nato logistics handbook · nato logistics handbook 5a. contract number 5b. grant number 5c. program...

NATO Logistics Handbook

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INTRODUCTION

“According to an old military adage ‘Amateurs talk about strategy, generals talk about logistics’.”

- George J. Church, 1990 -

Th�s Handbook, publ�shed under the ausp�ces of the Sen�or NATOLog�st�c�ans’ Conference (SNLC), �s �ntended as a s�mple gu�de to log�st�cs �nNATO.Itdoesnotattempttoexam�necurrent�ssuesorprov�deanswerstotheproblemsthatlog�st�c�answ�llface,but�trathera�msat�ntroduc�ngthemtosomeofthebas�cpr�nc�ples,pol�c�es,conceptsandorgan�sat�onsw�thwh�chtheyw�llwork.

Th�s �s the first update of the Handbook s�nce 1997. S�nce then,NATOand thesecur�tyenv�ronment �nwh�ch �tmustoperatehaveundergoneprofoundchanges.Thelog�st�csupportconceptsthatarerequ�redtoensurethedeployab�l�tyandsusta�nab�l�tyofNATOforceshavechangedaswell,bear�ngl�ttlesemblancetothoseextant�n1997.Thesenewconceptshavebeenreflected�nth�snewed�t�on.TheAll�ance�sanorgan�sat�onthatcont�nuestoevolvetomeetemerg�ngsecur�tychallengesandNATOlog�st�cpol�c�esandconceptsw�llneedkeeppace.Therefore,thecont�nu�ngusefulnessoftheHandbookw�lldependontheregular�tyof�tsupdat�ng,wh�chw�llbeanongo�ngprocess.Ifanyreaderhassuggest�onsfor�ts�mprovementoramendment,he�saskedtoforwardthemtotheSNLCSecretar�at.

TheNATOLog�st�csHandbook �snota formallyagreeddocument,andshouldnotbequotedasareference.Itdoesnotnecessar�lyrepresenttheoffic�alop�n�onorpos�t�onofNATO,thenat�ons,commandsoragenc�esonallthepol�cy�ssuesd�scussed.

SNLCSecretar�at Internat�onalStaff,DefencePol�cyandPlann�ngD�v�s�on,Log�st�csNATOHQ,1110Brussels

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—I—

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALSOFNATOLOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION................................................. 3

DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Log�st�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Product�onLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 In-Serv�ceLog�st�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ConsumerLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Co-operat�veLog�st�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Mult�nat�onalLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

LOGISTICFUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Mater�el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Serv�ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Log�st�cInformat�onManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Equ�pmentMa�ntenanceandRepa�r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 MovementandTransportat�on(M&T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Recept�on,Stag�ngandOnwardMovement(RSOM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 PetroleumLog�st�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Explos�veOrdnanceD�sposal(EOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 InfrastructureEng�neer�ngforLog�st�cs(IEL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Med�calSupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Contract�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 HostNat�onSupport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

RELATEDFUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 C�v�l-M�l�taryCo-operat�on(CIMIC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 NATOStandard�sat�onandInteroperab�l�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Env�ronmentalProtect�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9A ClassesofSupply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10B AcronymsUsed�nth�sChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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CHAPTER 2 NATOORGANISATIONALFRAMEWORKFORLOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION................................................ 15 NATO’SPol�t�calGoalsandBas�cTasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Dec�s�onMak�ng�nNATO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

NATOPOLITICAL/MILITARYSTRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 TheNorthAtlant�cCounc�l(NACorCounc�l). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 TheDefencePlann�ngComm�ttee(DPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 TheM�l�taryComm�ttee(MC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 TheEuro-Atlant�cPartnersh�pCounc�l(EAPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 TheNATO-Russ�aCounc�l(NRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 TheNATO-Ukra�neComm�ss�on(NUC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 TheMed�terraneanD�alogue(MD)andtheIstanbulCo-operat�onIn�t�at�ve

(ICI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

THENATOHEADQUARTERSSTAFFSTRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 SecretaryGeneral(SG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Internat�onalStaff(IS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Internat�onalM�l�taryStaff(IMS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

NATO’SINTEGRATEDMILITARYCOMMANDSTRUCTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 TheNewNATOCommandStructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

NATOLOGISTICCOMMITTEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 TheSen�orNATOLog�st�c�ans’Conference(SNLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Log�st�cStaffMeet�ng(LSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 MovementandTransportat�onGroup(M&TG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Stand�ngGroupofPartnerLog�st�cExperts(SGPLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Log�st�cInformat�onManagementGroup(LOGIMG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 NATOP�pel�neComm�ttee(NPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Comm�tteeoftheCh�efsofM�l�taryMed�calServ�ces�nNATO(COMEDS)23 NATO-Russ�aAdHocWork�ngGrouponLog�st�cs(NRC(LOG)). . . . . . . . . 24

OTHERNATOLOGISTICBODIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 NATOMa�ntenanceandSupplyOrgan�sat�on(NAMSO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 CentralEuropeanP�pel�neManagementOrgan�sat�on(CEPMO). . . . . . . . 25 B�-SCLog�st�cCo-ord�nat�onBoard(B�-SCLCB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 B�-SCMovementandTransportat�onForum(B�-SCM&TForum) . . . . . . . 26 B�-SCMed�calAdv�soryGroup(B�-SCMEDAG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27A Acronymsused�nth�schapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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CHAPTER 3 THEALLIANCE’SNEWSTRATEGICCONCEPT

ANDFORCESTRUCTURES

THEALLIANCE’SSTRATEGICCONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

NATOMILITARYSTRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 TheNATOCommandStructure(NCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 TheNATOForceStructure(NFS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 GraduatedRead�nessForces(GRF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Comb�nedJo�ntTaskForce(CJTF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 NATOResponseForce(NRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

IMPLICATIONSFORDEPLOYABILITYANDSUSTAINABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . 36 DefenceCapab�l�t�esIn�t�at�ve(DCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 PragueCapab�l�t�esComm�tment(PCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37


CHAPTER 4 DETERMINATIONOFLOGISTICREQUIREMENTS

ANDLOGISTICPLANNING

INTRODUCTION................................................ 41

DEFENCEPLANNINGPROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

NATOLOGISTICSVISIONANDOBJECTIVES(V&O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Introduct�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 TheNATOLog�st�csV&OProcess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 V&OReport�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

FORCEPLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 CombatSupport/CombatServ�ceSupport(CS/CSS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

MANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICINFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 RegulatoryFrameworkforaLog�st�csInformat�onSystemArch�tecture

(LOGIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Log�st�csInformat�onManagementGroup(LOGIMG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Log�st�cFunct�onalServ�ces(LOGFS)Informat�onManagementWork�ng

Group(LOGFSIMWG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

LOGISTICREADINESSANDSUSTAINABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Log�st�cRead�ness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Log�st�cSusta�nab�l�ty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

NATOSTOCKPILEPLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Stockp�leRequ�rements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

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NATOStockp�lePlann�ngGu�dance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

NATOMILITARYCOMMONFUNDEDRESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Introduct�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Sen�orResourceBoard(SRB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 InfrastructureComm�ttee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 M�l�taryBudgetComm�ttee(MBC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 NATODefenceManpowerComm�ttee(NDMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 TheMed�um-TermResourcePlan(MTRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Capab�l�tyPackages(CPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 CPDefin�t�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 CPDevelopmentandSubm�ss�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 CPApproval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 CPImplementat�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 NATOSecur�tyInvestmentProgramme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 TheM�l�taryBudget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

STANDARDISATIONANDINTEROPERABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Introduct�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Defin�t�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 A�m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Pr�nc�plesofNATOStandard�sat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 TheNATOStandard�sat�onProcess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 NATOStandards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 NATOStandard�sat�onOrgan�sat�on(NSO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Serv�ceBoards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61


CHAPTER 5 OPERATIONALLOGISTICPLANNING

INTRODUCTION................................................ 67

KEYPLANNINGDOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

LOGISTICSSUPPORTGUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

LOGISTICPLANNINGCONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mult�nat�onalLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mult�nat�onalJo�ntLog�st�cCentre(MJLC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 MovementPlann�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Med�calPlann�ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 SupplyandMa�ntenancePlann�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 RoleofHostNat�onalSupport(HNS)�nLog�st�cSupportPlann�ng. . . . . . 69 InfrastructurePlann�ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

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Contract�ngandFund�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Part�c�pat�onofNon-NATONat�ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Conclud�ngtheOperat�on/Exerc�ses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Co-ord�nat�onw�thNSEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Co-ord�nat�onw�thInternat�onalOrgan�sat�ons(IOs)andNonGovernmental

Organ�sat�ons(NGOs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 PhasesoftheOperat�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Recept�on,Stag�ngandOnwardMovement(RSOM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

FORCEGENERATIONPROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Comb�nedJo�ntStatementOfRequ�rements(CJSOR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Cr�s�sEstabl�shment(CE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

LOGISTICREPORT(LOGREP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

CIVILSUPPORTTOTHEMILITARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 ExamplesofPotent�alPB&CSupporttoM�l�tary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72A Acronymsused�nth�schapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73B Jo�ntStaffStructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

CHAPTER 6 NATOLOGISTICPOLICIESANDCONCEPTS

INTRODUCTION................................................ 79

HIERARCHYOFLOGISTICPOLICIESANDDOCTRINE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 NATOLog�st�cPol�cy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 NATODoctr�ne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 All�edJo�ntLog�st�cDoctr�ne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 All�edLog�st�cPubl�cat�ons(ALP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Log�st�cTact�cs,Techn�quesandProcedures(TTPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NATOLog�st�csPlann�ngGu�dance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

NATOPOLICYFORCO-OPERATIONINLOGISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NATOConceptforCo-operat�on�nLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

NATOPRINCIPLESANDPOLICIESFORLOGISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

LOGISTICPRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Collect�veRespons�b�l�ty....................................... 83 Author�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Pr�macyofOperat�onalRequ�rements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Cooperat�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Coord�nat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 AssuredProv�s�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Suffic�ency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

—VI—

Effic�ency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Flex�b�l�ty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 V�s�b�l�tyandTransparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

LOGISTICPOLICIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Respons�b�l�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Author�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Log�st�cPlann�ng�nDefencePlann�ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Log�st�cPlann�ng�nOperat�onalPlann�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Log�st�cCommandandControl(C2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Log�st�cRead�nessandSusta�nab�l�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Cooperat�on�nLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Red�str�but�onofLog�st�cResources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Mult�nat�onalLog�st�cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fund�ng/ResourcesProv�s�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 C�v�lResources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 L�feCycleSupport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88


CHAPTER 7 MULTINATIONALLOGISTICS

NATO’SLOGISTICSUPPORTCONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

SUPPORTFORTHENATORESPONSEFORCE(NRF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 MC525–Log�st�cSupportConceptforNRFOperat�ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 MC551–Med�calSupportConceptforNRFOperat�ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

THEMULTINATIONALJOINTLOGISTICCENTRECONCEPT:AJP-4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

MODESOFMULTINATIONALLOGISTICS:AJP-4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 LeadNat�onLog�st�cSupport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 RoleSpec�al�stNat�onLog�st�cSupport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Mult�nat�onalSupportArrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 CommonlyFundedLog�st�cResources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Mult�nat�onalIntegratedLog�st�cSupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 A�rcraftCross-Serv�c�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 LocalContract�ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

CONTRACTORSUPPORTTOOPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 AdvantagesofContractorSupporttoOperat�ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Plann�ngforContractorSupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

—VII—

FormsofPlannedContract�ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Fund�ngContractorSupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Respons�b�l�tyforPlann�ngContractorSupport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Author�tyoverContractedCapab�l�t�es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Funct�onsThatCouldBePerformedByContractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 StatusandUseofContractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Mult�nat�onalCooperat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Operat�onalPlann�ngCons�derat�onforContractorSupport . . . . . . . . . . 105 Integrat�onofContractorCapab�l�t�es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 ContractManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

COMPONENTSUPPORTCONCEPTS–(ALP-4.1,4.2,4.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Mar�t�meSupportConcept:ALP-4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 LandForcesSupportConcept:ALP-4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 A�rForcesSupportConcept:ALP-4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

LOGISTICSUPPORTTOCRISISRESPONSEOPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

ANNEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109A Acronymsused�nth�schapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

CHAPTER 8 HOSTNATIONSUPPORT(HNS)

INTRODUCTION............................................... 115

DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

NATOCONCEPTFORHNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

LEGALASPECTSOFHNSARRANGEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

HNSPRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

HNSPLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

HNSPOLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Pol�c�esSpec�fictotheNATOCommander. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Pol�c�esSpec�fictotheSend�ngNat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Pol�c�esSpec�fictotheHostNat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

CAPABILITYDATABASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

LOCALCONTRACTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

CIVIL-MILITARYCO-OPERATION(CIMIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122


—VIII—

CHAPTER 9 MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONSUPPORT

INTRODUCTION............................................... 127

MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONPRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONPOLICIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 GeneralPol�c�es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 M&TPlann�ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Pol�cyonC�v�lSupporttotheM�l�tary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Pol�cyonM�l�tarySupporttoC�v�lOperat�ons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Pol�cyonResourceAcqu�s�t�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Pol�cyonCommand,ControlandCommun�cat�ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

M&TTASKSANDRESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 NATOHeadquarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Strateg�cCommands(SCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 TheNat�ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134


CHAPTER 10 PETROLEUMSUPPORT

INTRODUCTION............................................... 139

CIVILPREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

BULKDISTRIBUTIONANDSTORAGEOFFUELSINTHENPS. . . . . . . . . 140

EXPEDITIONARYOPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

AIRBASE,NAVALBASEANDUNITSUPPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

MILITARYFUELSANDTHESINGLEFUELPOLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 S�ngleFuelPol�cy(SFP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

DEPLOYABLEFUELSHANDINGEQUIPMENT(DFHE)–THEMODULARCONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

PETROLEUMPLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

STANDARDIZATION,INTERCHANGEABILITY,INTEROPERABILITYANDRESEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143A Gu�detotheNATObod�esconcernedw�ththeNPSandotherpetroleum

—IX—

bod�es. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144B A�deMemo�reonFuels�nNATO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145C Acronymsused�nth�schapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

CHAPTER 11 MEDICALSUPPORT

INTRODUCTION............................................... 151

MISSIONOFTHEMEDICALSERVICE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

STANDARDSOFHEALTHCARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Compl�ancew�ththeLawsofWarandHuman�tar�anConvent�ons . . . . . 151 Med�calEth�csandLegalConstra�nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 StandardsofCareProv�ded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Pr�macyofCl�n�calNeeds..................................... 152 SpectrumofMed�calRespons�b�l�t�es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 TreatmentPh�losophyforMassCasualtyS�tuat�ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 F�tnessforEvacuat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Med�calConfident�al�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Pat�entWelfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

OPERATIONALPRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Respons�b�l�tyfortheHealthofNATOForces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 NATOCommandersMed�calAuthor�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Pr�nc�palComponentsofDeployedHealthCare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 F�tnessandHealthStandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 TreatmentT�mel�nes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Cont�nu�tyofCare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Env�ronment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 ForceHealthProtect�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Plann�ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Read�nessoftheMed�calSupportSystemandTrans�t�onfromPeaceto . . .

Cr�s�sorConfl�ct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Mob�l�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 NATOandNat�onalCo-operat�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Mult�nat�onal�ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 RolesofCareCapab�l�t�es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Evacuat�onResources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Nat�onalMed�calL�a�sonTeams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Prov�s�onofNon-emergencyTreatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

MEDICALLOGISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

MILITARYMEDICALSUPPORTRESPONSESTODISASTERRELIEFANDCONSEQUENCEMANAGEMENTSITUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

THECOMMITTEEOFCHIEFSOFMILITARYMEDICALSERVICESINNATO

—X—

(COMEDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

THEJOINTMEDICALCOMMITTEE(JMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158


CHAPTER 12 LOGISTICOUTREACHACTIVITIES

PARTNERSHIPSWITHNATOHQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Stand�ngGroupforPartnerLog�st�cExperts(SGPLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Stand�ngGroupforPartnerMed�calExperts(SGPME). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

PARTNERSHIPFORPEACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Pol�t�calM�l�tarySteer�ngComm�ttee(PMSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Partnersh�pCoord�nat�onCell(PCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 ThePartnersh�pforPeacePlann�ngandRev�ewProcess(PARP) . . . . . . 165 Euro-Atlant�cPartnersh�pWorkProgramme(EAPWP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 PfPTrustFund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Operat�onalCapab�l�t�esConcept(OCC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

NATO-RUSSIALOGISTICCOOPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

NATO-UKRAINELOGISTICCOOPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

MEDITERRANEANDIALOGUE(MD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Med�terraneanCooperat�onGroup(MCG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Med�terraneanCooperat�onWork�ngPlan(MDWP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

ISTANBULCOOPERATIONINITIATIVE(ICI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 IstanbulCooperat�onIn�t�at�veGroup(ICIG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167


—XI—

CHAPTER 13 PRODUCTIONLOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION............................................... 173

METHODSFORARMAMENTSCO-OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 AgreementsonProduct�on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 AgreementsonStandard�sat�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

CONFERENCEOFNATIONALARMAMENTSDIRECTORS(CNAD)–AC/259 CNADSubstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

OTHERNATOCOMMITTEESANDBODIESINVOLVEDINARMAMENTSCOOPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 NATOA�rDefenceComm�ttee(NADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 NATOProjectSteer�ngComm�ttee(NPSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 ResearchandTechnologyOrgan�sat�on(RTO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 NATOConsultat�on,CommandandControlOrgan�sat�on(NC3O) . . . . . . 176

PROCEDURESFORARMAMENTSCO-OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 ArmamentsProgramm�ng:PhasedArmamentsProgramm�ngSystem

(PAPS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

PARTNERSHIPACTIVITIES...................................... 177 Ind�v�dualPartnersh�pProgrammes(IPAPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 ProposaltoLaunchCNAD“Partnersh�pArmamentsProjects” . . . . . . . . 178

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178A NATOProjectSteer�ngComm�ttees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179B Acronymsused�nth�schapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

CHAPTER 14 IN-SERVICELOGISTICS

INTRODUCTION............................................... 185 IntegratedLog�st�csSupport(ILS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Log�st�cSupportAnalys�s(LSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 L�feCycleCost�ng(LCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

NATOPRODUCTIONANDLOGISTICSORGANIZATIONS(NPLO) . . . . . . . 186

NATOMAINTENANCEANDSUPPLYORGANIZATION(NAMSO) . . . . . . . . 187

NAMSASPECIFICCO-OPERATIVELOGISTICPROJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATOLog�st�csStockExchange(NLSE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATODepot&SupportSystem(NDSS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NATOAmmun�t�onDatabse(NADB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

NATOPROJECTSTEERINGCOMMITTEES(NPSCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

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CO-OPERATIVELOGISTICTECHNIQUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 NATOCod�ficat�onSystem(NCS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189A NATOProduct�onLog�st�cRelatedOrgan�sat�ons(NPLOs) . . . . . . . . . . . 190B Acronymsused�nth�schapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

ACRONYMSUSEDINTHISHANDBOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

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CHAPTER 1FUNDAMENTALSOFNATOLOGISTICS

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CHAPTER 1FUNDAMENTALSOFNATOLOGISTICS

“I don’t know what the hell this ‘logistics’ is … but I want some of it!”

- Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, 1942 -

INTRODUCTION Dur�ng the Cold War, NATO followed the pr�nc�ple that log�st�cs wasa nat�onal respons�b�l�ty. Accord�ngly, �ts only focus at that t�me was theestabl�shmentofandcompl�ancew�thoveralllog�st�csrequ�rements.Th�spr�nc�plegovernedNATO’splansandact�onsunt�lthebeg�nn�ngofthe1990’s,when�twasunderstoodandacceptedthatthestrateg�cs�tuat�onthathadunderp�nnedth�spr�nc�plehadundergoneafundamentalchange.

As early as �n January 1996, NATO log�st�c�ans recogn�sed the newchallengesfac�ngtheAll�ance.Inpart�cular,thedowns�z�ngofm�l�taryresourcesunderscoredthenecess�tyof�ncreasedco-operat�onandmult�nat�onal�ty�nlog�st�csupport. These new challenges requ�red the All�ance to be able to log�st�callysusta�nandoperate�nnon-art�cle5/Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons(CRO),poss�blyatafard�stancefromthesupport�ngnat�onallog�st�cand�ndustr�albasesandonnonNATOso�l,whereasupport�veorfunct�on�nghostnat�onwasnotex�stent.Allofth�sneededtobeperformedunderthelegalcond�t�onsofpeace,w�thnoaccesstomob�l�sat�onand/oremergencyleg�slat�on.Add�t�onally,therewastheneedto�ntegratenon-NATOm�l�taryforcesandthe�rlog�st�csupport.

TheSen�orNATOLog�st�c�ans’Conference(SNLC),astheAll�ance’ssen�orbodyonlog�st�cs,thenundertooktotranslatetheAll�ance’sNewStrateg�cConcept�ntorespons�ve,flex�bleand�nteroperablelog�st�cpr�nc�plesandpol�c�es.Inth�sregard, �t first developed a v�s�on for NATO log�st�cs a�med at address�ng thechallengeofdevelop�ngcollect�verespons�b�l�ty�nlog�st�csbetweenNATOandthenat�ons.Suchcollect�verespons�b�l�ty�satta�nedthroughcloseco-ord�nat�onandcooperat�onbetweennat�onalandNATOauthor�t�esdur�ngbothplann�ngand execut�on, and �ncludes greater cons�derat�on of the effic�ent use of c�v�lresources.Asaresultofthe�rexper�ences�nNATOledoperat�ons,nat�onshavega�nedanapprec�at�onofthevalueofacollect�veapproachtolog�st�csupportandhavelentthe�rardentsupporttothe�mplementat�onofth�sv�s�on.

Wh�leNATO�srespons�bleforco-ord�nat�ngandpr�or�t�s�ngtheprov�s�onof log�st�c support to deployed NATO forces, each nat�on �s respons�ble forensur�ng,e�ther�nd�v�duallyorthroughco-operat�vearrangements,theprov�s�onof the log�st�c resources requ�red to support �ts own forces. Co-ord�natedlog�st�cplann�ng�sthereforeanessent�alaspectoftheeffic�entandeconom�caluseofresourcesthroughoutthe�r l�fecycle, from�n�t�aldes�gntothe�rult�mated�sposal.

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DEFINITIONS V�ewedfromthe l�fecycleperspect�ve, log�st�cs �s thebr�dgebetweenthedeployedforcesandthe�ndustr�albasethatproducestheweaponsandmater�elthattheforcesneedtoaccompl�shthe�rm�ss�on.NATOthereforedefineslog�st�csas:

«Logistics:Thesc�enceofplann�ngandcarry�ngoutthemovementandma�ntenanceofforces.In�tsmostcomprehens�vesense,theaspectsofm�l�taryoperat�onswh�chdealw�th:

- des�gn and development, acqu�s�t�on, storage, transport, d�str�but�on,ma�ntenance,evacuat�onandd�sposalofmater�el1;

- transportofpersonnel;

- acqu�s�t�onorconstruct�on,ma�ntenance,operat�onandd�spos�t�onoffac�l�t�es;

- acqu�s�t�onorfurn�sh�ngofserv�ces;and

- med�calandhealthserv�cesupport.»

