7/21/2019 Nature review of The Man Who Wasn't There

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nature-review-of-the-man-who-wasnt-there 1/2

It bieft fkppcl wfinc ygu krc nchturile.Knn ga k suddcl, ygu fckr ygurscna tknoile=kl kutgpingt vcrsigl ga ygurscna sccbs

tg fkvc tkocl gvcr. Uitf risile pklih, ygustrueenc tg ect ̀ kho il, prkyile tfkt wfkt tfiskutgpingt fks tg sky bkocs sclsc.

Ufg — gr wfkt — is tfc ‖ygurscna ’ tfktdgcs tfc tknoile7 Kld wfg is tfc ‖I’ tfktklxigusny trics tg rcekil hgltrgn7 Krc tfcrctcbpgrkriny twg scnvcs7 Gr is tfcrc stinn ksilenc scna, cxpcriclhcd argb tfc gutsidc7 Ilbgst hkscs, tfc ‖spnit’

dissgnvcs quihony kldygu snip `kho iltg tfcdrivcr’s sckt. Ygu fkvccxpcriclhcd k `ricaspcnn ga dcpcrsglkni-zktigl.

Dcpcrsglknizktiglhkl knsg `c pktfg-ngeihkn, sgbctibcsnilocd tg cpincpsy,kld hkl nkst agr bil-utcs gr cvcl fgurs.Tg shiclhc writcrKlin Klkltfkswkby,

hfrglih typcs ga

dissghiktigl ̀ cngle tg „bknkdics ga tfc scna ‒, ksct ga cxpcriclhcs, hglditigls kld syldrgbcstfkt gaacr k wildgw gl wfkt hglstitutcs k scna.Agr Tfc Bkl Ufg Uksl’t Tfcrc, Klkltfks-wkby iltcrvicwcd pkticlts, psyhfiktristskld lcurgshicltists, hfkrtile fgw tfc scna iskaachtcd il pcgpnc witf kutisb spchtrub dis-grdcr, dcbcltik, cpincpsy gr shfizgpfrclik,kld cxkbilile gut-ga-`gdy cxpcriclhcs,dgppcneälecr fknnuhilktigls kld pfkltgbsclsktigls. Buhf ga tfc `ggo rckds nioc ktrkvcngeuc, kl cxpngrktigl ga tfc arilecs ga

fubkl cxpcriclhcs witf Klkltfkswkby kdcpcldk`nc euidc, ks il fis hcnc`rktcd TfcCdec ga Zfysihs (Ecrknd Duhowgrtf, 0:;:).Fgwcvcr cnusivc tfc cxpcriclhcs bky sccb,fc occps klknysis hngsc tg tfc aildiles gabgdcrl lcurgshiclhc kld psyhfiktry.

Klkltfkswkby fckrs iltibktc, sgbctibcsfckrt`rckoile stgrics k`gut wfkt it bckls tgcxpcriclhc k hglditigl’s sybptgbs. Fc fksk eiat agr wckvile tfcsc tfrguef tfc tchfli-hknitics ga lcurgshicltiaih nitcrkturc. Kutg-`igerkpfics fileile gl hglditigls suhf ksKspcrecr’s syldrgbc kld shfizgpfrclik krcprgniacrktile, ̀ ut tfcrc is nittnc tg ainn tfc vgid

`ctwccl suhf khhgults kld tfc shicltiaih

nitcrkturc. Niloile cxpcriclhcs witf cxpcri-bclts, kld ildividukns witf lub`crs, Klkl-tfkswkby `ridecs tfkt ekp hglvilhileny.

Zgssi`ny tfc bgst fkrrgwile bknkdy ga tfcscna is Hgtkrd’s syldrgbc, il wfihf k pcrsgl,gatcl witf scvcrc dcprcssigl, ̀ cnicvcs tfkt fcgr sfc fks dicd. Klkltfkswkby prcsclts tfchksc ga 46-yckr-gnd Erkfkb. Katcr k akincdkttcbpt tg cnchtrghutc fibscna, fc `chkbchglvilhcd tfkt fc wks `rkil dckd. Xhklssfgwcd scvcrc ngss ga khtivity il tfc argltknkld pkrictkn rceigls ga tfc ̀ rkil — struhturcs

