nato
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NATO. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. What is NATO?. A political organization A military organization “NATO’s fundamental role and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its member countries by political and military means.”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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NATO
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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What is NATO?
A political organization
A military organization
• “NATO’s fundamental role and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its member countries by political and military means.”
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Military or defense alliance formed in 1949 by 12 countries in Western Europe and North America
• Original purpose – to protect its members from a possible attack from the Soviet Union (Containment)
• First peacetime alliance in U.S. history
• An alliance of nations with shared values. All members are DEMOCRACIES
• Has been the most important U.S. alliance for the past (almost) 60 years
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Members share common values
Freedom
Rule of law
Individual liberty
Common heritage
Democracy
Solidarity
Well-being
Peace and stability
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Article 5 – Washington Treaty
An armed attack against one or more members considered as an attack against all
This is the bedrock of the treaty
The right to self-defence – Article 51 UN Charter
Operate when and where necessary to fight terrorism
No geographic limitation – foreign ministers at Reykjavik, May 2002
The Principle of Collective Defense
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NATO Treaty – Article 5• “The Parties agree that an armed attack against
one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all…”
• No NATO member was ever attacked during the Cold War – it never had to use its military forces
• The first (and only) time a NATO member was attacked was…• September 11, 2001
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Who is in NATO?• 1949 – 12 Original Members
• U.S. Canada Britain
• France Iceland Portugal
• Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg
• 1952 – A Little Farther from the North Atlantic (Demonstration of Truman Doctrine)
• Greece Turkey
• 1954 – A New Democracy• Germany
• 1982 – Death of Fascist Dictator Franco• Spain
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The NATO Alliance
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The Warsaw Pact• 1955 - The Soviet response to the creation
of NATO• Consisted of the Soviet Union and its six
satellite countries in Eastern Europe• East Germany• Poland• Hungary• Czechoslovakia• Bulgaria• Romania
• The Warsaw Pact no longer exists
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Eastward Expansion• As democracy spread throughout Eastern Europe,
NATO is adding new members• 1999 – Three former Warsaw Pact members were
admitted into NATO• Poland• Hungary• The Czech Republic
• 2002 – Seven former communist states in Eastern Europe added• Estonia• Latvia• Lithuania• Slovenia• Slovakia• Bulgaria
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2002
• How do you think Russia feels about this?
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What NATO Does Today(besides collective defense)
Key areas of practical cooperation
Defence reform and modernization of armed forces
Capabilities for multinational crisis-management operations
Terrorism and new security challenges
Disaster-preparedness and response
Scientific and environmental cooperation
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NATO-Russia Council• NATO-Russia Council
• This was a RAPPROCHEMENT between NATO and Russia
• May 2002 – Both sides signed an agreement
• Russia WILL:• Be given a say at the table with the 26 NATO
members
• Be an “equal partner” in discussions on key topics
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NATO-Russia Council• Russia WILL NOT:
• Be a member of NATO
• Be bound by NATO’s defense pact
• Have a veto over NATO’s decisions
• Have a vote over NATO’s expansion