. ................................................................................ 12 Figure 9. Typical Air-to-Surface HPM Scenario. ......................................................................... 13 Figure 10. Typical Surface-to-Surface HPM Scenario. ................................................................ 13

Figure 11. Typical Target Penetration Scenario. .......................................................................... 16

Figure 12. Typical Ejection Systems Scenario. ............................................................................ 17

Figure 13. North Range Use Areas. .............................................................................................. 26 Figure 14. South Range Use Areas. .............................................................................................. 27 Figure 15. Air-to-Air and Surface-to-Air Operations ................................................................... 30 Figure 16. Air-to-Surface Operations ........................................................................................... 31

Figure 17. Surface-to-Surface Operations. ................................................................................... 32 Figure 18. Energetic Operations. .................................................................................................. 33

Figure 19. Electromagnetic Operations. ....................................................................................... 34 Figure 20. Test Track Operations ................................................................................................. 35 Figure 21. Ground Troop Training (Type I) Operations............................................................... 36

Figure 22. Ground Troop Training (Type II) Operations. ............................................................ 37 Figure 23. North Range Target Areas. .......................................................................................... 38

Figure 24. South Range Target Areas. .......................................................................................... 39 Figure 25. North Range Test Areas. ............................................................................................. 40

Figure 26. South Range Test Areas. ............................................................................................. 41

4107ASY00126 Rev B

x



4107ASY00126 Rev B

1


1 PURPOSE

The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) is the primary user of the Naval

Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWSCL) ranges for conducting military operations. This

document contains the NAWCWD operational requirements as part of the China Lake

Environmental Impact Statement and Legislative Environmental Impact Statement (LEIS) to

ensure the continued ability to accomplish its mission. It will be reviewed annually by the Naval

Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Ranges Sustainability Office and updated as needed.

The NAWCWD mission is to execute full-spectrum weapons and warfare

systems Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation

2 REFERENCES

ANSI/IEEE C95.1

24 June 2004

Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure

to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3kHz to 300GHz

MIL-STD-810G

31 October 2008

Department of Defense Test Method Standard: Environmental

Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests

MIL-STD-2105D

19 April 2011

Department of Defense Test Method Standard: Hazard

Assessment Tests for Non-Nuclear Munitions

Office of the Secretary of

Defense, 2007-2032

10 December 2007

Unmanned Systems Roadmap

DRGO-6256-1163

11 May 2010

Ranges Department China Lake Ranges Usage Direction

3 BACKGROUND

The China Lake LEIS Record of Decision, issued February 2016 implements Alternative 1, which

allows for a 25 percent increase in research, development, acquisition, test, and evaluation and

training within current land use areas approved for designated uses, expansion of unmanned aerial

and surface systems, and expansion of existing and introduction of evolving directed energy (DE)

weapons development. The Bureau of Land Management, in partnership with the Navy, requested

Congress to renew the land withdrawal to retain NAWSCL as a military range for a period of 25

years. The fiscal year (FY) 2014 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) authorized the

renewal of the public land withdrawal through 2039. The FY2015 and FY2016 NDAAs modified

the land withdrawal of approximately 33,096 acres to add the former Air Force Cuddeback Air-

Ground Gunnery Range and lands contiguous with the China Lake Ranges South Range. The

China Lake land withdrawal was further modified by the FY2017 NDAA, which extends the

duration of the China Lake withdrawal of public land an additional 25 years, to 2064.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

2


4 CHINA LAKE RANGE OPERATIONS

4.1 Test and Training Activities.

Research, development, acquisition, test and evaluation (RDAT&E) and training operations

conducted at NAWSCL fall within the following broad operational categories:

1. Air-to-Air

2. Surface-to-Air

3. Air-to-Surface

4. Surface-to-Surface

5. Energetics and Ordnance

6. Electromagnetics, including DE

7. Track Test

8. Unmanned Systems

Additional fleet training operations include air combat, aircrew, combat skills, and ground troop

training (GTT). These operations are further discussed in Sections 5.0 and 6.0, respectively.

4.2 Description of Operations.

NAWCWD operations can be classified as one of three categories: Research and development

(R&D), test and evaluation (T&E), or training. NAWCWD must maintain the ability to conduct

current and evolving RDAT&E and training operations at NAWSCL.

Research and Development

Research and development supports all phases of weapon systems development, from the earliest

concepts of a weapon, to engineering and manufacturing, to fleet use, and finally to the disposal

of systems no longer needed by the military. The goal of weapons R&D is to explore the use of

promising technology to solve emerging warfighter needs. At NAWSCL, research activities focus

on the areas of weapons guidance and control, warheads, explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics,

propulsion systems, airframes, and the basic chemistry and physics that support these areas.

Test and Evaluation

Test and evaluation is a continuous process throughout the weapon systems lifecycle. Weapon

systems and components are tested and evaluated under natural operating conditions at NAWSCL

to replicate realistic employment and operational scenarios to the maximum extent practicable.

General categories of T&E operations include, but are not limited to, air and surface launched

weapons, communications, DE, electromagnetics, electronic warfare (EW) and countermeasures,

ordnance T&E, sensor, weapons survivability, and track tests.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

3


Training

Training operations are accommodated on a non-interference basis with the primary RDAT&E

mission. The varied terrain and environmental conditions throughout NAWSCL support training

in air-to-air and air-to-surface combat skills as well as other types of air and ground training

exercises. Training operations enable warfighters to rehearse in realistic environments against

relevant threats and static and moving targets or, “to train as they fight.” General categories of

training operations include, but are not limited to, air combat, aircrew, combat skills, and GTT.

The major operational categories encompassing RDAT&E and training activities at NAWSCL are

described in further detail in Appendix A.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

4


4.2.1 Air-to-Air Operations.

A typical air-to-air scenario, depicted in Figure 1, involves the test of an air-launched, air-intercept

weapon against a variety of aerial targets. Air-to-air operations generally employ manned or

unmanned aircraft, a kinetic or DE weapon system, a target, and countermeasure devices such as

flares or chaff. Air-to-air testing assesses and evaluates weapons and weapon systems and the

integration of weapon systems with the aircraft. Operations may include captive-carry inert, live

motor but no warhead, or tactical all-up round for firing and warhead detonation. An example of

this scenario is the launch of an AIM-9X Sidewinder missile against a full-scale aerial target.

Figure 1. Typical Air-to-Air Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

5


4.2.2 Surface-to-Air Operations.

A typical surface-to-air scenario, depicted in Figure 2, has the same hazard patterns as air-to-air

operations. This scenario involves the test of a surface launched kinetic or DE weapon against a

variety of aerial targets. Testing may also include the use of countermeasure devices such as flares

and chaff. Surface-to-air testing evaluates overall weapon system performance, warhead

effectiveness, software and hardware modifications or upgrades of ground-based weapons

systems. Operations may include inert warheads or tactical all-up rounds for firing and warhead

detonation. Targets used in surface-to-air testing include full-scale surface launched targets, air-

or surface-launched subscale targets, unmanned systems, or helicopter targets. This scenario

includes the test of a ground-launch weapon from a fixed launcher. Examples of this scenario are

the launch of a 2.75-inch HYDRA-70 rocket from a stationary launch rail, or a Phalanx gun

systems test against an airborne target.

Figure 2. Typical Surface-to-Air Scenario.

NOTE: The origin of surface in the LEIS stems from the class of weapons being tested, which at

China Lake, a Navy Installation, the term surface is equivalent to ground.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

6


4.2.3 Air-to-Surface Operations.

A typical air-to-surface scenario, depicted in Figure 3, involves the test of an air-launched, ground

attack, kinetic or DE weapon against a variety of ground-based targets. Air-to-surface testing

assesses and evaluates weapon systems, the integration of air-to-surface weapons or weapon

systems to the aircraft, warhead effectiveness, and weapon systems or aircraft software and

hardware modifications or upgrades. Air-to-surface tests are heavily dependent on ground targets,

which can include a wide variety of both vehicular and structural targets. Operations may include

captive-carry inert, live motor but no warhead, or tactical all-up round for firing and warhead

detonation. An example of this scenario is the launch of a GBU-130 Joint Direct Attack Munition

(JDAM) against a fixed, structural target.

Figure 3. Typical Air-to-Surface Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

7


4.2.4 Surface-to-Surface Operations.

A typical surface-to-surface scenario, depicted in Figure 4, involves the test of a surface-launched,

kinetic, or DE weapon against a surface target. Surface-to-surface testing evaluates the overall

weapon system performance, warhead effectiveness, and software or hardware modifications or

upgrades of ground-based weapons systems. Operations may include inert warheads or tactical all-

up rounds for firing and warhead detonation. Targets used in surface-to-surface testing include

both fixed and mobile. This scenario includes the testing of naval guns and other types of smaller

caliber guns from fixed surface sites, ground vehicles, and air platforms. Examples of this scenario

are the firing of 5-inch, 54 caliber naval guns, or shoulder-fired weapons.

Figure 4. Typical Surface-to-Surface Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

8


4.2.5 Energetics and Ordnance Operations.

An energetics or ordnance scenario includes test, training, and disposal activities related to the use

of energetic materials such as propellants and explosives. Much of the work conducted by the

Energetics Research Division on explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics is included in this

category. In addition, the development and test of counter-improvised explosive device (CIED)

detection and neutralization systems may be considered energetics testing. Examples include:

1. Propulsion testing of solid-fuel rocket motors ranging from small laboratory scale to large

strategic systems up to 1.5 million pounds of thrust, aero-heating testing of materials and

small ramjet engines, and characterization of combustion products and plume

measurements of rocket motors.

2. Environmental and safety testing for all-up rounds in accordance with Military Standard

(MIL-STD)-810G, Environmental Test Methods and Engineering Guidelines, or MIL-

STD-2105D, Department of Defense Test Method Standard: Hazard Assessment Tests for

Non-Nuclear Munitions, requirements. Environmental lifecycle tests include vibration,

temperature, humidity, X-ray, and final live munitions firing. Safety tests include fast and

slow cook-off, bullet and fragment impact, drop tower, and sympathetic detonation. Test

articles are generally all-up rounds undergoing either insensitive munitions testing to

ensure safe deployment at sea, or qualification series testing to simulate the weapons

lifecycle and qualify it for operational deployment. All weapon systems are required to

undergo this type of testing.

3. Treatment of energetic hazardous waste generated from R&D laboratory activities, as well

as munitions waste (both nonstandard items that are no longer useful to RDAT&E purposes

and standard items that are expired, in excess, or unsafe). Operations are performed at a

permitted facility in Burro Canyon. The facility allows for the treatment of sizeable

quantities of energetic wastes that cannot be safely transported off range and must be

treated onsite.

4. Manned and unmanned systems testing against buried threats.

5. Blow-in-place (BIP) activities to dispose of unexploded ordnance or support Range

operations.

6. Warhead testing conducted in special ground facilities to measure the effectiveness of

operational and development weapons, fuel-air testing, gun testing, and a large variety of

specialized R&D activities. Test scenarios range from small explosive tests to large arena

tests to characterize fragment distribution and velocity, shock and pressure waves, shaped

charge performance, and overall warhead effectiveness.

Figure 5 illustrates an example energetics test.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

9


Figure 5. Example Energetics Test.

4.2.6 Electromagnetics Operations (including DE).

An electromagnetics scenario involves ground and flight tests that radiate radio frequency (RF)

energy across much of the electromagnetic spectrum. These operations do not typically include

the release of kinetic weapons such as missiles, rockets, bombs, and guns. However, they may

involve the release of EW defensive countermeasure devices such as chaff, flares, and decoys.

Electromagnetic operations include antenna pattern and radar cross-section measurements;

defensive and offensive EW systems; laser systems for targeting, weapons, communication,

mapping, etc.; DE weapons; experimental electromagnetics; communications; electromagnetic

vulnerability of electronic systems; and other RF-related testing. This category may also include

the development and test of CIED detection and neutralization systems.

Directed energy weapons development and test are an important component of electromagnetics.

High-Energy Laser (HEL) and High-Power Microwave (HPM) open-air test events may include:

1. Component level test to evaluate functionality and efficiency

2. Beam characterization to measure fluence, attenuation, divergence, and other propagation

effects under various atmospheric conditions

3. Subscale systems to evaluate component compatibility

4. System integration into air and surface platforms

5. Test to evaluate laser and HPM beam interaction with targets

6. Full-up system test to evaluate acquisition and tracking performance

7. Full-up system test to defeat air and/or ground targets with DE weapons mounted in air or

ground vehicles

4107ASY00126 Rev B

10


Types of Directed Energy Systems.

