DEPARTMANT OF EDUCATIONALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

M.Ed 3rd Semester Presentation

NATURAL HAZARDS AND ITS MANAGEMENT:- TSUNAMI

Presented by:ANSARUL HAQUE

BAKHTYAR GHAZIAMJAD KAMAL

ABUL HASAN

Hazard may be define as ‘a dangerous condition or event that threat or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment’It can be classify into two groups these are –NATURAL HAZARD- All the hazard related to geological, meteorological and biological i.e. causes of natural phenomenon e.g. cyclone, flood, tsunami, volcanic eruption etc.

ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES- Due to human negligence. It associated with industrial, energy generation facilities e.g. explosion, pollution, dam failure, wars, civil strife etc.

HAZARD

TSUNAMI

Tsunami is a example of natural hazard. Tsunami is Japanese word meaning thereby Harbour waves. These waves which often affect distant shore originated by rapid displacement of water from the lake or the sea either by seismic activity, volcanic eruption, land slides or large meteoroid impacts. CAUSES OF TSUNAMIThere have major few causes of tsunami like that 1)Earthquakes, 2)Volcanic eruption, 3) Land slide, EARTHQUAKES- Tsunami are caused by sudden movement of theearth that happened under the sea. These usually occur generally convergent plate boundaries or zone. When two plates are collapse to each other.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION:- Volcanic eruption as a causes of Tsunami when it is erupted on the land or submarine volcano. If the

volcanic eruption happens on land, the tsunami is caused by debris and lava from the volcano flowing into the sea, which once again

causes a bug ripple.

If the eruption happens under water, the enormous power of the eruption sends shudders through the earth and disrupts the water. The

water in the sea then breaks into waves

which travel across the ocean until

they come into contact with a coast.

LANDSLIDES:- Landslides causes

tsunamis when the debris falls into the water. This has the same effect of dropping a large stone into a pool - big ripples are created..

But when this happens in the sea and it is thousands of tonnes of rock and earth falling into the sea a very large ripple, more like a tidal wave is created. This travels across the sea until it comes into contact with land and a tsunami is formed.

Characteristics of Tsunami

Tsunami differs from ordinary ocean waves, which are produced by wind blowing over water. The tsunamis travel much faster than ordinary waves.

Compared to normal wave speed of 100 kilometers per hour, tsunami in the deep water of the ocean may travel the speed of a jet airplane - 800 kilometers per hour!

And yet, in spite of their speed, tsunami increases the water height only 30-45cm and often passes unnoticed by ships at sea.

Contrary to the popular belief, the tsunami is not a single giant wave. It is possible for a tsunami to consist of ten or more waves which is then termed as 'tsunami wave train'.

The waves follow each other 5 to 90 minutes apart. Tsunami normally causes flooding as a huge wall of water enters the main land.

Tsunami Warning System a) International Tsunami Warning Systems:

Shortly after the Hilo Tsunami (1946), the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS) was developed with its operational center at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) near Honolulu, Hawaii.

The PTWC is able to alert countries several hours before the tsunami strikes.

The warning includes predicted arrival time at selected coastal communities where the tsunami could travel in few hours. A tsunami watch is issued with subsequent arrival time to other geographic areas.

b) Regional Warning Systems:

Usually use seismic data about nearby earthquakes to determine if there is a possible local threat of a tsunami.

Such systems are capable enough to provide warnings to the general public in less than 15 minutes.

Tsunami Warning SystemTsunami Warning System

• a) International Tsunami Warning Systems: Shortly after the Hilo Tsunami (1946), the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS) was developed with its operational center at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) near Honolulu, Hawaii.

• The PTWC is able to alert countries several hours before the tsunami strikes.

• The warning includes predicted arrival time at selected coastal communities where the tsunami could travel in few hours. A tsunami watch is issued with subsequent arrival time to other geographic areas.

• b) Regional Warning Systems: usually use seismic data about nearby earthquakes to determine if there is a possible local threat of a tsunami.

• Such systems are capable enough to provide warnings to the general public in less than 15 minutes.

Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warningto Localitie & Civil Defense Authorities

Signboard

TSUNAMIＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ

Central Government

ＴＶ /Radio Station

TSUNAMIＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ

Radio

TV （ Telops, Warning maps ）

TSUNAMI

ＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ

Localgovernment

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Predictability

Tsunamis have occurred in all the oceans and in the Mediterranean Sea, but the great majority of them have occurred in the Pacific Ocean.

Since scientists cannot exactly predict earthquakes, they also cannot exactly predict when a tsunami will be generated.

When warning is issued – low lying areas are evacuated U.S. Coast guard issues warnings over marine frequencies Some places have sirens

Tsunami Warning system

1. International tsunami warning system:

Tsunami warnings for most of the Pacific Ocean are issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), operated by the United States NOAA in Ewa Beach, Hawaii.

NOAA's National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) in Palmer, Alaska issues warnings for the west coast of North America, including Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon and California.

Types of tsunami warning

Regional (or local) warning system centres use seismic data about nearby recent earthquakes to determine if there is a possible local threat of a tsunami.

Such systems are capable of issuing warnings to the general public (via public address systems and sirens) in less than 15 minutes.

2. Regional warning system

POSSIBLE

RISK

REDUCTION

MEASURES:

1. Develop standardized and coordinated tsunami hazard and risk

assessments for all coastal regions of the country and its territories.

2. Improve tsunami and seismic sensor data and infrastructure for

better tsunami detection and warning.

3. Enhance tsunami forecast and warning capability along our

coastlines (Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico) by

increasing the number of Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of

Tsunamis (DART) buoys, tide gauges, and seismic sensors feeding

real-time data into on-line forecast models.

4. Ensure interoperability between Local, National system and other

regional tsunami warning systems.

5. Provide technical expertise and assistance, as appropriate, to

facilitate development of international tsunami and all-hazard

warning systems, including for the Indian Ocean.

6. Encourage data exchange and interoperability among all regional

tsunami and all-hazard warning systems, such as The

Intergovernmental Oceanographic sub-commission for the

Caribbean (IOCARIBE).

7. construction, critical facilities protection and land-use

planning practices to reduce the impact of future

tsunamis.

8. Increase outreach to all communities, including all

demographics of the at-risk population, to raise

awareness, improve preparedness, and encourage the

development of tsunami response.

9. Conduct an annual review of the status of tsunami

research and develop a strategic plan for tsunami research.http://www.sdr.gov/docs/Tsunami%20Risk%20Reduction%20for%20the%20US%20-%20A%20Framework%20for%20Action%202005-12-22.pdf

SAFTEY INSTRUCTIONS FOR TSUNAMI

POSSIBLE RISK REDUCTION MEASURES

SITE SELECTION

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CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY HALL AT HIGHER

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SITE SELECTION

CONSTRUCT THE STRUCTURE ON A HIGH LEVEL

ELEVATE COASTAL HOMES WATER BREAKERS

CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIAL

CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY HALL

WORLD TSUNAMI DAY

TSUNAMI DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RISK REDUCTION