naturalists at large: marine vertebrates
DESCRIPTION
Naturalists at Large Marine Vertebrates Slide ShowTRANSCRIPT
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EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT:
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WHAT MAIN CHARACTERISTIC
IS SHARED
BY ALL VERTEBRATES?
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CHORDATE Characteristics:
At some time in life they have: NOTOCHORD, or nerve cord - a rod like structure that supports back.
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IF YOU SAID BACKBONE, YOU ARE CORRECT!
VERTEBRATES ARE MEMBERS OF THE PHYLUM CHORDATO - (from the name notochord)also called Chordates
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Your NOTOCHORD
is your spinal cord - It’s the
connection between the
brain and the nerves
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SOME VERTEBRATES have backbone made of CARTILAGE (connective tissue - softer than bone but still strong!
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•Backbones run down center of back.
•Made up of VERTEBRAE lined up in a row.
•Joints between vertebrae give you flexibility
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EACH VERTEBRAE HAS A HOLE IN IT THAT THE SPINAL CORD GOES THRU - like fingers fit into rings
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COW
FISH
BACKBONE
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The backbone is part of the ENDOSKELETON (internal skeleton). It’s job:
•SUPPORT
•PROTECT
•GIVES BODY SHAPE
•A PLACE FOR MUSCLES TO ATTACH
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Endoskeleton also includes the skull(protects brain as u see in my picture), ribs(protects organs), arm and leg bones (help you move)..but YOU already knew that!
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How can you tell the difference between types of vertebrates?
BODY TEMPERATURE
Fish, amphibians, reptiles are ECTOTHERMS - body temp. changes with environment.
Birds and mammals are ENDOTHERMS - body controls temp by controlling internal heat it produces.
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One last fact about vertebrates:One last fact about vertebrates:
Chordates have slits in their throat called PHARYNGEAL
Most other vertebrates have their
pharyngeal slits disappear before birth.
PHARYNX
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Fish keep these slits all their lives as part of their gills.
PHARYNGEAL SLITS
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FISH
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HOW DO FISH USE THEIR GILLS?
WHAT ARE THE 3 GROUPS OF FISH?
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FISH:FISH:
• vertebrates that live in water
•fins for movement
•ectothermic
•gills to breathe
•have scales - overlapping plates that protect skin
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OBTAINING O2
Fish swim along, open their mouth
& take in H20The H20 moves thru mouth to
gillsgills
GILLSGILLS: feather-like structures - red in color due to blood vessels in them.
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H20 flows over gills O2 moves into blood C02 flows out into H20
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Like all vertebrates, fish have a closed circulatory system. The heart pumps blood
in a loop:
HEART GILLS BODY HEART
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MOVEMENT
FINS: thin membrane
stretched across bony supports
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FEEDING
FISH have highly developed nervous systems and sense organs to help in
capturing food and avoiding predators
Well, not like this…..more like….
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Their eyesight is better than yours (remember there is
less light under water)
Sharks can smell and even taste a tiny amount of blood - as little as one drop- in 115 liters of water!
That is 57.5 two liter sodas!
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AND some fish have taste organs in the most unusual places. Catfish
have taste organs on their whiskers!
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FEEDING
Some fish like the
barracuda have sharp
teeth for stabbing
food
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Others, like trout have short blunt teeth for gripping &
crushing insects
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Filter Feeders like the Basking Shark and Manta Ray use comb-like structures on their gills to filter tiny plants and animals from the water.
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Fish Reproduction
Most fish have external fertilization: as female
releases eggs, male spreads a cloud of sperm
over them.
Some fish like guppies and sharks have internal fertilization: when
the eggs are mature enough to live on their own, female gives birth.
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Biologists classify fish into 3 groups:
Jawless Fishes
•Bony Fishes
•Cartilaginous FishesThey are grouped according to their mouth
structure and type of skeleton
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JAWLESS FISH
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Jawless Fish
•No scales
•skeletons made of cartilage
•one fin (no pairs of fins)
•jawless mouth scrapes, stabs and sucks to get food
Lampreys are eel shaped parasites-use sharp teeth and suction-cup mouth to
feed
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CARTILAGINOUS FISH
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CARTILAGINOUS FISH
Sharks, Rays, Skates
•Skeletons made of cartilage
•Have jaws and pairs of fins
•Pointed, tooth-like scales cover bodies - rougher than sandpaper
•Carnivores
•Rays and Skates live on ocean floor - filter feeders - east mollusks, crustaceans, small fishes
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CARTILAGINOUS FISH - Sharks
•Streamlined bodies for quick movement
•Mouth on bottom part of head
•Jagged teeth arranged in rows - 1st couple rows are for feeding - remaining rows are replacement teeth. If a tooth is lost, one from next row moves up (NO DENTURES EVER NEEDED!)
Sharks
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SHARK TEETH ROWS
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CARTILAGINOUS FISH - Sharks
•Swimming or currents move water over gills
•Spend most of time hunting for food - will attack anything that smells like food.
•Poor eyesight - that is why they swallow strange objects at times.
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BONY FISH
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BONY FISH
Most familiar fish are bony fish: trout, tuna, flounder, salmon,
goldfish, etc.
•Covered with scales
•Pocket on each side of head that holds gills - flap over gills opens to release water
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BONY FISHSwim Bladder and Buoyancy
Fish neither sink or float. They have an organ called a SWIM BLADDER - sac that stabilizes body at different depths. It contains O2, nitrogen & CO2...
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...if the gas is less the fish sinks lower - if it is more the fish moves higher in the water. The change in the gas volume affects the Buoyancy Force - force that water exerts
upward on any underwater object
Swim Bladder and Buoyancy
LESS
MORE
THINK BALLOONS!
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Bony Fish Diversity
•Make up 95% of all fish species
• Live in salt and fresh water
•Some live in deep water and some in shallow