Natural Resources and Infrastructure Management for Agriculture

&Food Security in Vietnam

Tran Cong Thang

APEC International Conference

August 6 – 8, 2012Centara Grand at Central World, Bangkok THAILAND

Content

Current situation of food security in Vietnam

Food Availability• While the land for rice

tends to decrease, the total rice cultivated acreage has increased steadily (from 6.04 million ha to 7.6 million ha) and the total output has increased to nearly 20 million tons since 1990.

• Not only provides enough for domestic demand but also surpluses for export and rice export reached the peak in 2011 of about 7 million tons.

Rice planted area and production

Rice export increase (thousand tons)

Structural Turning Point in VN’s National Rice Consumption (Million Tons)

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

Food accessibility

Income growth has contributed remarkably to the improvement of

food accessibility.

Evidence of stable reducing poverty

incidence in Vietnam

Improved nutrition

….but still high undernourished population

Indicator Measure Vietnam Thailand Philippines China Cambodia Myanmar Indonesia

Proportion of Undernourished Population

Percent 11 16 15 10 22 16 13

Number of Undernourished

Millions 9.6 10.8 13.2 130.4 3.0 7.8 29.9

Dietary energy supply (DES)

Kcal/person/day

2770 2530 2520 2970 2250 2440 2540

and have big gap in term of high protein food by income

Monthly expenditure per capita by income quintiles in Vietnam (1: poorest, 5: richest)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1 2 3 4 5

Meat Out of Home Eating Rice Fish Fruit and Veg

Disconnect Between Vietnam’s Rice Surplus and Nutrition-Related Goals

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

<5 Child Stunting Rate (%) Rice Export Volume (000 Tons)

Stability

Vietnam has attained great achievements in ensuring food supply (now and future-even in the worst scenario).... but there are still many factors that affect its stability:•Rising / fluctuated food prices•Natural disaster •Crop competition (due to low profit/high risk…)

01002003004005006007008009001000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1 05

5 05

9 05

1 06

5 06

9 06

1 07

5 07

9 07

1 08

5 08

9 08

1 09

5 09

9 09

1 10

5 10

9 10

FOB $ HCMC urb/kg Can Tho urb/kg

Rice price fluctuation

Some scenarios for climate change and its effects in Vietnam

Sea water: 1mSunk area: 9.1%People affected: 15.6%

Sea water: 1.5Sunk area: 12.2%People affected: 23.9% (20mil)

Policies on Natural Resources and Infrastructure Management for

Agriculture to ensure food supply.

Land policies

Water resources for agriculture production

Setting out comprehensively viewpoint, guiding principles, objectives, missions and implementation measures regarding the protection, exploitation, use and development of water resources

Working out methods for prevention and mitigation of adverse impacts caused by water

Delivery of state responsibilities for related ministries on water sector avoiding conflict, contradictions, gaps, overlaps on regulating functions, duties, power and organizational structure of the ministries.

Infrastructure investment for agriculture

Still limited Investment in agriculture in total investment (bil dong, 1994 price)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Investment in Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Total investment

Govt Objectives• Ensure food supply by continuing to promote intensive rice

production, especially in the Mekong and Red River Delta, creating stable supply sources to ensure national food security in the short and long term.

• Ensure nutritional needs by improving nutritional status towards balanced nutrition and calorie consumption increase to reach the average annual of 2600-2700 Kcal/person and reduce the incidence of malnutrition in children under 5 years old to less than 5% .

• Ensure food accessibility by eliminating food shortage and hunger by 2012 and ensuring that 100% of people everywhere, at all times have enough food.

Policy orientation

Great thanks!