nature of light youngeinstein particle (photon)wave wave-particle duality (what does this mean?)
TRANSCRIPT
Nature of Light
Young Einstein
Particle (photon)Wave
Wave-Particle Duality(What does this mean?)
Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
One day Geiger came to and said, “Don’t you think that young Marsden,whom I am training in radioactive methods, ought to begin a small research?” Now I had thought that too, so I said, “Why not let himsee if any alpha particles can be scattered through a large angle?” I maytell you in confidence that I did not believe that there would be, sincewe knew the alpha particle was a very fast massive particle, with a greatdeal of energy, and you could show that if the scattering was due to theaccumulated effect of a number of small scatterings the chance of an alphaparticle being scattered backward was very small.
Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937)
Then I remember two or three days later Geiger coming to me in great excitement and saying, “We have been able to get some ofthe alpha particles coming backwards…” It was quite the mostincredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It wasalmost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it cam back and hit you.
http://waowen.screaming.net/revision/nuclear/rsanim.htm
Atomic Spectra
Hydrogen Helium Mercury Neon
The Hydrogen Spectrum
Johann Jakob Balmer (1825 - 1898)
Johannes Rydberg (1854 – 1919)
WalterRitz (1878 – 1909)
Ritz Combination PrincipleThe sum of the frequencies of two spectral lines equalsthe frequency of a third.
Lyman Lines Balmer Lines Paschen Lines
The Complete Hydrogen Spectrum
Energy Diagram for the Hydrogen Atom
Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
Neils Bohr (1885 – 1962)
Matter Waves
Louis de Broglie (1892 – 1987)
= h/p
L. H. Germer C. J. Davisson
Crystalline Nickel as an Electron Target
…studying electron scattering from a nickel target at Bell Laboratories. After heatingthe target to remove an oxide coating that had accumulated during an accidental break in the vacuum system, they found that the scattered-electron intensity as a function of the scattering angle showed maxima and minima. Their target hadcrystallized, and by accident they had observed electron diffraction.
Physics by Paul A. Tipler
Electron Diffraction Observed in 1927
Electron as “Orbiting” Wave
Constructive Interference Destructive Interference(Standing Wave)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_S7-PDF6Vzc
Quantized “Orbits” Due To Standing Wave Req.
Now What?
Erwin Schrodinger (1887 – 1961)
The wave function contains all possibleinformation about a system, so instead of speaking of “the state described by thewave function ,” we simply say “thestate .”
Quantum Chemistry by Ira N. Levine
What is the Wave Function?
Max Born (1882 – 1970)
Quantum mechanics does not say that an electron isdistributed over a large region of space as a wave isdistributed. Rather, it is the probability patterns(wave functions) used to describe the electron’smotion that behave like waves and satisfy a waveequation.
Quantum Chemistry by Ira N. Levine