suppgrtile tfc ‖dcakunt bgdc lctwgro’, wfihfknngws glc tg rcbcb`cr kld bkiltkil tfcaccnile tfkt tfcrc is kl ‖I’ tfkt khts kld cxpc-riclhcs. Ilvcstiektgrs spchunktcd tfkt kltidc-prcssklts — gr dcprcssigl — hgund dkbpclkhtivity il tfcsc ̀ rkil krcks ̀ ut fcnd tfkt lci-tfcr fypgtfcsis hgund cxpnkil tfc cxtclt gatfc ngwcrcd bctk`gnisb. Hgtkrd’s syldrgbcis pfingsgpfihknny ulscttnile, ̀ chkusc it qucs-tigls tfc kxigbktihhcrtkilty ga tfc Hkrtc-sikl ‖I tfilo, tfcrcagrcI kb’. Yct, Klkltfks-wkby g`scrvcs, tfcrc

bust stinn `c kl ‖I’ tfkt

L C S P G X H I C L H C

Il tfc ̀ nilo ga kl IDguwc Drkkisbk is ibprcsscd ̀ y k study gl tfc shiclhc ̀ cfild ‖bknkdics ga tfc scna’.

Tfc Bkl UfgUksl’t Tfcrc=Ilvcstiektigls. iltgtfc Xtrklec LcwXhiclhc ga tfc XcnaKLIN KLKLTFKXUKBY

Duttgl= 0:;3

   C   N   G   Y   E   G   B   C   ]   Z   F   G   T   G   E   P   K   Z   F   Y   /   E   C   T   T   Y

8 0 | L K T S P C | Q G N 3 0 4 | 1 K S E S X T 0 : ; 3

@GGOX & KPTXHGBBCLT

 LKTSPC.HGB

Agr bgrc gl shiclhc

il hunturc scc=

lkturc.hgb/

`ggoskldkrts

© 0:;3 Bkhbinnkl Zu`nisfcrs Nibitcd. Knn riefts rcscrvcd

7/21/2019 Nature review of The Man Who Wasn't There

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nature-review-of-the-man-who-wasnt-there 2/2

Xixty Dcerccs Lgrtf= Krguld tfc Ugrnd il Xckrhf ga Fgbc

Bknkhfy Tknnkho ZGNYEGL (0:;3)

Ia ygu agnngw Xfctnkld’s nktitudc ga 1:º L krguld tfc wgrnd, ygu

winn clhgultcr hunturcs „hfknnclecd ̀ y hnibktc, ̀ y nkldshkpc, ̀ y

rcbgtclcss‒. Xg writcs Xfctnkldcr Bknkhfy Tknnkho il tfis pgwcraun

bcbgir dctkinile fgw, ulbggrcd ̀ y fis aktfcr’s dcktf, fc trkvcrscd

tfkt nilc tg cxpngrc ecgerkpfics illcr kld gutcr. Ufctfcr il Knksok’s

Oclki pclilsunk dgdeile ̀ ckrs gr kbgle tfc Cvcl pcgpnc il „fuec,

hgnd kld uttcrny strklec‒ Xi`crik, Tknnkho is agrcvcr tcstile tfc

psyhfgngeihkn dylkbihs ga tfc sclsc ga `cngleile. @kr`krk Oiscr

Zurc Iltcnnieclhc= Tfc Niac ga Uinnikb Fydc Ugnnkstgl

Bcnvyl H. Ssscnbkl SLIQCPXITY GA HFIHKEG ZPCXX (0:;3)

Fc wks hruhikn tg tfc dcvcngpbclt ga hrystknngerkpfy, kld

dishgvcrcd tfc kbilg khid hystilc kld tfc cncbclts pknnkdiub kld

rfgdiub. Yct shicltiaih pgnybktf Uinnikb Fydc Ugnnkstgl (;511‘

;606) is nkrecny agregttcl. Tfis bctihungus `igerkpfy, tfc niac’s wgro

ga nktc hfcbist Bcnvyl Ssscnbkl, rcvckns k bkl ga ildcaktiek`nc

hurigsity kld bctfgdgngeihkn eclius. Ks wc scc Ugnnkstgl hrkatile

klknytihkn ilstrubclts agr Krhtih cxpcditigls, stkrekzile gr sfgwile

shicltiaih writcr Bkry Xgbcrvinnc tfc uscs ga k egligbctcr, wc hkl

glny hglhur witf Ssscnbkl tfkt tfis wks k „bkl wgrtf olgwile‒.

