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TRANSCRIPT
NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCT
WORKOUT SUPPLEMENTS
This monograph is intended to serve as a guide to industry for the preparation of Product Licence
Applications (PLAs) and labels for natural health product market authorization. It is not intended
to be a comprehensive review of the medicinal ingredients described within.
Notes
Text in parentheses is additional optional information which can be included on the PLA and
product label at the applicant’s discretion.
The solidus (/) indicates that the terms and/or the statements are synonymous. Either term or
statement may be selected by the applicant.
Date May 6, 2016
Proper name(s), Common name(s), and Source material(s)
Group 1: Proteins
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material
Acid casein Acid casein As per NHPID1
Alfalfa protein concentrate Alfalfa protein
concentrate
As per NHPID
Calcium caseinate Calcium caseinate As per NHPID
Calcium sodium caseinate Calcium sodium
caseinate
As per NHPID
Hydrolyzed casein Hydrolyzed casein As per NHPID
Defatted wheat germ protein Defatted wheat germ
protein
As per NHPID
Flaxseed protein Flaxseed protein As per NHPID
Hemp protein concentrate Hemp protein
concentrate
As per NHPID
Hemp protein isolate Hemp protein isolate As per NHPID
Hemp seed protein Hemp seed protein As per NHPID
Casein Micelles Micellar casein As per NHPID
Milk protein concentrate Milk protein
concentrate
As per NHPID
Milk protein isolate Milk protein isolate As per NHPID
Pea protein Pea protein As per NHPID
Potato protein Potato protein As per NHPID
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Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material
Rice protein Rice protein As per NHPID
Rice protein concentrate Rice protein
concentrate
As per NHPID
Sodium caseinate Sodium caseinate As per NHPID
Wheat protein isolate Wheat protein isolate As per NHPID
Whey protein isolate Whey protein isolate As per NHPID
Whey protein concentrate Whey protein
concentrate
As per NHPID
Whey protein hydrolysate Whey protein
hydrolysate
As per NHPID
1NHPID: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database
Group 2: Amino acids
Group 2a: Essential amino acids
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source Ingredient(s)
Source Material(s)
L-Histidine L-Histidine L-Histidine
L-Histidine
L-Histidine
hydrochloride
As per NHPID1
L-Isoleucine L-Isoleucine L-Isoleucine
L-Isoleucine
hydrochloride
As per NHPID
L-Leucine L-Leucine L-Leucine
L-Leucine
hydrochloride
As per NHPID
L-Lysine L-Lysine L-Lysine
L-Lysine acetate
L-Lysine
hydrochloride
Lysine dihydrochloride
As per NHPID
L-Methionine L-Methionine L-Methionine
DL-Methionine
As per NHPID
L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalanine
L-Phenylalanine
methyl ester
DL-Phenylalanine
As per NHPID
L-Threonine L-Threonine L-Threonine
DL-Threonine
As per NHPID
L-Tryptophan L-Tryptophan L-Tryptophan As per NHPID
L-Valine L-Valine L-Valine As per NHPID
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Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source Ingredient(s)
Source Material(s)
L-Valine
hydrochloride
DL-Valine 1NHPID: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database
Group 2b: Non-essential amino acids
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source Ingredient(s)
Source Material(s)
L-Alanine L-Alanine L-Alanine
L-Alanine ethyl ester
hydrochloride
DL-Alanine
As per NHPID1
L-Arginine L-Arginine L-Arginine
L-Arginine
hydrochloride
L-Arginine alpha-
ketoglutarate
L-Arginine
ketoisocaproic acid
DL-Arginine
As per NHPID
L-Asparagine L-Asparagine L-Asparagine As per NHPID
L-Aspartic acid L-Aspartic acid L-Aspartate
Potassium aspartate
Potassium magnesium
aspartate
As per NHPID
L-Cysteine L-Cysteine L-Cysteine
L-Cysteine
hydrochloride
L-Cysteine
hydrochloride
monohydrate
As per NHPID
L-Glutamic acid L-Glutamate/L-
Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
L-Glutamic acid
hydrochloride
Monosodium
glutamate
As per NHPID
L-Glutamine L-Glutamine L-Glutamine
L-Glutamine ethyl
ester
As per NHPID
Aminoacetic acid Glycine Glycine