Th�s defin�t�on covers a w�de range of respons�b�l�t�es that �nclude anumberofd�fferentdoma�nsofworkw�th�nNATO.Ifonecons�dersthatlog�st�cscompr�sesboththebu�ld�ngupofstocksandcapab�l�t�esandthesusta�nmentofweaponsandforces,then�t�sclearthatad�st�nct�oncanbemadebetweenthree�mportantaspectsoflog�st�cs,spann�ngthel�fecycleoflog�st�cresources:product�on,�nserv�cesupportandconsumpt�on.Thefollow�ngdefin�t�onsoftheseaspectsenjoyw�despreadacceptancew�th�ntheNATOlog�st�cscommun�ty:

“ProductionLogistics (alsoknownas:acquisitionlogistics): thatpartoflog�st�csconcern�ngresearch,des�gn,development,manufactureandacceptance of mater�el. In consequence, product�on log�st�cs �ncludes:standard�sat�on and �nteroperab�l�ty, contract�ng, qual�ty assurance,procurementofspares,rel�ab�l�tyanddefenceanalys�s,safetystandardsforequ�pment,spec�ficat�onsandproduct�onprocesses,tr�alsandtest�ng(�nclud�ng prov�s�on of necessary fac�l�t�es), cod�ficat�on, equ�pmentdocumentat�on, configurat�on control and mod�ficat�ons. At NATOHeadquarterstheleadauthor�t�esaretheInternat�onalStaff(IS)DefenceInvestmentD�v�s�on(DI)andtheArmamentsBranchoftheLog�st�csandResources D�v�s�on (L&R) �n the Internat�onal M�l�tary Staff (IMS). TheConferenceofNat�onalArmamentsD�rectors(CNAD)�sthesen�orNATOcomm�ttee that �s pr�nc�pally respons�ble for the co-ord�nat�on of th�saspectoflog�st�cs.”

“In-Service Logistics: that part of log�st�cs that br�dges product�onandconsumer log�st�csandcompr�ses those funct�onsassoc�atedw�thprocur�ng, rece�v�ng, stor�ng,d�str�but�ngandd�spos�ngofmater�el that�s requ�red toma�nta�n theequ�pmentandsupply the force.TheNATOMa�ntenance and Supply Organ�sat�on (NAMSO) �s the pr�nc�pal NATOorgan�sat�onrespons�bleforth�sarea.”

1) Materiel: equipment in its widest sense including vehicles, weapons, ammunition, fuel, etc.

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“ConsumerLogistics(alsoknownas:operationallogistics):thatpartoflog�st�cs concern�ng recept�on of the �n�t�al product, storage, transport,ma�ntenance(�nclud�ngrepa�randserv�ceab�l�ty),operat�onandd�sposalofmater�el. Inconsequence,consumer log�st�cs �ncludesstockcontrol,prov�s�onorconstruct�onoffac�l�t�es(exclud�nganymater�alelementandthosefac�l�t�esneededtosupportproduct�onlog�st�cfac�l�t�es),movementcontrol, rel�ab�l�ty and defect report�ng, safety standards for storage,transportandhandl�ngandrelatedtra�n�ng.AtNATOHeadquarters,thelead author�t�es are the Log�st�cs Sect�on �n the IS Defence Pol�cy andPlann�ngD�v�s�on(DPP)andtheLog�st�csBranch�ntheIMS,L&RD�v�s�on.TheSNLC�sthesen�orNATOcomm�tteethat�spr�mar�lyrespons�bleforconsumerlog�st�cs.”

Thethreel�fecycledoma�nsandthe�rleadbod�esareportrayedatr�ght.Whereasthethreedoma�nshavetodow�ththerelat�onsh�pbetween the producer andthe consumer, there are twoadd�t�onal aspects that have todow�ththeway�nwh�chlog�st�csfunct�onsareperformed.

Co-operativeLogistics:there�snoNATOdefin�t�onyet,butco-operat�velog�st�cscouldbedescr�bedasfollows:

«NATOCo-operat�veLog�st�cs �s the total�tyofb�lateralandmult�lateralconsumer and product�on log�st�cs arrangements to opt�m�se �n a coord�natedandrat�onal�sedway,log�st�cssupporttoNATOforces.”

Co-operat�onw�th�nlog�st�csshouldbeconductedw�th�nacomprehens�veframework,basedonagreedpr�nc�plesand�mplemented�naccordancew�thasetofbas�cgu�del�nes.Itsa�m�stoach�evecost-sav�ngsthrougheconom�es of scale, harmon�sed l�fe cycle processes and �ncreasedeffic�ency�npeacet�me,cr�s�sandwart�melog�st�cssupport.DevelopmentofNATOCooperat�veLog�st�csarrangements�slargelyfac�l�tatedbytheuseofNATOProduct�onandLog�st�csOrgan�sat�ons(NPLOs),part�cularlythe NATO Ma�ntenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) us�ng moderntechn�ques�nthefieldofmater�elmanagementandprocurement.

MultinationalLogistics: for mult�nat�onal operat�ons, log�st�cs mustfunct�onasaneffect�veforcemult�pl�er.W�thther�sknowomn�d�rect�onal,the d�m�n�sh�ng log�st�c support resources and the pr�nc�ple of sharedlog�st�c respons�b�l�t�es, the use of mult�nat�onal log�st�cs as a tool toenhance effic�ency and effect�veness becomes of utmost �mportance.Although there �s not yet any agreed NATO defin�t�on of Mult�nat�onalLog�st�cs,th�sfunct�oncanbemeantastheprov�s�onoflog�st�csupportto operat�ons through mult�nat�onal means, such as lead nat�on, rolespec�al�sat�onandmult�nat�onal�ntegratedlog�st�csupport.»

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LOGISTICFUNCTIONS It �s �mportant to recogn�se that the var�ous log�st�c funct�ons cometogether to form the total�ty of log�st�cs support. A NATO log�st�c�an of oned�sc�pl�new�lloftenworkw�thastaffofficerofanotherd�sc�pl�neand,asaverym�n�mum,w�llhavetoapprec�atetheother’srespons�b�l�t�esandproblems.Forexample, log�st�cplann�ngor�g�nates �nnat�onalorNATOpol�cygu�danceandhastobeco-ord�natedw�thallthestaffbranchesconcerned,whethertheybeoperat�onal,adm�n�strat�veorlog�st�c,m�l�taryorc�v�l.Abr�efexam�nat�onofthema�nfunct�onsoflog�st�csshowsth�sclearly.

Supply Supplycoversallmater�eland�temsused�ntheequ�pment,supportandma�ntenanceofm�l�taryforces(classesofsupplyarel�stedatAnnexA).Thesupplyfunct�on�ncludesthedeterm�nat�onofstocklevels,prov�s�on�ng,d�str�but�onandreplen�shment.

Materiel Product�onoracqu�s�t�on log�st�cscoversmater�el, from thefirstphaseofthel�fecycleto�tsfinald�sposalfromthe�nventory.Thefirstpartofthecycle,from spec�ficat�on, des�gn and product�on �s clearly a funct�on of product�onlog�st�cs.Recept�onoftheequ�pment �ntoserv�ce, �tsd�str�but�onandstorage,repa�r,ma�ntenanceandd�sposalareclearlyaconsumerlog�st�ctask.However,the�n�t�aldes�gnoftheequ�pment,wh�ch�spartofproduct�onlog�st�cs,hastotakeaccountoftheconsumeraspectsofrepa�randma�ntenance,andtherefore�nvolvesbothd�sc�pl�nes.

Services The prov�s�on of manpower and sk�lls �n support of combat troops orlog�st�cact�v�t�es �ncludesaw�derangeofserv�cessuchascombat re-supply,mapd�str�but�on,labourresources,postalandcour�erserv�ces,canteen,laundryandbath�ngfac�l�t�es,bur�als,etc.Theseserv�cesmaybeprov�dede�thertoone’sownnat�onalforcesortothoseofanothernat�onandthe�reffect�venessdependsonclosecooperat�onbetweenoperat�onal,log�st�candc�v�lplann�ngstaffs.

LogisticInformationManagement Log�st�c Informat�on Management couples ava�lable �nformat�ontechnologyw�thlog�st�cprocessesandpract�cestomeettheNATOCommander’sandnat�on’slog�st�c�nformat�onrequ�rements.NATOandnat�onshavenumeroususers requ�r�ng execut�ve, manager�al and operat�onal log�st�c �nformat�on. Tobeeffect�ve,log�st�c�nformat�onsystemsmustfac�l�tatethedel�veryofther�ght�nformat�ontother�ghtpeopleatther�ghtt�mew�thther�ght�nformat�onsecur�typrotect�on.Theyshouldcoveralllog�st�cfunct�onsand�nterfacebetweenthesefunct�onsandotherfunct�onalareasasrequ�red.NATOlog�st�csystemsneedtobe �nteroperablew�thbothex�st�ngandemerg�ngnat�onalandNATOsystems.Interfacesw�th�ndustr�alsystemsshouldalsobecons�deredwherepract�calandcosteffect�ve.

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EquipmentMaintenanceandRepair Ma�ntenancemeansallact�ons,�nclud�ngrepa�r,toreta�nthemater�el�norrestore�ttoaspec�fiedcond�t�on.Theoperat�onaleffect�venessofland,navaland a�r forces w�ll depend to a great extent on a h�gh standard of prevent�vema�ntenance, �npeacet�me,of theequ�pmentandassoc�atedmater�el.Repa�r�ncludesallmeasurestakentorestoremater�eltoaserv�ceablecond�t�on�ntheshortestposs�blet�me.

BattleDamageRepa�r(BDR)�san�mportanttechn�queusedto�mprovemater�elava�lab�l�tydur�ngoperat�ons.It�sdes�gnedtorestoredamagedmater�eltoabattleworthycond�t�on, �rrespect�veofthecauseofthefa�lure,asqu�cklyasposs�blesothat�tcancomplete�tsm�ss�on.Damageassessmenthastobedonerap�dlyandmustnotalwaysrequ�retheuseofautomatedtestequ�pmentorsoph�st�catedtools.Thecons�derat�onsarepr�mar�lya�medatl�m�t�ngthedamage,determ�n�ngthecauseofthedamage,establ�sh�ngaplanfordamagerepa�r,andm�n�m�s�ng ther�sk toequ�pmentandoperators.Oncetheoperat�onalm�ss�onhasbeenaccompl�shed,BDRmustbefollowedbyspec�al�sedma�ntenanceorrepa�rtorestoretheequ�pmenttofullyserv�ceablecond�t�on.

MovementandTransportation(M&T) It �s a requ�rement that a flex�ble capab�l�ty ex�sts to move forces �n at�melymannerw�th�nandbetweentheatrestoundertakethefullspectrumoftheAll�ance’srolesandm�ss�ons.Italsoappl�estothelog�st�csupportnecessarytomountandsusta�noperat�ons.

Reception,StagingandOnwardMovement(RSOM) RSOM �s the phase of the deployment process that trans�t�ons un�ts,personnel,equ�pmentandmater�el fromarr�valatPortsofDebarkat�on(PODs)to the�r final dest�nat�on. Although RSOM �s an operat�onal matter, �t requ�resthe prov�s�on of a s�gn�ficant degree of log�st�c support. RSOM plann�ng andexecut�onrequ�resthereforecons�derable�ntegrat�onw�thlog�st�csupport,M&T,andHostNat�onSupport(HNS)plann�ng.

PetroleumLogistics The NATO Petroleum Supply Cha�n has to be able to respond to thefullspectrumoftheAll�ance’soperat�onalrequ�rementsandtothedeploymentd�stancesandd�spers�onsenv�saged,tak�ngspec�fically�ntoaccount�ncreasedco operat�on between NATO and Partner nat�ons and the�r respect�ve m�l�taryandc�v�lauthor�t�es.F�nanc�alcons�derat�ons,econom�esofscaleandtheneedforenhanced �nteroperab�l�tymake �tnecessary tocont�nuouslyseeknewand�nnovat�vewaysofdel�ver�ngthefuelscapab�l�ty.

ExplosiveOrdnanceDisposal(EOD) EOD �nvolves the �nvest�gat�on, detect�on, locat�on, mark�ng, �n�t�al�dent�ficat�onandreport�ngofsuspectedunexplodedordnance,followedbytheon s�te evaluat�on, render�ng safe, recovery and final d�sposal of unexplodedexplos�ve ordnance. It may also �nclude explos�ve ordnance that has become

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hazardous by damage or deter�orat�on. The NATO EOD Techn�cal Informat�onCentre(EODTIC)holdsrecordsofallpastandpresentammun�t�onandexplos�ves,andprov�desan�mmed�ateadv�soryserv�ceonEODproblems.

InfrastructureEngineeringforLogistics(IEL) Infrastructure Eng�neer�ng for Log�st�cs, wh�le not exclus�vely a log�st�cfunct�on,w�llrequ�recloseco-ord�nat�onw�thlog�st�csas�tsm�ss�on�sverycloselyal�gnedw�thlog�st�cs�ntermsoffac�l�tat�ngthelog�st�cm�ss�onofopen�ngl�nesofcommun�cat�onandconstruct�ngsupport fac�l�t�es.Theeng�neer�ngm�ss�onbr�dgesthegapfromlog�st�cstooperat�onsand�scloselyrelatedtotheult�matesuccessofboth.Theacqu�s�t�on,construct�onandoperat�onof fac�l�t�es formthebas�sfortheNATOSecur�tyInvestmentProgramme(NSIP).Th�s�sthetermgenerallyused�nNATOfor�nstallat�onsandfac�l�t�esforthesupportofm�l�taryforces.

MedicalSupport Th�sfunct�onenta�lstheprov�s�onofaneffic�entmed�calsupportsystemtotreatandevacuates�ck,�njuredandwoundedpersonnel,m�n�m�semandayslostdueto�njuryand�llness,andreturncasualt�estoduty.Aneffect�vemed�calsupport system �s thus cons�dered a morale booster and a potent�al forcemult�pl�er.Thoughmed�calsupport�snormallyanat�onalrespons�b�l�ty,plann�ngmustbeflex�bleandcons�derco-ord�natedmult�nat�onalapproachestomed�calsupport.Thedegreeofmult�nat�onal�tyw�llvarydepend�ngonthec�rcumstancesofthem�ss�on,andbedependentuponthew�ll�ngnessofnat�onstopart�c�pate�nanyaspectof�ntegratedmed�calsupport.Med�calcarealsoplaysav�talrole�nForceProtect�on.

Contracting Contract�ng has become �ncreas�ngly �mportant to the conduct ofoperat�ons, part�cularly when operat�ng beyond NATO’s area of respons�b�l�ty.It �sas�gn�ficant tool thatmaybeemployed toga�n fastaccess to �n-countryresourcesbyprocur�ngthesuppl�esandserv�cesthatthecommanderrequ�res.

HostNationSupport(HNS) The ava�lab�l�ty of HNS offsets requ�rements for general and organ�cm�l�tarysupportandtherebyaffectsthes�zeandscopeoftheCombatServ�ceSupport(CSS)forcethatmustbecomm�ttedtoanoperat�on.

RELATEDFUNCTIONS

Civil-MilitaryCo-operation(CIMIC) C�v�l-M�l�tary Co-operat�on, part�cularly �n the area of deployments, hasga�nedrenewed �mpetuss�ncetheendof thecoldwar.Thenews�tuat�onhasbroughtd�fferentrequ�rementsand,atpresent,CROcommandershavetodealw�thcompletelynewtasks.Thelessonslearnedfromoperat�ons�ntheBalkansand w�th�n the Internat�onal Secur�ty Ass�stance Force (ISAF) �n Afghan�stanrevealthatNATOcommandershavetodealw�thc�v�ltasksa�medatfac�l�tat�ng

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the accompl�shment of the m�ss�on by mak�ng c�v�l resources ava�lable to them�l�tary.

NATOStandardisationandInteroperability Standard�sat�on�sakeytoolforach�ev�ng�nteroperab�l�ty.Interoperab�l�ty�s essent�al for log�st�c co-operat�on and has a d�rect �mpact on m�ss�onsusta�nab�l�ty and combat effect�veness of forces. The m�n�mum requ�rementsfor �nteroperab�l�ty are commonal�ty of concepts, doctr�nes and procedures,compat�b�l�tyofequ�pment,and �nterchangeab�l�tyofcombatsuppl�es.C�v�l�anstandardsshouldbeusedwheneverposs�ble.Nat�onsshouldstr�vetoadopttheagreedNATOstandards.

EnvironmentalProtection Nat�onal and �nternat�onal leg�slat�onandagreementsonenv�ronmentalprotect�on �ncreas�ngly affects m�l�tary operat�ons, �n part�cular non-Art�cle 5CRO.The�mpl�cat�onsofenv�ronmentalprotect�onfortheexecut�onoflog�st�cfunct�onshavetobetaken�ntoaccount.

REFERENCESAAP-6NATOGlossaryofTermsandDefin�t�ons

ANNEXESA ClassesofSupply

B Acronymsused�nth�schapter

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ANNEXAtoChapter1

ANNEX ACLASSESOFSUPPLY

NATO classes of supply are establ�shed �n the five-class system of�dent�ficat�onasfollows:

ClassIItemsofsubs�stence,e.g.foodandforage,wh�chareconsumedbypersonneloran�malsatanapprox�matelyun�formrate,�rrespect�veoflocalchanges�ncombatorterra�ncond�t�ons.

ClassIISuppl�es for wh�ch allowances are establ�shed by tables of organ�sat�on andequ�pment,e.g.cloth�ng,weapons,tools,spareparts,veh�cles.

ClassIIIPetroleum,o�landlubr�cants(POL)forallpurposes,exceptforoperat�nga�rcraftorforuse�nweaponssuchasflame-throwers,e.g.gasol�ne,fuelo�l,greasescoalandcoke.

(ClassIIIa-av�at�onfuelandlubr�cants)

ClassIVSuppl�esforwh�ch�n�t�al�ssueallowancesarenotprescr�bedbyapproved�ssuetables. Normally �ncludes fort�ficat�on and construct�on mater�als, as well asadd�t�onalquant�t�esof�tems�dent�caltothoseauthor�sedfor�n�t�al�ssue(ClassII)suchasadd�t�onalveh�cles.

ClassVAmmun�t�on,explos�vesandchem�calagentsofalltypes.

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ANNEXBtoChapter1

ANNEX BACRONYMSUSEDINTHISCHAPTER

BDR BattleDamageRepa�r

CIMIC C�v�l-M�l�taryCo-operat�on

CNAD ConferenceofNat�onalArmamentsD�rectors

CRO Cr�s�sReponseOperat�ons

CSS CombatServ�ceSupport

DI DefenceInvestmentD�v�s�on

EOD Explos�veOrdnanceD�sposal

EODTIC NATOEODTechn�calInformat�onCentre

HNS HostNat�onSupport

IEL InfrastructureEng�neer�ngforLog�st�cs

IMS Internat�onalM�l�taryStaff

IS Internat�onalStaff

ISAF Internat�onalSecur�tyAss�stanceForce(Afghan�stan)

L&R Log�st�csandResourcesD�v�s�on

M&T MovementandTransportat�on

NAMSA NATOMa�ntenanceandSupplyAgency

NAMSO NATOMa�ntenanceandSupplyOrgan�sat�on

NPLOs NATOProduct�onandLog�st�csOrgan�sat�ons

NSIP NATOSecur�tyInvestmentProgramme

PODs PortsofDebarkat�on

POL Petroleum,O�landLubr�cants

RSOM Recept�on,Stag�ngandOnwardMovement

SNLC Sen�orNATOLog�st�c�ans’Conference

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CHAPTER 2NATOORGANISATIONALFRAMEWORK

FORLOGISTICS

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CHAPTER 2 NATOORGANISATIONALFRAMEWORKFORLOGISTICS

“Logisticians are a sad, embittered race of men, very much in demand in war who sink resentfully into obscurity in peace.”

- Dr. J.M.A.H. Luns, Secretary General of NATO, 1978 -

INTRODUCTION

NATO’sPoliticalGoalsandBasicTasks The North Atlant�c All�ance embod�es the transatlant�c partnersh�pbetweenEuropeandNorthAmer�ca.Its�ncept�ondatesback4Apr�l1949w�ththes�gnatureoftheNorthAtlant�cTreaty,wh�chfallsw�th�ntheframeworkofArt�cle51of theUn�tedNat�onsCharter, reaffirm�ng the �nherent r�ghtof �ndependentstatesto�nd�v�dualorcollect�vedefence.

NATO’s essent�al purpose �s to safeguard the freedom and secur�ty of�ts members by pol�t�cal and m�l�tary means �n accordance w�th the NorthAtlant�cTreatyandthepr�nc�plesoftheUn�tedNat�onsCharter.Theobject�vesof theAll�ancearepr�mar�lypol�t�cal,underp�nnedbyshareddefenceplann�ngand m�l�tary co-operat�on and by co operat�on and consultat�on �n econom�c,sc�ent�fic,env�ronmentalandotherrelevantfields.ThefocusoftheAll�ance�sthepromot�onof stab�l�ty throughco-operat�onand thedevelopmentof collect�vecr�s�smanagementandpeacekeep�ngmechan�sms.

Art�cle4oftheTreatyprov�desforconsultat�onsamongtheAll�eswheneveranyofthembel�evesthatthe�rterr�tor�al�ntegr�ty,pol�t�cal�ndependenceorsecur�ty�sthreatened.NATOmemberstatesarecomm�ttedtothedefenceofoneanotherby Art�cle 5 of the North Atlant�c Treaty. Th�s st�pulates that an armed attackaga�nstoneormoreof them �nEuropeorNorthAmer�ca shall becons�deredasanattackaga�nstthemall.NonArt�cle5Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons(CRO)thatcouldbeapprovedby theNorthAtlant�cCounc�l, suchaspeacesupportoperat�ons,havebeenendorsed�nthenewStrateg�cConceptapprovedbytheAll�edHeadsofStateand/orGovernmentattheWash�ngtonSumm�t�n1999.

DecisionMakinginNATO NATO �s an �nter-governmental organ�sat�on, �n wh�ch all membercountr�es reta�n the�r full sovere�gnty and �ndependence. NATO dec�s�ons aretherefore taken on the bas�s of consensus, after d�scuss�on and consultat�onamongthemembernat�ons.Asanassoc�at�onoffreeand�ndependentstates,NATOhasnosupranat�onalauthor�tyorpol�cymak�ngfunct�on�ndependentof�tsmembers.Dec�s�onstakenbyNATOarethereforedec�s�onstakenbyall �tsmembercountr�es.By thesametoken,NATOcanonly �mplementacourseofact�on�fallthemembercountr�esare�nagreement.

