Intr

od

ucti

on

Natural intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI)

History of AI

Characteristics of AI system

AI tasks

AI roots and applications

natural

WHAT A BRAIN CAN DO?

Recognize a ball

Plan

Search solution

Understand speech/language

Diagnose disease

Predict weather

Solve maths problem

Learn

Make decision

Commonsense reasoning……………………………

natural

AI is ….an ‘imitation’ of human intelligence into a

machine

naturalartificial

natural

Not consistent

Cannot be copiedor transferred

High cost

Difficult to bedocumented

Creative

Wider focus

artificial

Consistent

Can be copiedor transferred

Low cost

Can bedocumented

Limited focus

DEFIN

ITIO

N“science and engineering of making

intelligent machines”

“science of making computers DO things

that require intelligence if they are done by humans”

“science of making a computer

REASONin a manner similar to humans”

John McCarthy

Marvin Minsky

Durkin Jackson

DIM

EN

SIO

N Systemthinks

like human

System

acts like human

System

thinks rationally

System acts

rationally

DIM

EN

SIO

N Cognitive Science perspective(thinking process)

Engineering perspective(behavior)

DIM

EN

SIO

NSystem thinks like

human

System acts

like human

System thinks

rationally

System acts

rationally

DIM

EN

SIO

N

Compare system

against real concept of intelligence

Compare system against human

HIS

TO

RY

1st AI winter

LISP

Dartmouth workshop

Period of enthusiasm

Turing test

1st NN computer built

1st commercialization

Rebirth

2nd AI winter

Re-emergence

1966-19731958

1956

1952-19621950

1950

1980

1969-1979

1988

2000s

AI

EV

OLU

TIO

NEmbedded application

Multiple integration

Domain knowledge

General method

Naïve solution

2000 onwards

1990s

1980s

1970s

1960s

This game ends when the interrogator made his guess

Turing machine pass the test if the interrogator fails to recognize with

whom (or with what) he is communicating.

TURING MACHINE

TU

RIN

G

TES

T

1 - Knowledge processing

on(a,b)

on(b,c)

on(c,table)

clear(a)

ABC

CH

AR

AC

TER

IST

IC The birds fly

D VN

VPNP

S

the birds fly

s(np(det(the),noun(birds)),vp(v(fly)))

2 - Focus on heuristic

4 - Possess inference ability

3 - Symbolic processing

5 - Learns

CH

AR

AC

TER

IST

IC

Mundane

Formal

ExpertAI

TA

SK

S

“We may not have full-

functioning robots that cater our

every need, but AI is

embedded in our everyday

lives.”- Computer

WorldAP

PLIC

ATIO

N

“Once tools get far

enough out of the lab,

they’re no longer AI,

just common computer science.”

- Prof. George LugerA

PP

LIC

ATIO

N

Household gadgets

• washing machine• rice cooker• microwave

• vacuum cleaner

AP

PLIC

ATIO

N

Autonomous vehicle

Hi, my name is Stanley

AP

PLIC

ATIO

N

Search engine crawlers

NewsFinder

FlipDog

NetFlix

(natural language processing technology)A

PP

LIC

ATIO

N

Automobile safety system

self-parking

intelligent

cruisecontrol

lanedeparturewarning

AP

PLIC

ATIO

N

Voice response system(IVR)

Speech recognition Natural language understanding

AP

PLIC

ATIO

N

Chatter botJenn

Alex

Eva

Captain Kirk

Alice

George

(natural language processing technology)A

PP

LIC

ATIO

N

Resource allocation problem

Optimizing airport schedule

(genetic algorithm technology)A

PP

LIC

ATIO

N

Credit card fraud detectionFalcon

(neural network technology)

Pap smear screeningFocalPoint

(expert system technology)

AP

PLIC

ATIO

N