Glycine hydrochloride
As per NHPID
L-Proline L-Proline L-Proline As per NHPID
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Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source Ingredient(s)
Source Material(s)
L-Serine L-Serine L-Serine As per NHPID
L-Tyrosine L-Tyrosine L-Tyrosine As per NHPID 1NHPID: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database
Group 3: Carbohydrates
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material(s)
D-Fructose D-Fructose As per NHPID1
D-Galactose D-Galactose As per NHPID
D-Glucose Dextrose
(D-)Glucose
As per NHPID
Lactose Lactose As per NHPID
Maltodextrin Maltodextrin As per NHPID
D-Mannose D-Mannose As per NHPID
Solanum tuberosum Potato starch Tuber
Oryza sativa Rice starch Grain/seed
Ribose D-Ribose As per NHPID
Sucrose Sucrose
Sugar
Saccharose
As per NHPID
Triticum aestivum Wheat starch Grain/seed
Zea mays Corn Starch
Starch – Maize
Zea mays starch
Grain/seed
Zea mays Waxy maize starch Grain/seed 1NHPID: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database
Group 4: Ergogenic agents
Group 4a: Non-caffeinated ergogenic agents
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source
material(s)/Ingredient(s)
Calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-
methylbutyrate
CaHMB
Calcium beta-
hydroxy-beta-
methylbutyrate
Synthetic
Levocarnitine L-Carnitine
Levocarnitine
As per NNHPD Levocarnitine
monograph
Creatine monohydrate Creatine monohydrate Synthetic
Eleutherococcus senticosus Eleuthero Root
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Siberian ginseng
Panax ginseng Asian ginseng
Chinese ginseng
Korean (red)
ginseng
Panax ginseng
Red ginseng
Ren shen
Root
Group 4b: Caffeine
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material(s)
Caffeine
Caffeine
As per NHPID1
1NHPID: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database
Group 5: Vitamins and Minerals
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material(s)
As per the NNHPD Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplement monograph
Group 6: Complementary ingredients
Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material(s)/
Ingredient(s)
Malpighia glabra Acerola
Escobillo
Barbados cherry tree
Fruit
Piper nigrum Black pepper Fruit
Beta-Alanine Beta-Alanine As per NHPID1
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-
trimethylethanaminium
Choline As per NNHPD Choline
AbLS
L-Citrulline (L-)Citrulline Citrulline ethyl ester
Citrulline malate
Capsicum annuum Cayenne (pepper)
Chili pepper
Paprika
Red pepper
Fruit
(all-trans)-Lycopene Lycopene As per NNHPD Lycopene
AbLS
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Proper name(s)
Common name(s)
Source material(s)/
Ingredient(s)
(S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid L-Ornithine As per NHPID
Taurine Taurine As per NHPID 1NHPID: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database
Route of administration
Oral
Dosage form(s)
The acceptable pharmaceutical dosage forms include, but are not limited to capsules,
chewables (e.g. gummies, tablets), gels, liquids, powders, strips or tablets.
This monograph is not intended to include foods or food-like dosage forms such as bars,
chewing gums or beverages.
Note
Liquids and solutions are not permitted for products containing Creatine monohydrate, due to
lack of stability of the finished product (Dash and Sawhney 2002).
Use(s) or Purpose(s) Statement(s) to the effect of
Note
See Ingredient Combination section below.
Products containing at least one ingredient from any of Groups 1, 2a, 2b, 3, 4a or 4b, at or above
the relevant minimum doses indicated in the Dose section below:
Workout supplement
Athletic support
Products containing at least one ingredient from Group 1, at or above the minimum dose
indicated in the Dose section below:
Source of protein for the maintenance of good health1 (CFIA 2012).
Source of protein which helps build and repair body tissues (CFIA 2012).
Source of amino acids involved in muscle protein synthesis (IOM 2002).
Assists in the building of lean muscle [tissue/mass] when combined with regular
[weight/resistance] training and a healthy balanced diet (NNHPD 2013).