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NATOPOLITICAL/MILITARYSTRUCTURE

TheNorthAtlanticCouncil(NACorCouncil) TheNAC,establ�shedbyArt�cle9of theTreaty, �s theh�ghestauthor�tyandthemost �mportantdec�s�on-mak�ngbody �nNATO.Allmembercountr�esofNATOhaveanequal r�ght toexpress the�r v�ewsandunan�mousdec�s�onsarerequ�red,wh�ch�salsoval�dforallotherNATOcomm�tteesandconferences.There�snovot�ngordec�s�onbymajor�ty.

The Counc�l �s composed of the Permanent Representat�ves of all 26member countr�es1. It meets weekly under the cha�rmansh�p of the SecretaryGeneral.Othermeet�ngs,e�theratM�n�ster�alLevel(Fore�gnAffa�rsandDefence)oratthelevelofHeadsofStateand/orGovernmentalsotakeplaceonaregularbas�satNATOHeadquarters�nBrusselsor�noneoftheNATOmemberstates.

Toass�st �t �n �tswork,theCounc�lhassetupanumberofcomm�tteesthatarerespons�blefor�mplement�ng�tsdec�s�onsorcarry�ngoutthetasks�thadordered.Allthesecomm�ttees,whetherc�v�lorm�l�tary,actundertheauthor�tyoftheCounc�l.

TheDefencePlanningCommittee(DPC) TheDPC�scomposedofallNATOmemberstatesexceptfromFranceandmeetsunderthecha�rmansh�poftheSecretaryGeneral,e�theratAmbassador�alorM�n�ster�al level. Itdealsw�thmostdefencemattersandsubjectsrelatedtocollect�ve defence plann�ng. The DPC prov�des gu�dance to NATO’s m�l�taryauthor�t�es and w�th�n the area of �ts respons�b�l�t�es, has the same funct�onsand attr�butes and the same author�ty as the Counc�l on matters w�th�n �tscompetence.

TheMilitaryCommittee(MC)2

TheM�l�taryComm�ttee�srespons�bleforrecommend�ngtoNATOpol�t�calauthor�t�es thosemeasurescons�derednecessary for thecommondefenceoftheNATOareaandforprov�d�nggu�danceonm�l�tarymatters to theStrateg�cCommanders (SCs). The MC �s the h�ghest m�l�tary author�ty �n the All�anceunderthepol�t�calauthor�tyoftheNACandDPC.It�scomposedoftheCh�efsofDefenceStaffofeachmembercountry.TheCh�efsofDefenceStaffmeetatleasttw�ceayear.Atothert�mesmembercountr�esarerepresentedbynat�onalM�l�taryRepresentat�vesappo�ntedbythe�rCh�efsofDefenceStaff.

1) On 29 March 2004, seven new countries joined the Alliance: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, thus bringing the Alliance to 26 member states (other member nations are: Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States).

2) Iceland has no military forces but may be represented by a civilian.

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TheEuro-AtlanticPartnershipCouncil(EAPC)3

ThePartnersh�pforPeace�samajor�n�t�at�vea�medatenhanc�ngstab�l�tyand secur�ty throughout Europe. The Partnersh�p for Peace Inv�tat�on wasaddressed toall statespart�c�pat�ng �n theNorthAtlant�cCooperat�onCounc�l(NACC,latertobecometheEAPC)andotherstatespart�c�pat�ng�ntheConferenceforSecur�tyandCooperat�on�nEurope(laterrenamedtheOSCE,Organ�sat�onforSecur�ty andCooperat�on �nEurope) able andw�ll�ng tocontr�bute to theprogramme.Thedevelopmentandenhancementofd�alogueandpartnersh�pw�thnon-NATOmemberstatesformsan�ntegralpartofNATO’sStrateg�cConcept.All�edandCo-operat�onPartnerFore�gnM�n�sters�nauguratedtheEuro-Atlant�cPartnersh�pCounc�l(EAPC)atthe�rmeet�ng�nS�ntra,Portugal,on30May1997,w�thav�ewto ra�s�ngpol�t�calandm�l�tarycooperat�onamongthe�rcountr�estoaqual�tat�velynew level.TheEAPCprov�destheoverarch�ngframeworkforpol�t�calandsecur�ty-relatedconsultat�onsandforenhancedco-operat�onunderthePartnersh�pforPeace(PfP).Theexpandedpol�t�cald�mens�onofconsultat�onandco-operat�onwh�chtheEAPCoffers,allowsPartners,�ftheyw�sh,todevelopad�rectpol�t�calrelat�onsh�pw�ththeAll�ance.Inadd�t�on,theEAPCprov�destheframeworkforg�v�ngPartnercountr�es�ncreaseddec�s�on-mak�ngopportun�t�esrelat�ngtoact�v�t�es�nwh�chtheypart�c�pate.

The EAPC meets tw�ce a year at both Fore�gn and Defence M�n�sters’level and, as a general rule, at Ambassador�al level �n Brussels on a monthlybas�s.ItmayalsomeetatthelevelofHeadsofStateand/orGovernment,whenappropr�ate.

TheNATO-RussiaCouncil(NRC) TheNRCwasestabl�shedattheNATO-Russ�aSumm�ton28May2002�nRome.TheNRCbr�ngstogetherthe26All�esandRuss�ato�dent�fyandpursueopportun�t�esforjo�ntact�on“at27”.The“RomeDeclarat�on”bu�ldsonthegoalsandpr�nc�plesofthe1997NATO-Russ�aFound�ngActonMutualRelat�ons,Co-operat�onandSecur�ty.Itestabl�shestheNRCasamechan�smforconsultat�on,consensus-bu�ld�ng,co-operat�on, jo�ntdec�s�onand jo�nt act�on, �nwh�ch the�nd�v�dualAll�esandRuss�aw�llworkasequalpartnersonaw�despectrumofEuro-Atlant�csecur�ty�ssuesofcommon�nterest.

Cha�redbyNATO’sSecretaryGeneral,theNRCmeetsatleastmonthlyatthelevelofambassadorsandm�l�taryrepresentat�ves;regularlyeveryyearatthelevelofFore�gnandDefenceM�n�stersandCh�efsofStaff;andoccas�onallyatthelevelofHeadsofStateand/orGovernment,whenappropr�ate.

TheNATO-UkraineCommission(NUC) At the Madr�d Summ�t on 9 July 1997, NATO Heads of State and/orGovernment, s�gned the «Charter for a D�st�nct�ve Partnersh�p between NATOand Ukra�ne». In th�s Charter, the NATO All�es reaffirm the�r support for the

3) As of end 2006, the EAPC consists of the NATO member states and Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Ireland, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Note that Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.

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sovere�gnty and �ndependence of Ukra�ne, �ts terr�tor�al �ntegr�ty, democrat�cdevelopment,econom�cprosper�tyandstatusasanon-nuclearweaponsstate,aswellasthe�nv�olab�l�tyof�tsfront�ers.Var�ousareasforconsultat�onandco-operat�onweredeveloped.Thepol�t�calmandateforth�s�n�t�at�vewasg�venbyFore�gnM�n�stersat themeet�ngof theNUC �nReykjav�k, Iceland,on15May2002,whentheyunderl�nedthe�rdes�retotaketheNATO-Ukra�nerelat�onsh�pforward toaqual�tat�velynew level, �nclud�ng through �ntens�fiedconsultat�onsandco-operat�ononpol�t�cal,econom�canddefence�ssues.

TheNUC�scha�redbytheSecretaryGeneralandmeetsasarulenotlessthantw�ceayeartoassessthe�mplementat�onoftherelat�onsh�pandcons�der�ts furtherdevelopment. Itmayalsomeetat the levelofFore�gnandDefenceM�n�stersandCh�efsofStaffandoccas�onallyatthelevelofHeadsofStateand/orGovernment,whenappropr�ate.

TheMediterraneanDialogue(MD)andtheIstanbulCo-operationInitiative(ICI) Recogn�s�ngthatsecur�ty�nEurope�scloselyl�nkedtosecur�tyandstab�l�ty�ntheMed�terraneanreg�on,theNorthAtlant�cCounc�l�n�t�atedtheMed�terraneanD�alogue�n1994.It�san�ntegralpartofNATO’sadaptat�ontothepost-coldwarsecur�tyenv�ronment,aswellasan�mportantcomponentoftheAll�ance’spol�cyof outreach and co-operat�on. The Med�terranean D�alogue’s overall a�m �s tocontr�butetoreg�onalsecur�tyandstab�l�ty,ach�evebettermutualunderstand�ngandd�spelanym�sconcept�onsaboutNATOamongD�aloguecountr�es.

AttheIstanbulSumm�t,theHeadsofStateandGovernmentdec�dedtodevelopco-operat�on to thebroaderM�ddleEast reg�onby launch�ng the ICI.Th�s �n�t�at�ve �s offered to those countr�es from the reg�on that are �nterested�nfoster�ngmutuallyre�nforc�ngb�lateralrelat�onsh�psw�thNATOw�thav�ewtogreaterreg�onalsecur�tyandstab�l�ty.Itfocusesonthoseareasofpract�calco-operat�onwhereNATOcanprov�deanaddedvalue.

THENATOHEADQUARTERSSTAFFSTRUCTURE

SecretaryGeneral(SG) The SG �s a sen�or �nternat�onal statesman nom�nated by the membernat�ons both as Cha�rman of the NAC, DPC and of other comm�ttees, andas Secretary General of NATO. He also acts as pr�nc�pal spokesman for theOrgan�sat�onboth�n�tsexternalrelat�onsand�ncommun�cat�onsandcontactsbetween member governments. He �s supported by the Pr�vate Office �n allaspectsofh�swork.

InternationalStaff(IS) The work of the Counc�l and �ts comm�ttees �s supported by the IS,cons�st�ngofpersonnel frommembercountr�ese�ther recru�tedd�rectlyby theOrgan�sat�on or seconded by the�r governments. The members of the IS arerespons�bletotheSecretaryGeneralandowethe�ralleg�ancetotheOrgan�sat�onthroughouttheper�odofthe�rappo�ntment.TheIScompr�sestheOfficeofthe

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SecretaryGeneral, s�xoperat�onalD�v�s�ons, and theNATOOfficeofSecur�ty.EachoftheD�v�s�ons�sheadedbyanAss�stantSecretaryGeneral(ASG),who�snormallythecha�rmanofthema�ncomm�tteedeal�ngw�thsubjects�nh�sfieldofrespons�b�l�ty.TheD�v�s�onssupporttheworkofthecomm�ttees�nthevar�ousfieldsofact�v�ty.

Thes�xD�v�s�onsare:

- Pol�t�calAffa�rsandSecur�tyPol�cy(PASP);

- DefencePol�cyandPlann�ng(DPP);

- Operat�ons(OPS);

- DefenceInvestment(DI);

- Publ�cD�plomacy(PDD);and

- Execut�veManagement(EM).

Twoofthemareofd�rect�nteresttolog�st�c�ans.DI�sma�nlyrespons�bleforProduct�onLog�st�cs,whereasDPPw�th �tsLog�st�csStaff �stak�ngcareofConsumerLog�st�csmatters.

The NATO HQ C3 Staff �s an �ntegrated c�v�l/m�l�tary staff elementsupport�ngtheISandtheInternat�onalM�l�taryStaff(IMS).

InternationalMilitaryStaff The IMS supports the M�l�tary Comm�ttee. It �s composed of m�l�tarypersonnel seconded from nat�onal m�l�tary establ�shments and of support�ngc�v�l�anpersonnel.MembersoftheIMScomeundertheadm�n�strat�veauthor�tyoftheD�rectoroftheIMS.TheIMS�sheadedbyaD�rectorofthree-starrankwho�snom�natedbythemembernat�onsand�sselectedbytheM�l�taryComm�ttee.TheD�rector�sass�stedbyfiveAss�stantD�rectorsofflagorgeneralofficerrankandtheExecut�veCo-ord�natoroftheIMS.

TheIMS�sorgan�sed�nthefollow�ngfived�v�s�ons:

- Intell�genceD�v�s�on(INT)

- Plans&Pol�cyD�v�s�on(P&P)

- Co-operat�on&Reg�onalSecur�tyD�v�s�on(C&RS)

- Operat�onsD�v�s�on(OPS)

- Log�st�cs&ResourcesD�v�s�on(L&R)

The last D�v�s�on ment�oned �s of d�rect �nterest to log�st�c�ans: �t �srespons�ble forbothProduct�on (ArmamentsBranch)andConsumer (Log�st�csBranch)Log�st�cs.

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NATO’SINTEGRATEDMILITARYCOMMANDSTRUCTURE

TheNewNATOCommandStructure At the�r meet�ng on 12 June 2003, All�ed Defence M�n�sters agreed tothe des�gn of a new streaml�ned m�l�tary command structure, wh�ch reflectstheAll�ance’snewm�ss�onsandtrans�t�ontosmaller,flex�bleforcesthatcanberap�dlydeployedtocr�s�sandconfl�ctareas.Thenumberofcommandswasthusreducedfrom20to11,andrespons�b�l�t�esredefined.

ThenewNATOcommandstructure�scomposedoftwocommandsatthestrateg�clevel.Ontheonehand,All�edCommandOperat�ons(ACO),replac�ngformer All�ed Command Europe (ACE), cont�nues to embrace all the NATOcommands �n Europe, and takes over the respons�b�l�ty for those operat�onalelements that formerly came under the Supreme All�ed Command Atlant�c(SACLANT)4.Furthermore,ACOfocusesontheplann�ngandexecut�ngofNATOoperat�ons.TheSupremeAll�edCommanderEurope (SACEUR)reta�nsh�s t�tleand assumes strateg�c command for the preparat�on and conduct of all jo�ntoperat�ons.SupremeHeadquartersofAll�edPowersEurope(SHAPE)standsasACOheadquarterss�tuated�nMons,Belg�um.

ThelevelsbeneathSHAPEweres�gn�ficantlystreaml�ned,w�thareduct�on�nthenumberofheadquarters.Theoperat�onallevelcons�stsoftwostand�ngJo�ntForceCommands(JFCs),one�nBrunssum(Netherlands)andtheother�nNaples(Italy),andarobustbutmorel�m�tedstand�ngJo�ntHeadquarters(JHQ)�nL�sbon(Portugal),fromwh�chadeployablesea-basedComb�nedJo�ntTaskForce(CJTF)HQcapab�l�tycanbedrawn.Atthecomponent/tact�callevel,thestructurecons�stsofs�xJo�ntForceComponentCommands(JFCCs),wh�chprov�deserv�ce-spec�fic–land,mar�t�me,ora�r–expert�setotheoperat�onallevel.

On theotherhand,All�edCommandTransformat�on (ACT)wascreatedtopromote transformat�onand �nteroperab�l�tyofAll�ancem�l�tar�es �norder toensure thatNATO forcesare tra�nedandstructured tomeet thechallengesofthenewsecur�tyenv�ronment.ACTHQareco-locatedw�th theUn�tedStatesJo�ntForcesCommand�nNorfolk,V�rg�n�a(Un�tedStatesofAmer�ca),althoughan ACT Staff Element has been establ�shed at SHAPE, pr�mar�ly to deal w�thresourceanddefenceplann�ng �ssues.NATOresearch,educat�onand tra�n�ngcentresaresubord�natetoACT.

NATOLOGISTICCOMMITTEES

TheSeniorNATOLogisticians’Conference(SNLC) Thepr�nc�pal comm�tteedeal�ngw�th log�st�cs, theSNLC,meetsundertheCha�rmansh�poftheSecretaryGeneraltw�ceayear,�njo�ntc�v�landm�l�tarysess�ons. It has two permanent co-Cha�rmen, namely the Ass�stant SecretaryGeneralforDefencePol�cyandPlann�ng,andtheDeputyCha�rmanoftheM�l�taryComm�ttee.TheConferencereportsjo�ntlytoboththeCounc�landtheM�l�taryComm�ttee, reflect�ng the dependence of log�st�cs on both c�v�l and m�l�taryfactors.

4) SACLANT ceases to exist in the new command structure.

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Membersh�poftheconference�sdrawnfromsen�ornat�onalc�v�landm�l�taryrepresentat�vesofM�n�str�esofDefenceorequ�valentbod�esw�threspons�b�l�tyforconsumeraspectsof log�st�cs �nmembercountr�es.Representat�vesoftheStrateg�c Commands, the NATO Ma�ntenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA),the NATO Standard�sat�on Agency (NSA), the Comm�ttee of the Ch�efs ofM�l�tary Med�cal Serv�ces �n NATO (COMEDS) and other sectors of the NATOHeadquartersStaff alsopart�c�pate �n theworkof theconference.Theoverallmandateof theSNLC�s toaddressconsumer log�st�csmattersw�thav�ewtoenhanc�ngtheperformance,effic�ency,susta�nab�l�tyandcombateffect�venessoftheAll�ance’sforcesandtoexerc�se,onbehalfoftheCounc�l,anoverarch�ngco-ord�nat�ngauthor�tyacrossthewholespectrumoflog�st�csv�s-à-v�stheotherlog�st�ccomm�tteesandbod�esofNATO.

The SNLC carr�es out �ts work though four subord�nate bod�es. Thepr�nc�palsubord�natebody�stheLogisticStaffMeeting(LSM),wh�chadv�sestheSNLCongeneralc�v�landm�l�tary log�st�cmatters.Act�ngonbehalfoftheSNLC,theLSMmon�torsandco-ord�natesthe�mplementat�onoflog�st�cpol�c�es,programmes and �n�t�at�ves through consultat�on and co-operat�on amongnat�ons, the SCs, and w�th other NATO log�st�c and log�st�c-related bod�es; �tprov�desaforumforaddress�nglog�st�cconcerns;and�tco-ord�natesw�ththeMovementandTransportat�onGroup(M&TG)andotherspec�al�sedsubord�natebod�esthatmaybecreatedandharmon�sesthe�rworkw�ththeSNLC’soveralllog�st�cpol�c�esandprogrammeswhen the�rwork �spartofabroader log�st�ceffort.TheLSMalsodevelops log�st�cpol�c�es,programmesand �n�t�at�ves fortheSNLC’scons�derat�on.TheLSMmeetstw�ceayear �nthesameformatastheSNLC.LSMmembersh�pm�rrorsthatoftheSNLCand�sco-cha�redbyac�v�lcoCha�rman,theHead,ISLog�st�cs,andbyam�l�tarycoCha�rman,theDeputyAss�stantD�rector,IMSL&RD�v�s�on.

The Movement and Transportation Group (M&TG) �s the SNLC’ssubord�nate body that deals w�th movement and transportat�on (M&T). TheM&TG adv�ses the SNLC on M&T matters; �t mon�tors and co-ord�nates the�mplementat�onofM&Tpol�c�es,programmesand�n�t�at�vesthroughconsultat�onandco-operat�onamongnat�ons, theSCsandotherNATOtransportat�onandtransportat�on-relatedgroupsandagenc�es.It�scocha�redbyac�v�lcoCha�rman,theHead,ISLog�st�csandam�l�tarycoCha�rman,theDeputyAss�stantD�rector,IMSL&RD�v�s�on,andmeetstw�ceayear,�nMarchandSeptember,�nthesameformatastheSNLC.M&TGmembersh�pm�rrorsthatoftheSNLC.Inadd�t�on,thethreeTransportPlann�ngBoardsandComm�ttees(PB&Cs)oftheSen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee(SCEPC)arerepresentedontheM&TG.

TheStandingGroupofPartnerLogisticExperts(SGPLE),underthegu�dance of the LSM w�th Partners and the M&TG w�th Partners, �dent�fies,developsandpromotestheemploymentofPartnerlog�st�cforcesandcapab�l�t�esthatPartnersarew�ll�ngtocontr�butetoNATO-ledoperat�ons.TheSGPLEalsomakesrecommendat�onsconcern�nglog�st�cspre-arrangementstotheStrateg�cCommands (SCs). Furthermore, the group prov�des a forum for address�nglog�st�ctop�csconcern�ngPfPthatanymemberoftheLSMw�thPartnersandtheM&TGw�thPartnersmayw�shtora�se.TheSGPLEmeetstw�ceayearunderthe

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Cha�rmansh�pofaPartnernat�on;thecha�r�sassumedforatwoyearterm.SGPLEmembersh�pcompr�sessen�orstaffofficersfromNATOandPartnernat�ons,IS,IMS,theSCsandNAMSA.

The Logistic Information Management Group (LOG IMG) �s NATO’soverarch�ng log�st�cs �nformat�on management body. Subord�nate to the LSM,the group rev�ews, assesses and recommends NATO log�st�c �nformat�onmanagementrequ�rementsanddevelopslog�st�c�nformat�onmanagementpol�cyandgu�danceforcons�derat�onbytheLSM.TheLOGIMG�scha�redbyanat�on,�tsmembersh�pcompr�sesexpertsfromNATOandPartnernat�ons,IS,IMS,SCsandrelevantNATO�nformat�onmanagementcomm�tteesandbod�es.Itmeetsasoftenasnecessarytocarryout�tswork.

NATOPipelineCommittee(NPC) TheNPC,wh�ch�scha�redbytheHead,ISLog�st�cs�sthesen�oradv�sorybody�nNATOonconsumerlog�st�csrelat�ngtopetroleum.ItactsonbehalfoftheCounc�l,�nfullconsultat�onw�ththeNATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es(NMAs)andotherbod�es,onallmattersofNATOw�deconcern �nconnect�onw�thm�l�tary fuels,lubr�cantsandassoc�atedproductsandequ�pment,theNATOP�pel�neSystem(NPS)andotherpetroleum�nstallat�ons�nsupportofACO.Itsdut�esareto:

- rev�ew, assess and evaluate, �n conjunct�on w�th other NATOauthor�t�es,theoverallAll�ancem�l�tarypetroleumlog�st�csorgan�sat�on,pol�cy, plans, procedures and capab�l�t�es w�th the a�m to enhanceperformance, effic�ency, safety, secur�ty and effect�veness of NATOfac�l�t�es for the storage, handl�ng, d�str�but�on and upl�ft of m�l�taryfuels;

- developstandard�sat�onoffuels,lubr�cantsandassoc�atedproductsused by all naval, land and a�r assets �n order to �mprove theeffect�venessand�nteroperab�l�tyofNATOandNATO-ledforces;

- �mprove the effect�veness of NATO and NATO-led forces throughthe standard�sat�on of the fac�l�t�es, equ�pment and procedures forhandl�ngfuelsandlubr�cantsproducts;

- prov�de the focal po�nt and forum for the cons�derat�on of m�l�tarypetroleummatters;

- exerc�sepol�cycontrolfortheoperat�onandma�ntenanceoftheNPS;and

- develop, �n close co-ord�nat�on w�th other relevant comm�ttees,gu�del�nesforgreaterc�v�l/m�l�taryco-operat�on. The NPC has three permanent Work�ng Groups, wh�ch have thefollow�ngrespons�b�l�t�es:

- WorkingGroupNo.1-(AC/112(WG/1)Spec�alTasks),wh�chtakesonspec�altasksasd�rectedbytheNPC.