A DE weapon emits energy in a manner that offers the potential to deny, disrupt, disable, or destroy

target electronics or to cause mechanical damage to structures, platforms, or other equipment. It

can also provide a nonlethal antipersonnel capability. DE weapons include the HEL and HPM

systems described below.

4.2.6.1.1 High-Energy Laser.

Laser systems, including HEL weapons, deposit large amounts of energy within small areas by

taking advantage of three basic principles:

1. Laser systems emit monochromatic light, which is light of one wavelength (or color). In

contrast, white light is a combination of many wavelengths of light.

2. Lasers emit light that is highly directional, meaning that laser light is emitted as a relatively

narrow beam in a specific direction. Ordinary light (e.g., from a light bulb) is emitted in

many directions from its source.

3. Laser light is said to be coherent, which means that the wavelengths of the laser light are

in phase in space and time. Ordinary light is often a mixture of wavelengths that do not

travel in phase.

High-Energy Laser weapons are intended to damage or destroy enemy systems. These weapons

may be integrated onto land, aircraft, and ship platforms and will be used to enhance area defense,

aircraft self-protection, strategic and tactical missile defense, and precision strike. The HEL

weapons remain focused over a great distance, thus providing significantly more power on a target.

Figures 6 and 7 depict typical scenarios for HEL weapons.

Types of HEL systems anticipated for testing at NAWSCL include, but are not limited to, solid-

state, fiber, carbon dioxide, free electron, and closed-cycle chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL).

Power levels are expected up to and including megawatt class, and wavelength levels will range

from nanometers to micrometers. The COIL have the potential to release chemicals into the

atmosphere, but will only be tested in non-atmospheric release conditions. Other chemical agents,

such as sulfur hexafluoride, also have the potential to be released, but will be handled in accordance

with existing hazardous material control procedures. A summary of laser classes is provided in

Appendix B.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

11


Figure 6. Typical Air-to-Air HEL Scenario.

Figure 7. Typical Surface-to-Air HEL Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

12


High-Power Microwave.

The HPM systems are generally designed to produce effects on electronics systems. These counter-

electronics systems, which operate across a broad range of the microwave frequencies, are

typically characterized as having a short, intense energy pulse that can yield relatively high-voltage

surges in targeted electronics resulting in neutralization or damage to those systems. The HPM

weapons may be evaluated for health hazards using the same methodology used for other

microwave systems, such as radars or communication systems, by characterizing the system’s total

power relative to its pulse width and repetition rates. In accordance with the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI)/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) C95.1,

Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic

Fields, 3kHz to 300GHz, humans may be exposed to HPM systems at an apparent peak power

value much higher than traditional RF systems. This is due to the HPM system demonstrating very

high-peak power for a very short period, as opposed to a lower-peak power level over a long

duration (e.g., continuous duty).

Nonlethal antipersonnel HPM systems operate at relatively high frequency (approximately 100

gigahertz [GHz]). At this frequency, the microwave energy will penetrate 1/64 inch of human skin.

These weapons can be operated as continuous wave or pulsed wave systems and emit radiation

that is absorbed by the target’s skin, causing rapid heating and pain. These systems have little

effect on electronics. Nonlethal antipersonnel HPM systems tests on human subjects resulted in

skin burns (caused by induced electrical currents rather than water-bond excitation) in less than

one-tenth of one percent of test subjects (8 in over 11,000 exposures).

The HPM weapons may be integrated onto land, aircraft, and ship platforms and will be used to

enhance both counter-electronic and non-lethal anti-personnel capabilities. Figures 8 to 10 depict

typical HPM scenarios at NAWSCL.

Figure 8. Typical Air-to-Air HPM Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

13


Figure 9. Typical Air-to-Surface HPM Scenario.

Figure 10. Typical Surface-to-Surface HPM Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

14


Types of HPM systems anticipated for testing at NAWSCL include, but are not limited to,

narrowband, wideband, and ultra wideband. The HPM operations will be predominantly in support

of testing as defined by MIL-STD-464C, Department of Defense Interface Standard for

Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3), and at levels indicated in Tables 1 and 2. In addition,

nonlethal HPM utilizes a high-power beam of electromagnetic radiation in the form of high-

frequency millimeter (mm) waves at 95GHz (a wavelength of 3.2mm).

Table 1. Electromagnetic Environment for Narrowband HPM.

Frequency Range

(MHz)

Electric Field at

Target

(kV/m at 1km)

Peak Radiated

Power

(GW)

Practical

Antenna Gain

(dB)

Equivalent

Isotropically

Radiated Power

(EIRP) (TW)

400–1000 100 33 40 333

1000–4000 400 169 45 5,333

4000–5999 1000 105 55 33,333

6000–13999 2500 659 55 208,328

14000–27999 2500 659 55 208,328

28000–40000 500 8 60 8,333

Notes: 1. MHz-megahertz 5. GW-Gigawatt

2. kV-kilovolts 6. dB-decibel 3. m-meter 7. EIRP-Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power

4. km-kilometer 8. TW-Terawatt

Table 2. Electromagnetic Environment for Wideband HPM.

Frequency Range

(MHz)

Broad-Band Electric Field

Distribution at Target

(mV/m/MHz at 100m)

Peak Radiated

Power

(GW)

Practical Antenna

Gain

(dB)

30–150 33000

5 20

150–225 7000

225–400 7000

400–700 1330

700–790 1140

790–1000 1050

1000–2000 840

2000–2700 240

2700–3000 80 Notes: 1. MHz-megahertz 4. GW-Gigawatt 2. mV-millivolts 5. dB-decibel

3. m-meter

4107ASY00126 Rev B

15


Operational Characteristics of Directed Energy Systems

Testing of DE systems will support the ongoing development of non-kinetic weapons in response

to mission requirements. HEL and HPM testing would include air-to-air, air-to-surface, surface-

to-air, surface-to-surface, and electromagnetic scenarios as well as static tests. Tests would occur

on travel surfaces (e.g., roads, turnouts, or parking lots), target areas, test sites, and instrumentation

sites. Multiple concurrent operations could occur on a daily basis across NAWSCL. Some types

of equipment and facilities unique to DE testing include control shelters, personal protective

equipment, atmosphere and beam profiling equipment, and use of large electrical generators.

The HEL and HPM safety protocols are in place to mitigate risk and prevent potential mishaps.

The DE testing is constrained by power levels and personnel safety issues enforced by Range

Safety, the Department of Defense Laser Clearing House, and the Naval Electromagnetic

Spectrum Center. NAWCWD will conduct operations in accordance with existing Range Safety

procedures and standards, such as the ANSI/IEEE C95.1, to mitigate the potential effects to human

health and the environment.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

16


4.2.7 Test Track Operations.

This scenario involves the test of a kinetic or DE weapon system mounted on a sled capable of

operating at speeds ranging from subsonic to hypersonic. A test article, often a full-scale aircraft

or weapon system, is propelled down the track to simulate flight conditions. Typical test-track

operations include target penetration using live high-explosive (HE) warheads, live fuzes, aircrew-

ejection systems, bombs, missiles, rockets, free-flight terminal ballistics, environmental, soft

recovery, EW and countermeasures, and vehicle and barrier testing. An example of this scenario

is the test of a weapon system for target penetration capabilities against a fixed target, often a

concrete block, mounted downrange of the muzzle section of the track. The weapon is separated

from a propelled sled, which is retarded via water brake prior to the muzzle, and allowed to transit

downrange to impact. Figures 11 and 12 illustrate test-track event scenarios.

Figure 11. Typical Target Penetration Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

17


Figure 12. Typical Ejection Systems Scenario.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

18


4.2.8 Ground Troop Training.

The GTT at NAWSCL involves small-scale combat training of ground troops. Training is based

on customer requirements and can be accomplished as part of a larger test activity or as a discrete

training event. Examples include force reconnaissance, insertion and extraction, close air support,

fleet area control and surveillance, and other types of tactical exercises. Activities conducted by

Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training and Evaluation Unit One and the Seabees outside of their

normal operating areas would also be captured in this category.

Ground troops may be on foot, with or without military support animals (i.e., horses, mules, or

military working dogs) and may involve multiple support vehicle types. The GTT operations may

also involve support aircraft (manned or unmanned; fixed or rotary wing) and access to distinct

terrain such as mines, caves, tunnels, sloped areas, or vegetated areas to satisfy unique training

requirements.

Small group test or training activities (no more than eight individuals), known as GTT Type I, may

be conducted on any area of the North and South Ranges with or without support animals (dogs,

horses, mules, etc.). These activities do not include the use of any form of wheeled vehicle. Small

group overland training activity routes and directions shall be intentionally varied to eliminate the

possibility of the formation or making of trails by these activities. Development of fighting

positions, observation points, use of explosive devices, or periods of concentrated activity will not

be permitted outside existing travel surfaces (e.g., roads, turnouts, or parking lots), or highly

developed and disturbed portions of target sites, test sites, and instrumentation sites. These

operations will not include any new surface disturbing activities.

The GTT involving larger groups (not to exceed 40 troops) or using support vehicles, known as

GTT Type II, may only occur in areas where ground disturbance would not be increased such as

existing travel surfaces (e.g., roads, turnouts, or parking lots), target areas, test sites, and

instrumentation sites. These training activities may expand by up to 25 percent. Small group

training with support vehicles may occur on an as-needed basis.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

19


4.2.9 Unmanned Systems Operations

Types of Unmanned Systems.

Unmanned systems (air and ground) play an important role in military operations and their combat

use will continue to expand as described in the Unmanned Systems Roadmap (2007-2032),

prepared by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and dated 10 December 2007. NAWCWD has

primarily supported the development of smaller unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and unmanned

ground systems (UGS), but must expand that support to include the larger and more capable

systems under development to meet emerging requirements. Categories of unmanned systems

anticipated to operate throughout NAWSCL include those listed in Table 3.

Table 3. Categories of Unmanned Systems.

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)

UAS Category

Maximum Gross

Take-off Weight

(lbs)

Normal

Operating

Altitude (ft)

Speed (Knots

Indicated Air

Speed [KIAS])

Example Systems

Group 1 0-20 <1,200 AGL 100

Wasp III, FCS Class I,

TACMAV, RQ-

14A/B, BUSTER,

BATCAM, RQ-

11B/C, FPASS, RQ-

16A, Pointer, Aqua

Terra, Puma

Group 2 21-55 <3,500 AGL

<250

Vehicle Craft

Unmanned Aircraft

System, Scan Eagle,

Silver Fox, Aerosonde

Group 3 <1,320

<18,000 MSL

RQ-7B, RQ-15,

STUAS, XPV-1,

XPV-2

Group 4

>1,320 Subsonic

MQ-5B, MQ-8B, MQ-

1A/B/C, A-160

Group 5 >18,000 MSL

MQ-9A, RQ-4, RQ-

4N, Global Observer,

N-UCAS

Unmanned Ground Systems (UGS)

UGS Category Maximum Gross Weight (lbs) Example Systems

Light Weight

(Group 1) 0–5,000

BomBot, Dragon Runner, RONS,

Warrior

Medium

Weight

(Group 2)

5,001–15,000 MULE, ARTS, MV4, Crusher

Heavy Weight

(Group 3) >15,000 ARV, MACE, ABV

Notes: 1. UAS-Unmanned Aerial Systems 6. AGL-above ground level

2. lbs-pounds 7. >-greater than 3. ft-feet 8. MSL-mean sea level

4. KIAS-Knots Indicated Air Speed 9. UGS-Unmanned Ground Systems

5. <-less than

4107ASY00126 Rev B

20


Operational Characteristics of Unmanned Systems

Unmanned systems operations may range from a single system, to a swarm of UAS, to large-scale

integration testing between UAS and UGS. There will also be requirements for integrated testing

between UAS and manned aircraft. Testing of unmanned systems will support the development of

new generation unmanned platforms and their associated sensors and payloads. Multiple

concurrent operations could occur on a daily basis throughout the Range.

The UAS have longer persistence and use a broader range of propulsion systems, such as battery,

solar panel, fuel cell, jet, diesel, and reciprocating engines; therefore, the duration of operations

may increase compared to manned systems, which will subsequently lead to an increase of night

operations. The UAS will operate anywhere on the North and South Ranges in disturbed areas

such as roads, road shoulders, instrumentation pads, and target and test areas. The UAS will utilize

the China Lake special use airspace and may operate within R-2508 if capable of flying at or above

20,000 feet.