Products containing at least one ingredient from Group 2a, at or above the respective minimum
dose indicated in the Dose section below:
Source of (an) essential amino acid(s) for the maintenance of good health1 (CNF 2012).
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Source of (an) (essential) amino acid(s) involved in muscle protein synthesis (IOM
2002).
Assists in the building of lean muscle [tissue/mass] when combined with regular
[weight/resistance] training and a healthy balanced diet (NNHPD 2013).
Products containing all three of L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine, at or above the respective
minimum doses indicated in the Dose section below:
Source of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are involved in protein synthesis
(IOM 2002).
Products containing at least one ingredient from Group 2b, at or above the respective minimum
dose indicated in the Dose section below:
Source of (an) amino acid(s) involved in muscle protein synthesis (IOM 2002).
Products containing L-glutamine, at or above a minimum dose of 5 g per day:
:
Helps restore plasma glutamine levels depleted after periods of physical stress (e.g.
prolonged exhaustive exercise) (NHPID 2008b).
Helps to assist in muscle cell repair after exercise (NHPID 2008b; IOM 2002).
Products containing at least one ingredient from Group 3, at or above the minimum dose
indicated in the Dose section below:
Source of carbohydrates to support energy production (IOM 2002).
Source of calories which contributes to weight gain (IOM 2002).
Helps to [maintain performance/promote endurance] in extended (greater than 60 min),
high intensity exercise. (Kerksick et al. 2008).
Products containing at least one ingredient from Group 4a, at or above the relevant minimum
doses indicated in the Dose section below:
Helps increase physical performance during intensive exercise (NNHPD 2013).
Additionally, the following recommended uses may be indicated for products containing
the corresponding medicinal ingredients, at or above the relevant minimum doses
indicated in the Dose section below:
Calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate:
“Enhances muscle strength in previously untrained individuals in
combination with intense resistance training exercise” (NNHPD 2013).
L-Carnitine/Levocarnitine:
Any recommended uses as per the NNHPD L-Carnitine Monograph.
Creatine monohydrate:
Any recommended uses as per the NNHPD Creatine Monohydrate
Monograph.
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Eleuthero/Siberian ginseng:
“Eleuthero/Siberian ginseng is used in Herbal Medicine to help improve
physical performance after periods of physical exertion” (NHPID 2008a).
Panax ginseng:
“(Chinese/Korean/Panax) ginseng is used in Herbal Medicine to help
enhance physical capacity/performance (in cases of physical stress)”
(NHPID 2009).
Products containing caffeine (Group 4b), at or above the minimum dose indicated in the Dose
section below:
Helps (temporarily) to relieve fatigue, to promote endurance, and to enhance motor
performance (Philip et al. 2006; Doherty and Smith 2005; Smith et al. 2005).
Products containing ingredients from Group 5, at or above the minimum doses indicated in the
Dose section below:
As per the NNHPD Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Monograph.
Ingredient Combinations
All ingredients included in this monograph may be combined together, across all Groups, with
the following restriction:
Products containing caffeine must indicate the recommended use or purpose for Group
4b, and may not indicate any recommended uses or purposes with the wording “for the
maintenance of good health”.
Dose(s)
Subpopulation
Adults ( ≥ 18 years)
Quantity(ies)
Note
The minimum doses indicated below must be met only for medicinal ingredients which are
directly supporting any indicated recommended uses or purposes, as per the Use(s) or Purpose(s)
section above.
Group 1 (Proteins):
The potency of protein on a ‘as is’ weight basis is required to be indicated on the Product
License Application and label for each medicinal ingredient from Group 1.
Total amount of protein on a ‘as is’ weight basis from Group 1 in the product:
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2.6-90 g, per day (NHPID 2013a; IOM 2002).
Group 2a (Essential amino acids):
Medicinal
Ingredient
Minimum (mg/day)
Maximum
(mg/day)1
Histidine 49 220
Isoleucine 66.5 1065
Leucine 147 1824
Lysine 133 3000
Methionine 66.5 1000
Phenylalanine 115.5 339
Threonine 70 301
Tryptophan 17.5 220
Valine 84 1194 Note: References for doses are from NNHPD 2013. 1 When combining individual amino acids with protein ingredients, applicants must consider the contribution of the
protein ingredient(s) to the total dose of each amino acid, in order to respect the maximum doses indicated above.