- NATOFuelsandLubricantsWorkingGroup-(AC/112(NF&LWG)),wh�ch

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prov�desthefocalpo�ntandforumtorev�ewanddevelopstandard�sat�onoffuels,o�ls,lubr�cantsandassoc�atedproductsusedbyallnaval,landanda�rassets�norderto�mprovetheeffect�venessand�nteroperab�l�tyofNATOandNATO-ledforces.TheNF&LWG�ssupportedbythreeWork�ngPart�es:

o NavalFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty- AC/112(NAVALF&LWP);

o ArmyFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty- AC/112(ARMYF&LWP);and

o Av�at�onFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty- AC/112(AVIATIONF&LWP).

- PetroleumHandlingEquipmentWorkingGroup-AC/112(PHEWG), wh�ch prov�des the focal po�nt and forum torev�ew and �mprove the effect�veness and �nteroperab�l�ty of NATOand NATO-led forces through the standard�sat�on of the fac�l�t�es,equ�pment (�nclud�ngDeployableFuelsHandl�ngEqu�pment (DFHE))andproceduresforhandl�ngfuelsandlubr�cantsproductssetout�nNATOStandard�sat�onAgreement(STANAG)1135.

CommitteeoftheChiefsofMilitaryMedicalServicesinNATO(COMEDS) TheCOMEDSadv�sestheM�l�taryComm�tteeonm�l�tarymed�calmattersaffect�ngNATO.TheCOMEDSalsoactsastheco-ord�nat�ngbodyfortheM�l�taryComm�ttee regard�ng all m�l�tary med�cal pol�c�es, procedures and techn�quesw�th�nNATO.Itsmeet�ngsareconductedb�-annually.TheCOMEDS�scomposedof:

- theCh�efsofthem�l�tarymed�calserv�cesofallnat�onsasrepresented�ntheM�l�taryComm�ttee;

- theIMSmed�calstaffofficer;

- theACOandACTmed�caladv�sors;and

- theCha�rmanoftheJo�ntMed�calComm�ttee(JMC)(observer).

COMEDSmakesrecommendat�onscons�derednecessaryconcern�ngthedevelopmentandassessmentofNATOm�l�tarymed�calpol�cyandproceduresfor med�cal support. The Comm�ttee explores and develops ways to �mproveandexpandex�st�ngarrangementsbetweenthemembernat�ons�nthefieldsofco-ord�nat�on, standard�sat�on and �nteroperab�l�ty. It fosters and �mproves theexchangeof�nformat�onrelat�ngtotheorgan�sat�on,operat�onalpr�nc�plesandprocedures of the m�l�tary med�cal serv�ces of NATO nat�ons and the SCs, aswellas�nformat�onrelat�ngtothemed�caltreatment,researchanddevelopmentbetween the NATO nat�ons �n order to ensure that advances made by onenat�onalareava�labletoall.Lastly,COMEDSundertakesstud�esofgeneralandpart�cular�nterestsuchas:pr�nc�plesandpol�c�esofmed�calfieldmanagement,med�cal tra�n�ng,prevent�vemed�c�ne,m�l�tarypharmacyandmed�calmater�al,

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dentalserv�ce,foodhyg�eneandfoodtechnology,veter�narymed�c�ne,m�l�tarypsych�atry,m�l�tarymed�calstructures,operat�onsandprocedures,co-ord�nat�onandco-operat�on�nm�l�tarymed�calresearch.

NATO-RussiaAdHocWorkingGrouponLogistics(NRC(LOG)) TheNRC(LOG)�sajo�ntc�v�l/m�l�tarygroupw�ththema�na�mto�dent�fyopportun�t�esforjo�ntact�on�nallareasoflog�st�cs,�nclud�nga�rtransportanda�r-to-a�r refuell�ng and to �n�t�ate and �mplement c�v�l and m�l�tary log�st�c co-operat�onprogrammesand�n�t�at�vesbetweenNRCMemberNat�ons.TheannualLog�st�cAct�onPlan�ncorporatesallNRC�n�t�at�ves�nlog�st�cco-operat�ononbothc�v�l�anandm�l�tarys�des.Througham�xofstaff-leveld�scuss�ons,exchanges,workshopsandsem�nars,�tfocuses�npart�cularonpromot�ng�nformat�onshar�ng�nareassuchaslog�st�cpol�c�es,doctr�ne,structuresandlessonslearnedw�thav�ewtoestabl�sh�ngasoundfoundat�onofmutualunderstand�ng�nthefieldoflog�st�cs.Itsact�v�t�esaddressessuchd�versetop�csash�ghlevelstructuresforthedevelopmentoflog�st�cpol�c�es,thelog�st�csupportofdeployedpeacekeep�ngoperat�ons, HNS, c�v�l commerce, fuels �nteroperab�l�ty, med�cal support andlog�st�ctra�n�ng.

OTHERNATOLOGISTICBODIES

NATOMaintenanceandSupplyOrganisation(NAMSO) NAMSO compr�ses the Board of D�rectors as the leg�slat�ve body andtheNATOMa�ntenanceandSupplyAgency(NAMSA)as�tsexecut�vebody.TheAgency,w�th�tsma�nfac�l�t�eslocated�nLuxembourg,�sNATO’spr�nc�pallog�st�csupportmanagementagency.NAMSO’sm�ss�on�stoprov�delog�st�cssupporttoNATOorto�tsmemberstates�nd�v�duallyorcollect�vely.Theobject�veoftheNAMSOm�ss�on�stomax�m�se,both�npeacet�meandwart�me,theeffect�venessoflog�st�cssupporttoarmedforcesofNATOstatesandtom�n�m�secosts.AstheNAChasrecogn�sedacollect�verespons�b�l�tybetweenNATOandnat�onalauthor�t�esforlog�st�csupport�nthecontextofmult�nat�onaloperat�ons,NAMSOmayprov�delog�st�cssupportto�tsmemberstatesandtogroupsofsomeorallofthosestates.

Twentyfivememberstatespart�c�pate�nNAMSOact�v�t�es5.TheNAChasalsoauthor�sedNAMSOtoconcludeMemorandaofUnderstand�ng(MOU)w�thPfPnat�onsforco-operat�velog�st�csupport.

To accompl�sh �ts m�ss�on, NAMSA carr�es out funct�ons of log�st�csmanagement,wh�chcanbeperformedmoreeffect�velybytheAgencythanbythenat�onsthemselves.Th�softenmeanslog�st�csfunct�onscommontoseveralstates. Inter al�a, these �nclude (common) procurement, supply, ma�ntenanceand repa�r, configurat�on management and techn�cal support for equ�pment/weaponsystems.NAMSAoffersaw�derangeoflog�st�csserv�ceact�v�t�eswh�ch�ncludecod�ficat�on,managementofcommonl�ne�tems(NATOLog�st�csStockExchange),contract�ng for transportat�onofpersonnelandmater�el,manag�ngdem�l�tar�sat�onact�v�t�essuchasprojectsforthed�sposalofweaponsandm�nes,

5) Iceland is not a member as it does not have any military forces that would require NAMSA’s support.

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s�teremed�at�on,product�onofelectron�cmanualsanddataetc.NAMSAlog�st�cserv�cesalso �ncludesupport to the forcesdeployed �n-theatre.Th�s lastareaofsupportcont�nuestoexpandto thebenefitofNATOandtroopcontr�but�ngnat�ons.

AsNAMSA�sacustomer-fundedent�ty,thoserequest�ngaserv�cefromtheAgencyarerespons�bleforthefullcostsoftheserv�cerequested.

Themajor�tyofNAMSA’sworkforceofaround950�slocated�nCapellen(Luxembourg). There �s also the Southern Operat�onal Centre, strateg�callylocated�nTaranto(Italy)andtheNATO’sHAWKLog�st�csManagementstaffatRue�l-Malma�son,Par�s(France).

NAMSAproducestheNATOAmmun�t�onDataBaseonaCD-ROM,wh�chconst�tutes an author�tat�ve source of NATO ammun�t�on �nterchangeab�l�ty,techn�calandlog�st�c�nformat�on.Italsoprov�desaDVDw�ththeNATOMasterCatalogueofReferencesforLog�st�csw�thNATOStockNumbers (NSNs),partnumbersand �nformat�onaboutmanufacturersandvendorsandmanages theNATO Ma�lbox System, wh�ch allows transfer of data among member states.Furtherdeta�lsonth�ssubjectareprov�ded�nChapter14.

CentralEuropeanPipelineManagementOrganisation(CEPMO) CEPMO�sthemanagementorgan�sat�onfortheCentralEuropeP�pel�neSystem(CEPS)and�soneoftheNATOProduct�onandLog�st�csOrgan�sat�ons(NPLO).CEPS �s the largestelementof theNATOP�pel�neSystem (NPS) thatencompasses NATO assets for the movement, storage and del�very of fuel�n Belg�um, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These areknownasthehostnat�ons,w�ththeUn�tedStatesdes�gnatedasausernat�on.Collect�vely,thehostandusernat�onscompr�setheMemberNat�ons.

CEPS �s des�gned and managed to meet operat�onal requ�rements �ncentralEurope�npeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ctt�mes,but�salsousedcommerc�allyunder str�ct safeguards. The day to day operat�on of CEPS �s the task of theCentral Europe P�pel�ne Management Agency (CEPMA) located �n Versa�lles(France).

TheCEPMOBoardofD�rectors(BOD)�sthegovern�ngbodyact�ngw�thregardtothecollect�ve�nterestsofallCEPMOMemberNat�ons�naccordancew�th �ts Charter6. It �s composed of a representat�ve of each Member Nat�onof theCEPMO,whoare theonlyvot�ngmembersand represent the�rnat�on’spol�t�cal,m�l�tary,econom�c,financ�alandtechn�cal�nterests.Representat�vesoftheNMAs, theGeneralManagerof theCEPMAand thedes�gnatedSecretaryGeneral’sL�a�sonOfficer(SGLO)alsopart�c�pate�nmeet�ngsoftheBOD.

CEPMA �s organ�sed �n such a way as to cover the core funct�ons ofmarket�ng and econom�c development, as well as techn�cal, financ�al andadm�n�strat�vesupport.

6) C-M(97)64

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Bi-SCLogisticCo-ordinationBoard(Bi-SCLCB) TheB�-SCLCBwasestabl�shedbytheSCs�n1996asthe�rsen�orforumforcoord�nat�ngAll�ancew�deconcernsforlog�st�cpol�cyandplann�ngbetweenSCs,NATOCommandStructure(NCS),NATOnat�onsanddes�gnatedagenc�es.TheB�-SCLCB�srespons�bletotheSCsforadv�ceandrecommendat�onsonlog�st�csgu�danceanddoctr�ne,concepts,structures,plansandprocedures�nsupportofNATOoperat�ons.It�srespons�bletotheSNLCforthedevelopmentofjo�ntlog�st�cdoctr�naldocumentsandtherev�ewofotherlog�st�cdocumentsw�ththea�mofach�ev�ngcons�stencyandharmon�sat�onoflog�st�cdoctr�neandproceduresthroughouttherangeofNATOpubl�cat�ons.Severalbod�essupportthedut�esandfunct�onsoftheB�-SCLCB:

- theB�-SCLCBLog�st�cTra�n�ngComm�ttee;

- theB�-SCLCBDoctr�neComm�ttee;

- theB�-SCLCBStockp�lePlann�ngComm�ttee;and

- theB�-SCLog�st�cPlann�ngComm�ttee.

Bi-SCMovementandTransportationForum(Bi-SCM&TForum) TheB�-SCM&TForumwasformed�n1996.Itprov�desaforumforM&T�ssuesbetweentheSCs,theNCSandNATOnat�onsanddes�gnatedagenc�es.M&T matters are those �ssues that der�ve from the NATO Commander’s M&Trespons�b�l�t�esandfromNATOHQdevelopedconceptandpol�c�es.

The B�-SC M&T Forum �s the sen�or forum for co-ord�nat�ng All�ance-w�de concerns for M&T pol�cy and plann�ng between SCs, NATO nat�onsand des�gnated agenc�es. The B�-SC M&T Forum �s respons�ble to the SCsfor adv�ce and recommendat�ons on M&T gu�dance and doctr�ne, concepts,structures, plans, and procedures �n support of NATO operat�ons. The B�-SC M&T Forum meets tw�ce a year e�ther �n NATO/PfP Plenary, NATO-onlyplenaryor�nExcept�onalPlenarysess�ons.It�sco-cha�redbythetwoSCs,theCh�ef of the All�ed Movement Co ord�nat�on Centre (AMCC), ACO and Headof the Movement and Transportat�on Branch at ACT. When requ�red, the co-cha�rmay�nv�tepart�c�pat�onfromotherbod�esandorgan�sat�on. TheB�SCM&TForum:

- recommendsand/org�vesadv�ceondoctr�ne,concepts,structures,plans,andprocedures�nsupportofNATOoperat�ons;

- proposessolut�ons toM&T �ssuesaffect�ngmore thanonemembernat�on;

- promotes M&T standard�sat�on and �nteroperab�l�ty �n co-ord�nat�onw�thNATOStandard�sat�onProgramme;

- assesses NATO Commanders’ M&T requ�rements to supportoperat�onalplansandrecommendschanges,�frequ�red;

- forms comm�ttees and/or work�ng groups to study and report on�ssuesagreedbytheB�-SCM&TForum;and

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- subm�tsreportstotheSNLCandM&TGandtootherbod�es,asagreedorasd�rected.

Bi-SCMedicalAdvisoryGroup(Bi-SCMEDAG) The B�-SC MEDAG prov�des a forum for med�cal �ssues between theSCs.Med�calmattersarethose�ssuesthatder�vefromtheNATOCommander’smed�calrespons�b�l�t�esandfromNATOHQdevelopedconceptandpol�c�es.

REFERENCESNATOHandbook

NATOFactsandF�gures

MC324/1TheNATOM�l�taryCommandStructure

MC389/1MCPol�cyonNATO’sComb�nedJo�ntTaskForce(CJTF)Capab�l�ty

ANNEXA Acronymsused�nth�schapter

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ANNEXAtoChapter2

ANNEX A ACRONYMSUSEDINTHISCHAPTER

ACE All�edCommandEurope

ACO All�edCommandOperat�ons

ACT All�edCommandTransformat�on

AMCC All�edMovementCoord�nat�onCentre

ARMYF&LWP ArmyFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty

ASG Ass�stantSecretaryGeneral

AVIATIONF&LWP Av�at�onFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty

B�-SCLCB B�-SCLog�st�cCo-ord�nat�onBoard

B�-SCMEDAG B�-SCMed�calAdv�soryGroup

B�-SCM&TForum B�-SCMovementandTransportat�onForum

BOD BoardofD�rectors

CEPMA CentralEuropeanP�pel�neManagementAgency

CEPMO CentralEuropeanP�pel�neManagementOrgan�sat�on

CEPS CentralEuropeP�pel�neSystem

CJTF Comb�nedJo�ntTaskForce

COMEDS Comm�tteeoftheCh�efsofM�l�taryMed�calServ�ces�nNATO

CRO Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons

C&RS Co-operat�on&Reg�onalSecur�tyD�v�s�on

CSCE ConferenceforSecur�tyandCooperat�on�nEurope

DFHE DeployableFuelsHandl�ngEqu�pment

DI DefenceInvestment

DPC DefencePlann�ngComm�ttee

DPP DefencePol�cyandPlann�ng

EAPC Euro-Atlant�cPartnersh�pCounc�l

EM Execut�veManagement

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HQ Headquarters

JFCs Jo�ntForceCommands

JFCCs Jo�ntForceComponentCommands

JHQ Jo�ntHeadquarters

JMC Jo�ntMed�calComm�ttee

ICI IstanbulCo-operat�onIn�t�at�ve


INT Intell�genceD�v�s�on


LOGIMG Log�st�cInformat�onManagementGroup

L&R Log�st�cs&ResourcesD�v�s�on

LSM Log�st�cStaffMeet�ng

MC M�l�taryComm�ttee

MD Med�terraneanD�alogue

MOU MemorandumofUnderstand�ng

M&TG MovementandTransportat�onGroup

NAC NorthAtlant�cCounc�lorCounc�l

NACC NorthAtlant�cCooperat�onCounc�l



NAVALF&LWP NavalFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty

NCS NATOCommandStructure

NF&LWG NATOFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngGroup

NMAs NATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es

NPC NATOP�pel�neComm�ttee

NPLO NATOProduct�onandLog�st�csOrgan�sat�ons

NPS NATOP�pel�neSystem

NRC NATO-Russ�aCounc�l

NSA NATOStandard�sat�onAgency

NSNs NATOStockNumbers

NUC NATO-Ukra�neComm�ss�on

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OPS Operat�ons

OPS Operat�onsD�v�s�on

PASP Pol�t�calAffa�rsandSecur�tyPol�cy

PB&Cs TransportPlann�ngBoardsandComm�ttees

PDD Publ�cD�plomacy

PfP Partnersh�pforPeace

PHEWG PetroleumHandl�ngEqu�pmentWork�ngGroup

P&P Plans&Pol�cyD�v�s�on

OSCE Organ�sat�onforSecur�tyandCooperat�on�nEurope

SACEUR SupremeAll�edCommanderEurope

SACLANT SupremeAll�edCommandAtlant�c

SCs Strateg�cCommanders

SCEPC Sen�orC�v�lEPlann�ngComm�ttee

SHAPE SupremeHeadquartersofAll�edPowersEurope

SG SecretaryGeneral

SGLO SecretaryGeneral’sL�a�sonOfficer

SGPLE Stand�ngGroupofPartnerLog�st�cExperts


STANAG Standard�sat�onAgreement

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CHAPTER 3THEALLIANCE’SNEWSTRATEGICCONCEPT

ANDFORCESTRUCTURES

Infrastructure Engineering for Logistics – Italian troops maintaining a rail line in Kosovo

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CHAPTER 3 THEALLIANCE’SNEWSTRATEGICCONCEPT

ANDFORCESTRUCTURES

“My logisticians are a humourless lot … they know if my campaign fails they are the first I will slay.”

- Alexander the Great, date unknown -

THEALLIANCE’SSTRATEGICCONCEPT At the Wash�ngton Summ�t �n Apr�l 1999, the All�es approved a newstrategy toequ�p theAll�ance for the secur�ty challengesandopportun�t�esofthe21stcenturyandtogu�de�tsfuturepol�t�calandm�l�tarydevelopment.ThenewStrateg�cConceptprov�desoverallgu�danceforthedevelopmentofdeta�ledpol�c�es and m�l�tary plans. The Concept sets out the All�ance’s Approach toSecur�ty�nthe21stCentury,reaffirm�ngthe�mportanceofthetransatlant�cl�nkandofma�nta�n�ngtheAll�ance’sm�l�tarycapab�l�t�es.

TheConceptconfirmsthattheAll�ance’sessent�alandendur�ngpurpose�stosafeguardthefreedomandsecur�tyof�tsmembersbypol�t�calandm�l�tarymeans. It defines the All�ance’s fundamental secur�ty tasks, both �n terms ofcollect�vedefence,wh�chhasbeenatthecentreofNATO’spreoccupat�onss�nce�tsestabl�shment,and�ntermsofnewact�v�t�es�nthefieldsofcr�s�smanagementandpartnersh�pthattheAll�ance�sundertak�ng�nordertoenhancethesecur�tyandstab�l�tyoftheEuro-Atlant�carea.ThenewStrateg�cConceptcompr�sesthefollow�ngessent�alelements:

- thepreservat�onofthetransatlant�cl�nk.;

- thema�ntenanceofeffect�vem�l�tarycapab�l�t�es;and

- thedevelopmentoftheEuropeanSecur�tyandDefenceIdent�tyw�th�ntheAll�ance.

The final part of the Strateg�c Concept establ�shes gu�del�nes for theAll�ance’sforces,translat�ngthepurposesandtasksofthepreced�ngsect�ons�ntopract�cal�nstruct�onsforNATOforceandoperat�onalplanners.Thestrategycalls for thecont�nueddevelopmentof them�l�tarycapab�l�t�esneeded for thefull rangeof theAll�ance’sm�ss�ons, fromcollect�vedefence topeacesupportand other cr�s�s response operat�ons. Among the capab�l�t�es h�ghl�ghted aspart�cularly �mportant are the ab�l�ty to engage oppos�ng forces effect�vely,deployab�l�tyandmob�l�ty,surv�vab�l�tyofforcesand�nfrastructure,susta�nab�l�ty,and�nteroperab�l�ty-�nclud�ngw�ththeforcesofPartnercountr�es.

The d�rect�on set by the Strateg�c Concept has been �ntens�fied bysubsequent�n�t�at�ves.ThePragueCapab�l�t�esComm�tment(PCC)waslaunchedto ensure that NATO would have deployable and susta�nable capab�l�t�es forexped�t�onaryoperat�ons.TheconceptofComb�nedJo�ntTaskForces (CJTF),des�gnedtomakeNATO’sjo�ntm�l�taryassetsava�lableforw�deroperat�onsbyNATOnat�onsorby theEuropeanUn�on,was further refined.Theconcept for

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aNATOResponseForce (NRF)was �ntroduced �n2002andthefirstNRFwasfielded �nOctober2003.NATO’sm�l�tarycommandstructurehasbeen furtherstreaml�nedandtheAll�ance’sdefenceandoperat�onalplann�ngarrangementshave been adapted �n order to take �nto account future requ�rements forexped�t�onaryCr�s�sResponseOperat�ons(CROs).

NATOMILITARYSTRUCTURES The All�ance’s m�l�tary structures encompass the NATO CommandStructureandtheNATOForcesStructure.

TheNATOCommandStructure(NCS) The NCS �s composed of permanent mult�nat�onal headquarters at thestrateg�c,jo�nt,andcomponentlevelsofcommand.Italso�ncludestheCanada-Un�tedStatesReg�onalPlann�ngGroup.Thesearecommonfunded.

TheNATOForceStructure(NFS) TheNFS�scomposedofAll�ednat�onalandmult�nat�onalforces,aswellas the�rassoc�atedoperat�onalheadquarters,putat theAll�ance’sd�sposalona permanent or temporary bas�s under spec�fied read�ness cr�ter�a. Nat�onalcontr�but�onsaremadeava�labletotheAll�ancebyagreedmechan�smsfortheTransferofAuthor�ty(TOA),andbycoord�nat�onandcooperat�onagreements,supplemented�nsomecasesbycommonfundedassetsforspec�ficcapab�l�t�esandscenar�os.