The UAS may be air- or ground-launched using conventional or unconventional means. Larger

categories of UAS typically use established airfields and runways for take-off and landing. Smaller

categories of UAS may be launched on Range or use unconventional takeoff systems such as

catapults, slingshots, or by hand. In addition, UAS may be launched from platforms such as

aircraft, vehicles, or tethering towers. Recovery methods may include conventional landing,

vertical/short takeoff and landing, net, wire, arresting gear, dirt strip, or intentional crash.

The UGS will include both wheeled and tracked vehicles. The UGS will predominantly operate

on existing roads, although small systems may operate off-road in approved areas.

Associated test and training activities, previously discussed in Section 2.0, would be required with

additional off-road requirements to conduct activities such as testing of smaller UGS categories,

conducting launch and recovery, establishing central command centers, and retrieving systems

(and any released hazardous substances) that have either crashed or otherwise failed to operate.

Payloads and expendables will be similar to those associated with manned aircraft, with the

exception of micro-munitions. Micro-munitions may be expended in the same area they are

launched and recovered. Unmanned systems may also deploy many of the sensors for intelligence,

surveillance, and reconnaissance; electro-optical; and infrared normally associated with manned

systems. Operations will utilize the full spectrum of targets available at NAWSCL and, in some

cases, UAS will serve as the target themselves (e.g., counter-UAS testing).

4107ASY00126 Rev B

21


4.3 Assets.

The following assets are typically used to support the RDAT&E and training activities described

above:

Aircraft

Aircraft participants may include the full spectrum of manned and unmanned aircraft platforms,

to include both fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Aircraft may operate singly or in combination in

any particular event.

Surface Vehicles

A broad range of surface vehicles may be used to support RDAT&E and training operations as well

as range, facility, and road maintenance activities. Examples include, but are not limited to, pickup

trucks and all-terrain vehicles; tactical vehicles such as high-mobility multipurpose-wheeled vehicles

and mine resistant ambush protected type vehicles; construction-related vehicles such as bulldozers,

road graders, and heavy equipment; and UGS that are both wheeled and tracked.

The RDAT&E events require surface vehicles for instrumentation and support equipment set-up

and teardown, target construction and placement, test article or target recovery or both, and target

and test clean up. The GTT operations involve surface vehicles to support training requirements.

All vehicle use (wheeled and tracked) will be conducted in accordance with the Ranges

Department China Lake Ranges Road Usage Direction. Projects with off-road requirements will

be reviewed and appropriate environmental documentation prepared as needed.

Targets

A variety of targets may be used throughout NAWSCL to test the impacts of full-scale systems

and subsystems driven by emerging requirements. These targets are essential to testing and

ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the weapon systems, ordnance, sensors, and other

military equipment being developed to support our warfighters.

Targets may be involved in both static and dynamic operations and will be engaged from both the

air and ground. They must often be constructed according to specific customer requirements and

are designed to replicate relevant threats. Some targets may be enhanced with RF, infrared (IR),

or other electromagnetic and visual features to further increase the realism of such threats. While

some targets will be consumable (i.e., destroyed), others will be will be more permanent in nature

and not destroyed. Target hit, kill, or near-miss rates will be dependent upon test objectives.

Ground disturbing activities associated with targets include construction and setup, recovery (if

intact), and cleanup (if destroyed). Target cleanup involves removal and disposal, which typically

requires the use of mechanical equipment. Targets will be used in existing target and test areas to

the extent feasible, based on specific test or training requirements. Descriptions of the types of

targets used at NAWSCL are provided in Appendix C.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

22


Payloads and Expendables

A broad variety of payloads and expendables may be intentionally released during open-air

RDAT&E and training operations. Examples include, but are not limited to, missiles, bombs,

rockets, gun ammunition, fuel-air explosives, explosive charges, fuels, countermeasures (e.g.,

flares, chaff, smokes, decoys, and experimental shapes), common household or commercial

products (used as proxies), chemical releases associated with some DE systems, and similar items

required to support test or training events.

Ordnance is generally classified as live or inert. Live ordnance typically contains a HE warhead.

Inert ordnance does not have a live warhead, but may contain a fuze sensor, spotting charge, or

other energetic materials that may pose a safety hazard. In general, all target and test areas are

authorized for the use of inert ordnance; however, HE use is limited to specific areas. In addition,

explosives use is limited by established net explosive weight (NEW) limits. Appendix D denotes

authorized HE use and NEW limits (as applicable) for each NAWSCL target and test area.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

23


4.4 Ground Activities

Responding to warfighter needs is fundamental to the NAWCWD mission. NAWCWD must

maintain the ability to conduct a broad range of air and surface test and training operations and

activities that support warfighter requirements and provide the decision-quality data required for

the acquisition of weapons systems. To be responsive to relevant requirements and complete tests

or training events in a reasonable timeframe, NAWCWD must have the flexibility to conduct the

following activities:

1. Pre-event/set-up activities–involves the installation and placement of portable or

stationary instrumentation or equipment for event monitoring and data acquisition near

target and test sites and at other remote locations; also entails shallow trenching to

cover cables and instrumentation and burying certain targets/test items up to three

meters in depth to simulate operational conditions

2. Target-related activities–includes target construction, placement/installation,

maintenance, recovery, removal, clean up (including remediation of any released

hazardous substances), and disposal

3. Launch activities–involves the air or ground launch of a test article or target

4. Post-event/teardown activities–involves test article recovery, debris mapping,

instrumentation and equipment teardown, removal of buried targets or test items and

instrumentation, and cleanup of the target or test site, including remediation of any

released hazardous substances

5. Off-road activities

a) Use of vehicles or mechanical equipment in support of any above mentioned

activity

b) Operation of mobile targets to simulate relevant threats

c) Operation/access of personnel, vehicles, and unmanned systems to unique

terrain, such as mines, caves, tunnels, sloped areas, vegetative areas, etc., to

satisfy unique test/training requirements

d) Removal of used targets, recovery of crashed vehicles, and remediation of any

released hazardous substances

All related support equipment and instrumentation will be confined to roads, road shoulders,

instrumentation pads, and kineto tracking mount locations. Equipment will be transported to and

from these areas on existing access roads, although off-road travel may be required occasionally.

Hand placement of items in undisturbed areas will also occur.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

24


4.5 Tempo of Operations

An operational baseline was developed to capture the activities associated with RDAT&E and

training operations currently conducted at NAWSCL. However, it is important to note that these

activities vary depending on customer and program requirements and world events.

Baseline information was derived from a variety of sources, including the NAVAIR Range

Complex Management Plan (RCMP), NAWCWD subject matter expert knowledge, and the 2004

Final Environmental Impact Statement. The RCMP data for FY2007 and FY2008 were normalized

to reflect a single baseline year. Table 4 provides the operational baseline as well as the approved

increases for all operational parameter categories.

Table 4. Operational Baseline with Approved Increases.

Operational Parameter Operational

Baseline

LEIS Approved

Increase

AIR OPERATIONS

Aircraft Flight Hours

5,750

25% increase to

7,188

Aircraft Flights (Sorties)*

North Range

Echo Range

Superior Valley

TOTAL

3,835

2,839

3,155

9,829

25% increase to

4,794

3,549

3,944

12,287

GROUND OPERATIONS

Energetics, Ordnance Tests

Insensitive Munitions

Propulsion

Air Breathing Engine, Material Evaluation

Warhead

Weapons Survivability Laboratory (Test Series)

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Land Demolitions**

TOTAL

25% increase to

175

45

35

141

30

155

581

219

56

44

176

38

194

727

Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Tests (Test Events)

1,675

25% increase to

2,094

EOD Training–Darwin Wash (Classes)

30

25% increase to

38

Ground Troop Training Operations (Training Events)***

Small Group, With or Without Vehicles (Type I)

Large Group, With Vehicles (Type II)

As Needed

42

As Needed

53

Test Track Operations (Test Events)

Main Track 15 30

G-4

TOTAL

3

18

7

37

UNMANNED SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Flights (Flight Hours)

Group 1 (0 to 20 pounds) 16 156

Group 2 (21 to 55 pounds) 42 1,600

Group 3 (<1,320 pounds.) 29 3,000

Groups 4 and 5 (>1,320 pounds)

TOTAL

1,500

1,587

4,000

8,756

UGS Operations (Test Hours)

Group 1 (0 to 5,000 pounds) 364 1,144

Group 2 (5,001to 15,000 pounds) 234 728

Group 3 (>15,000 pounds)

TOTAL

96

694

312

2,184

4107ASY00126 Rev B

25


Operational Parameter Operational

Baseline

LEIS Approved

Increase

DIRECTED ENERGY OPERATIONS

High-Energy Laser Weapon Activity (Test Days) 50 115

High-Power Microwave Weapon Activity (Test Days) 50 115

MOBILE TARGETS

Aerial Targets 25 35

Vehicular Land Targets

361

25% increase to

451

ORDNANCE EXPENDITURES

Bombs 25% increase to

North Range

Echo Range

Superior Valley

TOTAL

411

653

10,464

11,528

514

816

13,080

14,410

Gun Munitions 25% increase to

North Range

Echo Range

Superior Valley

TOTAL

18,683

4,224

74,980

97,887

23,354

5,280

93,725

122,359

Darwin Wash (EOD) 2,634,240 3,292,800

Rockets 25% increase to

North Range

Superior Valley

TOTAL

366

342

708

458

428

886

Other (Flares, Chaff, etc.) 25% increase to

North Range

Echo Range

Superior Valley

TOTAL

2,280

74

124

2,478

2,850

93

155

3,098

Missiles

North Range Only

109

25% increase to

136

ENERGETIC MATERIAL EXPENDITURES

Explosives

North Range

C-4 (lbs.)

Data Sheet .125

Detonation Cord (feet)

Dynamite

Exrod

Gun Powder (pounds)

High Explosives (pounds net explosive weight [NEW])

Satchel Charge C-4

Smoke Grenade

Squibs/Initiators (pounds)

TNT (lbs.)

1,095

280

12,094

112

56

4,889

22,313

84

112

318

33,112

25% increase to

1,369

350

15,118

140

70

6,151

27,891

105

140

402

41,390

Propellants (pounds NEW)

North Range

631,249

789,061 * Aircraft flight sorties include manned aircraft involved in RDAT&E and training operations, as well as other flights such as aircrew

proficiency, cross-country, logistics, and functional check flights. It does not include unmanned aerial system (UAS) flights. ** Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) land demolition baseline numbers include 11 at Burro Canyon and 144 at B-Mountain.

*** Includes Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training and Evaluation Unit One training conducted outside of Darwin Wash.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

26


4.6 Range Areas

At the largest scale, NAWSCL is divided into the North and South Ranges. These land ranges are

further divided into multiple areas according to historic range use (Figures 13 and 14). Brief

descriptions of the North and South Range Use Areas are provided in Appendix E.

Figure 13. North Range Use Areas.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

27


Figure 14. South Range Use Areas.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

28


Range Use Areas allow the scheduling of concurrent operations, thereby optimizing range

utilization and maximizing the ability to satisfy customer requirements. Range Use Areas are used

singularly or in combination to meet specific test or training requirements. For instance, operations

not involving the release of ordnance or other expendables and with no associated ground

disturbance activity may be conducted throughout NAWSCL, although certain areas may be

preferable due to terrain or the availability of ground test support facilities. Examples include flight

operations (manned and unmanned, fixed and rotary wing) and various electromagnetic tests.

Operations with large hazard patterns, such as air-to-air, surface-to-air, air-to-surface, and surface-to-

surface tests, may involve multiple Range Use Areas, an entire Range (e.g., North Range), or even

cross-range scenarios (e.g., across the North and South Ranges or across NAWSCL and Sea Range).

Although these tests are highly scripted and controlled, due to their dynamic nature, all range areas

within the hazard pattern are subject to intermittent test impacts. These associated impacts may result

from unexpected or poor test article performance, missing target centers, ordnance skips, fragment-

throw patterns, and/or test item recovery activities. NAWCWD performs due diligence to calculate

the landing areas for test articles and associated debris as precisely as possible.