Group 2b (Non-essential amino acids):
Medicinal
Ingredient
Minimum (mg/day)
Maximum (mg/day) 1
Alanine > 0 363
Arginine > 0 9000
Asparagine > 0 93.5
Aspartic acid > 0 1000
Cysteine > 0 1000
Glutamic acid > 0 1500
Glutamine > 0 9000
Glycine > 0 1800
Proline > 0 519
Serine > 0 351
Tyrosine > 0 3600 Note: References for doses are from NNHPD 2013. 1 When combining individual amino acids with protein ingredients, applicants must consider the contribution of the
protein ingredient(s) to the total dose of each amino acid, in order to respect the maximum doses indicated above.
Group 3 (Carbohydrates):
Combined dose for all ingredients from Group 3 in the product:
6.5-180 g, per day, not to exceed 45 g per single dose (Dietitians of Canada 2013).
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Group 4a (Non-caffeinated ergogenic agents):
Medicinal
Ingredient
Minimum (g/day)
Maximum (g/day)
Calcium beta-
hydroxy-beta-
methylbutyrate1
3 6
L-Carnitine As per NNHPD L-
Carnitine monograph
As per NNHPD L-
Carnitine
monograph
Creatine monohydrate As per NNHPD
Creatine monohydrate
monograph
As per NNHPD
Creatine
monohydrate
monograph
Eleutherococcus
senticosus
0.91 6
Panax ginseng 0.5 9 Note: References for doses are from: NNHPD 2013, NHPID 2009a, 2008a; Rowlands and Thomson 2009;
Gallagher et al. 2000a,b.
Group 4b (Caffeine):
100-400 mg, per day, not to exceed 200 mg per single dose (HC 2012).
Note
Maximum daily dose of 1000 mg from NNHPD Caffeine monograph does not apply for
Workout Supplements as this maximum dose is not acceptable for prolonged use.
Group 5 (Vitamins and Minerals):
As per the NNHPD Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Monograph.
Group 6 (Complementary ingredients):
Medicinal Ingredient
Minimum
(mg/day)
Maximum (/day)
Malpighia glabra > 0 48 g
Piper nigrum
(non-extracted powder)
> 0 25 mg
Beta-Alanine > 0 3 g
Choline > 0 1000 mg
Citrulline > 0 3000 mg
Capsicum annuum > 0 650 mg
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Lycopene > 0 30 mg
L-ornithine > 0 1500 mg
Taurine > 0 3 g Note: References for doses are from NNHPD 2013; NHPID 2013b,c,d, 2009b,c; CNF 2012.
Directions for use
Products in powder form:
Mix product well in 1-2 cups of liquid (water, juice, etc.) immediately before consumption.
Products for increasing exercise performance (optional):
Consume 45-90 minutes before exercising (Aragon and Schoenfeld 2013).
Products for repairing body tissues/muscles and restoring plasma glutamine levels (optional):
Consume no later than 90 minutes after exercising (Aragon and Schoenfeld 2013).
Products for endurance based on ingredients from Group 3 (Carbohydrates) (optional):
Consume 30-60 g carbohydrates per hour of high intensity exercise (Saunders et al. 2007; Ivy et
al. 2003).
Duration of use
For products containing Eleutherococcus senticosus:
As per NNHPD Eleuthero monograph.
Products containing Panax ginseng:
As per the NNHPD Panax Ginseng Monograph.
Products providing 0.43-9 g per day of L-Arginine:
If you suffer from a cardiovascular disease, consult your health care practitioner for use beyond 6
weeks.
Risk information Statement(s) to the effect of
Caution(s) and warning(s)
All products:
Ensure to drink enough fluid before, during, and after exercise.
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult a healthcare practitioner before using this
product.
Products containing milk derivatives (such as casein/caseinates, whey and milk proteins):
This product contains milk by-products/derivatives.