MC400/2�stheM�l�taryComm�tteegu�danceforthem�l�tary�mplementat�onoftheAll�ance’sstrategywh�chprov�desthegu�danceandpr�nc�plesthatshapethe NFS. The NFS �s bu�lt on the bas�s of potent�al NATO m�ss�ons follow�ngthe pr�nc�ples rul�ng the All�ance’s m�l�tary structures (cohes�on, jo�ntness andmult�nat�onal�ty,affordab�l�ty,forcesofgraduatedread�nessand�nteract�onw�ththeNCS)and �ncludesGraduatedRead�nessForces (GRF), theCJTFand theNATOResponseForce(NRF).

GraduatedReadinessForces(GRF) Read�ness levels of NATO command and force elements reflect therequ�rements of the full m�ss�on spectrum. The GRF approach to read�nessaddresses the warn�ng t�mes assoc�ated w�th cr�s�s response, deployab�l�tyrequ�rements,theneedtosusta�nand/orre�nforceforcesandheadquartersandthe longer term capab�l�ty for force bu�ld-up (reconst�tut�on, mob�l�sat�on, andre�nforcement)�ntheeventoftheworstcaselargescaleArt�cle5cont�ngency.

W�th�ntheGRFstructure,H�ghRead�nessForces(HRF)aredes�gnedtoreactqu�cklyanddeployforoperat�onsw�th�ntheAll�ance’sfullrangeofm�ss�ons.Theread�nessoftheseforces�sgraduatedtotakeaccountofoperat�onalplann�ngconstra�nts.Inadd�t�on,ForcesofLowerRead�ness(FLR)arerequ�redtorotateorre�nforceforcestosusta�nArt�cle5operat�onsandnon-Art�cle5CRO.HRFsandFLRscanbeplacedunderNATOcommandforArt�cle5operat�onsandnonArt�cle5CROs,w�th�nagreedTOAarrangements, follow�ngadec�s�onby theNAC.Nat�onsw�llneedtodevelopanaugmentat�oncapab�l�tyw�thLongTerm

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Bu�ld-upForces (LTBF) �n thecaseofanemergenceofa largescale threat toNATO.

CombinedJointTaskForce(CJTF) TheAll�anceStrateg�cConceptestabl�sheda requ�rement for theCJTFasadeployableandflex�bleC2capab�l�tyatthejo�ntlevelforthefullrangeoftheAll�ance’sm�ss�ons.ACJTF�sacomb�ned,jo�nt,fullydeployabletaskforce,ta�lored to them�ss�onand formed for the full rangeof theAll�ance’ sm�l�tarym�ss�ons.ACJTFcons�stsofthreelayers:theCJTFHQ,subord�natedComponentCommandHQs,andforcesass�gnedfortheoperat�on.TheCJTFconcepttakes�nto account and can bu�ld upon the Deployable Jo�nt Task Force (DJTF) HQrequ�redforcommand�ngtheNRF,andaddressestheposs�bletrans�t�onfromanNRFoperat�ontoalargerCJTFoperat�on.Theconceptsat�sfiestherequ�rementtoconducttwoconcurrentCJTFoperat�ons,onecommandedbyaseabasedCJTFHQforthe�n�t�alstageofaMajorJo�ntOperat�on(MJO),andonecommandedbyaland-basedCJTFHQforthe�n�t�alandsusta�nmentstages.Th�s�sknownastheCJTFTa�loredCapab�l�ty.

TheCJTFHQ�sadeployable,non-permanentcomb�nedandjo�ntHQofvar�ables�ze,ta�loredtoam�ss�on.Itass�ststheCommanderCJTF(COMCJTF)�nexerc�s�ngcommandandcontrolovertheent�reCJTFandcanbee�therseaorlandbased.ThepurposeofaCJTFHQ�stocommandandcontrolthefullrangeofAll�ancem�l�taryoperat�onsuptothes�zeofaMJOthatrequ�redeployableC2capab�l�t�es,�nclud�ngassum�ngcommandandcontrolovertheNRF.

Jo�ntForceComponentCommand(JFCC)HQsaresubord�natedtotheCJTF HQ and used to exerc�se command and control over ass�gned forces.Depend�ngonthem�ss�onandava�lableresources,thefollow�ngcons�derat�onsapply:aCJTFcan �ncludeJo�ntForceLand,Mar�t�me,A�r,RearArea,Spec�alOperat�onsandPsycholog�calOperat�onsComponentCommands.JFCCHQsdeploywhenrequ�red.

M�ss�onta�lored forcesareass�gnedtoCOMCJTForCJTFComponentCommanders.Theyareprov�dedbyNATONat�onsand,onacase-by-casebas�sandsubjecttotheCounc�l’sapproval,byPartnerandothernon-NATOcontr�but�ngnat�ons.Theact�vat�onanddeploymentofass�gnedforcesfollowproceduresasla�ddown�ntheOperat�onalPlann�ngProcess(OPP).Tosuccessfullyaccompl�shthefullrangeofCJTFm�ss�ons,forcesmadeava�lablemustpossessappropr�ateoperat�onalcapab�l�t�es.Interoperab�l�ty,flex�b�l�tyanddeployab�l�tyareessent�aloverarch�ngobject�ves.

NATOResponseForce(NRF) AtthePragueSumm�t�n2002,All�edHeadsofStateand/orGovernmentdec�dedtodeveloptheNRFasatechnolog�callyadvanced,flex�ble,deployable,�nteroperableandsusta�nableforce,�nclud�ngland,seaanda�relements,readytomovequ�cklytowhereverneeded.TheNRF�salso�ntendedtoactasacatalystforfocus�ngandpromot�ng�mprovements�ntheAll�ance’sm�l�tarycapab�l�t�es.

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TheNRFconcept�s�ntendedtogenerateacoherent,jo�ntandcomb�ned,tra�ned and cert�fied force package, held at very h�gh read�ness, capable ofperform�ngass�gnedm�ss�onson�tsown,aswellaspart�c�pat�ng�nanoperat�onaspartofalargerforce,orserv�ngasan�n�t�alentryforcethatpreparesthetheatreforfollow-onforces.Them�ss�onsoftheNRFm�rrorpr�mar�lytherequ�rementsofrap�dresponse�nthe�n�t�alphaseofacr�s�ss�tuat�on.

The NRF �s rotat�onal by nature, rely�ng on per�od�c comm�tments bynat�onsaga�nsttheComb�nedJo�ntStatementofRequ�rement(CJSOR)andonjo�nttra�n�ngforeachrotat�on.TheNRF�sheldat5–30daysread�nessand,whend�rectedtopreparefordeployment,�tw�llbeta�loredtoaspec�ficoperat�on.TheNRF�sabletooperateasastand-aloneforceforupto30daysus�ngembeddedlog�st�cscapab�l�t�es,orlonger�fresuppl�ed.Forcespart�c�pat�ng�ntheNRFaredeployableHRFsdrawnfromtheent�reNCS,aswellasfromotherforcesofferedbyNATOnat�ons,onthebas�sthattheymeeth�ghread�nesscr�ter�asetbythestrateg�ccommanderforoperat�ons.

IMPLICATIONSFORDEPLOYABILITYANDSUSTAINABILITY Deployab�l�tyandmob�l�tyarerequ�redforbothArt�cle5operat�onsandnonArt�cle5CROs.NATOmusthavethecapab�l�tytoprojectforces�ntoanonperm�ss�ve env�ronment and/or areas w�thout appropr�ate �nfrastructure andw�thoutanyHostNat�onSupport(HNS).Deployab�l�tythereforea�msatenabl�ngNATO to concentrate �ts forces and engagement capab�l�ty from permanentlocat�ons to a Jo�nt Operat�on Area (JOA) for the conduct of the All�ance’sm�ss�ons.Regard�ngmob�l�ty,allNFSheadquarters/forces,oncedeployedw�th�naJOA,mustpossesstact�calmob�l�ty.Manoeuvreforcesandthe�rC2,CombatSupportandCombatServ�ceSupport(CS/CSS)1elementsmustbecapableofbe�ngmovedw�th�ntheJOAasrequ�red.

Theserequ�rementsarenormallyaddressedaspartoftheforceplann�ngprocess. However, spec�al �n�t�at�ves by Heads of State and/or Governmentwere requ�red to speed up cons�derat�on of a number of log�st�c and othershortcom�ngs.

DefenceCapabilitiesInitiative(DCI) The DCI was launched at the Wash�ngton Summ�t and was the first�n�t�at�ve a�med at �mprov�ng the All�ance’s capab�l�t�es. The DCI focused on�mprov�ng �nteroperab�l�tyamongAll�anceforcestoensuretheeffect�venessofmult�nat�onaloperat�onsacrossthefullspectrumofAll�ancem�ss�ons.F�fty-e�ghtdec�s�onswereendorsed,cover�ngtheareasofDeployab�l�tyandMob�l�ty(DM),Susta�nab�l�ty and Log�st�cs (SL), effect�ve engagement, surv�vab�l�ty of forcesand�nfrastructure,andNATOconsultat�on,commandandcontrol(C3)systems.TheSNLChadleadrespons�b�l�tyfor10ofthem,all�ntheareasofDMandSL.TheDCI�n�t�at�vesundertheleadoftheSNLCdealtw�th:

1) CS is defined as fire support and operational assistance provided to combat forces. CSS is defined as the support provided to combat forces, primarily in the fields of administration and logistics.

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- �mprov�ngm�l�taryaccesstocommerc�all�ftassets;

- explor�ngopt�onsformult�nat�onallyownedorleasedl�ftassets;

- develop�ngarrangementsforco-operat�veorshareduseofl�ft;

- putt�ng �n place measures to enhance co-operat�on �n mult�nat�onallog�st�cs;

- �mprov�ngco-operat�velog�st�csplann�ngandmanagementstructuresandprocedures;

- exam�n�ng the co-operat�ve acqu�s�t�on and management of log�st�cstocks,�nclud�ngshared�ndustr�alcontractsforsusta�nment;and

- develop�nglog�st�cs�nformat�onsystemsarch�tectureandenablers.

Many of the DM and SL measures ach�eved modest success. Overall,however,DCIfellshortofexpectat�onsbecausethevar�ous�n�t�at�veswereledbysen�orNATOcomm�tteeslargelylack�ngtheauthor�tytocomm�ttheresourcesnecessarytosecuretherequ�redcapab�l�t�es.

PragueCapabilitiesCommitment(PCC) Based on the DCI exper�ence, Defence M�n�sters recogn�sed that realprogress could be made only when �n�t�at�ves were taken forward by nat�onsrather than by NATO comm�ttees. Therefore, �n June 2002, Defence M�n�stersagreedthatnew�n�t�at�vesfocus�ngonkeyoperat�onalcapab�l�tyareasshouldbepreparedforagreementattheNovember2002PragueSumm�tandthattheseshouldbebasedonnat�onalcomm�tments.Th�s�n�t�at�vewasnamedthePragueCapab�l�t�esComm�tment(PCC).Thefollow�ngfouract�onareaswere�dent�fiedaspartofthePCC:

- defence aga�nst Chem�cal, B�olog�cal, Rad�olog�cal and Nuclear(CBRN)attacks;

- command,commun�cat�onsand�nformat�onsuper�or�ty;

- �mproved �nteroperab�l�ty of deployed forces and key aspects ofcombateffect�veness;and

- rap�ddeploymentandsusta�nmentofcombatforces.

ThePCC�n�t�at�vesthatareofpart�cular�nteresttolog�st�csarestrateg�ca�rl�ftundertheleadofGermany,strateg�cseal�ftundertheleadofNorway,a�rtoa�rrefuell�ng(AAR)undertheleadofSpa�nandCombatSupport/CombatServ�ceSupport(CS/CSS),wh�chhasnoleadnat�on.

REFERENCEMC317/1TheNATOForceStructure


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ANNEXAtoChapter3

ANNEX A ACRONYMSUSEDINTHISCHAPTER

AAR A�r-to-A�rRefuell�ng

C2 CommandandControl

C3 Consultat�on,CommandandControl

CBRN Chem�cal,B�olog�cal,Rad�olog�calandNuclear

CJTF Comb�nedJo�ntTaskForces

CJSOR Comb�nedJo�ntStatementofRequ�rement

COMCJTF CommanderCJTF

CS CombatSupport


DCI DefenceCapab�l�t�esIn�t�at�ve

DJTF DeployableTaskForce

DM Deployab�l�tyandMob�l�ty

FLR ForcesofLowerRead�ness

GRF GraduatedRead�nessForces


HRF H�ghRead�nessForces

JFCC Jo�ntForceComponentCommand

JOA Jo�ntOperat�onArea

MJO MajorJo�ntOperat�on



NFS NATOForceStructure

NRF NATOResponseForce

OPP Operat�onalPlann�ngProcess

PCC PragueCapab�l�t�esComm�tment

SL Susta�nab�l�tyandLog�st�cs

TOA TransferofAuthor�ty

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CHAPTER 4DETERMINATIONOFLOGISTICREQUIREMENTS

ANDLOGISTICPLANNING

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CHAPTER 4DETERMINATIONOFLOGISTICREQUIREMENTS

ANDLOGISTICPLANNING

“In modern warfare no success is possible unless military units are adequately supplied with fuel, ammunition and food

and their weapons and equipment are maintained. Modern battle is characterized by resolute and dynamic actions

and by abrupt changes in the situation which call for greater quantity of supplies than was the case during the Second World War.

Hence the increasingly important role of logistic continuity aimed at supplying each soldier in good time with everything he needs

for fulfilling his combat mission.”

- Colonel General Golushko, Chief of Logistic Staff, Soviet Armed Forces, 1984 -

INTRODUCTION Th�s chapter descr�bes the methods by wh�ch the All�ance operat�onalobject�vesaredec�dedandthe�rach�evementaremeasured.Comm�tt�ngnat�onalcapab�l�t�es to ensure collect�vely that the All�ance has suffic�ent capac�ty andthatcurrentoperat�onshaverobustsupport�sanobl�gat�onofmembersh�pandaffirms a common purpose. Every log�st�c�an �n NATO w�ll find h�mself tak�ngpart�nth�sprocess.Themethodbywh�chNATOgoalsareagreedthroughtheDefence Plann�ng Process w�th respect to log�st�cs, log�st�c plann�ng and theNATOLog�st�csV�s�onandObject�vesProcessaresetout�ndeta�lsbelow.

DEFENCEPLANNINGPROCESS The 1999 NATO Strateg�c Concept sets out the purpose and tasks ofthe All�ance, the organ�sat�on’s approach to secur�ty �n the 21st Century, andgeneral gu�del�nes for NATO forces. The Comprehens�ve Pol�t�cal Gu�dance(CPG)andsubsequentSumm�torM�n�ster�alstatementshaveservedtoprov�deadd�t�onalgu�dance,defin�t�onandclar�ficat�onasrequ�red.Takentogether,thesedocumentshelp todefine the typesof forces,assetsandcapab�l�t�es that theAll�ancerequ�restoundertakethefullrangeof�tsm�ss�ons.Theroleofdefenceplann�ng�stoplanforsuffic�enttotalcapab�l�ty�nnat�onsoftherequ�redforces,assetsandcapab�l�t�es.

Defenceplann�ng�ntheAll�ance�safundamentalelementwh�chenable�tsmembercountr�estoenjoythecruc�alpol�t�cal,m�l�taryandresourceadvantagesofcollect�vedefenceandothercommonm�l�taryeffortstoenhancesecur�tyandstab�l�ty. Itpreventstherenat�onal�sat�onofdefencepol�c�es,wh�lerecogn�s�ngnat�onal sovere�gnty. The a�m of defence plann�ng �s to prov�de a frameworkw�th�nwh�chnat�onalandNATOdefenceplann�ngcanbeharmon�sedsoastomeettheAll�ance’sagreedrequ�rements�nthemosteffect�veandeffic�entway.

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Inaccordancew�thparagraph10.d.oftheWash�ngtonSumm�tCommun�qué,NATOdefenceplann�ngmustalsoa�mat �ncorporat�ngmorecomprehens�velythe ava�lab�l�ty of forces for European Un�on (EU)-led operat�ons. Hence, anyreference �n th�sdocument to the «forcesandcapab�l�t�esneeded toconductthefullrangeoftheAll�ance’sm�ss�ons»,«All�ancerequ�rements»orequ�valents,�mpl�c�tly�ncludestherequ�rementsforEU-ledoperat�ons.Thedocumentent�tled«EUandNATO:CoherentandMutuallyRe�nforc�ngCapab�l�tyRequ�rements»hasbeenapprovedbytheCounc�landsetsoutthebas�carrangementstoenabletheEUandNATOaswellasthe�rmemberstatestoensurethecoherent,transparentand mutually re�nforc�ng development of the capab�l�ty requ�rements commontobothorgan�sat�ons.Thesearrangements (�nclud�ng, �nteral�a, theEU/NATOCapab�l�tyGroup,contactsbetweenEUandNATOsecretar�atsandm�l�tarystaffsatalllevels,andcross-part�c�pat�onof�nternat�onalandm�l�tarystaffsatrelevantmeet�ngs�nbothorgan�sat�ons)w�llbeemployedthroughouttheNATOdefenceplann�ngprocesssuchasforceplann�ng,whereappropr�ate.Thus,reference�nth�sdocumentto«tak�ngaccountof �nputsfromotherappropr�atebod�esandstaffs»�mpl�c�tly�ncludes�nputsfromtheEU/NATOCapab�l�tyGroupaswellasEU�nternat�onalandm�l�tarystaffs,asappropr�ate.

Defenceplann�ng�sacomprehens�veendeavourandhasseveralplann�ngd�sc�pl�nes, �nclud�ngarmaments,c�v�l emergency,C3 (consultat�on,commandand control), force, log�st�cs, nuclear and resource plann�ng. Each of thesed�sc�pl�nes,however, �smanagedbyad�fferentNATObodythatcontr�butestotheoveralla�md�fferentlyandappl�esspec�alprocedures.Theyoperateunderthed�rect�onoftheNorthAtlant�cCounc�l(NAC)ortheDefencePlann�ngComm�ttee(DPC),orboth,ortheNuclearPlann�ngGroup(NPG).There�s,therefore,acr�t�calrequ�rementtocoord�nateandharmon�setheact�v�t�esbetweenthed�sc�pl�nestothemax�mumextentposs�bletoensurethattheoveralla�mofdefenceplann�ng�sach�evedeffic�ently.In2006,theCPGwasagreed�norderto�mprovethecoord�nat�on and harmon�sat�on of the plann�ng effort. S�m�larly, there �s also aneedtocoord�nateandharmon�seact�v�t�es,asappl�cable,ofother�nter-relatedd�sc�pl�nes such as standard�sat�on and a�r defence, as well as strengthen�ngthe two-way l�nkages between force plann�ng and operat�onal plann�ng. forceplann�ngprov�desanessent�albas�sforth�scoord�nat�onandharmon�sat�on,by�dent�fy�ngboththerequ�redandava�lablecapab�l�t�esandforcesoveratenyearplann�ngper�od.

NATOLOGISTICSVISIONANDOBJECTIVES(V&O)

Introduction TheNATOLog�st�csV&Oor�g�natedfromanAutumn1999SNLCdec�s�ontobemore �nvolved�ndefenceandoperat�onalplann�ng. Inconsequence,theSNLCdevelopedtheNATOLog�st�cV&Otofac�l�tateacoherentNATOapproachonlog�st�c�ssuesbyprov�d�ngtheSNLCw�thamechan�smtocoord�nateandharmon�se,onbehalfoftheNACandtheM�l�taryComm�ttee(MC),thedevelopmentand�mplementat�onoflog�st�cpol�c�esand�n�t�at�vesw�th�nNATO.TheV&OalsoensuresthatNATO’sbroaderlog�st�cconcernsaretaken�ntoaccount�ndefenceplann�ng.

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TheNATOLog�st�cV&Ocons�stsofthreeelements:

- theoverarch�ngv�s�onforNATOlog�st�csforthenexttenyears;

- broadobject�vesthatarecloselyal�gnedw�ththeCPGandotherh�gherlevelgu�dance;and

- deta�ledrequ�rements that �dent�fy the requ�redact�ons,agents,andt�meframeforcomplet�on.

TheNATOLogisticsV&OProcess The NATO Log�st�cs V&O process cons�sts of three phases. Phase 1develops and approves of the v�s�on and object�ves. Phase 2 develops andapprovesthe�nd�v�dualrequ�rements.F�nally,Phase3mon�torsandmanagestheach�evementoftherequ�rements.

The NATO Defence Plann�ng per�od covers ten years, wh�le the ForcePlann�ngcyclecoversfouryearsw�thposs�bleupdatestotheDefenceM�n�ster�alGu�dance and force goals tak�ng place after two years �f requ�red. The NATOLog�st�csV&Oalsocoversatenyearper�od,and�supdatedeveryfouryears,w�tharev�ewtak�ngplaceaftertwoyears,�frequ�red.

Draw�ng�tsoverarch�nggu�dancefromthelatestCPG,theNATOLog�st�cV&O �s approved by the SNLC pr�or to the development and approval of theDefenceMGsothattheLog�st�cPlann�ngstaffcantake�t�ntoaccount�nthe�r�nputtotheDefenceMGandthedevelopmentand�ssueoftheDefencePlann�ngQuest�onna�re(DPQ).

Log�st�candlog�st�c-relatedcomm�tteesare�nv�tedtoco-operatew�ththeSNLC�nthecomplet�onoftheNATOLog�st�csV&O.

V&OReporting Progressonobject�ves�sreportedtotheSNLCthrough�tsAnnualLog�st�cReport, wh�ch �s also sent to Defence M�n�sters for notat�on. In add�t�on w�thcomply�ngw�th theSNLC’sTermsofReferencerequ�rement toreportannuallytoDefenceM�n�sters,thepract�ceoffocus�ngthereportontheaccompl�shmentof the V&O el�m�nates the need for add�t�onal reports. Add�t�onally, M�n�ster�alreact�ontotheAnnualLog�st�cReportshouldprov�devaluabled�rect�ontothestartofeachNATOLog�st�cV&Ocycle.

FORCEPLANNING Thea�mof forceplann�ng �s toensuretheava�lab�l�tyofnat�onal forcesandcapab�l�t�esforthefullrangeoftheAll�ance’sm�ss�onsbysett�ngtargetsfor�mplementat�onandassess�ngthedegreetowh�chthesetargetsarebe�ngmet.Theprocess�sbasedonthreesequent�alma�nelements,eachofwh�chhas�tsowndevelopmentcycle:

- Pol�t�calGu�dance;

- Plann�ngTargets;and

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- DefenceRev�ews.

Theseelementsformthebas�sforallmajoract�v�t�es�ntheforceplann�ngprocess.