NAWCWD has determined and identified the specific engagement areas, debris areas, target and

test areas, and/or focused electromagnetic areas, as applicable, that are required to support each of

the major categories of operations described in Section 5.0 (Figures 15 through 20). Figures 21

and 22 identify areas for Types 1 and 2 GTT activities. General definitions of low- and high-

intensity use areas corresponding to the legends on the map figures are as follows:

Engagement Areas–areas of low-intensity support use

Engagement areas reflect the range extent (air, ground) of low intensity and regular support to test or

training actions. Activities that occur in the engagement area include the actual test event plus a wide

range of support activities, such as target placement, instrumentation set up, camera placement,

orbiting refueling aircraft, transmitter placement, and other low-intensity activities. For example, the

engagement area for an electromagnetic test is an area in which transmitters and sensors may be

placed or operated from aerial platforms, on existing roads, or within test and target areas.

Debris Areas–areas of high-intensity impact use

The debris areas depicted on the air-to-air and surface-to-air figure reflect the Range extent (air or

ground) where some disturbance is expected or feasible. This disturbance may be caused by falling

debris from weapons impact, errant weapon or aircraft performance resulting in premature failure

and debris, high-energy electromagnetic activity such as HEL or HPM, air or ground launch of

weapons/guns, or other high-intensity activities.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

29


Target and Test Areas–areas of high-intensity impact use

Target areas are a specialized operations area associated with testing systems effects. These areas

may provide impact areas for delivered ordnance, or provide a venue for static test events such as

large scale detonations. These areas may additionally provide conditions for non-kinematic

systems, to include optical systems (e.g., lasers), or electromagnetic systems under test. Target

areas may contain specialized target structures not considered or managed as facilities, often built

to specialized or foreign construction standards. Target areas are generally considered to be within

the Major Range and Test Facility Base China Lake operational ranges, and do not require

explosive siting per OP-5, though there may be target areas sited for residual or historic reasons.

Test areas are similar to a target area in that they provide specialized test conditions, but

significantly include structures managed as facilities within them. These facilities are often

specialized structures of a relatively major and permanent nature, such as the firing bays at

SkyTop. Test areas additionally also may carry explosive siting, often reflecting their nature as

facilities associated with a processing event, coupled with containing permanent facilities. A

description of individual target and test areas is provided in Appendix D. North and South Range

target and test areas are indicated in Figures 23 through 26.

Focused Electromagnetic Areas–areas of high-intensity use

Focused electromagnetic areas include major existing test areas and facilities which typically

contain dedicated, developed sites (such as electronic warfare or target sites), allowing the

placement of ancillary sensors, transmitters, and threats within the designated area footprint,

electromagnetic emitting and receiving systems do not correspond to ground disturbing impacts.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

30


Figure 15. Air-to-Air and Surface-to-Air Operations

4107ASY00126 Rev B

31


Figure 16. Air-to-Surface Operations

4107ASY00126 Rev B

32


Figure 17. Surface-to-Surface Operations.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

33


Figure 18. Energetic Operations.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

34


Figure 19. Electromagnetic Operations.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

35


Figure 20. Test Track Operations

4107ASY00126 Rev B

36


Figure 21. Ground Troop Training (Type I) Operations.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

37


Figure 22. Ground Troop Training (Type II) Operations.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

38


Figure 23. North Range Target Areas.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

39


Figure 24. South Range Target Areas.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

40


Figure 25. North Range Test Areas.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

41


Figure 26. South Range Test Areas.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

42



4107ASY00126 Rev B

43


APPENDIX A: CHINA LAKE RDAT&E AND TRAINING OPERATIONS

Table A-1. Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation, and Training

Operations

RDAT&E/Training

Operation Description

Air-to-Air Operations

Air-to-Air Weapons

Tests

This scenario involves the test of an air-launched, air-intercept weapon

against a variety of aerial targets. Air-to-air operations generally

employ manned and/or unmanned aircraft, a kinetic or directed energy

(DE) weapon system, a target, and countermeasure devices such as

flares or chaff. Air-to-air testing assesses and evaluates weapons and

weapon systems and the integration of weapon systems with the

aircraft. Operations may include captive-carry inert, live motor but no

warhead, or tactical all-up round for firing and warhead detonation.

Examples of this scenario are the launch of an AIM-9X Sidewinder

missile against a full-scale aerial target or the deployment of a high-

energy laser (HEL) weapon from a manned platform against an

unmanned aerial target.

Aerial Target

Launch

This scenario involves the launching of aerial targets to support test and

training operations. The targets may include BQM-34/74, AQM-37,

drones, unmanned aerial systems (UASs), towed banners, and other

suitable devices. The targets may be launched from the ground or from

aircraft.

Surface-to-Air Operations

Surface-to-Air

Weapons Tests

This scenario involves the test of a surface launched kinetic or DE

weapon against a variety of aerial targets. Surface-to-air testing

evaluates overall weapon system performance, warhead effectiveness,

and software and hardware modifications or upgrades of ground-based

weapon systems. Operations may include inert warhead or tactical all-

up round for firing and warhead detonation. Targets used in surface-to-

air testing include full-scale surface launched targets, air- or surface-

launched subscale targets, unmanned systems, or helicopter targets.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

44


RDAT&E/Training


Surface Target Launch

This scenario involves the test of a ground-launch weapon from a

fixed launcher. Examples of this scenario are the launch of a 2.75-

inch HYDRA-70 rocket from a stationary launch rail or the

deployment of a HEL weapon against an airborne target.

Air-to-Surface Operations

Air-to-Surface

Weapons Tests

This scenario involves the test of an air-launched, ground attack

weapons against a variety of ground based targets from manned and

unmanned air vehicles. Air-to-surface testing assesses and evaluates

weapon systems, the integration of air-to-surface weapons or weapon

systems to the aircraft, warhead effectiveness, and weapon systems

and/or aircraft software and hardware modifications or upgrades. Air-

to-surface tests are heavily dependent on ground targets, which can

include a wide variety of both vehicular and structural targets. They

may include captive-carry inert, live motor but no warhead, or tactical

all-up round for firing and warhead detonation. An example of this

scenario is the launch of a GBU-130 Joint Direct Attack Munition

(JDAM) against a fixed, structural target.

Mobile Land Targets

(Moving Targets)

This scenario involves the testing and utilization of remote

controlled and autonomous land targets such as M-60 tanks, tractor-

trailers, pick-up sized trucks, and other moving vehicles. Tests may

involve convoys, multiple targets moving at one time, targets

moving at fast speeds, targets towed by motorized vehicles, or other

configurations dictated by customer requirements. Any vehicle

designed for on- or off-road use is a possibility as a mobile land

target. Mobile land targets may also be used to support surface-to-

surface test events.

Surface-to-Surface Operations

Surface-to-Surface

Weapons Tests

This scenario involves the test of a surface-launched, kinetic, or DE

weapon against a surface target. Surface-to-surface testing evaluates

the overall weapon system performance, warhead effectiveness, and

software/hardware modifications or upgrades of ground-based

weapons systems. Operations may include inert warhead or tactical

all-up round for firing and warhead detonation. Targets used in

surface-to-surface testing include both fixed and mobile. This

scenario also includes the testing of guns from fixed surface sites,

ground vehicles, and air platforms; such as the 5-inch, 54 caliber

guns, ground-based DE systems, and shoulder fired weapons.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

45


RDAT&E/Training


Gun Testing

This scenario involves the testing of guns from fixed surface sites,

ground vehicles, and air platforms. Examples include the 5-inch, 54

caliber naval gun, 20-millimeter (mm) cannon, close-in weapons

system (CWIS), and shoulder fired weapons. This scenario evaluates

the overall weapon system performance, warhead effectiveness, and

software/hardware modifications or upgrades of ground based

weapon systems. Operations may include inert warhead or tactical

all-up round for firing and warhead detonation. Targets used in gun

testing include both fixed and mobile ground targets and various

aerial targets.

Rail Gun

This scenario involves the test of an entirely electrical gun that

accelerates a conductive projectile along a pair of metal rails using the

same principles as the homo-polar motor. Sliding or rolling contacts

permit a large electric current to pass through the projectile. This

current interacts with strong magnetic fields generated by the rails to

accelerate the projectile toward the target. Rail gun testing could also

be categorized under the electromagnetic operational category.

Surface Launched

Weapon Testing

This scenario involves the test of a ground-launched weapon from a

fixed launcher. An example of this scenario is either the launch of a

2.75-inch HYDRA-70 rocket from a stationary launch rail or the test

firing of an MK15 CWIS gun system.

Energetics/Ordnance Operations

Energetics/Ordnance

Tests

This scenario includes test, training, and disposal activities related to

the use of energetic materials, such as propellants and explosives.

Aeroheat and

Materials Evaluation

This scenario involves testing to evaluate the functionality and

suitability of test articles under simulated aerothermal conditions at

supersonic and hypersonic speeds. These tests are conducted at

T-Range.

Air-Breathing Engine

Tests

This scenario involves tests to evaluate the functionality and

suitability of air-breathing propulsion systems at T-Range.

Bullet Impact

This scenario involves the firing of a bullet or other projectile at

munitions, a fuel tank, or other structure to determine the system

response resulting from bullet impact.

Combustion

Characterization

This scenario involves the combustion of solid and liquid fuels, some

with new and novel energetic propellant ingredients, to measure

burning-rate characteristics, temperature sensitivity, the Arrhenius

form of burning-rate law, and the stability behavior in terms of the

Novozhilov parameters.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

46


RDAT&E/Training


Counter-Improvised

Explosive Device (CIED)

Testing

This scenario involves the testing of CIED technologies and

systems in scenarios and situations that are driven by mission

requirements. CIED testing could also be categorized under the

electromagnetics operational category.

Drop Tests

This scenario involves dropping a munitions or weapon system

from a 40-foot height to a hard surface to determine if the article

under test can withstand a drop without inadvertent ignition.

These tests are conducted to ensure the articles can be safely

shipped and can survive being dropped during transit.

Fast Cook-Off

This scenario involves exposing a munitions or weapon system to

the quickly increasing and elevated temperatures experienced

during a fully developed fire. These tests are performed to simulate

the conditions that would be expected during an incident similar

to the 1967 fire aboard the USS Forrestal (CV-59), in which a

flight deck fire spread and caused munitions loaded on fully armed

aircraft to explode and eventually engulf the entire flight deck. The

incident resulted in 134 sailors killed and 167 injured.

Firefighting Agents and

Technique Testing

This scenario involves tests to evaluate the effectiveness of

various fire suppression agents, systems, and techniques in a

simulated flight deck environment. These operations are

conducted at the Fire Science Test Facility (i.e., Mini-Deck).

Fuel Air Explosive

This scenario involves the testing of an explosive weapon that

produces a blast wave of a significantly longer duration than

those produced by condensed explosives. This is useful in

military applications where its longer duration increases the

numbers of casualties and causes more damage to structures.

These thermobaric explosive devices rely on oxygen from the

surrounding air, whereas most conventional explosives consist

of a fuel-oxygen premix (for instance, gunpowder contains 15%

fuel and 75% oxidizer). Thus, on a weight-for-weight basis, they

are significantly more powerful than normal condensed

explosives. Their reliance on atmospheric oxygen makes them

unsuitable for use underwater or in adverse weather, but they

have significant advantages when deployed inside confined

environments such as tunnels, caves, and bunkers.

Fuel Fire This scenario involves the intentional ignition and sustained

burning of fuel-fed fires for testing firefighting systems, fire

detection systems, or other fire control related systems.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

47


RDAT&E/Training


Fuze Testing

This scenario involves the testing of fuzes and safety-arming devices

for a broad range of weapons, such as guided missiles, bombs,

rockets, and other types of ordnance. Fuze types may range from

simple mechanical devices to more sophisticated ignition devices

incorporating mechanical and/or electronic components used in a

proximity fuze for a missile or a M107 artillery shell,

magnetic/acoustic fuze on a sea mine, spring-loaded grenade fuze,

pencil detonator, or anti-handling devices. Safety and arming

devices are tested to ensure they prevent inadvertent arming of the

weapons during shipping and handling.

Isotopic Labeling of

Energetic Materials

This scenario involves the labeling of energetic materials to emit

isotopes that are not within the Department of Energy isotope

production and distribution program. Examples may include C12 or

C14, which are used to isotopically carbon date fossils. These tests

may occur at any open-air detonation facility.

Large- and Small-scale

Detonation

This scenario involves the open-air detonation of energetic materials

to support a broad range of test and training objectives.

