natural gas background

8/11/2019 Natural Gas Background

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Outlines S.U.N Natural Gas Co. Ltd.

What is Natural Gas?

Natural Gas Consumption

Natural Gas Sources

Natural Gas Properties

Natural Gas Uses

Natural Gas Processing

NG Transportation

World Picture of Natural Gas

The future of Natural Gas

Sudan Energy Problems

Sudan Natural Gas

NG Syllabus Initiative

NG Syllabus Proposal

References


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S.U.N Natural Gas Co. Ltd.

S.U.N natural gas company was initiated by the president

delegation to carry out Sudan LNG receiving terminalproject. The company was established in 2013.

CompanysAims

To provide Sudan with new green fuel. Diversity in energy sources.

Secure the energy demand.

Boosting Sudan economy. Meeting the electricity demand growth.

Increasing the industrial production .


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S.U.N Natural Gas Co. Ltd.

Ongoing Projects:

Sudan zero flare program.

Ongoing Research: NGH using Gum Arabic.


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What is Natural Gas?

Natural gas is generally considered a nonrenewable

fossil fuel with methane as main ingredient. NG is colorless, tasteless, and odorless.

Natural gas is recognized as a safe and environmental

responsible fuel and has reduced emissions in manyparts of the world.

Heating value of natural gas usually varies from 700

Btu/scf to 1,600 Btu/scf.[1]

Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas linked to global

warming, is produced from oil and coal at a rate

approximately 1.4 to 1.75 times higher than

production from natural gas.[3]


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Natural Gas Compositions

Natural gas is a hydrocarbon

gas mixture consisting primarilyof methane, but commonly includes

varying amounts of other

higher alkanes and even a lesser

percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen,

and hydrogen sulfide.

Typical Compositions [1]

Typical Compositions [2]


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Natural Gas Sources


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Waste water treatment:

Natural Gas Sources-cont.


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Natural Gas Properties [2]


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Natural Gas Uses In Homes and Commercial Building:

space heating and water heating. It is also

used in stoves, ovens, clothes dryers, lighting

fixtures and air conditioning.

Electrical Power Generation

NG emits 30% less carbon dioxide than

burning oil and 45% less carbon dioxide than

burning coal.[4]

As Raw Material:

Urea, Ammonia, Antifreeze, Plastics,

Pharmaceuticals, Methanol, Butane, Ethane,

Propane, and Acetic acid.

GTL process (gasoline, diesel)


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Natural Gas Uses-cont. As Heating Source:

In making glass, steel, cement, bricks,

ceramics, tile, paper, food products and

many other commodities. Also used for

incineration at many industrial facilities.

Natural Gas as a Vehicle Fuel

Natural gas has significant advantages over

gasoline and diesel fuel. Natural gas vehicles

emit 60-90% less smog-producing pollutants

and 30-40% less greenhouse gas emissions.

It also costs less per mile to operate anatural gas vehicle compared to a gasoline

or diesel vehicle.[4]


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Natural Gas ProcessingThe three basic reasons forprocessing raw natural gas are

the following: Purification: Removal of

materials, valuable or not,that inhibit the use of the gasas an industrial or residential

fuel Separation: Splitting out of

components that have greatervalue as petrochemicalfeedstocks, stand-alone fuels

(e.g., propane), or industrialgases (e.g., ethane, helium)

Liquefaction: Increase of theenergy density of the gas forstorage or transportation.


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NG ProcessingNatural GasProcessing

NG T i


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NG Transportation Pipelines.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Compressed natural gas (CNG).

Gas to solids (GTS): hydrates.

Gas to power (GTP): electricity.

Gas to liquids (GTL): Diesel, or methanol.

Gas to commodity (GTC): cement, iron.


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World Picture of Natural Gas Natural gas is definitely a viable option in bridging the energy gap to

the next century. NG is sustainable because of it is large amount

reserved and supply in increase.