@cfild tfc @ilghunkrs= Iltcrvicws witf Khhnkibcd @irdwkthfcrs

Bkro Kvcry kld Ocitf @cttgl ZCNKEIH (0:;3)

Ufctfcr spgttile egndcl ckencs il Idkfg gr ngle-tkincd tits il

Ngldgl, prgacssiglkn ̀ irdwkthfcrs krc k rkrc ̀ rccd — g`scrvktiglkn

dylkbgs wcddcd tg tfcir hrkat. Uindniac hkbpkielcr Bkro Kvcry kld

`irdwkthfcr Ocitf @cttgl fkvc hkpturcd 0: stgrics (ilhnudile tfcir

gwl) argb @ritisf nubilkrics suhf ks wketkin cxpcrt Xtcpfklic Tyncr

kld ̀ irdcr cxtrkgrdilkirc Ncc Cvkls. Tfis is ̀ gtf k scrigus gvcrvicw

ga tfc aicnd kld k angho ga dcniefts, argb tfc sfgt ga k ygutfaun @cttgl

witf tfrcc ygule sgle tfrusfcs `knklhile gl fis agrckrb tg agld

bcbgrics ga airst `ilghunkrs, wfctfcr Ncihk Sntrkvids gr Xwkrgvsois.

Tfc @nkho Birrgr= Nggoile kt Niac Tfrguef Dcktf

Pkybgld Tknnis YKNC SLIQCPXITY ZPCXX (0:;3)

Dcktf bky ̀ c ulibkeilk`nc, ̀ ut agrbcr ecriktrih spchiknist Pkybgld

Tknnis cxpngrcs it ibkeilktivcny lglctfcncss. Ilspircd ̀ y lgvcnist

C. B. Agrstcr’s nilc argb Fgwkrds Cld (;9;:), „Dcktf dcstrgys k bkl?

tfc idck ga dcktf skvcs fib‒, Tknnis’s bcditktigl gl fis auturc hgrpsc

is k bcsfcd bkrhf ga pfingsgpfihkn busiles kld `knd pfysihkn dctkin.

Ks fc siats k niactibc’s wgrtf ga sclsgry kld cbgtiglkn bcbgry,

Tknnis’s prgsc stuls nioc pgctry — argb tfc „hrkhonile, rc`cnnigus

strcthfile ks pkpcr ̀ knns ulshrulhf‒ tg tfc scna’s hgltiluity dcspitc

tfc „distrkhtcd, buntipnc‒ lkturc ga niac. Clhfkltile.

Oktrilk= Katcr tfc Anggd

Ekry Pivnil XIBGL & XHFSXTCP (0:;3)

Tcl yckrs keg tfis bgltf, Lcw Grnckls nky drgwlile, its ncvccs

`rckhfcd ̀ y tfc stgrb surec argb Furrihklc Oktrilk. Glc binnigl

pcgpnc wcrc dispnkhcd kld, dcspitc acdcrkn prcpkrcdlcss cxcrhiscs,tfc kdbilistrktigl rcspgldcd snueeisfny. Mgurlknist Ekry Pivnil

swccps argb strcct tg ̀ gkrdrggb il tfis fistgry ga tfc katcrbktf,

studdcd witf aieurcs suhf ks pgnkrizile Lcw Grnckls bkygr Pky

Lkeil kld scctfile witf cerceigus pgnitihkn akiniles tfkt dccpclcd

rkhikn ilcquknity durile tfc hity’s rchgvcry. Ks Pivnil sfkrpny rcbilds,

gvcrhgbile diskstcrs is vcry buhf kl issuc ga egvcrlklhc.

cxpcriclhcs tfc dcnusigl ga ̀ cile dckd.Bgrc hgbbgl, `ut cquknny efgstny, krc

pfkltgb cxpcriclhcs. Katcr kbputktigl gak nib`, sgbc pcgpnc stinn accn ithfile gr pkilargb it, prg`k`ny duc tg khtivity il tfc lgw- vkhklt pkrt ga tfcir hgrtihkn ‖bkp’, tfc lcu-rgngeihkn rcprcscltktigl tfkt suppgrts tfcir`gdy ibkec. Ncsscr olgwl is tfc ilvcrsc,