Liquid Gun Propellant

This scenario involves the testing of guns that use liquid propellant

in place of traditional gunpowder. Two types of liquid propellant

guns, the bulk loaded and the direct injected regenerative liquid

propellant gun (RLPG), are typically used to evaluate liquid gun

propellants. The bulk loaded liquid propellant gun has a chamber

behind the projectile that is filled completely with liquid propellant.

In the direct injected RLPG, the propellant is pumped through

orifices in a differential area piston during the combustion cycle so

that the rate at which the propellant is injected into the combustion

chamber is controlled.

Open-Air Detonation

This scenario involves methods to dispose of unwanted explosives

and munitions and allows for the environmentally safe disposal of

unexploded ordnance. Tests simulate the combustion/explosion

from their initiation in the facility until the plumes have escaped the

facility and begin interacting with nearby environmental, terrain,

and cultural features.

Open Burn/Open

Detonation (OB/OD)

This scenario involves the treatment and disposal of explosive

hazardous waste. The waste consists of energetic waste generated

from research and development (R&D) laboratory activities as well

as munitions waste (both nonstandard items that are no longer useful

to research, development, acquisition, test and evaluation

[RDAT&E] purposes and standard items that are expired, in excess,

or unsafe). Operations are performed at a permitted facility in Burro

Canyon. The facility allows for the disposal of sizeable quantities of

potentially energetic wastes that cannot be safely transported off

range and must be treated onsite.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_fuze

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M107_projectile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery_shell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetometer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_signature

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_mine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil_detonator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-handling_device

4107ASY00126 Rev B

48


RDAT&E/Training


Propulsion Testing This scenario involves testing of rocket motors for standard size

tactical missiles and large strategic missiles.

Shape-charge Jet

This scenario involves testing explosive charges that are shaped to

focus the effect of the explosive's energy. Shaped charges are

frequently used as warheads in anti-tank missiles, gun-fired

projectiles, rifle grenades, mines, bomblets, torpedoes, and various

types of air, land, and sea-launched guided missiles.

Slow Cook-Off

This scenario involves exposing a munitions or weapon system to

slowly increasing temperatures to determine if it inadvertently

explodes or otherwise malfunctions. These tests are performed to

simulate the conditions that would be expected when exposed to a

low-level fire on the flight deck of a carrier, in a magazine storage

area, or any locations where the munitions or weapon system is

exposed to low-level fire over a period of time.

Surface and Static

Weapons Tests

This scenario involves the evaluation of overall weapon system

performance, warhead effectiveness, and software/hardware

modifications or upgrades of ground based weapon systems. It also

includes fuze and munitions development and lot acceptance testing.

Operations may include inert warhead or tactical all-up round for

firing and warhead detonation.

Sympathetic

Detonation

This scenario involves the intentional detonation of one munition

stored in close proximity to another munition to determine if the

intentional detonation triggers a secondary explosion in the

other munition.

Warhead Testing

This scenario involves warhead performance tests for lethality. Tests

analyze fragment and blast kill mode capacities. Warhead delivery

vehicles include bombs, missiles, and rockets.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

49


RDAT&E/Training


Electromagnetics Operations

Electromagnetic Tests

This scenario involves ground and flight tests that radiate radio

frequency (RF) energy across much of the electromagnetic

spectrum.

Antenna Pattern

Measurement

This scenario involves the testing of a broad range of antennae to

ensure the antenna meets specifications, or simply to characterize

antenna performance parameters such as gain, radiation pattern,

beam width, polarization, and impedance.

Communications

Testing

This scenario involves flight and ground test of clear and secure

internal and external voice communications and components that

provide for the transmission and receipt of digital data required by

information warfare systems. System components include radios,

data links, intercoms, AJ/LPI Appliqués, antennae, data modems,

and communications security equipment.

Counter-Improvised

Explosive Device

Testing

This scenario involves the testing of CIED technologies and

systems in scenarios and situations that are driven by mission

requirements. CIED testing could also be categorized under the

energetics operational category.

Countermeasures

This scenario involves aircraft and ground based testing in a

simulated threat environment to evaluate the effectiveness of

electronic countermeasures (ECM) equipment, such as chaff,

flares, towed and launched infrared (IR) and RF decoys, jammers,

self-defense systems, and other systems designed to counter

electronic threats. These tests may involve the transmission of high

power RF energy and/or the release of chaff, IR decoy flares, RF

decoys, obscurants, or similar nonexplosive stores.

Directed Energy Testing

(HEL and HPM)

This scenario involves the test of:

The HEL weapons designed for area defense, aircraft self-

protection, strategic and tactical missile defense, and

precision strike. Systems may be integrated onto land,

aircraft, and ship platforms. Ship power systems have the

capacity to extend their range and lethality.

High-power microwave (HPM) weapons designed to

provide both anti-electronic and nonlethal antipersonnel

capabilities. Systems may be integrated onto land, aircraft,

and ship platforms. Ship power systems have the capacity

to extend both range and lethality of HPM weapons.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

50


RDAT&E/Training


Electromagnetic

Environmental Effects

(E3) Tests

This scenario tests the impact of the electromagnetic environment

on the operational capability of military forces, equipment,

systems, and platforms. It encompasses all electromagnetic

disciplines, including electromagnetic capability and

electromagnetic interference; electromagnetic vulnerability;

electromagnetic pulse; electrostatic discharge; hazards of

electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and volatile

materials; and natural phenomena effects of lightning and

precipitation static.

Electronic Warfare

This scenario involves aircraft- and ground-based systems

operations to develop defensive and offensive tactics against

enemy weapon systems. These tests require an extensive array of

realistic threat replication or simulation devices to ensure realistic

results. These tests may involve the transmission of high power RF

energy and/or the release of chaff, IR decoy flares, RF decoys, or

similar nonexplosive stores.

Experimental

Electromagnetics

This scenario involves the testing of a broad range of

electromagnetic systems. Tests include radar cross-section (RCS)

measurement, global positioning system (GPS) anti-jam test, and

general electromagnetic testing. RCS tests the vulnerability of

weapons systems to detection, jamming, HPM, and directed

energy systems.

Laser Testing

This scenario involves the use of lasers for a broad range of

applications such as target designation and ranging, defensive

countermeasures, communications, and DE weapons.

Sensor Testing

This scenario involves flight and ground tests to design, develop,

and integrate the broad range of sensors used in aircraft and other

weapons systems. They include acoustic, RF, explosive ordnance,

chemical, and other types of sensors that use current and

emerging technologies.

Signature Measurement

Testing

This scenario involves the use of actual system hardware or

physical models to measure signal data such as RF, RCS, synthetic

aperture radar, ground moving target indicators, electro-optical,

infrared, ultraviolet, visible, laser, acoustic, seismic, magnetic,

exhaust plume characteristics, as well as electromagnetic

emissions or returns.

Track Test Operations

Track Tests

This scenario involves the testing of systems mounted on a sled

capable of operating at speeds ranging from subsonic to

hypersonic. This includes captive flight, ejection seat and terminal

effect testing as well as calibration testing of the track.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

51


RDAT&E/Training


Captive Flight Tests

This scenario involves the test of a weapon system mounted on a sled

to simulate flight conditions. A test article, often a full-scale aircraft

or weapon system, is propelled down track to simulate flight

conditions. These flight conditions can cover a velocity much lower

than seen in other Supersonic Naval Ordnance Research Track

(SNORT) testing, such as terminal effects testing.

Ejection Seat Tests

This scenario involves the test of an ejection seat from a cockpit

section mounted on a rocket-propelled sled. This includes the down-

range movement of the sled, coupled with a secondary, vertical

launch of the ejection seat. The sled velocities are typically subsonic.

Terminal Effects Tests

This scenario involves the test of a weapon system for target

penetration capabilities against a fixed target, often a concrete block,

mounted down-range of the muzzle section of the SNORT track. The

weapon is separated from a propelled sled, which is retarded via a

water brake immediately prior to the muzzle. The weapon is allowed

to transit down-range to impact without the sled.

Fleet Training Operations

Air Combat Training

This scenario involves aircrew training in the art of maneuvering a

combat aircraft to attain a position from which an attack can be made

on another aircraft. It relies on offensive and defensive basic fighter

maneuvering to gain an advantage over an aerial opponent. The use

of dissimilar aircraft in the program furthers the learning process.

Aircrew Training

This scenario includes aircrew proficiency training, functional check

flights, and tactical training of Fleet squadrons, to include static and

moving targets.

Combat Skills

Training

This scenario involves training to prepare explosive ordnance

disposal (EOD) technicians for the combat environment, including

mine resistant ambush protected driving, crew-served weapons

proficiency, urban environment training, and enemy ordnance safety

procedures. Combat skills training is conducted at the Naval

Expeditionary Combat Command Complex located in Darwin Wash.

Ground Troop

Training (GTT)

This scenario involves combat training of ground troops with

emphasis on Special Forces, EOD, expeditionary force, construction

battalion (Seabees), forward deployed air controller, and

reconnaissance. Examples include, but are not limited, to Force

Reconnaissance, Insertion and Extraction, Close Air Support, Fleet

Area Control and Surveillance, OB/OD, Mine Clearance, and other

types of tactical exercises.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

52



4107ASY00126 Rev B

53


APPENDIX B: CLASSES OF LASERS

Table B-1. Laser Safety Classes.

Laser Class

Description

Energy

Emitted Safety Issues Examples

Class 1*

Low powered

devices

considered safe

from all

potential

hazards

Not

applicable

(N/A)

No injury, regardless of

exposure time, to eyes or

skin. No safety measures

necessary.

Laser printers, toys,

compact disc (CD)

players, CD read-

only memory

devices, laboratory

analytical equipment

Class 2*

Low power,

visible light

lasers that

could possibly

cause damage

to a person’s

eyes

<1 milliwatt

(mW)

Usually safe. Eye

protection normally

afforded by the aversion

response (turning away

from a bright light source

or closing or blinking

eyes). If directly viewed

for long periods of time

with no blinking, damage

to eyes could result.

Pointers used in

presentations, toys,

range finding

equipment, aiming

devices

Class

3** Medium Power <500mW

May be hazardous to eyes

under direct and specular

reflection (almost perfect

reflection such as a mirror)

viewing conditions, but is

normally not hazardous.

Laser scanners,

military hand-held

laser rangefinders,

entertainment

light shows, target

illuminators

Class 4 High Power >500mW

Direct beam or specular

reflection is hazardous to

eyes and skin. May pose a

diffuse reflection hazard

(reflected off an imperfect

reflective surface) or fire

hazard. May produce air

pollutants.

Medical surgery,

research, drilling,

cutting, welding,

aircraft target

designator used for

guided weapons,

military laser

weapons

* Class 1M and 2M categories also exist, which have the same parameters as above, except that direct viewing with an optical

instrument such as a telescope could be potentially hazardous.

**Two subcategories exist under Class 3: Class 3R lasers are potentially hazardous if the eye is appropriately focused and stable,

but probability of injury is low; energy emitted is <5mW. Class 3B may be hazardous under direct and specular reflection

viewing conditions; energy emitted is <500mW.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

54



4107ASY00126 Rev B

55


APPENDIX C: CHINA LAKE TARGET TYPES

Table C-1. Range Target Types.

Target Target Description

Aerial Targets

Aerial targets include towed banners and unmanned air platforms ranging from

small hand launched remote controlled planes, subsonic and supersonic aerial

target drones, to full-scale aircraft. Aerial targets may be air or ground

launched and are fired upon or targeted while in the air. These targets are often

recovered intact or with only minor damage after test completion.

Anti-Radiation

Missile (ARM)

Targets

ARM targets are special use targets designed to replicate an enemy surface-

to-air missile (SAM) site. They are typically arranged to visually resemble

a SAM site and are enhanced to emit radio frequency (RF) energy in manner

similar to a real world SAM site.

Bullseye Class

Targets

Bullseye class targets are simple stationary targets. Examples include, but

are not limited to, plywood stands, highway cones, etc.

High Fidelity

Structural

Targets

High fidelity structural targets are robust structures of a broad variety,

typically built to meet specific customer requirements. These targets are

constructed using structural concrete, steel, or other common building

supplies and are used to simulate structures that warfighters must prosecute.

Examples include, but are not limited to, bunkers, smoke stacks, command

centers, etc.

