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Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Spatial Fire Management SystemSpatial Fire Management System
Peter Englefield
Canadian Forest Service
Edmonton, Alberta
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
What is SFMS?What is SFMS?
• Fire management information Fire management information systemsystem
• GIS platform (ArcView)GIS platform (ArcView)
• Fire science models (CFFDRS)Fire science models (CFFDRS)
• Daily operationsDaily operations
• Interdependent ArcView Interdependent ArcView extensionsextensions
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
PurposePurpose
• Protection of life, property, valuesProtection of life, property, values
• Spatial informationSpatial information
• Fire danger monitoringFire danger monitoring
• Fire behavior predictionFire behavior prediction
• Preparedness planning Preparedness planning
• Policy setting & reviewPolicy setting & review
• Public awarenessPublic awareness
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
RequirementsRequirements
• Hardware - PC platformHardware - PC platform• SoftwareSoftware
- Windows 95+- Windows 95+
- ArcView 3.1+, Spatial Analyst 1.1+- ArcView 3.1+, Spatial Analyst 1.1+
• Weather dataWeather data- Weather station locations- Weather station locations
- Daily noon observations- Daily noon observations
• Spatial dataSpatial data- Elevation- Elevation
- Fuel types- Fuel types
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
ModulesModules
• Weather (WX)Weather (WX)
• Fire Weather Index (FWI)Fire Weather Index (FWI)
• Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP)Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP)
• Optimal Resource Allocation & Prepositioning (ORAP)Optimal Resource Allocation & Prepositioning (ORAP)
• Wildfire Threat Rating (WTR)Wildfire Threat Rating (WTR)
• Fire Occurrence Prediction (FOP)Fire Occurrence Prediction (FOP)
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Database accessDatabase access
• ODBCODBC
• SQLSQL
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Interpolation Options
• Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)
• Kriging
• Thin plate smoothing spline (Anusplin)
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Elevation adjustmentElevation adjustment
TemperatureTemperature
1. T1. Tseasea = T = Tobsobs - gz - gz
2. Interpolate T2. Interpolate Tseasea
3. T3. Tfinalfinal = T = Tseasea + gz + gz
Relative HumidityRelative Humidity1. log(e1. log(ess) = 9.4041 - (2354 / T)) = 9.4041 - (2354 / T)
2. r = 0.622 * RH * e2. r = 0.622 * RH * ess / p / p
3. Interpolate r3. Interpolate r4. Calculate e and e4. Calculate e and ess by cell by cell
5. RH = e / e5. RH = e / ess
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Interpolation MethodsInterpolation Methods
Inverse DistanceWeighting (IDW)
IDW with elevationadjustment
Anusplin
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Wind field displayWind field display
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Fire Weather Index Fire Weather Index Interpolation/CalculationInterpolation/Calculation
FWI
Weather Stations
Database
ODBC
SFMS
WWW
Fuel types & Elevation
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Fire Weather Index System
Fire Behavior Prediction
System
Weather Topography Fuel type
...predictions of fire spread rate, fuel consumption, and fire intensity
Relative... Quantitative...
Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (FWI)System (FWI)
Fine Fuel Moisture Code
(FFMC)
Duff Moisture Code
(DMC)
DroughtCode(DC)
Initial Spread Index(ISI)
BuildupIndex(BUI)
Fire Weather Index(FWI)
FireWeatherObservations
Fuel Moisture Codes
FireBehavior Indices
TemperatureRelative humidity
Wind SpeedRain
TemperatureRelative humidity
Rain
TemperatureRain
WindSpeed
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
• Scheduled batch processingScheduled batch processing
• Web disseminationWeb dissemination
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Regional Regional ReportingReporting
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Regional ReportingRegional Reporting
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Wildfire Threat RatingWildfire Threat Rating
Fire Risk Fire Behavior
Values at Risk Suppression Capability
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Wildfire Threat RatingWildfire Threat Rating
Options
Add factorsR = w1f1 + w2f2 + …
Multiply factorsR = f1^w1 * f2^w2 * …
Weighted arithmetic meanW = R / (w1 + w2 + …)
Weighted geometric meanW = R ^ (1 / w1 + w2 + …)
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Fire Occurrence PredictionFire Occurrence Prediction
• FOP extension completed in July 2002
• Human-caused FOP (People model)
• Lightning-caused FOP (Sparky and LCFOP models)
• Includes fire and lightning plotter utility
• Includes Wildfire Ignition Probability Prediction (WIPP)
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Fire Occurrence PredictionFire Occurrence Prediction
Human-caused FiresHuman-caused Fires
Ignition models can be combined with historical fire locations to predict the probabilities of human-caused fires.
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Lightning-caused FiresLightning-caused Fires
Lightning Lightning strike locations strike locations and daily fire and daily fire danger maps danger maps are used to are used to predict predict lightning-lightning-caused fires.caused fires.
Fire Occurrence PredictionFire Occurrence Prediction
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Wildfire Ignition Wildfire Ignition Probability PredictionProbability Prediction
• Probability of Probability of sustained sustained ignitionignition
• Model derived Model derived from 2-minute from 2-minute test fire datatest fire data
• Calculation Calculation based on fuel based on fuel types and FWI types and FWI outputsoutputs
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Fire ClimatologyFire Climatology
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Wind RosesWind Roses
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Fire Growth ModelingFire Growth Modeling
Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service
Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts
Thank you
http://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/