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Trade flows worldwide (million tons)

Major NG trade movements 2012

World Picture of Natural Gascont.


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NG is Political Commodity

World Picture of Natural Gascont.


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The future of Natural Gas

On the supply side, it is growing:

New drilling technology makes it possible to extract quantities ofnatural gas from tight shale formations that were unproductive inthe past.

Compressing natural gas into a liquid (LNG - liquefied natural gas)enables countries without pipeline access to markets to producegas and ship it to distant locations.

New sources of natural gas: coal-bed methane, landfill gas anddeep water drilling.

On the demand side:

Low prices motivate using of natural gas as a replacement fuel.

Some electric utilities can easily switch to natural gas. Favorable for the environment

Emissions legislation could result in a dramatic increase in naturalgas consumption in the electric power industry and other sectors.

Using as a vehicle fuel.


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Sudan Energy Problems

Nowadays, Sudan suffers severe financial crisis with the eminent

demise of 75% of its oil revenues that represented over 90% of

its foreign currency after the secession of its Southern part after

a constitutional referendum.

Industrial production growth rate in Sudan (2012 est.) -28.9%,

the main cause of that the energy sources problem.

The only possible solution will be through finding new energy

source, and replacing the conventional ones with it.

The most important energy sources are: solar, water, nuclear, oil

and natural gas. From these NG is seen as the most appropriate

solution.


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Sudan Natural GasAccording to the Oil & Gas

Journal (OGJ), Sudan and South

Sudan have 5 billion barrels ofproved crude oil reserves as of

January 1, 2013. According to

BP's 2013 Statistical Review,

approximately 3.5 billion barrelsare in South Sudan and 1.5

billion barrels are in Republic of

Sudan.

S d N l G


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Sudans Natural Gas cont. The proven reserves of

associated gas amount tosome 11 billion cubic meters.[source: Ministry of WaterResources & Electricity ofSudan].

The share available forproduction accounts

represents less than a thirdof this amount (approx. 115billion cubic feet or 3.3 billioncubic meter).

There are considerable finds

of natural gas underdevelopment, one being thewell to supply Al Fulaamounting to 130 billioncubic feet or 3.7 billion cubicmeters of gas available forproduction.


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Sudans Natural Gas cont. In addition, there are estimates of 770 billion cubic feet or 22

billion cubic meters of natural gas available in South Kordufan,

at Red Sea and to a small extent in Blue Nile state.[4]


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NG Syllabus Initiative NG is clean and lower price energy sources.

In Associated Gas fields, oil and gas are produced at the same

time. Oil is sold to markets, but gas when infrastructure or local gas

markets do not exist or when GAS is not included in theagreement between the processor and the producer isreleased to atmosphere,

It is either vented (not ignited) or flared (ignited), and the lastone is dominated because of that the global warming potentialof methane is 21 times that of CO2, so each methane moleculewould be 21 times better burnt than vented.

The main reason of the above problems is the absent ofknowledge and clear vision about natural gas.

For these reasons, S.U.N get the initiative of NG

Syllabus.


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NG Syllabus ProposalsS.U.N proposed that NG Syllabus can be in the form of:

Faculty

Part of faculty (Petroleum Engineering, Chemical Engineering,

Clean Energy, Green Engineering etc.)

Courses

Others

This is addition to the companys sponsorship of BSc and MSc

projects related to gas.

Trainings.


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References1. Dr. Boyun Guo and Dr. Ali Ghalambor; Natural Gas Engineering

Handbook; 2nd Edition; Gulf Publishing Company; 2005.

2. Saeid Mokhatab, William A. Poe, James G. Speight, et.al;

HANDBOOK OF NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION AND PROCESSING;

Gulf Professional Publishing; 2006.

3. Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing; Arthur J. Kidnay and

William R. Parrish; Taylor and Francis Group; 2006.

4. Energy Information Administration, USA.


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