Land Feature

Targets

This type of target includes natural or man-made land features that can be

used as a target or reference point. Examples include, but are not limited to,

previously disturbed land areas, vegetated areas, geotechnical areas, caves,

mines, tunnels, airfields, runways, paved or graded roads, etc. Land features

are typically used to test sensors with unique detection capabilities on a

broad range of earth features. Shapes to simulate improvised explosive

devices, mines, or other threats may be buried in previously disturbed land

areas for such testing. Buried targets may be removed after the test and the

ground restored to original contours or they may be left in place for future

use. Explosive munitions are not commonly used on these types of targets.

Mobile Land

Targets

Mobile land targets include objects moving on land. Examples include, but

are not limited to, a man on horseback, dune buggies, cars, pickup trucks,

tractor-trailer rigs, tanks, other types of on- or off-road vehicles, etc.

Vehicular targets may be manned, unmanned but controlled remotely with

a man in the loop, or operated autonomously using programmed waypoints

or artificial intelligence. Test scenarios may involve a single target, multiple

targets operating simultaneously, or targets in convoy formations. Mobile

land targets can also operate from low to high speeds to simulate evasive

enemy tactics. They may be completely destroyed during a test and end up

as a pile of burning tires, twisted metal, and residual fuel that must be

cleaned up and removed from the range. Special precautions are taken to

4107ASY00126 Rev B

56


Target Target Description

minimize debris and residual petroleum products when these types of targets

are prepared to support a live-fire test.

No Drop Sensor

Targets

No drop targets are typically used to test sensors and are not intended for

actual weapon impact. Sensor targets encompass the electromagnetic and

acoustic spectrums which may include laser targets to calibrate a targeting

system, an array of contrasting colors painted on a surface to test the

discrimination ability of an electro-optical sensor, an array of infrared

sources to test the discrimination ability of thermal sensors, RF sources to

calibrate sensors and seekers, corner reflectors to test radar system

performance, and other types of enhanced target features.

Simple Structural

Targets

Simple structural targets are built to resemble simple elementary structures.

Examples include, but are not limited to, a stack of sea vans or Container

Express (commonly called CONEX) boxes arranged to replicate a threat

shape or a stack of sea vans with a cosmetic fascia, such as a painted

plywood overlay, to simulate a building or structure.

Stationary

Vehicular

Targets

Stationary vehicular targets include any type of vehicle from which all

hazardous liquids, such as oil, gasoline, jet fuel, hydraulic fluid, etc., have

been removed. Examples include, but are not limited to, cars, trucks, boats,

airplanes, etc.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

57


APPENDIX D: CHINA LAKE TARGET AND TEST AREAS

Table D-1. Baker Range Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

High

Explosive

(HE) Use

Baker Range

Operation Area

(Op Area)

General Baker Range N/A Yes

B-1A Historically bladed and cleared area Target Yes

B-1B/B-1C Historically bladed and cleared area; used

as an impact area Target No

B-1D Historically bladed and cleared area Target No

B-1F

Three separated target areas to east of

Lower Baker. Historically bladed and

cleared area used for firebomb studies

Target Yes

B-2

Historically bladed and cleared area;

historically used for airborne tests with

highly explosive warheads; Counter-

Improvised Explosive Device (CIED)

Target Yes

Baker/Brown Rd Linear Feature; CIED Testing Test No

B-3 Historically bladed and cleared area; CIED

testing Target Yes

B-4

Sled track facility, accidental release sled

track facility and target, calibration track,

general purpose test area; CIED,

Unmanned Systems

Test Yes

Baker Blow in

Place (BIP)

Explosive clearance, static testing, and

CIED Target Yes

Condor TC-2 Precision guided munitions (PGM) target Target No

Condor TC-4

Complex PGM target Target No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

58


Name Description

Target/Test

Area

High

Explosive

(HE) Use

Lower Baker Support facilities and target storage area Target Yes

Midas West Paved instrumentation site; static testing Test Yes

Sandy Van PGM target Target No

Table D-2. Charlie Range Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Charlie Range Op

Area General Charlie Range N/A Yes

C-1 Historically bladed and cleared weapon

impact area Target Yes

C-2 Historically bladed and cleared weapon


C-3 #1 Historically bladed and cleared weapon


C-3 #2 Historically bladed and cleared weapon


C-3 SAM Site Air-to-Surface Target Target Yes

FLR-3 Instrumentation Site Target No

North Charlie

Target

Weapon impact area and launch and firing

area Target Yes

4107ASY00126 Rev B

59


Table D-3. George Range Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

George Range General George Range N/A Yes

3”/5” Impact

Areas

Weapon impact areas; along Centerline

Road Target Yes

ALAST Laser guidance and optical system target

used for calibration of instrumentation Target No

Airport Lake

(APL)/VABY

Drop Zone

Equipment Drop Zone Target No

Bullpup

Distributed target complex

Counter-Improvised Explosive Device

(CIED), Unmanned Systems

Target Yes

Burro Canyon

Ordnance test and evaluation (T&E) test

areas and Open Burn/Open Detonation

(OB/OD) Facility

Explosive treatment area

NEW of 50,000lbs

The western section used for warhead

performance testing NEW limit up to

20,000lbs

Test Yes

Drop Zone

Circular cleared and disked weapon impact

area (1 mile diameter)

Parachute impact area Target Yes

East Gunline

400 Acres east of Kennedy Stands along

Centerline Rd

CIED, Unmanned Systems

Target Yes

FAE Cleared weapon impact area. CIED,

Unmanned Systems Target Yes

G-1 Static Testing Test Yes

G-2 Gunline Surface launch facility and weapon impact

area Target Yes

G-6 Surface launch facility Target No

G-9 Cleared and bladed weapon impact area; 3-

foot impact area Target No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

60


Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

GZAP Cleared and bladed weapon impact area Target Yes

Hans Site Paved instrumentation site Test No

J-90

Instrumentation site

Surface-to-surface launch facility

Located at base of Mountain Springs

Canyon Gate; Northeast of Bullpup

Test No

Kennedy Stands Weapon impact area Target Yes

Midas East Paved instrumentation site Test No

Mountain Springs

Canyon Borrow Pit test area Target No

Phalanx

Weapon impact area to west of G6 launch

and gun site also referred to as Deadman

Canyon

Target Yes

PMT West Cleared and bladed weapon impact area;

large pond and well Target Yes

PMT Cleared and bladed weapon impact area;

CIED, Unmanned Systems Target Yes

Pole Target Weapon impact area Target Yes

RAMEX Bullet impact complex; base of Wilson

Canyon Test No

Redeye Complex Weapon impact area Target Yes

Sandia Penetrator test site; located at top of

Wilson Canyon Test Yes

Shrike Distributed target complex

CIED, Unmanned Systems Target No

Sweetwater Wash

Drop Zone located at top of Wilson

Canyon approximately 2.5 miles from

Sandia.

Target No

Tower 11 Gun

Line Large caliber gun firing line station Test No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

61


Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

X-3/Centerline

Road target areas, areas allows high speed

target movement; static, and CIED testing Target Yes

Table D-4. Airport Lake Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

APL

Large target playa with associated

target roads and surrounding area

Parachute Operations Area

Target Yes

Convoy Complex

Weapon impact areas

Counter-Improvised Explosive

Device (CIED), Unmanned

Systems

Target/Test Yes

G-4

Sled Track facility with associated

target areas

Static testing

Maximum net explosive weight

(NEW) of 30,000lbs.

Test Yes

Gun Butts Weapon impact area Target Yes

HABR Multiple weapon impact area Target Yes

Maverick Road

Target road complex and weapon

impact area along the north shore

of Airport Lake. CIED testing

Target/Test Yes

Sam’s Town Large bladed and cleared weapon

impact area with targets Target Yes

Stormville Weapon impact area Target Yes

VABY Weapon impact area and

instrumentation site Target Yes

4107ASY00126 Rev B

62


Table D-5. Supersonic Naval Ordnance Research Track Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

SNORT

Sled track facility target development, and

storage area

Maximum net explosive weight (NEW) of

50,000 lbs.

1) 2,500lbs. NEW North Detonation Site

(Muzzle end)

2) 700 lb. NEW West Target Yard (15K

yard) and VBAR Track

3) 70 lb. NEW Ejection Seat Test Area

Vera testing


(CIED) testing Muzzle to Baker Access Rd

Test Yes

Table D-6. Junction Ranch Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

17 Degree

Lookdown Located near Tennessee Springs Test No

EVR Drop Zone Equipment Drop Zone Target No

GPS Arena

Electromagnetic and general purpose test

site Counter-Improvised Explosive Device

(CIED)

Test No

North 40 Electromagnetic and general purpose test

facility (lined pond on site) Test No

Parrot Peak Instrumentation site Test No

PRFE Site High-power microwave (HPM) Testing Test No

Shot-put Arena Electromagnetic and general purpose test

site Test No

South 40

(including

Etcharren Valley

Road)

Electromagnetic and general purpose test

facility Test No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

63


Table D-7. Coso Range Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Coso Target

Complex

Military target areas

High Elevation Target Area includes

Convoy, tanks, bridge and RR tunnel

Target No

ELOY Site Weapon impact area

CIED, Unmanned Systems Target No

Lower Cactus

Flats

Ordnance/Warhead Detonation Site;


(CIED)

30,000lbs NEW

Test

Yes

Upper Cactus

Flats

Ordnance/Warhead Detonation Site; CIED

200,000lbs. net explosive weight (NEW)

Test

Yes

Table D-8. Coles Flat Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Coles Flat Distributed target complex

CIED Target/Test Yes

CP-42 Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)

Training Area/Weapon Impact Area (located

by Mariposa mine

Test Yes

Drop Zone High altitude simulated drops/recovery zone Target No

Safeway Cleared and bladed weapon impact area

Static/CIED Target/Test Yes

Coles SAM Site Weapon Impact area Target Yes

Ship Site (Wild

Horse Mesa) Weapon impact area Target Yes

4107ASY00126 Rev B

64


Table D-9. Darwin Wash Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Box Canyon

Explosive test arena and electromagnetic

test area; 50 lbs. net explosive weight

(NEW)

Test Yes

Darwin Road Linear road feature for CIED testing Test No

Drop Zone

Located north of EOD facility and China

Gardens Wash to enable training involving

parachuting individuals and equipment

Test No

Explosive

Ordnance

Disposal

Training &

Evaluation Unit

One

(EODTEU-1)

Naval Expeditionary Combat Command

Training Complex Test/Training Yes

Joint Counter-

Improvised

Explosive

Device (IED)

Facility (JCIF)

Joint CIED Interoperability Facility includes

test track made of asphalt & concrete and

instrumentation sites.

Test No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

65


Table D-10. Weapons Survivability Laboratory Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

HIVAS

HIVAS 2

LFT&E

Test site for aircraft live fire

survivability/lethality, aerodynamic, and

cook-off tests, and remote controlled run-up

and operation of aircraft, sea vehicles and/or

missile engines and components; 50 pounds

net explosive weight (NEW)

Test Yes

JCAT

Joint Combat Assessment Team (JCAT)

training area. 350 acres east/southeast of

Weapon Survivability

Training No

K-2 Range Live fire survivability range. Includes HFI

RTS site Test Yes

Mini-Deck

Fire Science Test Facility–provides flight

deck fire environment. Up to 240,000 gallons

per year burned

Test No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

66


Table D-11. Area R Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Area R

Warhead Test Sites, Includes Barricades 1 to

8. NEW:

- 100lbs Barricades 1 and 2

- 150lbs Barricade 6

- 200lbs Barricades 3-5

Test Yes

Burn Room Testing of fire-fighting reagents on small

scale fires Test No

Thompson Lab

Historically used for indoor test range for

scale model weapons–now modified to

office spaces

Test No

Pearson Lab Small Scale Detonation Testing Test Yes

6” Gun Test Small scale detonations/bullet impact testing Test Yes

4107ASY00126 Rev B

67


Table D-12. Randsburg Wash Range Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

5”/54 Gun Impact Located east of the North Tower site

Live fire events Target No

Air Force Electronic warfare (EW) instrumentation

site Test No

Bear EW test complex including

instrumentation and threat placement Test No

Bunker Site EW test site Test No

Bunkers Radar

Site EW test and instrumentation site Test No

C-130 Strip Remote expeditionary airfield and decoy

recovery area Target No

Charlie Airfield

Weapon impact area, Designated Air-Air

decoy backup drop area, energetics,

CIED, Unmanned Systems

Target Yes

Drop Zone Air drop and recovery area north of C-

130 Strip Target No

Farmers Field

Circular target area with middle bladed,

roads for instrumentation placement,

includes transect access roads. CIED,

Unmanned Systems, energetics

Target Yes

Flash Site

UV laser stimulation testing; UAS/UGS

Unmanned Systems; Paved air strip;

counter-improvised explosive device

(CIED) test area

Test No

Fresh Site EW instrumentation site Test No

Fuze Range Proximity fuze range Target Yes

Garcia Site EW test site Test No

Echo 8 EW test site Test No

Gun Range Large caliber gun firing range and target

area Target Yes

HP Drop Zones

Drop zones (Harness Pack project)

initially developed to drop equipment by

parachute; 300 yard radius

Target No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

68


Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Igloo Large scale detonation range Target Yes