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Products containing over 30 g per day total protein and/or amino acids (including β-alanine):
If you have liver or kidney disease, consult a health care practitioner prior to use (Shils et al.
2006).
Products containing caffeine:
As per the NNHPD Caffeine Monograph.
Products containing Cayenne:
As per NNHPD Cayenne Monograph
Products containing L-arginine:
As per the NNHPD L- Arginine Monograph
Products containing L-carnitine:
As per the NNHPD L-carnitine Monograph.
Products containing Panax ginseng:
As per the NNHPD Panax Ginseng Monograph
Products containing Creatine monohydrate:
As per the NNHPD Creatine monohydrate monograph.
Products containing Calcium-HMB:
If you are taking medications for high cholesterol, consult a health care practitioner prior to use
(Nissen et al. 2000). Products containing vitamins and/or minerals:
As per the NNHPD Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Monograph.
Contraindication(s)
Products containing caffeine:
As per the NNHPD Caffeine Monograph.
Products containing L-arginine:
As per the NNHPD L- Arginine Monograph
Products containing Eleutherococcus senticosus:
As per the NNHPD Eleuthero Monograph.
Products containing Panax Ginseng:
As per the NNHPD Panax Ginseng Monograph
Products containing vitamins and/or minerals:
As per the NNHPD Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Monograph.
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Known adverse reaction(s)
Products containing beta-alanine:
May cause a flushing, tingling and/or prickling sensation of the skin, in which case, reduce the
dose. (Harris et al. 2006; Hill et al. 2007; Jordan et al. 2010)
Products containing caffeine:
As per the NNHPD Caffeine Monograph.
For caffeine at or above 200 mg/day:
Caffeine has been shown to reduce blood flow to the heart muscle during exercise which might
lead to cardiovascular complications such as chest pain and irregular heartbeat, even in healthy
individuals. If those symptoms occur discontinue use and consult a health care practitioner
(Higgins 2013).
Products containing Panax ginseng:
As per the NNHPD Panax Ginseng Monograph
Products containing L-arginine:
As per the NNHPD L- Arginine Monograph
Products containing vitamins and/or minerals:
As per the NNHPD Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Monograph.
Non-medicinal ingredients
Must be chosen from the current Natural Health Products Ingredients Database (NHPID) and
must meet the limitations outlined in the database.
Storage conditions
Store in a cool, dry place.
Specifications
The finished product specifications must be established in accordance with the requirements
described in the Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD) Quality
of Natural Health Products Guide.
The medicinal ingredient must comply with the requirements outlined in the NHPID.
References cited
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Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ. Nutrient timing revisited: is there a post-exercise anabolic window?
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2013;10(5).
CFIA 2012 : Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Guide to Food Labelling and Advertising,
Ottawa (ON): Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada. Internet. [Date modified
2013 July 22]. Available from: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/guide-to-food-
labelling-and-advertising/eng/1300118951990/1300118996556
CNF 2012: Canadian Nutrien File (CNF). Nutrition & Healthy Eating, Food and Nutrition,
Health Canada. [Date Modified 2012 April 26]. Available from: http://webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/cnf-
fce/start-debuter.do?lang=eng
Dash AK, Sawhney A. A simple LC method with UV detection for the analysis of creatine and
creatinine and its application to several creatine formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Analysis 2002;29(5):939-945.
Dietitians of Canada 2013. Sports Drinks: Their role in hydration for athletic performance.
[Published 2013 November 12; Accessed 2013 November 10]. Available from:
http://www.dietitians.ca/Nutrition-Resources-A-Z/Factsheets/Sports-Nutrition/Sports-
Drinks.aspx
Doherty M, Smith PM. Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and
after exercise: a meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
2005;15(2):69-78.
Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. Beta-hydroxy-beta-
methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass Medicine & Science in
Sports & Exercise 2000 Dec;32(12):2109-15a
Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. Beta-hydroxy-beta-
methylbutyrate ingestion, part II: effects on hematology, hepatic and renal function. Medicine &
Science in Sports and Exercise 2000 Dec;32(12):2116-9b
Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, Boobis L, Coakley J, Kim HJ, Fallowfield JL, Hill CA, Sale
C, Wise JA. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine
synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids. 2006 May;30(3):279-89.
