Nature of Air Pollution in India

Dr. Sarath Guttikunda

27Cities in Top 100 with the worst air quality

Air Pollution in Indian Cities

WHO (2011, 2013)

27

LudhianaKanpurDelhiLucknowIndoreAgraKolkataFaridabadJabalpur

Air Pollution in Indian Cities

WHO, 2011MumbaiDhanbadAllahabadPatnaMeerutJaipurVaranasiPuneNagpur

BhopalVijayawadaBangaloreRajkotHyderabadVizagSuratAhmedabadNashikPM10

WHO guideline = 20mg/m3

Air Pollution in Indian Cities

GBD 2010 (IHME, 2013) 6th

~695,000 premature deaths

~100,000 from household combustion

Long List of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources

industries

vehicle exhaust

power plants

road dust

domestic fuels

garbage burning

construction

National Transport Emissions2011-12

120 million registered vehicles

More @ http://www.urbanemissions.info

National Transport Emissions2010-30

More @ http://www.urbanemissions.info

National Transport Emissions2010 & 2030

2010

2030

Sectoral Linkages – Power Plants

112 coal-fired power plants

More @ http://www.urbanemissions.info

Coal unloading on to the conveyor belt atNorth Chennai PP

Coal, Ore, Cement, Fertilizers, Salt, Sugar

Road vs. Rail Freight Movement??

Rohtang pass, Himachal Pradesh

Sectoral Linkages – Freight

Chennai, ~550 Pune, ~400 Ahmedabad, ~400

Delhi, ~800

Sectoral Linkages – Brick Kilns

Indo-Gangetic Region

• Transport• Rural biomass cooking• Agricultural• Industries• Brick kilns

PM10

Sectoral Linkages – Brick Kilns

ChennaiHyderabad

Triavndrum

Bhubaneswar

Shimla

Delhi

Pune

Ahmedabad

Chandigarh

Madurai

Pondicherry

Hubli

Guwahati

Bhopal

Kochi

Kanpur

Bangalore

Nagpur

Jaipur

Mumbai

Kolkata

Surat

Varanasi Patna

Agra

Amritsar

Raipur

Bikaner

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

Serv

ice In

dex

(% w

ork

trips

access

ible

in <

15

min

s)Sectoral Linkages – Urban

MoUD, 2008

ChennaiHyderabad

Triavndrum

Bhubaneswar

Shimla

Delhi

Pune

Ahmedabad

Chandigarh

Madurai

Pondicherry

Hubli

Guwahati

Bhopal

Kochi

Kanpur

Bangalore

Nagpur

Jaipur

Mumbai

Kolkata

Surat

Varanasi Patna

Agra

Amritsar

Raipur

Bikaner

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

Serv

ice In

dex

(% w

ork

trips

access

ible

in <

15

min

s)

Agra

Kolkata

Mumbai

Jaipur

Nagpur

Bangalore

Kanpur

Kochi

Bhopal

Guwahati

Hubli

PondicherryMadurai

Chandigarh Ahmedabad

Pune

Delhi

Shimla

Bhubaneswar

Triavndrum

Hyderabad

Chennai

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

% S

hare

of P

ublic

Tra

nsp

ort

Sectoral Linkages – Urban

MoUD, 2008

ChennaiHyderabad

Triavndrum

Bhubaneswar

Shimla

Delhi

Pune

Ahmedabad

Chandigarh

Madurai

Pondicherry

Hubli

Guwahati

Bhopal

Kochi

Kanpur

Bangalore

Nagpur

Jaipur

Mumbai

Kolkata

Surat

Varanasi Patna

Agra

Amritsar

Raipur

Bikaner

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

Serv

ice In

dex

(% w

ork

trips

access

ible

in <

15

min

s)

Agra

Kolkata

Mumbai

Jaipur

Nagpur

Bangalore

Kanpur

Kochi

Bhopal

Guwahati

Hubli

PondicherryMadurai

Chandigarh Ahmedabad

Pune

Delhi

Shimla

Bhubaneswar

Triavndrum

Hyderabad

Chennai

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

% S

hare

of P

ublic

Tra

nsp

ort

ChennaiHyderabad

Bhubaneswar

Panaji

Shimla

Delhi

Pune

Ahmedabad

Chandigarh

Madurai

Pondicherry

Hubli

Guwahati

Bhopal

Kochi

Kanpur

Bangalore

Nagpur

Jaipur

MumbaiKolkata

Surat

Varanasi Patna

Agra

Amritsar

Raipur

Bikaner

Gangtok

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80

% Share of Non-motorized Transport

Serv

ice In

dex

(% w

ork

trips

access

ible

in <

15

min

s)

Sectoral Linkages – Urban

MoUD, 2008

ChennaiHyderabad

Triavndrum

Bhubaneswar

Shimla

Delhi

Pune

Ahmedabad

Chandigarh

Madurai

Pondicherry

Hubli

Guwahati

Bhopal

Kochi

Kanpur

Bangalore

Nagpur

Jaipur

Mumbai

Kolkata

Surat

Varanasi Patna

Agra

Amritsar

Raipur

Bikaner

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

Serv

ice In

dex

(% w

ork

trips

access

ible

in <

15

min

s)

Agra

Kolkata

Mumbai

Jaipur

Nagpur

Bangalore

Kanpur

Kochi

Bhopal

Guwahati

Hubli

PondicherryMadurai

Chandigarh Ahmedabad

Pune

Delhi

Shimla

Bhubaneswar

Triavndrum

Hyderabad

Chennai

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 10 100 1000

Population (in 100,000s)

% S

hare

of P

ublic

Tra

nsp

ort

ChennaiHyderabad

Bhubaneswar

Panaji

Shimla

Delhi

Pune

Ahmedabad

Chandigarh

Madurai

Pondicherry

Hubli

Guwahati

Bhopal

Kochi

Kanpur

Bangalore

Nagpur

Jaipur

MumbaiKolkata

Surat

Varanasi Patna

Agra

Amritsar

Raipur

Bikaner

Gangtok

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80

% Share of Non-motorized Transport

Serv

ice In

dex

(% w

ork

trips

access

ible

in <

15

min

s)

GangtokBikaner

Raipur

Amritsar

Agra

Patna

Varanasi

Surat

Kolkata

Mumbai

Jaipur Nagpur

Bangalore

Kanpur

Kochi

Bhopal

Guwahati

Hubli

Pondicherry

Madurai

Ahmedabad

Pune

Delhi

Shimla

Panaji

Bhubaneswar

Triavndrum

Hyderabad

Chennai

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0 20 40 60 80

% Share of Non-motorized Transport

Congest

ion Index

Sectoral Linkages – Urban

MoUD, 2008

Car moving speeds in Delhi – km/hr

20 min of idling for cars = Rs. 1 crores in fuel losses (~$200,000) per day

Driving time is spent idling for passenger cars

LudhianaDelhiVizag

Goel & Guttikunda, 2013

On-road Idling Pollution

20%

On-road Moving Pollution

Apte et al., 2011

On road measurements from 2010

25%

% vehicle pollution to PM2.5 in Delhi

On road BC to PM2.5 ratio (in 2010)

More @ http://www.urbanemissions.info

National Transport Emissions2010-30

?

More @ http://www.urbanemissions.info

More @

Thank you