Land Sites 1 to 4

EW test site complexes; unmanned aerial

system (UAS)/unmanned ground systems

(UGS); Laser/Optical Target (LS-4)

Test No

MOM EW testing complex, instrumentation

staging; top of Black Mtn. Test No

NATO EW test complex (includes Collimation

Tower) Micro UAS Test No

North Tower Site Targets or ordnance can be suspended

between the towers. Test Yes

Northwest Site Adjacent to Sea Site 3–EW

instrumentation and threats Test No

Parking Lot Signature measurement parking lot with

surrounding track for mobile targets Target No

Photo Knob EW test site–portable units; ground troop

training observation point Target No

Pole Site Located within Bear Town–EW

instrumentation site Test No

South Tower Site EW test site Test Yes

Sea Site -1 EW test complex (includes Collimation

Tower) Test No

Sea Site -2 EW threats and instrumentation test site Test No

Sea Site -3

EW threats and instrumentation (includes

Collimation Tower) northwest of North

Towers

Test No

Starplex Instrumentation and EW threats Test No

TACAN Radar site north of Randsburg Wash

Road (ROTR 5 location) Test No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

69


Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Tower 9 EW test site (at turn off to Flash Site) Test No

TSPI EW test site located east of Sea Site 1 Test No

Unmanned Aerial

Vehicle (UAV)

Test Strip

Remote UAV test strip at Flash site

2,500ft long by 50ft wide paved strip. Test No

Unmanned Aerial

Vehicle (UAV)

Site

UAV airstrip and hangar adjacent to

South Tower site; on road to Superior

Valley

Test No

Wicker Site EW test site Test No

Y-Site Instrumentation site Test No

4107ASY00126 Rev B

70


Table D-13. Mojave B North Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Brown Mountain Instrumentation site Test No

Convoy Complex Weapon impact area

CIED, Unmanned Systems Target/Test Yes

Drop Zones Simulated equipment drops–initially

developed for Harness Pack project Target No

John Site

EW test site–on western side of Wingate

Target area–used for

observation/instrumentation

Target No

Johnson Mine Weapon impact area–East side of Slate

Range near Early Spring Target Yes

Kim Site Developed instrumentation test site

Photovoltaic array at the site Test No

Potts Peak Instrumentation Site Test No

Slate Range

Facility Instrumentation, antenna and camera site. Test No

Straw Peak Instrumentation site Test No

Wingate Airfield GTT training; Simulated airfield target Target Yes

4107ASY00126 Rev B

71


Table D-14. Mojave B South Target and Test Areas.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

PHOTO Target Photo Optical target area Target No

Pyramid Peak Instrumentation Site Test No

Table D-15. Superior Valley Target and Test Area.

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Superior Valley

Target and Training Complex

Targets: AirForce A/B/C, Bullseye, Photo,

Airfield, North Targets Target Yes

Table D-16. Cuddeback Target and Test Areas.*

Name Description

Target/Test

Area

HE Use

Air Strip Paved Airstrip

Unmanned systems Target No

Target Areas Circular Cleared designated target areas Target Yes

4107ASY00126 Rev B

72


Table D-17. Ordnance Test and Evaluation, and Propulsion Laboratory Test Areas.

Test Area Test Area Description HE Use Net Explosive Weight (NEW)

Limits

Aero heat

(T-Range)

Sea-level, air-breathing

engine and aero thermal

test facility

Yes

Energetic Material up to 249lbs

and 5,000lbs

Liquids up to 2,000lbs

Max of 100,000lbs of thrust

CBAT M3 Test

Bay

Contained burn test

chamber Yes

Solid Propellants up to

50,000lbs

Coliseum

(Warhead Test

Arena)

Open detonation and

warhead site Yes

Energetic Material up to

10,000lbs

CT-1* Cook-off and detonation

site Yes


2,000lbs

CT-3* Contained burn test

chamber Yes

Energetic Material up to 200lbs

of Category 1.1 or 400lbs of

Category 1.3

CT-4*

Cook-off, bullet impact,

fragment impact, and drop

tower sites

Yes Energetic Material up to

5,000lbs

CT-6 Gun, open detonation site,

VERA Yes


3,000lbs

Liquid Propellants up to

10,500lbs

Small-Scale

Cook-Off

Facility

Small-scale cook-off Yes 5lbs Categories 1.1, 1.3, or 1.4

Detonation

Mechanics-

Outdoor Firing

Bay

Energetic Testing Yes 15lbs Categories 1.1, 1.3, or 1.4

Test Bays 1, 2,

2A, 3, 6, 7

Boondocks, and

Launch Test

Facility (LTF)

Propulsion and launch test

facilities Yes

Energetic Material up to:

10,000lbs at Bay 2

11,000lbs at Bay 1

205,000lbs at Bays 2A,

3, 6, 7, and Boondocks

500lbs at LTF

Guntub Bay Small scale energetic

testing site Yes 3lbs

Outdoor Firing

Bay B-12510

Small scale energetic

testing site Yes 15lbs

4107ASY00126 Rev B

73


Test Area Test Area Description HE Use Net Explosive Weight (NEW)

Limits

Test Bay 4 Hypergolic

fueling/defueling facility Yes


18,000lbs

Liquids and Hypergolic up to

80,000lbs

Test Bay 8 Plume and propulsion test

site Yes


10,000lbs

*All NEW limits are for Explosives Category 1.1 with the exception of CT-3, Small-Scale Cook-Off Facility, and

Detonation Mechanics–Indoor and Outdoor firing Bay. Control terminal test sites are also permitted for consumption

of various types of fuels.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

74



4107ASY00126 Rev B

75


APPENDIX E: RANGE USE AREAS

Table E-1. China Lake Range Use Area Definitions.

Range Use Area Description

North Range

Airport Lake Range

Occupies approximately 57 square miles in the central portion of the

North Range. This Range use area is a large playa surrounded on three

sides by hills and mountains. Contains the G-4 test track.

Armitage Airfield

Occupies approximately 13 square miles in the southern portion of the

North Range, northwest of Main site. Contains three major runways,

facilities for aircraft maintenance, hangars, ordnance handling and

storage, ground support equipment, and the Range Control Center.

Baker Range Located along the southwestern edge of the North Range.

Cactus Flats Range Occupies approximately 1,157 acres in the northwestern portion of the

North Range. It is located at an approximate elevation of 5,100 feet.

Charlie Range

Located adjacent to the east side of Baker Range and north of Supersonic

Naval Ordnance Research Track (SNORT) along the valley floor of the

North Range.

Coles Flat Range Located in the north central portion of the North Range.

Coso North Range

Occupies approximately 70 square miles in the northwestern corner of

the North Range. Represents a typical wilderness-type combat

environment characterized by rough, mountainous terrain covered with

piñon pine, juniper tree, and brush. This Range use area is located on a

broad mountainous plateau.

Coso South Range

Located south of the Coso North Range. Represents a typical wilderness-

type combat environment characterized by rough, mountainous terrain

covered with piñon pine, juniper tree, and brush. The Range is located

on a broad mountainous plateau.

Coso Geothermal Occupies approximately 26 square miles and is located to the southwest

of the Coso South Range.

Darwin Wash

Located at an elevation of 4,500 feet in the northeastern corner of the

North Range. Contains a major portion of the Naval Expeditionary

Combat Command Training Complex used for combat training of

explosives ordnance disposal technicians and other operational forces.

The Joint Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Facility is also located

within this area.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

76



George Range

Occupies approximately 305 square miles in the eastern portion of the

North Range, in the northeastern portion of the Indian Wells Valley. The

Argus Mountains to the east and Coso Mountains to the north act as

natural buffers for safety and security and ideal vantage points for test

instrumentation. Contains the Weapons Survivability Complex and the

Burro Canyon OB/OD Facility.

Junction Ranch

Occupies approximately 65 square miles in the northeastern part of the

North Range. Etcharren Valley is the center of this range use area.

Surrounding terrain limits visual line of sight into the area, minimizing

security and electro-magnetic interference concerns.

Mainsite


North Range. Contains Station headquarters, principal laboratories, and

most administrative and support functions and is the largest developed

area on-station.

Main Magazines

Occupies approximately 5 square miles in the southeastern portion of the

North Range, south of George Range use area but north of the Propulsion

Laboratories. Composed of ordnance storage, administrative facilities,

and safety areas.

Ordnance Test and

Evaluation

Occupies 90 square miles in the southeastern corner of the North Range.

Contains facilities for safety (i.e., insensitive munitions), propulsion, and

warhead testing. The control terminal test areas and SkyTop are located

within this range use area.

Propulsion

Laboratories

Occupies approximately 15 square miles in the southeast corner of the

North Range. The complex consists of two discrete areas, the China Lake

Propulsion Laboratory and the Salt Wells Propulsion Laboratory, each

with more than 100 buildings and test facilities dedicated to propellant

and explosives testing. The Salt Wells Propulsion Laboratory is also

China Lake’s primary ordnance processing/manufacturing area.

SNORT

Located in the southwestern corner of the North Range. Heavily

instrumented facility with a high-speed test track. This area also includes

sites such as the 15K yard and Vehicle Barrier Track.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

77



South Range

Cuddeback Range The gunnery range has an airstrip and two main target areas.

Mojave B North

Range

Occupies approximately 238 square miles in the northern portion of the

South Range. The Range contains Wingate Airfield.

Mojave B South

Range


South Range. The Eagle Crag mountains are located within this range.

Randsburg Wash

Range

Occupies approximately 282 square miles in the central portion of the

South Range and is on the level floor of an isolated 15-mile-long valley,

bordered by mountains to the north and south (Charlie Airfield located

here).

Superior Valley

Occupies approximately 74 square miles within Mojave B South and is

located on the southern border of the South Range. This range is used

primarily to deliver inert munitions, including practice bombs, rockets,

flare, chaff cartridges, and gun projectiles on static and/or moving targets

and is the most heavily used area for tactical training with air-to-surface

weapon systems for fleet squadrons.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

78



4107ASY00126 Rev B

79


APPENDIX F: SPECIAL PURPOSE RANGES AND FACILITIES

Table F-1. Special Purpose Range and Facilities.

Special Purpose

Range/Facility Description

Burro Canyon

Open Burn/Open

Detonation Facility

The Burro Canyon Open Burn/Open Detonation (OB/OD) Facility

consists of approximately 15 acres of disturbed land in mountainous

terrain of the North Range. Open detonation is the preferred method of

energetic waste treatment and is conducted directly on the ground surface.

Open burns are conducted in an elevated burn pan.

Fire Science Test

Facility

(Mini-Deck)

The Fire Science Test Facility is located in the Weapon Survivability

Laboratory (WSL). The facility simulates a flight deck fire environment

and provides for the testing of new firefighting agents and firefighting

techniques. Permits allow burning up to 240,000 gallons of jet propulsion-

8 (JP-8) fuel per year.

G-4 Track

The G-4 Track is located 16 miles north of SNORT. G-4 overlooks

Airport Lake and is a 3,000-foot long, precisely aligned, heavy-duty dual

rail track. It has a narrower gage rail spacing than SNORT, but is capable

of propelling monorail or dual rail test vehicles with similar speed and

weight limits. The muzzle overlooks a wide, deep valley, which facilitates

ballistic launch trajectories several hundred feet above impact point.

Arrestor gear is available for sled recovery, although most tests involve

launch of the test item. A portable velocity measurement system is used

at this track.

Joint Counter

Improvised

Explosive Device

(CIED) Facility

(JCIF)

Located within Darwin Wash, JCIF conducts the test and evaluation

(T&E) of CIED technologies and systems, and they emulate relevant

threats to provide necessary data in response to mission requirements.

Junction Ranch

Junction Ranch is an isolated outdoor test facility for electromagnetic testing

which is the range's principal mission, along with, acoustics and infrared

(IR) testing, directed energy (DE), radio frequency (RF) communications,

RF phenomenology, and coherent antenna measurements.