Pol�t�cal Gu�dance prov�des general gu�dance relevant to all defenceplann�ngfieldsaswellasspec�ficgu�danceappl�cabletothe�nd�v�dualdefenceplann�ngd�sc�pl�nes,albe�tw�thapart�cularfocusonforceplann�ng.Tak�ng�ntoaccountthecurrentandprojectedstrateg�cenv�ronment,�nclud�ngpotent�alr�sksandchallenges,�taddressesthepol�t�cal,econom�c,technolog�calandm�l�taryfactorsthatcouldaffectthedevelopmentofAll�es’forcesandcapab�l�t�esandsetsout thepr�or�t�es, t�mel�nesandareasofconcern tobeaddressedby theNATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es(NMAs)andbynat�ons�nthe�rplann�ng.Itdealsw�thplann�ng for forcesandcapab�l�t�es requ�red for the full rangeof theAll�ance’sm�ss�ons, �nclud�ng h�gh-�ntens�ty operat�ons and operat�ons far from NATO’sterr�tory.Italsoprov�desgu�dance,whereappropr�ate,oncooperat�onw�thand/orsupporttootherorgan�sat�ons.

NATO plann�ng targets �n total are allocated to nat�ons based on the�rfa�rshareallocat�on.Eachnat�onaltarget �stranslated �ntoaforceproposalandsubsequentlytoaforcegoal,foreachnat�on.Thedeterm�nat�onofrequ�rements�sl�m�tedtothe�dent�ficat�onofthem�n�mumm�l�taryrequ�rement,�ntermsofthecapab�l�t�esneeded tomeetNATO’sLevelofAmb�t�on �n thepred�ctedsecur�tyenv�ronmentout to tenyears.Todoso, �tdrawsonextantpol�t�calandm�l�tarygu�dance, the latest NATO strateg�c �ntell�gence est�mate, the results of pastanalyses, lessons learnedfromoperat�onsaswellasconceptdevelopmentandexper�mentat�onandanyotherrelevantfactors.NATOForceGoalsformcollect�velyagreedtargetsfor�nd�v�dualnat�ons,seek�ngtheforcesandcapab�l�t�esneededtoconductthefullrangeoftheAll�ance’sm�ss�ons.NATOforcegoalsarepr�or�t�sedandmayemployastepbystepapproach,asappropr�ate.

TheNATOdefence rev�ew �s thecollect�ve scrut�nyandassessmentofeachnat�on’sforceandfinanc�alplansaga�nstthebackgroundoftheass�gnedNATOForceGoalsforaten-yearplann�ngper�od.Theplansforthefirsttwoyearsoftheplann�ngper�odconst�tuteafirmcomm�tmenttoNATObyeachcountry,w�threspecttothe�rcontr�but�ontocollect�vedefenceandan�nd�cat�onoftheava�lab�l�ty of forces and capab�l�t�es for other NATO m�ss�ons. Not only doesthedefencerev�ewofan�nd�v�dualnat�onprov�dethemechan�smtoassessthedegreetowh�chthetargetsforthatnat�onarebe�ngmet,butwhentheresultsoftherev�ewsofallnat�onsarecomp�led,thedefencerev�ewcyclealsopresentsa comprehens�ve assessment of the All�ance’s m�l�tary capab�l�t�es1, �nclud�ngany shortfalls, and prov�des an �nd�cat�on of the All�ance’s ab�l�ty to meet �tsrequ�rements,�nclud�ng�tsLevelofAmb�t�on.

Theforceplann�ngprocess�sessent�allycycl�cal�nnature,but�ncludessomenoncycl�calelementsaswell.Theagreementofboth theCPGand theDefenceMGsetsthestagefortheelaborat�onofplann�ngtargetswh�ch,when

1) Excluding those of France which does not participate in collective force planning. Also other references in this paper to NATO or the Alliance may, for that reason, apply only to the Allies participating in force planning.

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complete, prov�de the benchmark upon wh�ch the NATO Defence Rev�ew �sconducted.Inturn,theresultsoftheDefenceRev�ewfeed�ntothedevelopmentof the next pol�t�cal gu�dance, thereby beg�nn�ng the next cycle. There �s,however,flex�b�l�ty toensure that theprocess rema�ns respons�ve tochang�ngc�rcumstancesoftheAll�anceorofAll�es.Look�ngforwardtocoveraten-yearplann�ngper�od,NATOforceplann�ng�sconducted�nafour-yearcycle�nwh�chb�enn�alandquadrenn�alelementsconst�tuteacont�nuousandseamlessprocessw�thworkbe�ngcarr�edoutatvar�ouslevelss�multaneously�nd�fferentphasesofprocess.

Wh�le the prev�ous paragraph �nd�cates the cycl�cal nature of the forceplann�ngprocessand�tsma�nelements�ngeneralterms,anyoftheconst�tuentelementscanbeconductedonanad-hocbas�sshould�tbedeemednecessary.Forexample,amajor,unexpectedchange�nthesecur�tyenv�ronmentcouldresult�nanout-of-cyclerev�ewoftheextantpol�t�calgu�danceor�nthepromulgat�onof adapted NATO Force Goals. Furthermore, the �dent�ficat�on of cr�t�caloperat�onalrequ�rements/shortfallscould,�fjudgedappropr�ate,alsoresult�nthepromulgat�onofout-of-cycleforcegoalsdevelopedbymeansofanabbrev�atedstaffingprocedurewh�chmay,butneednotnecessar�ly,bebasedonDefenceRequ�rementsRev�ew-typeanalys�s.Toth�send,theDefenceRev�ewComm�ttee(DRC)w�llmon�tordevelopmentsclosely2.F�nally,wh�lenotnecess�tat�nganout-of-cyclerev�ew,nat�onsareexpectedtoupdatethe�rAll�esassoonasposs�bleonanymajorchangesto the�rdefencestructuresandplans,espec�ally �f theyaffectthe�rcomm�tment�nthenexttwoyears.

CombatSupport/CombatServiceSupport(CS/CSS) InMay2003theRe�nforcedNorthAtlant�cCounc�l(NAC(R))endorsedtheneedforadd�t�onal�n�t�at�vestoovercometheshortage�njo�ntCSandCSSun�ts.TheNAC(R)taskedtheInternat�onalStaff(IS)andtheNMAstodevelopconcreteproposals for cons�derat�ononposs�bleways to �mprove capab�l�t�es �n theseareasbyexplo�t�ngroleshar�ngandrolespec�al�sat�on.ThesubsequentworkoftheISandtheNMAswas�nfluencedbythefactthatforthefirstt�methemajor�tyofCSandCSSrequ�rementsatcorpsandtheatrelevelswereaddressedtothenat�onsconcerned.Parallelworkonthedevelopmentofconcreteproposalsto�mproveCSandCSSwasthereforedelayedunt�lan�n�t�alassessmentcouldbemadeonthedegreetowh�chtheseCSandCSSrequ�rementswerel�kelytobeacceptedand�mplementedbynat�ons.

Basedonthem�l�taryassessmentoftheacceptancebynat�onsoftheCS/CSSrequ�rementsconcreteproposalsweredevelopedto�mproveth�ss�tuat�on.The scope of the problem �nd�cates that solut�ons need to take a broaderapproach,�nclud�ng�ncreasedcomm�tmentby�nd�v�dualnat�ons,roleshar�ng,rolespec�al�sat�on,theuseofcontractorsandtheformat�onofstand�ngmult�nat�onallog�st�csun�ts.Th�sbroadapproachmustalsoprov�detheopportun�tyfornat�onsw�ll�ng tospec�al�se �nn�chesupportcapab�l�t�es, todosow�thoutnecessar�lycomm�tt�ngcombatforces.

2) The need for developing out-of-cycle force goals may also be a consequence of work done by the Executive Working Group or other bodies.

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MANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICINFORMATION NATOLog�st�csPol�cy3statesthatNat�onsandNATOauthor�t�eshaveacollect�verespons�b�l�tyforlog�st�csupportbetweenNATOandNat�ons.Nat�onsmustensurethatadequatelog�st�csupport�sprov�dedtothe�rforcesallocatedtoNATOdur�ngpeace,cr�s�s,andconfl�ctt�mes,bothw�th�nNATOboundar�esand�nsupportofoutofareaoperat�ons.However,tocomplyw�ththeagreedpr�nc�pleof collect�ve respons�b�l�ty for log�st�cs, nat�ons are expected to put �n placemeasuresorenablerstoenhanceco-operat�onandmult�nat�onal�ty�nlog�st�cs.The All�ance’s New Strateg�c Concept requ�res t�mely and accurate log�st�c�nformat�on for effic�ent management and co-ord�nat�on of support to NATOforces.Th�shas resulted �n theneed forcloseco-ord�nat�onandco-operat�ondur�ngNATOmult�nat�onaloperat�ons.NATOhastakenaproact�veapproachtomeetcurrentandfuture�nformat�onrequ�rements.

RegulatoryFrameworkforaLogisticsInformationSystemArchitecture(LOGIS) The Regulatory Framework4 prov�des a management env�ronment for�nformat�onandcommun�cat�onsystemsandserv�cesthatg�vesthepr�nc�plesfor a log�st�c �nformat�on system arch�tecture. It �s the means to develop an�nformat�on system arch�tecture to gu�de development and harmon�sat�on ofex�st�ngandfutureAll�ancelog�st�crelatedsystems.

Th�sdocumentdescr�besthekeyrequ�rementsandgu�d�ngpr�nc�plesforthedevelopmentand�mplementat�onofaNATOLOGISarch�tecture.Thus,thearch�tecture should prov�de easy access to “the r�ght �nformat�on, at the r�ghtt�me,byther�ghtpeople”.

The Regulatory Framework calls for part�c�pat�on on a case-by-casebas�sfromanyorallNATOnat�ons,NATOorgan�sat�ons,NATOagenc�es,non-NATO-nat�ons,organ�sat�onsor�ndustry.Itsmanagement,harmon�sat�onandcoord�nat�onshouldbepartoftherespons�b�l�tyofanInformat�onTechnology(IT)managementbody,wh�chhastobebu�ltupbyfuturepart�c�pants �naLOGISenv�ronment.

LogisticsInformationManagementGroup(LOGIMG) TheLOG IMG �sNATO’ssen�or log�st�c �nformat�onmanagementbody.The group was establ�shed to rev�ew, assess and then recommend NATO’slog�st�cs�nformat�onrequ�rementstotheSNLC.TheLOGIMG�srespons�bletodevelopandma�nta�nNATO’sLog�st�ch�ghlevelbus�nessprocessmodelwh�ch�susedtomapcurrentandemerg�ngNATO�nformat�onsystemstothemodel.Gapanalys�s�susedtodeterm�nem�ss�ngfunct�onal�ty.TheLOGIMGworksw�thnat�onalm�l�taryauthor�t�es,NATObod�es,nat�onsand�ndustrywhenappl�cable,to leverage ex�st�ng efforts. The LOG IMG ma�nta�ns close l�a�son w�th NATOagenc�es.

3) MC 319/2

4) EAPC(SNLC)D(2002)21, 23 August 2002, SNLC Regulatory Framework for a Logistics Information System Architecture

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LogisticFunctionalServices(LOGFS)InformationManagementWorkingGroup(LOGFSIMWG) The LOGFS IM WG �s the Strateg�c Commands pr�nc�ple �nformat�onsystems and techn�cal group. The LOGFS IM WG �s led by HQ SACT andsupportedbyACOandothersNATOReg�onalCommanddeal�ngw�thDoctr�nal/Operat�onalandTechn�calaspectsoftheLOGFS.Thegroup�srespons�bleformanag�ng the LOGFS Capab�l�t�es Package (CP), co-ord�nat�ng �nformat�ontechnologyaspectsoftheSc�ent�ficProgramofWork(SPOW),coord�nat�onoflog�st�cs IT exper�ments, ma�nta�n�ng relat�ons w�th and prov�d�ng d�rect�on toNC3AandNCSA,andprov�d�ngovers�ghtforLOGFSrelatedTra�n�ngatLat�na(Italy).

The group also serves as the SCs forum to d�scuss and pr�or�t�se allLOGFS�ssuesfromthevar�ouscomponentsoftheLOGFSsu�teto�ncludecurrentproblemsandfuturedevelopments.Bes�des,�tadm�n�stratestherelat�onsh�poftheLOGFSusercommun�tyw�thNC3AandNCSA.

LOGISTICREADINESSANDSUSTAINABILITY

LogisticReadiness Read�ness �s a key pr�nc�ple of the NATO Force Structure (NFS) toensuretheava�lab�l�tyoftheNFSHQsandforcesass�gnedtotheAll�anceonapermanentortemporarybas�sforthefullrangeoftheAll�ance’sm�ss�ons.Theread�nessass�gnedtoanHQorun�t�sdefined�nMC317/1as“theper�odoft�memeasuredfroman�n�t�at�onordertothemomentwhentheHQorun�t�sreadytoperform�tstaskfrom�tspeacet�melocat�onorwhen�t�sreadyfordeployment”.NATO’sread�nessdefin�t�ondoesnot�ncludethet�metomovetoandw�th�ntheJo�ntOperat�onArea(JOA)andthet�metobereadytoperform�tsm�ss�ononcedeployed.Regardlessof�tsread�nesscategory,be�ng“ready”means,foraun�t,that�t�sfullymanned,tra�ned,equ�ppedandprov�dedw�ththerequ�redsuppl�es,and�satorgan�sat�onalstrengthat�tspeacet�mepermanentlocat�onorforwarddeployedlocat�on,orreadyfordeployment.

Nat�onalandNATOlog�st�cplansmustensurethatsuffic�entquant�tyandqual�tyoflog�st�cresourcesareava�lableatthesameread�nessanddeployab�l�tylevelstosupportforcesunt�lsucht�measastable,robustre-supplysystemhasbeen establ�shed. Log�st�c plann�ng must also take �nto account the act�v�t�esundertakenbyaforceuptothepo�ntwhenTransferofAuthor�ty(TOA)occurs.Nat�ons and NATO should apply the same log�st�c cr�ter�a to �n-place forces.Log�st�cun�tsmaybedeployedearlyasenabl�ngforcestoact�vatethel�nesofcommun�cat�onandthereforemayneedtobelongtoah�gherread�nesscategorythantheun�tstheysupport.Thequant�tyandqual�tyoflog�st�cresourcesrequ�redtoprov�desupporttoaforcemustcovertheent�rem�ss�onspectrumthattheseforces could be expected to perform. The read�ness of log�st�c resources �sach�eved through establ�sh�ng the capab�l�ty to prov�de the requ�red support,�nclud�ngthefullprov�s�onofstocksandassets,w�th�nthespec�fiedread�nesst�me,e�therbystockp�l�ngorbyotherarrangements.Nat�onsmustpaypart�cularattent�on toLongLeadT�me Items (LLTI)wh�chcannototherw�sebeobta�ned

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w�th�ntheread�nesspreparat�ont�metoensurethatsuffic�entstockp�lesofthese�tems are held to meet the log�st�c ava�lab�l�ty and subsequent susta�nab�l�tyrequ�rementsofthe�rforces.

LogisticSustainability Log�st�csusta�nab�l�tymustmeetNATO’slevelofamb�t�ondefined�ntheDefencePlann�ngComm�tteeM�n�ster�alGu�dance. In l�new�th theparametersof the new NFS, the log�st�c systems, structures and resources must prov�dethecapab�l�tytoprojectandtosusta�ncombatpowerfortheforeseendurat�onofoperat�ons,w�th�ncreasedemphas�sonCr�s�sResponseOperat�ons(CRO)s.Log�st�c susta�nab�l�ty requ�res suffic�ent deployable and �n-place log�st�csupportforallelementsoftheforcestructure.Th�sw�ll�ncludemed�calsupport,equ�pmentma�ntenance,stocks,andlog�st�c�nfrastructure.Log�st�csusta�nmentstartswhenforcegenerat�onact�v�t�esare�n�t�atedanda�msatma�nta�n�ngthecombat power of the forces throughout the durat�on of the operat�on. A keyaspect�ssusta�n�ngtherequ�redstockp�lelevelstated�nthespec�ficOperat�onPlan (OPLAN)orbynat�onal author�t�es. Theoverall susta�nab�l�ty requ�rementw�llbeder�ved from themost log�st�callydemand�ngcomb�nat�onofscalesofeffort,concurrency,enduranceand read�ness, temperedbyanagreed levelofoperat�onalr�skandtherequ�redread�nessandpreparat�ont�me.Overalllog�st�csusta�nab�l�ty requ�rements w�ll take �nto account the ava�lab�l�ty of read�nessstocks.

As stated �n MC 55/4, nat�ons should ma�nta�n appropr�ate suffic�entsuppl�es, ava�lable w�th�n the read�ness categor�es, to susta�n the�r forcescomm�tted to NATO for the full range of potent�al m�ss�ons, as �dent�fied �ntheDefenceRequ�rementRev�ew (DRR).Nat�onsmust ensure that,w�th�n thepreparat�on t�me of �nd�v�dual read�ness categor�es, the read�ness stockp�lerequ�rementsforforces�nthosecategor�es,andthesusta�nab�l�tyrequ�rementsaremetbyam�xof:

- ma�nta�n�ngadequatestocks;

- assured access to �ndustr�al capab�l�t�es w�th adequate surgecapac�ty;

- b�-/mult�lateralagreements;

- cont�ngencycontracts;and

- othermeans,�nclud�ngcontractorsupporttooperat�ons.

Nat�onsrely�ngon�ndustr�alsurgetoaddressrequ�rementsmustensurethat�ndustryhasthecapac�tytorespond�nthet�mescalesrequ�redandoverthedurat�onnecessary,part�cularlywheresuppl�ersmaybeaskedtorespondtotheneedsofmorethanonenat�onand/ortothec�v�lsector.

NATOSTOCKPILEPLANNING

StockpileRequirements Nat�ons may use a comb�nat�on of methods to ach�eve stockp�le

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requ�rements for read�ness dur�ng the warn�ng and preparat�on t�me for un�ts.These�ncluderout�nestockp�l�ngofmater�elthatcannotbeobta�neddur�ngthepreparat�on t�meof �nd�v�dual read�nesscategor�es, acqu�s�t�on �n total orpartby assured access to �ndustr�al capab�l�t�es w�th adequate surge capac�ty, b�-ormult�lateralarrangementsandcont�ngencycontracts.Themethodsselectedw�llneedtotake�ntoaccount�ndustr�alandcommerc�almarketcons�derat�ons,procurement leadt�mes,strateg�c transportat�onava�lab�l�tyandw�dersecur�tycons�derat�ons �n respect of access to strateg�c mater�el. To determ�ne thenecessarystockstoach�eveforceread�ness,thekeyfactor�sthet�merequ�redtoestabl�shrobustre-supplyarrangements,�nclud�ngtheava�lab�l�tyofstrateg�cl�ftforlog�st�csusta�nab�l�ty,andtheab�l�tyof�ndustryandcommercetorespondw�th�nthepreparat�onper�odof�nd�v�dualread�nesscategor�es.Throughanalys�sof demand�ng DRR plann�ng s�tuat�ons, a un�t bas�c load, the re-supply cyclet�me and pre TOA requ�rements, the SCs have calculated the requ�rementtobe �npr�nc�ple30StandardDaysofSupply (SDOS).Therefore, fordefenceplann�ng purposes, un�ts requ�re 30 SDOS ava�lable to be operat�onally readyfordeploymentw�th�ntheun�tread�nesst�me.Whereanat�on�sunabletomeetthe full30SDOSread�ness requ�rement, thenat�onshouldconsult theSCs todeterm�netheopt�ons.

To support nat�onal gener�c and long term stockp�le plann�ng w�th�ntheoverallDefencePlann�ngProcess, theSCsare respons�ble fordevelop�ngstockp�le requ�rements �nconsultat�onw�thnat�onsandpubl�sh�ngthem�n theStockp�le Plann�ng Gu�dance (SPG) to nat�ons. The SPG �s harmon�sed w�ththe NATO ForcePlann�ng Processand shouldprov�deadequategu�dance forallclassesofsupply.However,wherenosuchgu�dancecanbeg�ven,nat�onalplann�ngfactorsshouldapply.Inthesecases,requ�rementsshouldbeestabl�shedatlevelscons�stentw�ththese�temscoveredbygu�dance.

NATOStockpilePlanningGuidance Although M�n�ster�al Gu�dance and the Force Plann�ng process can becons�dered as the pr�mary process for NATO capab�l�t�es plann�ng, add�t�onaldeta�l�softenrequ�redtoperm�tlog�st�csplann�ngacross�tsfunct�onald�sc�pl�nes.Statementsl�ke“nat�onsshouldholdam�n�mumstocklevelofammun�t�on”or“nat�onsshouldprov�desuffic�entlog�st�cun�tstosupportthe�rcombatforces”meanl�ttlebythemselves.Somestandardofmeasurement�snecessarytoclar�fywhatthestatementmeans.Th�s�sach�evedby:

- MC 55/4, Read�ness and Susta�nab�l�ty Pol�cy, wh�ch addressesread�nesscr�ter�aandsusta�nab�l�typarameters tobeused �n force,operat�onal and log�st�c plann�ng. All Classes of Supply (COS),�nclud�ngmed�calsuppl�es,arecoveredbyMC55/4;and

- theNATOStockp�lePlann�ngGu�dance(SPG)usescomputermodel�ngtocomputebattledec�s�vemun�t�onsforLand,A�r,A�rDefence,andMar�t�meForces.Theserequ�rementsarebasedonatargetor�entedapproachandmodeled�ntheAll�edCommandResourceOpt�m�sat�onSoftware System (ACROSS). The requ�rements for all other classes

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of supply are calculated us�ng the Susta�nment Plann�ng Module II(SPMII),wh�ch�sbasedonthelevelofeffortmethodology(30SDOS)and�sbe�ngrefinedtoest�mateda�lyconsumpt�onacrossavar�etyofoperat�onalcond�t�ons.TheSPG�s�ssuedtonat�onseverytwoyearsandtheresultsarereported�ntheDPQ.

The SPG �s the express�on of the NATO requ�rement for all classes ofsupply. It �sproducedbyACT,w�th the �nput fromACO,bynat�onsattend�ngtheStockp�lePlann�ngComm�ttee.Oncerece�ved,nat�onscomputetheopt�malmun�t�onseffect�venessbasedoncurrent�nventor�esandplannedprocurement,andthenreporttheresults�ntheDPQ.Shortfalls�nmeet�ngtheagreedmun�t�onsor other stockp�le levels are d�scussed at the SPC and dur�ng force plann�ngconsultat�onsw�thnat�ons.

NATOMILITARYCOMMONFUNDEDRESOURCES

Introduction M�l�tary common-funded programmes have always been and mustrema�nan�mportantaspectofthecooperat�onamongstAll�es5.NATO’sm�l�tarycommonresourcescons�stoftheNATOSecur�tyInvestmentProgramme(NSIP),theM�l�taryBudgetandInternat�onalManpower.TheNSIP,formerlyknownastheNATOInfrastructureProgramme,fundscommon�nvestmentprojects�nsupportoftheAll�ance’scapab�l�t�es.TheM�l�taryBudgetfundsessent�allythecommonoperat�on and ma�ntenance costs of NATO’s �ntegrated m�l�tary structure.Internat�onalManpowerprov�desthenecessarymann�ngofthatstructure.