HC 2012: Caffeine in foods. Health Canada; 2012. [Accessed 2014-04-07]. Available from:
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/addit/caf/index-eng.php
Higgins JP, Babu KM, Caffeine reduces myocardial blood flow during exercise. Am. J. Med
2013: 126(8): 730-e 1-8.
Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, Harris BD, Sale C, Boobis LH, Kim CK, Wise JA. Influence of β-
alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity muscle
capacity. Amino Acids 2007. 32:225-233
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IOM 2002: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary Reference Intakes for
Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Food and
Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 2002.
Ivy JL, Res PT, Sprague RC, Widzer MO. Effect of a Carbohydrate-Protein Supplement on
Endurance Performance During Exercise of Varying Intensity. International Journal of Sport
Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 2003;13:388-401.
Jordan T, Lukaszuk J, Misic M, Umoren J. Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset
of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during treadmill running: Pre/post 2 treatment
experimental design. Journal of the International Society for Sports Nutrition 2010 May 19;7:20.
Kerksick C, Harvey T, Stout J. Campbell B, Wilborn C, Kreider R, Kalman D, Ziegenfuss T,
Lopez H, Landis J, Ivy JL, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand:
nutrient timing. Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition 2008;5:17
NNHPD 2013: Natural Health Products Directorate. Internal evidence on NHPs.
NHPID 2013a: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Monograph: Whey Products.
Drugs & Health Products, Health Canada. Internet [Published 2013 August 22]. Available from:
http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=whey.prod.lactoserum&lang=eng
NHPID 2013b: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Monograph: Black Pepper – Piper
nigrum (Under Consultation). Drugs & Health Products, Health Canada. Internet [Published
2013 October 04]. Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-
bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=blackpepper.poivrenoir&lang=eng
NHPID 2013c: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Monograph: Cayenne – Capsicum
annuum L. Drugs & Health Products, Health Canada. Internet. [Published 2013 September 27].
Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=cayenne&lang=eng
NHPID 2013d: Natural Health Products Ingredient Database. AbLS: Taurine. Drugs & Health
Products, Health Canada. Internet. [Published 2009 September 08]. Available from:
http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=201&lang=eng
NHPID 2009a: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Monograph: Ginseng, Panax.
[Published 2009 November 04]. Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-
bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=146&lang=eng
NHPID 2009b: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Abbreviated Labelling Standard:
Choline. [Published 2009 September 3]. Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-
bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=195&lang=eng
NHPID 2009c: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Abbreviated Labelling Standard:
Lycopene. [Published 2009 September 4]. Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-
bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=198&lang=eng
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NHPID 2008a: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Monograph: Eleuthero. Internet
[Published 2008 March 31]. Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-
bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=81&lang=eng
NHPID 2008b: Natural Health Products Ingredients Database. Monograph: Glutamine, L-.
Internet. [Published 2008 February 11]. Available from: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-
bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=126&lang=eng
Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller J. B-Hydroxy-B-Methylbutyrate
(HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr
2000;130:1937-45.
Philip P, Taillard J, Moore N, Delord S, Valtat C, Sagaspe P, Bioulac B. The effects of coffee
and napping on night time highway driving: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine
2006;144(11):785-791.
Rowlands DS, Thomson JS. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation
during resistance training on strength, body composition, and muscle damage in trained and
untrained young men: a meta-analysis. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2009
May;23(3):836-46.
Saunders MJ. Coingestion of Carbohydrate-Protein during endurance exercise: influence on
performance and recovery. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
2007;17:S87-S103.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, editors. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th
edition. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006.
Smith A, Sutherland D, Christopher G. Effects of repeated doses of caffeine on mood and
performance of alert and fatigued volunteers. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2005;19(6):620-
626.
References reviewed
Cockburn E, Stevenson E, Hayes PR, Robson-Ansley P, Howatson G. Effect of milk-based
carbohydrate-protein supplement on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage. Applied
Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism 2010; 35(3):270-277.
European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims
related to caffeine and increase in physical performance during short-term high-intensity
exercise, increase in endurance performance, increase in endurance capacity and reduction in the
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