Naval

Expeditionary

Combat Command

(NECC) Training

Complex

The NECC Training Complex brings explosive ordnance disposal (EOD),

Naval Coastal Warfare, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support functions,

and Seabees together. NECC integrates all warfighting requirements for

expeditionary combat and combat support elements. This transformation

allows for standardized training, manning, and equipping of sailors who will

participate in the global war on terrorism as part of the joint force. It also

results in more capable, responsive, and effective expeditionary sailors.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

80


Special Purpose


Ordnance T&E

Ranges/Facilities

Ordnance T&E ranges contain several test sites for static testing of solid

propulsion rocket motors and arena testing of highly explosive (HE)

warhead and other explosive devices. Propulsion tests are conducted

within the following sites, including Bay 1, Bay 2, Bay 2A, Bay 3, Bay 4,

Bay 6, Bay 7, Bay 8, Boondocks, and Launch Test Facility. These areas

are collectively known as SkyTop. Bay 6 is the vertical large solid rocket

motor firing area and Bay 7 is the horizontal large solid rocket motor

firing area. The unit also contains facilities for evaluating the reaction of

weapons to various military hazards, such as aircraft fuel fires, bullet

impacts, and drops (accidental displacement during transport). Facilities

are available for testing the reaction of weapons to such various

environmental factors as temperature, humidity, vibration, and salt spray.

Propulsion

Laboratories

The China Lake Propulsion Laboratory (CLPL) and the Salt Wells

Propulsion Laboratory (SWPL) each contain more than 100 buildings and

test facilities dedicated to research, development, acquisition, test and

evaluation (RDAT&E) of propellants and explosives. The SWPL is China

Lake’s primary ordnance processing/manufacturing area. The

CLPL/SWPL areas have a permanent clearance of up to 2,500 feet above

ground level for testing.

Supersonic Naval

Ordnance Research

Track (SNORT)

The SNORT is a 4.1-mile heavy-duty dual rail track capable of propelling

monorail or test vehicles at hypersonic speeds. Test vehicles weighing up

to 136,000 pounds have been tested on the track. Trackside facilities

include a simulated rain field for erosion testing and a series of

poles/towers for suspension of test instrumentation above the rails. The

SNORT mission is to serve government and industry by providing a high-

speed testing capability that allows customer systems to be tested and

evaluated under reliable and controlled dynamic conditions. Typical tests

conducted at the facilities include complex multiple target penetration

using live HE filled warheads, live fuzes, or both; aircrew ejection

systems; bombs, including live HE fill; missiles; rockets; guidance and

fuzing (live, inert, recorder) systems; free-flight terminal ballistics;

environmental; soft recovery; electronic warfare and countermeasures;

vehicle and barrier testing.

Vehicle Barrier

Track (VBAR)

The VBAR is a 100-foot long section of rail secured onto a flat concrete

pad available for testing motorized vehicles against antiterrorist

barricades. Tests typically involve propelling specially adapted vehicles

into barricades at the end of the track (adjacent to the SNORT track).

4107ASY00126 Rev B

81


Special Purpose


Weapons

Survivability

Laboratory (WSL)

The WSL and its surrounding safety zone encompasses eight square miles

in a remote, secure area of the North Range. The facility conducts

survivability and vulnerability testing to provide empirical data on the

vulnerability of aircraft to actual threats. The primary mission is live-fire

T&E of Navy aircraft to prove that the components and/or entire aircraft

is survivable prior to Fleet production. WSL has five fully instrumented

concrete test pads with tie down rails and control rooms. Test activities

conducted include structural response to ballistic impacts, fire-detection

and fire-extinguishing systems, warhead detonations against airframes or

running engines, thermal and structural tests, infrared signature tests,

static and simulated in-flight crew ejections, hostile firing tests, and

aerodynamic studies for flutter, fuzing, aircraft stores separation, and

parachute systems.

4107ASY00126 Rev B

82



4107ASY00126 Rev B

83


APPENDIX G: SUMMARY OF NEPA DOCUMENTATION

Tables G-1 and G-2 summarize NEPA documentation related to the RDAT&E mission executed

at NAWSCL to update this document.

Table G-1. CATEXs Incorporated in Revision A.

Name Serial Date Summary

CIED Gunline

N&S/Wilson Cyn

Rd/JCIF/GPS

arena/Mesa Bldg

PR241/832 11/16/2012 Establish CIED testing areas

Construction Of Two

Test Pads Near Sea

Site 3

PR241/840 11/26/2012 Construction of two test pads

adjacent to Sea Site 3

B-3 Ground Testing PR241/876 12/6/2012 Construct test lane at B-3 area

Establish Pole Target

Area PR241/887 12/12/2012 Establish pole target in G-Range

Expansion of VABY

Target Area PR241/078 1/25/2013 Expansion of VABY target area

Installation of Laser

Target Board at Land

Site 2

PR241/143 2/21/2013 Installation of laser/optical target

at Land Site 2

Darwin Wash

Expansion PR241/175 3/7/2013

Expansion of operation area;

establish drop zone

Air-Air Gunnery

Range (Mojave B) PR241/439 5/30/2013

Use towed banner as target in Air-

Air testing in Mojave B North

UAS operation at

C-130 site PR241/503 6/27/2013

Construct UAS test strip adjacent

to C-130 site

CIED Coso

Range/Darwin Road PR241/565 7/31/2013

CIED testing conducted on

Darwin Road north of Explosive

Ordnance Detachment (EOD)

facility and a segment of road

south from Darwin West Gate.

Airport Lake/Maverick

Rd Expansion PR241/589 8/7/2013

CIED testing at Maverick Rd;

Correct Airport Lake target

boundaries

CIED GPS Test Site PR241/767 11/1/2013 CIED testing at GPS Test Site

G-2 Gunline Static

Testing site PR241/866 12/18/2013

Establish static testing area in G-2

Range

CIED SNORT to Baker

access PR241/872 12/19/2013

CIED testing from SNORT

muzzle north to Baker Access

Road

4107ASY00126 Rev B

84



Bullpup East target

expansion PR241/164 3/12/2014 Expansion of Bullpup East target

Shrike Expansion PR241/289 4/30/2014 Expansion of Shrike target area

CIED Safeway/Coles

Flat 500000D/1687 5/12/2014

Addition of CIED missions to

existing target areas.

CIED Baker/Brown

Rd 500000D/1973 6/2/2014

Addition of CIED mission to

existing road.

CIED Baker/Brown

Rd PR241/403 6/3/2014

CIED testing on Brown Road in

Baker Range.

Parachute operations

Baker/Charlie/

Airport Lake/George

PR241/475 7/7/2014 Establish parachute operational

areas

Bullpup North/South

target mod PR241/492 7/11/2014

Addition of HE capability to

existing Bullpup target area

ELOY expansion PR241/504 7/17/2014

Target expansion and addition of

guided and unguided munition

use, CIED testing, and UAV

operations

Charlie Airfield

expansion PR241/681 10/17/2014

Expand target area and add test

and target activities

FAE

expansion/reconfig PR241/824 12/18/2014



PMT expansion PR241/509 7/25/2014 Expand target area to surround

two existing target sets.

PMT




Convoy North


Expand target area from 2 point

targets to a rectangle that

encompasses both targets. Add

test and target activities

Makani (B-4 Area) PR241/054 1/23/2015

Construction and testing of

Makani system

PR241/230 4/25/2016 Change of project scope

East Gunline Target

establishment PR214/348 5/15/2015

Establish target area and

supported activities

Micro UAS PR241/349 5/15/2015

Launch and recovery of micro

UAS at NATO site

PR241/398 6/2/2014 Use of additional roads for testing

5”/54 gun test PR241/249 4/2/2015

Establishment of test area and

construction of support

instrumentation

500000D/2339 6/24/2015 Support of live fire testing

Farmers Field 500000D/4161 11/10/2015 Establish target area in Pilot

Knob Valley

4107ASY00126 Rev B

85



Flash Site

PR241/309 4/27/2015 Construct UXS systems

integration facility.

PR241/034 1/25/2016 Construct operations strip for

UAS activities

PR241/234 4/2/2013 CIED testing (construction of a

trench)

B-4 test site expansion PR241/373 7/5/2016 CIED/test area/unmanned sys

Table G-2. NEPA Documentation Incorporated in Revision B.


CE Addendum to G2

Gunline Static Testing

500000D/232 10/30/2018 Added surface to surface testing

Final Cuddeback EA DRGO-6256-

2569

May 2019 Adds Cuddeback Range to NAWS

MFR change in land use WR#D52N2219 10/16/2019 Change land use from inert to HE

at G-6 and Midas West

CE, HABR, and PMTC

Target Expansion

PR242/021 1/24/2019 HABR expanded by 8 acres and

PMTC expanded 17 acres

Joint Training

Exercises to include

Helo landing

SMFR 2018-02 6/18/2018 Ground force movements and

observer helo landings.

CE Mountain Shot Test Ser 52F00MD/

2535

5/10/2017 Allow use of West Airport Lake

access road for testing of remotely

controlled target.

CE Expansion of

X3/Centerline Target

Ser 52F00MD/

2865

4/4/2018 Expand X3 1,000ft to North and

2,000ft to south. Expand Centerline

1,000ft to west and 2,000ft to east.

APL Target boundary

modification

SMFR-2020-01 3/17/2020 Modifies APL target area and

allows instrumentation placement

4107ASY00126 Rev B

86



4107ASY00126 Rev B

87


APPENDIX H: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AGL above ground level

ALAST Airborne Laser Aircraft Scoring Target

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APL Airport Lake

ATV All-Terrain Vehicle

BIP Blow in Place

bldg building

CAGE Contractor and Government Entity

CAS close air support

CD compact disc

CE Categorical Exclusion

CIED Counter-improvised Explosive Device

CLPL China Lake Propulsion Laboratory

CLR China Lake Ranges

COIL Closed-cycle Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser

CONEX Container Express

CT central terminal

CWIS Close in Weapons System

Cyn canyon

dB decibel

DE Directed Energy

DRGO Data Repository Group Office

DSN Defense Switch Network

EA Environmental Assessment

e.g. example

EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power

EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal

EODTEU-1 Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training and Evaluation Unit One

EVR Etcheron Valley Range

EW Electronic Warfare

FAE fuel air explosion

FY fiscal year

ft foot/feet

GHz Gigahertz

GPS Global Positioning System

GTT Ground Troop Training

GW Gigawatt

HE High Explosive

HEL High Energy Laser

HFI Hostile Fire Indication

HPM High-power Microwave

i.e. that is

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IR Infrared

ISR Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

4107ASY00126 Rev B

88


JCAT Joint Combat Assessment Team

JCIF Joint Counter- Improvised Explosive Device Facility

JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munition

kHz kilohertz

KIAS Knots Indicated Air Speed

km kilometer

kV kilovolt

lbs pounds

LEIS Legislative Environmental Impact Statement

LFT&E live fire test and evaluation

LS land site

LTF Launch Test Facility

MFR Memorandum for Record

mHz megahertz

MIL-STD Military Standard

MOM Missile on the Mountain

MSL mean sea level

NAVAIR Naval Air Systems Command

NAWCWD Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division

NAWSCL Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake

NDAA National Defense Authorization Act

NECC Naval Expeditionary Combat Command

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NEW Net Explosive Weight

OB/OD Open Burn/Open Detonation

PR problem report

PGM Precision Guided Munitions

PMTC Point Mugu Test Center

PRFE Pulsed Radio Frequency Emitter

R&D Research and Development

RCMP Range Complex Management Plan

RCS radar cross-section

reconfig reconfigure

Rd road

RDAT&E Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation

RF radio frequency

RLPG regenerative liquid propellant gun

ROTR Remotely Operated Tracking Radar

RTS Remote Test Site

SAM surface-to-air missile

SNORT Supersonic Naval Ordnance Research Track

SWPL Salt Wells Propulsion Laboratory

TACAN Tactical Air Navigation

T&E Test and Evaluation

TSPI time space position information

UAS Unmanned Aerial System

4107ASY00126 Rev B

89


UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

UGS Unmanned Ground System

UxS Unmanned Systems

VBAR Vehicle Barrier Track

VSTOL vertical/short takeoff and landing

WSL Weapons Survivability Laboratory

nawcwd operational requirements document...china lake ranges (nawcwd) change control board is...

Documents