SeniorResourceBoard(SRB) TheSRB �s a subs�d�arybodyof theCounc�lw�thoverall respons�b�l�tyfor common-fundedm�l�tary resourcemanagement. It �s cha�redbyanat�onalcha�rman and composed of sen�or nat�onal representat�ves from membercountr�es,representat�vesfromtheM�l�taryComm�ttee(MC),ACO,ACT,M�l�taryBudgetComm�ttee(MBC),InfrastructureComm�ttee(IC)andtheNATODefenceManpowerComm�ttee(NDMC).Thema�nobject�vesoftheSRBare:

- to prov�de coord�nated adv�ce to the Counc�l/Defence Plann�ngComm�ttee (DPC) on the ava�lab�l�ty, management and allocat�on ofresources;

- toprov�dea forumforcons�der�ng the resource �mpl�cat�onsofnew�n�t�at�vesofcommonconcern;

- toopt�m�zem�d-and longer termm�l�tarycommon-funded resourcemanagement and to prov�de max�mum flex�b�l�ty �n the resourceallocat�onprocess;and

- to cons�der and endorse capab�l�ty packages for Counc�l/DPCapproval,pr�mar�lyfromaresourceallocat�onpo�ntofv�ew.

5) Ministerial Guidance 1997

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InfrastructureCommittee The IC �s cha�red by the Ass�stant Secretary General for DefenceInvestment, (ASG/DI), w�th the D�rector of the Secur�ty Investment D�rectorateserv�ng as the Permanent Cha�rman. It �s respons�ble, w�th�n the broad pol�cygu�danceprov�dedbytheSRB,forthe�mplementat�onoftheNSIP,asapprovedbytheCounc�l/DPC.Inth�srespect,theIC:

- screens projects �ncluded �n the NSIP, pr�mar�ly from the techn�calandfinanc�alpo�ntofv�ew,alsotak�ng�ntoaccounteconom�calandpol�t�calaspects,agree�ngthe�rdeta�ledel�g�b�l�tyforcommonfund�ng�naccordancew�thapprovedgu�del�nes;

- grants author�zat�ons to Host Nat�ons to comm�t funds for suchprojects;

- dec�desonprocurement�ssues,�nclud�ngd�sputes;

- formallyaccepts�mplementedprojects;

- manages the programme from a financ�al po�nt of v�ew w�th�n theoveralll�m�tssetbytheSRBandapprovedbytheCounc�l;and

- callsforwardpaymentsfromcontr�but�ngnat�ons�naccordancew�thapprovedexpend�tureforecasts.

MilitaryBudgetCommittee(MBC) TheMBC�srespons�bleformanag�ngtheInternat�onalM�l�taryBudget.Toth�send,theMBC:

- �ssuespol�cyandgu�dance to theNATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es (NMAs)for thepreparat�onandsubm�ss�onofmed�um termfinanc�alplans;rev�ews these plans and formulates recommendat�ons to the SRBconcern�ngresourceallocat�onandfutureplann�ngparameters;

- �ssues pol�cy and gu�dance to the NMAs for the preparat�on andsubm�ss�on,w�th�napproved resourceallocat�ons,ofannualbudgetest�mates;rev�ewstheseest�matesandformulatesrecommendat�onstotheCounc�lforthe�rapproval;

- mon�tors the execut�on of the approved budgets and author�sesadjustmentstotheauthor�sedbudgetswh�chexceedthepowersoftheF�nanc�alControllers;and

- prov�des adv�ce to the Counc�l on a range of �nternat�onal m�l�tarybudgetmatters,suchasthegrant�ngof�nternat�onalstatustom�l�tarybod�es,mod�ficat�onsto�nternat�onalc�v�l�anpersonnelestabl�shmentsandreportsbytheInternat�onalBoardofAud�tors.

NATODefenceManpowerCommittee(NDMC) TheNDMC�sanMCsub-comm�tteew�thoverall�nternat�onalmanpowermanagementrespons�b�l�ty,tak�ng�ntoaccountbroadresourcepol�cygu�danceoftheSRB.Inth�srespect,theNDMC’sma�ntasksare:

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- to adv�se the MC on manpower pol�c�es and ce�l�ngs, current andforecast;

- toscreentheNATODefenceManpowerPlanw�thav�ewto�nv�t�ngtheapprovaloftheMCtotheproposalsforthefirstyear,and�tsapproval�npr�nc�pletothoseforsubsequentyearsformanpowerandfinanc�alplann�ngpurposes;

- to cons�der proposals for var�at�ons �n m�l�tary establ�shmentssubm�ttedbytheNMAs;

- to conduct rev�ews as necessary of �nternat�onal manpower posts;and

- toadv�setheMConNATOpersonnelpol�cy.

TheMedium-TermResourcePlan(MTRP) TheMTRPcovers resourceplann�ng for the follow�ngbudget year andthefoursubsequentplann�ngyears. It �sforwardedbytheSRBtotheCounc�lfordec�s�onatthebeg�nn�ngofeachyear. It �sessent�allyaresourceplann�ngdocument, express�ng resource requ�rements �n broad quant�tat�ve terms. Byexpress�ng budgetary requ�rements w�th�n the Capab�l�ty Package framework,theMTRPestabl�shesthel�nkbetweenNATO’sm�l�tarycommonresourcesandtheAll�ance’sstrateg�cobject�ves.

The MTRP prov�des an overv�ew of the med�um term feas�b�l�ty andaffordab�l�tyofprev�ouslyendorsedandfutureprogrammes,�nclud�ngmanpower.The MTRP addresses �ssues wh�ch are of part�cular relevance to each of them�l�tarycommonresourcesofNSIP,m�l�tarybudgetand�nternat�onalmanpower.Spec�fically, the MTRP sets resource allocat�on ce�l�ngs for the NSIP and them�l�tarybudgetforthenextbudgetyearandprov�desplann�ngce�l�ngsforthefollow�ngfourplann�ngyears.

CapabilityPackages(CPs) TheCapab�l�tyPackageprocessl�nksm�l�tarycommonfund�ngw�ththebroaderAll�ancedefenceplann�ngprocess.It�dent�fiestheassetsneeded,bothcommon-fundedandnat�onal,fortheAll�ancetohavethecapab�l�t�estoperform�tsm�ss�ons.Itspec�fically�ntegratesthe�nvestment,operat�onandma�ntenanceand �nternat�onalmanpoweraspects.Thereare fourd�st�nctphases �n theCPprocess:CPdefin�t�on,CPdevelopmentandsubm�ss�on,CPapprovalandCP�mplementat�on.

CPDefinition MC Gu�dance for Defence Plann�ng ampl�fies the Pr�nc�pal M�l�taryRequ�rements(PMR)and�dent�fiestherequ�redm�l�taryfunct�ons.Th�sformsthebas�sforthedevelopmentbytheNMAsofthe�rrequ�redcapab�l�t�es.TheSCs,�nconsultat�onw�thHostNat�ons,Agenc�esandusernat�ons,developtheCPsthatsupporttherequ�redcapab�l�t�esw�th�nthe�rareaofrespons�b�l�ty.Therearenofixedgu�del�nesastowhatconst�tutesaproperlys�zedCP.However,�t�sclear

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that aCPmustbemanageable �n termsof scope, cost and �mplementab�l�ty.Thecostandcomplex�tymustbesuchastoallowpackageexecut�onw�th�nareasonablet�meframe,normallyfivetosevenyearsfromthet�meofapproval.

CPDevelopmentandSubmission At th�s stage, the SCs �dent�fy add�t�onal requ�rements by compar�ngrequ�redassetstoava�lableassets.Thefollow�ngstepscanbe�dent�fied:

- the �dent�ficat�on of those m�n�mum resources (forces, armaments,log�st�cs,and�nfrastructureassets)thatmustbeava�labletoaccompl�shtherequ�redcapab�l�ty;

- thedeterm�nat�onofthose�nstallat�onswh�chcurrentlyex�sttosat�sfytherequ�redcapab�l�ty�dent�fied�nthestepdescr�bedabove;and

- theselect�onof those �nstallat�onsava�lable tosupport the requ�redcapab�l�ty together w�th the related common-funded Operat�onand Ma�ntenance costs and NATO Manpower. If ex�st�ng NATOor nat�onal �nfrastructure assets are not adequate to support therequ�redcapab�l�ty, th�sstepmust �dent�fye�thercommonfundedornat�onally fundedadd�t�onal �nvestment requ�rements,e�ther fornew�nstallat�on(s)ortosat�sfyshortfalls�nex�st�ng�nstallat�ons,�nclud�ngtherelat�ontocommon-fundedOperat�onandMa�ntenancecostsandNATOManpower.

CPApproval CPs are subm�tted to NATO HQ for approval. The IS, together w�ththe Internat�onal M�l�tary Staff (IMS), prepares a jo�nt screen�ng report to becons�deredbyboththeSRBandtheMC.Th�sreportw�lladdressthefeas�b�l�ty,�mplementab�l�ty, el�g�b�l�ty for common-fund�ng and affordab�l�ty w�th�n theagreedMTRPplann�ngframework.TheSRB’spr�maryfocus�sonaffordab�l�ty.TheMCcons�dersCPsfromam�l�taryrequ�rementpo�ntofv�ew,ass�gn�ngthem�l�tarypr�or�tyonwh�chbas�sCPsw�llcompeteforfund�ng.

Counc�l/DPC approval of the CP const�tutes a comm�tment that thenecessaryresources,�nclud�ng�nternat�onalmanpower,w�llbemadeava�lable.

CPImplementation Implementat�on of CPs �s the respons�b�l�ty of the �mplementat�oncomm�tteesandthehostnat�ons.ForthoseCPsforwh�chadd�t�onal�nvestment�s necessary, the Infrastructure Comm�ttee �s respons�ble for manag�ng the�mplementat�on of the common-funded �nvestments. Both the MBC andthe NDMC are �nvolved �n manag�ng the prov�s�on of suffic�ent operat�on andma�ntenancesupportand�nternat�onalmanpower.

NATOSecurityInvestmentProgramme The IC has overall management respons�b�l�ty over the NSIP. New�nvestment requ�rements w�ll be agreed on the bas�s of the secur�ty needs oftheAll�anceand,consequently,el�g�b�l�tyforcommon-fund�ngw�llnotconst�tute

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anyent�tlement.Part�cularemphas�sw�llbeplaceduponthefac�l�t�esneededtomeetcr�s�smanagementrequ�rements:commun�cat�ons,commandandcontrol,�nformat�ongather�ng,mob�l�ty,flex�b�l�tyofemployment,re�nforcementact�v�t�esand re supply. Thebas�cpr�nc�pleof el�g�b�l�ty for common-fund�ngunder theNSIP�sthatrequ�rementsshouldbeoverandabovethosethatcouldreasonablybeexpectedtobemadeava�lablefromnat�onalresources.

The current NSIP �s based upon NATO’s overall requ�rements. Pr�or�tyobject�ves�nclude:

- supporttoongo�ngandplannedCROs;

- flex�bleanddeployablecommandandcontrolofland,a�randmar�t�meforces;

- a�rdefence,surve�llance,reconna�ssanceand�ntell�gence;

- log�st�csupportandre-supply;

- controlofl�nesofcommun�cat�on;

- tra�n�ngsupportandexerc�sefac�l�t�es;

- nuclearcapab�l�t�es;and

- consultat�on.

TheMilitaryBudget TheMBChasoverallmanagementrespons�b�l�tyoverthem�l�tarybudget.The Internat�onal M�l�tary Budget prov�des for the operat�ng and ma�ntenancecosts(�nclud�ngpersonnelandoperat�ngcosts,m�ss�onoperat�ngexpensesandcap�talexpend�tures)ofthenetworkofNATO�nternat�onalm�l�taryheadquarters,programmesandagenc�es.S�xmajorbudgetarygroupscanbedeterm�ned:

- Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons,prov�d�ngfortheoperat�onofthetheatreheadquartersofNATO’sdeployedm�ss�ons;

- NATO A�rborne Early Warn�ng (NAEW) System, prov�d�ng for theoperat�onandcontroloftheNAEWfleetofa�rcraft;

- All�ed Command Operat�ons, �nclud�ng �ts network of subs�d�aryCommands,ProgrammesandAgenc�es;

- All�edCommandTransformat�on, �nclud�ng �tsnetworkof subs�d�aryCommands,ProgrammesandAgenc�es;

- theIMSGroups,wh�chalso�ncludesthebudgetssuchasthosefortheNATODefenceCollege,theAdv�soryGroupforAerospaceResearchandDevelopment(AGARD)andtheNATOA�r,CommandandControlSystemManagementAgency(NACMA);and

- theNATOConsultat�on,CommandandControlAgency(NC3A).

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STANDARDISATIONANDINTEROPERABILITY

Introduction ThroughNATOStandard�sat�on,theAll�esw�llenhancethe�rcapab�l�tytoperformthewholerangeofNATOtasksandm�ss�ons.NATOstandard�sat�onalsoaddsapol�t�calvalueasanoutwarddemonstrat�onofcooperat�onandsol�dar�ty.Therefore,NATOpol�cy�stoencouragenat�onsandNATOauthor�t�estodevelop,agree and �mplement common concepts, doctr�nes, procedures, cr�ter�a anddes�gns to enhance the All�ance’s operat�onal effect�veness and �mprove theeffic�ency�nuseofava�lablem�l�taryresources.

The �ncreas�ng need for All�ance co operat�on �n the development andma�ntenanceofmult�nat�onalforcesforallm�ss�onsdemandsmoreflex�b�l�tytomeetbroaderandlesspred�ctabler�sks,andtoensureavar�etyofm�l�tarycr�s�smeasures.G�venthecurrentemphas�splacedoncooperat�on�nPeaceSupportOperat�ons(PSOs),comb�nedefforts, �nclud�ngw�thPartners,shouldbemade�n thefieldof standard�sat�on.Formult�nat�onal format�ons, theoverallmutualcooperat�onbetweenallforcesandun�ts�sessent�al.Th�srequ�resas�gn�ficantlevelofstandard�sat�on.

Majorchanges�ntheAll�ance,�nvolv�ngnewandmoredel�catem�ss�ons,Partnersh�pforPeace(PfP)andNATO’senlargementw�llnecess�tateclearlydefinedstandard�sat�onparametersandw�llrequ�reanappropr�atelevelofstandard�sat�ontoallowcollaborat�veoperat�ons,tra�n�ngandexerc�ses�nNATOlednon-Art�cle5 operat�ons (�nclud�ng PSOs, search and rescue, human�tar�an operat�onsandcr�s�smanagement). Inpart�cular, the �dent�ficat�onand �mplementat�onof�nteroperab�l�tyobject�vesforPfPnat�onsw�llbecome�ncreas�ngly�mportant,asw�llthe�r�nvolvementand�ntegrat�on�nthestandard�sat�onprocess.

Theproduct�onandma�ntenanceofNATOStandard�sat�onAgreements(STANAGs)andAll�edPubl�cat�ons(APs)�slargelytherespons�b�l�tyoftheNATOStandard�sat�onAgency (NSA)supportedby theTask�ngAuthor�t�es (TAs).TheTAscons�stoftheMC,theConferenceofNat�onalArmamentD�rectors(CNAD),the NATO A�r Defence Comm�ttee (NADC), the NATO Consultat�on CommandandControlBoard(NC3B),theNATOP�pel�neComm�ttee(NPC),theSen�orC�v�lEmergency Plann�ng Comm�ttee (SCEPC), the SNLC and others as requ�red.The NSA ma�nta�ns the NATO Standard�sat�on Programme (NSP), wh�ch �s anautomated tool conta�n�ng key All�ance Standard�zat�on R(ASRs)requ�rementsandselectedobject�vesforAll�ancestandard�sat�onobject�ves.

Definition W�th�n NATO, standard�sat�on �s the process of develop�ng and�mplement�ng concepts, doctr�nes, procedures and des�gns to ach�eve andma�nta�nthecompat�b�l�ty,�nterchangeab�l�tyorcommonal�tywh�charenecessarytoatta�ntherequ�redlevelof�nteroperab�l�tyortoopt�m�setheuseofresources,�nthefieldsofoperat�ons,mater�elandadm�n�strat�on.Thelevelsofstandard�sat�onare, �n ascend�ng order, compat�b�l�ty, �nteroperab�l�ty, �nterchangeab�l�ty andcommonal�ty.

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Aim Thea�mofNATOstandard�sat�on�stoenhancetheAll�ance’soperat�onaleffect�veness through the atta�nment of �nteroperab�l�ty among NATO forces,andadd�t�onallybetweenNATOforcesandforcesofPartnersandothernat�ons,�mprov�ngtherebyeffic�ency�ntheuseofava�lableresources.

Industry’s capab�l�ty to sat�sfy m�l�tary requ�rements belongs ent�rely tothe econom�c system of the member nat�ons; consequently, the ach�evementofNATOstandard�sat�on�sh�ghlydependentonthepol�t�calw�lloftheAll�estocomm�tthemselvestothenecessaryefforts.

PrinciplesofNATOStandardisation Thefollow�ngpr�nc�plesgu�detheappl�cat�onofNATOStandard�sat�on:

- GeneralAllianceObjectives.Standard�sat�on�snotanend�n�tself.The need for standard�sat�on �s der�ved from the overall pol�t�calobject�vesoftheNorthAtlant�cTreaty,andspec�ficallyfromtheAll�anceStrateg�cConceptandtheM�n�ster�alGu�dancefordefenceplann�ngact�v�t�es�nNATO.

- Harmonisationof standardisation with NATO defence planning.Coord�nat�onamongNATOdefenceplann�ngd�sc�pl�nes�sessent�alfor harmon�sat�on and ach�evement of �nteroperab�l�ty. For nat�onsconcerned,forceplann�ng�sakeyfocusforthestandard�sat�onprocessthroughtheforcegoalsanddefencerev�ewcycles.Partnersh�pGoalsaddressstandard�sat�onrequ�rements toNat�onspart�c�pat�ng �n thePfP Plann�ng and Rev�ew Process (PARP). Implementat�on �s thenrev�ewed�nPARPAssessment.

- Unityofeffort.Un�tyofeffort�senhancedbyharmon�sat�onandcoord�nat�onofstandard�sat�onact�v�t�esw�thNat�ons,SCsandSen�orNATOComm�tteesthroughtheNATOStandard�sat�onOrgan�sat�on.

- Useofcivilstandards.TheAll�ancew�llusesu�tablec�v�lstandardsto the max�mum pract�cable extent. Only when no appl�cable c�v�lstandard�sava�lable,w�llaNATOstandardbedeveloped.

- Attainmentof standardisation level. Nat�ons should ach�eve thelevelsofstandard�sat�on�nd�cated�ntheStandard�sat�onRequ�rement.The levels of standard�sat�on are, �n ascend�ng order, compat�b�l�ty,�nteroperab�l�ty,�nterchangeab�l�tyandcommonal�ty.

- Feedback.FeedbackonfulfilmentofStandard�sat�onRequ�rementsand�mplementat�onofStandard�sat�onAgreements�sanessent�alpartofthestandard�sat�onprocess.

- National commitment. In pr�nc�ple standard�sat�on �s voluntaryfornat�ons that shall �mplementstandardsasappl�cableand to themax�mumposs�bleextent. Insome �nstances,nat�onsmayagree tothemandatory�mplementat�onofspec�ficstandards.Fullcompl�ancew�ththeforcegoalsfornat�onspart�c�pat�ng�nforceplann�ng�sakey

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aspectofnat�onalcomm�tmentto�mprovestandard�sat�on.

- Terminology.NATOdocumentsmustuseNATOagreedterm�nology.

TheNATOStandardisationProcess The NATO Standard�sat�on Process �nvolves propos�ng, develop�ng,agree�ng,rat�fy�ng,promulgat�ng, �mplement�ngandupdat�ngNATOstandards.Itcompr�sestwocomplementaryelements:thesocalled«bottom-up»and«top-down»standard�sat�on.

Bottom-upstandard�sat�on�s�n�t�atedbyreport�ngstandard�sat�onneedsand/ordefic�enc�es.Th�s�sfollowedbyStandard�sat�onProposals,formulatedbyNATOWork�ngGroups,wh�chareval�datedbytheappropr�ateTask�ngAuthor�tytoconfirmtherequ�rementbeforethedevelopmentofaSTANAGstarts.

Top-down standard�sat�on �s �n�t�ated when the SCs �dent�fy m�l�tarystandard�sat�onrequ�rementsaspartofforceproposalsfornat�onspart�c�pat�ng�ntheforceplann�ngprocess.Itrequ�resaclearformulat�onoftheserequ�rementsandtheallocat�onofpr�or�tyscoresbasedontheB�-SCsagreedbas�cpr�or�tyl�st.These m�l�tary standard�sat�on requ�rements, together w�th other requ�rementsfor standard�sat�on fromNATOnat�onsand fromTAs, const�tute theAll�ance’sStandard�sat�onRequ�rements.Top-downstandard�sat�oncompr�ses4phases:

Phase1: Ident�ficat�on, formulat�on and approval of Standard�sat�onRequ�rements;

Phase2: Ident�ficat�on, formulat�on and agreement of Standard�sat�onObject�vesbasedontheserequ�rements;

Phase3: Execut�on of tasks by the TAs, result�ng from the approvedStandard�sat�onObject�ves;

Phase4: Implementat�on of top-down Standard�sat�on and feedback.Top-down All�ance Standard�sat�on Requ�rements, complemented byappropr�atebottom-upStandard�sat�onProposals,leadtothedevelopmentand�mplementat�onoftheNATOStandard�sat�onProgramme(NSP).TheNSP�stheAll�ance’smanagementtoolforstandard�sat�onact�v�t�es.

Steps within the process. The general steps �n the standard�sat�onprocesswh�chfallunderthed�rectrespons�b�l�tyoftheTAsaredefined�nAAP-3,Proceduresfor theDevelopment,Preparat�on,Product�onandtheUpdat�ngofNATOStandard�sat�onAgreementsandAll�edPubl�cat�ons.Suchrespons�b�l�ty�ncludesthemanagementandupdat�ngofallex�st�ngSTANAGSandAPs,the�dent�ficat�on, val�dat�on and agreement on new standard�sat�on requ�rements,the ach�evement of nat�ons’ rat�ficat�on and the promulgat�on of the agreeddocuments.

- Identifying standardisation requirements/deficiencies.Standard�sat�on requ�rements are der�ved from e�ther the top-downor thebottom-upapproachesasdescr�bedearl�er.They �dent�fy thecapab�l�ty to be ach�eved and the requ�red level of standard�sat�on.

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Those that form part of the NATO Standard�sat�on Programme arereferredtoasAll�anceStandard�sat�onRequ�rements.

- Formulatingand agreeing priority standardisation objectives.Basedontheagreedrequ�rement,pr�or�tystandard�sat�onneedsare�dent�fiedand thestandard�sat�onobject�ves (referred toSOsw�th�ntheNSP)areformulated.