`gdy iltcerity idcltity disgrdcr, il wfihf kpcrsgl accns tfkt kfckntfy `gdy pkrtis agrciel tg tfcb.Tfc disgrdcr bkyhkusc scvcrc sua-acrile. [uitc k acwdcspcrktc pcgpncfkvc tkocl it iltgtfcir gwl fklds tgect rid ga tfc prg`-

ncbktih ̀ gdy pkrt, kld fkvc ̀ ncd tg dcktf.Il k bgvile hfkptcr, Klkltfkswkby

trkvcns witf ‖Dkvid’ tg kl Ksikl surecgl wfg

rcnicvcs fib ga k nce tfkt fks acnt gdd silhchfindfggd. Katcrwkrds, Dkvid ailknny accns ktglc witf fis ̀ gdiny scna. Xwiss lcurgpsyhfgn-geist Zctcr @rueecr sueecsts tfkt k nib` tfktaccns agrciel bky `c tfc rcsunt ga k hgrtihknbkp tfkt lcvcr ilhnudcd it il tfc airst pnkhc.

Tfcrc krc bkly suhf ilvcrsigls il Tfc Bkl Ufg Uksl’t Tfcrc. Tfcy bkoc iltrieu-ile kssghiktigls. Hgund tfc accnile ga k spnitscna il dcpcrsglknizktigl ̀ c tfc ilvcrsc gatfc chstktih accnile ga glclcss witf tfc wgrndsgbctibcs cxpcriclhcd durile kl cpincptihscizurc grieilktile il tfc tcbpgrkn ng`c7(Tfc `rkil rceigl tfkt is fypcrkhtivc dur-ile chstktih scizurcs, tfc kltcrigr ilsunk, isuldcrkhtivc durile hfrglih dcpcrsglknizk-tigl, wfihf sccbs tg pgilt il tfis dirchtigl.)Is tfc ngss ga k scna suppgrtcd `y pcrsglknbcbgrics il Knzfcibcr’s discksc klkngegustg tfc shrkb`nile ga tfc scna il shfizgpfrc-lik7 Kld hgund tfc trgu`nc tfkt sgbc pcgpncwitf kutisb spchtrub disgrdcr fkvc il iltu-itile tfc bcltkn stktcs ga gtfcrs — wfihf fks`ccl hknncd k dcaihiclt tfcgry ga bild — knsghkusc tfc ncss sgpfistihktcd iltrgspchtivcsoinns tfkt tfcy bky fkvc7

Klkltfkswkby dgcs lgt cld witf k nist gahglhnusigls k`gut tfc nghktigl, struhturc grgreklizktigl ga k fypgtfctihkn scna. Glc hgund

fkrdny cxpcht fib tg= bgst ga tfc rcsckrhf isil anux, kld fks ̀ ccl cspchiknny sg silhc tfciltrgduhtigl ga sgpfistihktcd ibkeile tchf-liqucs. Ilstckd, fc eivcs k sclsc ga tfc bklyagrhcs — fgrbglkn, hfcbihkn, psyhfgngeihkn,sghikn — tfkt bgdunktc tfc scna-ks-cxpcri-clhcd. Glc ailisfcs tfc qucst witf k sclsc gapkrkdgx tfkt tfc hglhcpt ga scna, gatcl sccl kscnusivc ia lgt innusgry, is sg cbilcltny suitcd tgtieftclile tfcsc vkrigus lkrrktivc tfrckds.▪

Dguwc Drkkisbk is prgacssgr ga tfc fistgry ga psyhfgngey kt tfc Slivcrsity ga Erglilecl iltfc Lctfcrnklds. Fis nktcst ̀ ggo is Agrecttile.

c-bkin= d.drkkisbkJrue.ln 

„Klkltfkswkbyfckrs iltibktc,sgbctibcsfckrt`rckoilestgrics k`gutwfkt it bcklstg cxpcriclhcsybptgbs.‒

1 K S E S X T 0 : ; 3 | Q G N 3 0 4 | L K T S P C | 8 8

@GGOX & KPTX HGBBCLT

@ggos il ̀ rica

© 0:;3 Bkhbinnkl Zu`nisfcrs Nibitcd. Knn riefts rcscrvcd