navigational model without vna

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SAE international

TECHNICAL PAPERSPaper Number:912730DOI: 10.4271/912730

Citation:

Zhai, S., "An Information Structural Model of VehicleNavigation and Its Implications," SAE TechnicalPaper 912730, 1991, doi: 10.4271/912730.Author(s):

Shumin Zhai - University of Toronto

This paper proposes a simple model to provide a framework for

investigating human behavior with vehicle navigation aids. This modelconsists of planning, decision- making, control, and perception. Decisions are

made by comparing perceived cues from the outside view with the expected

cues from planning. VNA assist mainly in dynamic planning, providing

support and updating to the cognitive map, navigators have of theirenvironment.

VNA aims at assisting drivers in car navigation; human capabilities andvehicle is traveling through.2. It has a capability of locating the current position of the vehicle.

3. There is an algorithm making dynamic suggestions on route selection.

4. It has an interface, which presents the navigation model to the humandriver.

limitations have to be incorporated in VNA designs. To date research in

vehicle navigation has not provided sufficient models to support such designs.

There are many aspects of vehicle navigation with VNA have not beenintensively addressed with models. The interactions between the human

driver, the machine and the natural view of the environment is one of them.

A VNA system is assumed to have at least the following Characteristics1. It has a database of navigation information. The database provides

geographical and other relevant information about the area that the

geographical and other relevant information about the area that thevehicle is traveling through.

2. It has a capability of locating the current position of the vehicle.

3. There is an algorithm making dynamic suggestions on route selection.4. It has an interface, which presents the navigation model to the human


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driver

A MODEL IN TRADITIONAL VEHICLE DRIVING

Fig. 1 shows the basic activities and their information relations in

traditional car driving without VNA. The human driver constantly observes

the environment catching a variety of cues, such as road signs, trees and buildings. The perceived cues are then compared with the expected cues in

drivers memory. The expected cues are created from the drivers planning

activity. When the driver cannot match the perceived cues with the expectedcues for a period of time, he/she is loosing his/her orientation. There are two

basic characteristics of expected cues.

1. These cues are not necessarily clearly recalled information instead; theymight be vague information in the drivers memory. The driver may not

be able to precisely predict the next view. But he can expect some

features that can be recognized when they are seen.

2. These cues are basically discrete. Drivers do not necessarily constantly

expect navigational cues instead they take heed of landmarks asneeded.

In traditional car driving both planning and decision- making are basedon a cognitive map, the drivers mental model of the external world he is

moving through. The perception component has to provide two kinds of

information: Navigational cues mentioned above are guidance cues such asvehicles on the road. To compare and integrate expected cues with the

perceived cues could also be difficult

.

MODEL WITH NAVIGATION AIDS


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Fig. 1. Navigational model without VNA

Fig. 2. Navigational model with VNA

Fig. 2 presents the information structure of vehicle navigation activities

with VNA. In addition to the components in figure 1, another four basic VNAfunctions are added in this model. The route selection algorithm in VNA

makes suggestions according to the electronic database and current vehicle

location. The suggestions and instructions from VNA are presented to thedriver through the display interface. In this new scenario, both planning and

decision processes are based on two channels:

1. Natural view system, supported by the drivers cognitive map.2. VNA dis play supported by an electronic database.

The information from the VNA channel will greatly reduce a drivers

dependence on his cognitive map. Suggestions and instructions form VNAshould change dynamically according to the vehicles current position, which is


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the result of the interactions of the driver, machine and the environment. The

human driver has to integrate natural cues and navigational aids. The

orientation of the electronic map should be in accordance with the vehiclesheading.

navigational model without vna

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