natural hazards and disasters chapter 14 hurricanes and nor’easters
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Natural Hazards and Disasters Chapter 14 Hurricanes and Nor’easters. Terminology. Hurricanes : N. Atlantic and E. Pacific Typhoons : W. Pacific, Japan, SE Asia Cyclones : Indian Ocean All are low pressure systems in the tropics Lower winds are tropical depressions or storms. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Natural Hazards and Disasters Chapter 14 Hurricanes and Nor’easters
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Terminology
• Hurricanes: N. Atlantic and E. Pacific• Typhoons: W. Pacific, Japan, SE Asia• Cyclones: Indian Ocean
• All are low pressure systems in the tropics• Lower winds are tropical depressions or
storms
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Formation of Hurricanes
• Rising air and condensation creates convective ‘chimney’ of thunderstorms
• Strong winds inhibit convection • Warm seawater promotes hurricanes• Winds exceed 119 km/hr
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Formation of Hurricanes and Cyclones
• Warm air expands, cools and releases latent heat• Eye is 20oC warmer than surrounding air• Rising air pulls more air into center of hurricane• 160-800 km in diameter• Forward motion averages 25 km/hr• Winds drop abruptly in eye, pressure drops
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Formation of Hurricanes and Cyclones
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Hurricane is a big convection cell
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Areas at Risk
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Areas at Risk
• Northern hemisphere tropical cyclones:– Rotate counterclockwise, track clockwise
• Southern hemisphere tropical cyclones:– Rotate clockwise, track counterclockwise
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Areas at Risk
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Areas at Risk
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Understanding Motion
• Hurricane track is controlled by Coriolus Effect
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Storm Damages
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Storm Damages
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CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4 CAT 5
WIND SPEED
74-95 MPH
96-110 MPH
111-130 MPH
131-155 MPH
>156 MPH
STORM SURGE
4-5 FT 6-8 FT 9-12 FT 13-18 FT
>19 FT
PRESSSURE 980 MBARS
965-979 MBARS
945-964 MBARS
920-944 MBARS
<920 MBARS
SAFFIR-SIMPSON SCALE
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Hurricane Related Hazards
• Storm surge• Wave damage• Wind damage• Rainfall and flooding• Disease and starvation
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HURRICANE-PRODUCED CONDITIONS
• Storm surge - Tropical cyclones cause an increase in sea level, which can flood coastal communities. This is the worst effect, as hurricanes claim 80% of their victims when they first strike shore.