- Formulatingor updating of NATO standards. The formulat�ng orupdat�ngofNATOstandards�s�nherently�nternat�onal�ncharacterandhencemustbecoord�nated �nternat�onally �n theappropr�ateNATObod�es.Inv�ewofthew�derangeoftheAll�ance’sact�v�t�esforwh�chstandardsaredes�rable,theformulat�onofproposedNATOstandardsw�ll normally be decentral�sed. Formulat�on of NATO standards canbestbeaccompl�shedbymult�nat�onalbod�esofnat�onalexperts.

- Ratifying NATO standards by Nations individually. Spec�ficproposed standards may not be relevant to all All�ance nat�ons. Aproposedstandardmayberat�fiedanddes�gnatedaNATOStandard�f several (not necessar�ly all) All�es agree that �t �s acceptable as agoal for �mplementat�on.L�kew�se,Partnernat�onscanadoptNATOstandardsasagoalfor�mplementat�on.

- PromulgatingNATOstandards.Aftersuffic�entnat�onshaverat�fiedtheproposedstandard �tw�llbepromulgatedby theD�rectorof theNSA.

- Implementingagreed NATO standards as a matter of nationalpolicy. Implementat�on of agreed NATO standards �s a nat�onalrespons�b�l�ty. NATO strongly encourages �mplementat�on of rat�fiedSTANAGs,byobserv�ng,mon�tor�ngandreport�ngresultsonanat�on-by-nat�onandcasebycasebas�s.

- Verifyingand validating the implementation of agreed NATOstandards.Ver�ficat�onofstandard�sat�onmaybecarr�edout�nPSOs,exerc�sesandotheroperat�ons.Thever�ficat�onshouldbecarr�edoutonthebas�sofaver�ficat�onplan.Val�dat�onofver�ficat�on�nformat�onmayresult�ntheadaptat�onand/ordelet�onofcerta�nSTANAGs.

NATOStandards NATO Standard�sat�on �s a broad process that may be appl�ed to anyNATO act�v�ty. NATO standards are normally class�fied �nto one of three ma�nareasasfollows,althoughsomestandardsmayapplytomorethanonearea:

- Operationalstandardsarethosestandardswh�chaffectfutureand/or currentm�l�tarypract�ce,proceduresor formats. Theymayapplytosuchmattersasconcepts,doctr�ne,tact�cs,techn�ques,log�st�cs,tra�n�ng,organ�sat�ons,reports,forms,mapsandcharts,amongotherth�ngs.

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- Materielstandardsarethosestandardsthataffectthecharacter�st�csoffutureand/orcurrentmater�elto�ncludetelecommun�cat�ons,dataprocess�ng and d�str�but�on. They may cover product�on codes ofpract�ceaswellasmater�elspec�ficat�ons.Mater�el�ncludescompletesystems,�nclud�ngcommand,controlandcommun�cat�onssystems,weaponssystems,subsystems,assembl�es,components,sparepartsandmater�alsandconsumables(�nclud�ngammun�t�on,fuel,suppl�es,storesandconsumablespares).

- Administrativestandardspr�mar�lyconcernterm�nology-wh�chapplytoboththe«operat�onal»andthe«mater�el»fields-butth�scategoryalso �ncludes standards wh�ch fac�l�tate All�ance adm�n�strat�on �nfields w�thout d�rect m�l�tary appl�cat�on (e.g. report�ng of econom�cstat�st�cs).

Ingeneral,operat�onalstandard�sat�onfalls�ntotheareaofrespons�b�l�tyof the NSA wh�le mater�el standard�sat�on falls �nto the area of respons�b�l�tyoftheCNAD.OtherNATObod�essuchastheNATOC3Board,theSNLC,theNPC, theResearch&TechnologyBoardand the IMSD�v�s�onsalsodealw�thstandard�sat�on.

Standard�sat�onofterm�nology�sessent�alforacollect�veunderstand�ngofalldocumentat�onrelatedtostandard�sat�onact�v�t�es.TheNATOGlossaryofTermsandDefin�t�ons(AAP-6)�sthekeyNATOreferencedocumentthatprov�desoffic�altermsanddefin�t�onstobeused.Add�t�onally,NATOspec�al�stGlossaryof Terms and Defin�t�ons prov�de NATO approved term�nology for spec�al�sedfields.

Standard�sat�on must not h�nder research and development for newarmamentsand/orcommun�cat�onsequ�pmentnorthepursu�tofmoreeffic�ent/appropr�ate processes and procedures. On the contrary, by cons�der�ngstandard�sat�on�mpl�cat�ons�ntheveryearlystateofdevelopment,collaborat�on�nequ�pmentprogrammesw�llbecons�derablyenhanced.

Operat�onal and mater�el standard�sat�on are �nterdependent.Standard�sat�on�nkeyoperat�onalareassuchasconcepts,doctr�ne,proceduresandm�ss�onneeds,w�llgreatlyenhanceprospectsforstandard�sat�onofmater�el.Inturn,newtechnologyw�lloftenrequ�rethereformulat�onofdoctr�neandw�llalmostalwaysresult �nchangestooperat�onalprocedures.Thefullbenefitsof�ncreasedmater�elstandard�sat�onmaynotbeach�evedunlessthere�sextens�veharmon�sat�onofoperat�onalaspects.

Operat�onal standard�sat�on str�ves for the use of common concepts,doctr�nes,procedures,pract�cesorformatstoenhanceoperat�onal�nteroperab�l�tyofNATOandPfP forces.Object�ves formater�el standard�sat�on str�ve for thedevelopmentandprocurementofcompat�ble,�nteroperable,�nterchangeableorcommonmater�elforNATOandPfPforces,asrequ�red.

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TheNATOStandardisationOrganisation(NSO) NATO Committee for Standardisation – Sen�or NATO Comm�ttee,report�ng to theCounc�l,w�th full author�tyandmanagement respons�b�l�ty forAll�anceStandard�sat�oncoord�nat�ononpol�cyanddec�s�ontak�ng.TheNCS�sass�stedbytheGroupofNCSrepresentat�vesw�thdelegatedauthor�ty(NCSREPs)toach�eve�tsm�ss�on.TheNCSREPsw�lladdresstheNSOobject�ves,promotethe �nteract�on between nat�onal organ�sat�ons and NATO and prepare NCSdec�s�onsoracton�tsbehalf.TheNCS�stheBoardofD�rectorsfortheNATOStandard�sat�onAgency.

NATOStandardisationStaffGroup(NSSG)–Staffgroupsubord�natetotheNCS,respons�bleforstaffl�a�son,forthestaffingofprojectsass�gnedtotheNSAbytheNCSandforpreparat�onofdocumentat�oncontr�but�ng,�nteral�a,totheformulat�onofM�l�taryStandard�sat�onRequ�rementsbytheSCsanddraft�ngofStandard�sat�onObject�ves.TheNSSGw�llbesupportedbyNSSGWork�ngGroupstoundertakespec�ficstandard�sat�ontasks.

TaskingAuthoritiesWorkingGroups–Work�ngGroupsrespons�bleforproduc�ngandma�nta�n�ngthestandardsasd�rectedbythe�rparentTA.

NATO Standardisation Agency (NSA) - A s�ngle, �ntegrated body,composedofm�l�taryandc�v�l�anstaff,subord�natetotheCounc�l throughtheNCS,w�ththeauthor�tytocoord�nate�ssuesbetweenallfieldsofstandard�sat�on.TheJo�ntandS�ngleServ�ceBoards, supportedby theNSA,w�ll eachactasaTA,delegatedbytheMC,foroperat�onalstandard�sat�on, �nclud�ngdoctr�ne.The NSA w�ll set out procedures, plann�ng and execut�on funct�ons related tostandard�sat�onforappl�cat�onthroughouttheAll�ance.It �srespons�bleforthepreparat�onof thework for theNCS,NCSREPsandNSSGmeet�ngsandw�llensure,w�th �tsexperts �n thed�fferentfields,central�sedcoord�nat�on, l�a�sonw�thand,�frequ�red,supporttoTAs’Work�ngGroupsthatdevelopstandards.

The D�rector of the NSA �s respons�ble for the day to day work of thePol�cy and Requ�rements, Jo�nt, Naval, Army, and A�r and Adm�n & SupportBranches. TheServ�ceBranchesprov�de staff support to the�r relatedBoardsandarerespons�bleformon�tor�ngandharmon�s�ngstandard�sat�onact�v�t�es�nthe�rareaofrespons�b�l�ty.

TheNSAsupportstheJo�ntandtheS�ngleServ�ceBoards,eachofwh�chactsasaTask�ngAuthor�tyforOperat�onalStandard�sat�on,�nclud�ngdoctr�ne,asdelegatedbytheM�l�taryComm�ttee.TheServ�ceBoardsarerespons�blefordevelop�ngoperat�onalandproceduralstandard�sat�onamongmembernat�ons.L�keotherTask�ngAuthor�t�es,theydoth�sbydevelop�ngappl�cableSTANAGsandAll�edPubl�cat�onsw�ththemembernat�onsandNATOM�l�taryCommands.

TheBoards,w�thonememberpernat�on,are�npermanentsess�onandmeet formally once a month. Dec�s�ons are normally reached on the bas�s ofunan�m�ty.However,asstandard�sat�on�savoluntaryprocess,agreementsmayalsobebasedonmajor�tydec�s�onsofthenat�onsthatarepart�c�pat�ng�nanypart�cular Standard�sat�on Agreement. The SCs have a staff representat�ve oneachBoard.

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ServiceBoards ThethreeS�ngleServ�ceBoardscons�stofmembersoftheappropr�ateServ�ces of the NATO nat�ons and the NATO Strateg�c Commands; Belg�umrepresentsLuxembourg.Wh�lemostBoardMembersareonthestaffofthe�rM�l�taryRepresentat�ve at NATO HQ, those from Belg�um, Denmark, the Netherlandsand the Un�ted K�ngdom are based at the�r respect�ve M�n�str�es of Defence.TheUn�tedStateshaveaseparateNSAdelegat�onatNATOHQ.Dec�s�onsarenormally reached on the bas�s of unan�m�ty. However, as standard�sat�on �s avoluntaryprocess,agreementsmayalsobebasedonmajor�tydec�s�ons.

The Joint Service Board (JSB) deals w�th jo�nt and overarch�ngoperat�onal standard�sat�on pol�cy matters, affect�ng two or more Serv�ces. Itmanageswork�nggroupsdeal�ngw�thall�edjo�ntoperat�onsdoctr�ne,�nformat�onexchange requ�rement/message text format harmon�zat�on, jo�nt �ntell�gence�ssuesandenv�ronmentalprotect�on.

The Naval Board manages work�ng groups deal�ng w�th mar�t�meoperat�ons, amph�b�ous operat�ons, hel�copter operat�ons from sh�ps otherthan a�rcraft carr�ers, m�ne warfare, naval ammun�t�on �nterchangeab�l�ty,mar�t�melog�st�cs,navalcontrolofsh�pp�ng,rad�oandradarrad�at�onhazards,replen�shmentatsea,submar�neescapeandrescue,underwaterd�v�ngandveryshallowwaterm�necountermeasureoperat�ons.

The Army Board manages work�ng groups deal�ng w�th landoperat�ons,art�llery,combateng�neer�ng,explos�veordnanced�sposal,med�calstandard�sat�on, hel�copter operat�ons, ammun�t�on �nterchangeab�l�ty, log�st�csdoctr�ne, asset track�ng, mater�als handl�ng/d�str�but�on, movements andtransport,rangesafety,nbcdefenceoperat�onsandnbcmed�caloperat�ons.

TheAirBoardmanageswork�nggroupsdeal�ngw�tha�roperat�onsandallaspectsofoperat�onaldoctr�ne,a�rtransport,a�rarmaments,a�rcraft/a�rcrew�ntegrat�on, aeromed�cal, a�r reconna�ssance, a�rcraft serv�c�ng and standardequ�pment, a�rfield serv�ces, av�on�cs systems, fl�ght safety, a�rcraft gaseoussystems, �nterserv�ce geograph�c, search and rescue, crash fire-fight�ng andrescueand,a�relectr�calandelectromagnet�ccons�derat�ons.

REFERENCES.C-M(2000)54 NATOPol�cyforStandard�sat�on

AAP-3 ProceduresfortheDevelopment,Preparat�on,Product�onandtheUpgrad�ngofNATOStandard�sat�onAgreements (STANAGs)andAll�edPubl�cat�ons(APs)

AAP-4 NATOStandard�sat�onAgreementsandAll�edPubl�cat�ons


—62—

ANNEXAtoChapter4

ANNEX AACRONYMSUSEDINTHISCHAPTER

ACCS A�r,CommandandControlSystem


ACROSS All�edCommandResourceOpt�m�sat�onSoftwareSystem


AGARD Adv�soryGroupforAerospaceResearchandDevelopment

APs All�edPubl�cat�ons

C3 Consultat�on,commandandcontrol

CNAD ConferenceofNat�onalArmamentD�rectors

CP Capab�l�t�esPackage

CPs Capab�l�tyPackages

CPG Comprehens�vePol�t�calGu�dance

CRO Cr�s�sResponseOperat�on

CS CombatSupport



DPQ DefencePlann�ngQuest�onna�re

DRC DefenceRev�ewComm�ttee

DRR DefenceRequ�rementRev�ew

EU EuropeanUn�on

HQs Headquarters

IC InfrastructureComm�ttee



IT Informat�onTechnology


—63—

JSB Jo�ntServ�ceBoard

LLTI LongLeadT�meItems

LOGFS Log�st�cFunct�onalServ�ces

LOGFSIMWG Log�st�cFunct�onalServ�cesInformat�onManagementWork�ngGroup

LOGIMG Log�st�csInformat�onManagementGroup

LOGIS Log�st�csInformat�onSystem

MBC M�l�taryBudgetComm�ttee


MG M�n�ster�alGu�dance

MTRP TheMed�um-TermResourcePlan

NAC NorthAtlant�cCounc�l(orCounc�l)

NACMA NATOACCSManagementAgency

NAC(R) Re�nforcedNorthAtlant�cCounc�l

NADC NATOA�rDefenceComm�ttee

NAEW NATOA�rborneEarlyWarn�ngSystem

NAMs NATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es

NC3A NATOC3Agency

NC3B NATOConsultat�onCommandandControlBoard

NCS NATOComm�tteeforStandard�sat�on

NCSA NATOCommun�cat�onandInformat�onSystemsServ�cesAgency

NDMC NATODefenceManpowerComm�ttee



NPG NuclearPlann�ngGroup



NSO NATOStandard�sat�onOrgan�sat�on

NSP NATOStandard�sat�onProgramme

NSSG NATOStandard�sat�onStaffGroup

OPLAN Operat�onPlan

—64—

PARP PfPPlann�ngandRev�ewProcess


PMR Pr�nc�palM�l�taryRequ�rements

PSOs PeaceSupportOperat�ons

SCEPC Sen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee

SDOS StandardDaysofSupply


SPG Stockp�lePlann�ngGu�dance

SPMII Susta�nmentPlann�ngModuleII

SPOW Sc�ent�ficProgramofWork

SRB Sen�orResourceBoard

STANAGs NATOStandard�sat�onAgreements

TAs Task�ngAuthor�t�es


V&O NATOLog�st�csV�s�onandObject�ves

—65—

CHAPTER 5OPERATIONALLOGISTICPLANNING

Maintenance Afloat – A frigate and an oiler taking advantage of a tender’s maintenance capabilities

—66—

—67—

CHAPTER 5OPERATIONALLOGISTICPLANNING

“Every unit that is not supported is a defeated unit.”

- Maurice de Saxe: Mes Rèveries XIII, 1732 -

INTRODUCTION Thelog�st�coperat�onalplann�ngforpotent�alorspec�ficoperat�ons�spartoftheoverallNATOoperat�onalplann�ngprocess.Th�sprocess�soutl�ned�nMC133/3,expla�ned�ngeneral�nAJP-1anddescr�bed�ndeta�ledB�-SCGu�del�nesforOperat�onalPlann�ng(GOP).TheGOP�sava�lableonCRONOSat“http://cww.shape.nato.�nt/ops-global/Documents/GOP/GOPTOC.html”. The Operat�onalLog�st�csPlann�ngCourseattheNATOSchool(Oberammergau)prov�desusefultra�n�ngontheplann�ngprocess.F�gure5-1outl�nesth�splann�ngprocess.

KEYPLANNINGDOCUMENTS Thekeydocumentsproduceddur�ngoperat�onalplann�ngaretheConceptofOperat�ons(CONOPS),theOperat�onPlan(OPLAN)andtheCont�ngencyPlan(COP).TheJ41staffmustworkcloselyw�ththeotherJStaffthroughouttheent�reoperat�onalplann�ngprocesstoensurethatthema�nplanandtheJ4port�onsarereal�st�candproperlycoord�nated.The part�c�pat�ng nat�ons must be �nvolved�ntheplann�ngprocessassoonasperm�ss�on�sg�ven.AnOPLANw�llconta�n

1) J4 is the Joint Staff dealing with Logistics. The list of Joint Staffs is attached at Annex B.

—68—

aLog�st�cAnnexRw�thMed�calAppend�x,MovementsAnnexS,andEng�neerAnnexEE.

LOGISTICSUPPORTGUIDELINES Atallplann�nglevels,�t�snecessarytostudythes�tuat�on,espec�allythepol�t�calandm�l�tarys�tuat�onandthegeographyofthetheatre,andthencomb�neth�sw�thoperat�onsgu�dance�nordertodefinethelog�st�csupportconcept.Th�sgeneralconcept,usuallyconta�ned�nparagraph4oftheCONOPSandOPLAN,�sdevelopedbytheJ4andpromulgatestheCommander’s�ntentoftheway�nwh�chtoprov�delog�st�csupport.Th�sconceptmay�nclude:

- the major pecul�ar�t�es of the theatre and how they can affectlog�st�cs;

- theapprox�matelog�st�cforcesandcapab�l�t�esrequ�red;

- thel�kel�hoodofHostNat�onSupport(HNS);

- the l�kely nat�ons to part�c�pate and poss�b�l�ty of mult�nat�onal andjo�ntlog�st�cs;and

- thegeneralrequ�rementforLLN,LRSN,MILUs/MIMUs,orcontractorsupport.

LOGISTICPLANNINGCONSIDERATIONS

MultinationalLogistics Early use of mult�nat�onal log�st�cs can save the cost of deploy�ng andma�nta�n�ngpersonnelandequ�pment.

MultinationalJointLogisticCentre(MJLC) IfaMJLC�sestabl�shed,th�sent�tyw�llbethefocalpo�ntfor�dent�ficat�on,deconfl�ct�on,andco-ord�nat�onofmajor log�st�csrequ�rementsforbothNATOJo�ntForceHeadquarters(HQs)andpart�c�pat�ngnat�ons.

MovementPlanning The deployment �nto theatre w�ll place a heavy �n�t�al workload onMovementandTransportat�on(M&T)staffthatmustbekeptfully�nformeddur�ngtheoperat�onalplann�ngprocess.

MedicalPlanning Med�cal support �s cr�t�cal to all nat�ons and must be co ord�nated toavo�d dupl�cat�on of expens�ve equ�pment and h�ghly tra�ned personnel. Thepreservat�onofcombatstrengthbyemergencymed�calandsurg�calserv�ces�scruc�al.

SupplyandMaintenancePlanning TheSusta�nab�l�tyStatement�ncludestheDaysofSupply(DOS)tobeheld�ntheatre.

—69—

RoleofHostNationSupport(HNS)inLogisticSupportPlanning Gu�danceonHNSplann�ng�sconta�ned�nMC334/2andAJP-4.5(A).Theava�lab�l�tyofHNS�sakeyfactor�nLog�st�cSupportPlann�ng.Itw�lldeterm�nethe s�zeandscopeof support requ�redandw�ll contr�bute s�gn�ficantly to theoverallplann�ngprocess.HNSplann�ngshouldbeconductedconcurrentlyw�ththepreparat�onofoperat�onalplans.Theava�lab�l�tyofex�st�ngHNSarrangement,MemorandumofUnderstand�ng(MOU)andb�lateralagreementsw�llneedtobecons�dered�nthedevelopmentofplans.NACorMCtask�ngtoSCsmay�ncludefullauthor�sat�onforACOtonegot�ateHNSarrangements.Allnegot�at�onsshouldbe conducted by an exper�enced team of personnel cover�ng all d�sc�pl�nes�nclud�ngCIMIC,�nfrastructure,finance,purchas�ngandcontract�ng,eng�neer�ng,med�cal,transportat�onandrealestate,asrequ�red.

InfrastructurePlanning Partoftheeng�neers’taskw�llbetoestabl�shbasecampsandtofac�l�tateRecept�on,Stag�ngandOnwardMovement(RSOM).

ContractingandFunding J4 w�ll need to work closely w�th J8 to arrange contracts for requ�redserv�cesnotprov�dedbym�l�tarymeans.

ParticipationofNon-NATONations Thepart�c�pat�onofnon-NATOnat�ons�nNATOledoperat�ons�sl�kelytocont�nue.Ah�ghlevelofco-operat�onandco-ord�nat�on�srequ�redtoensurethatthosenat�onsunfam�l�arw�thNATOproceduresare�ntegratedasqu�cklyandasfullyaspreva�l�ngc�rcumstancesperm�t.Th�smuststartw�ththeplann�ngprocess.Thecert�ficat�onof non-NATOpart�c�pants �n anyoperat�onw�ll becompletedasearlyasposs�bleandnon-NATOnat�onsmay requ�respec�alass�stance toarrangelog�st�csupport.

ConcludingtheOperation/Exercise Re-deploymentmay�nvolveenv�ronmental�ssues,realestatemanagement,repackag�ngofammun�t�on,stocksandequ�pment,account�ngforandd�sposalofNATOownedequ�pment.

Co-ordinationwithNationalSupportElements(NSEs) Mostnat�onsw�llhaveaNSEsand/oraNat�onalCommandElement(NCE)prov�d�ngspec�ficnat�onal log�st�cssupport. Itw�llbenecessary for theNATOlog�st�c commander to have overs�ght of these organ�sat�ons, partly throughLOGREPandmay�nvolvelog�st�cevaluat�onandassessmentpr�ortodeployment.NATOmustencouragenat�onstom�n�m�sethes�zeofthelog�st�cfootpr�ntcausedby large NSEs through shar�ng log�st�c capab�l�t�es and mult�nat�onal log�st�carrangements.

—70—

Co-ordinationwithInternationalOrganisations(IOs)andNon-GovernmentalOrganisations(NGOs) W�ththehelpofJ9,�tmaybenecessarytoworkw�thIOssuchastheUN,OSCEortheRedCrossandvar�ousNGOssuchasMédec�nssansFront�ères.

PhasesoftheOperation Thereared�fferentlog�st�crequ�rementsdur�ngeachphaseofanoperat�on,wh�chmusteachbecarefullyplanned.

Reception,StagingandOnwardMovement RSOM �s the phase of the deployment process that trans�t�ons un�ts,personnel,equ�pmentandmater�el fromarr�valatPortsofDebarkat�on(PODs)to the�r final dest�nat�on. Although RSOM �s an operat�onal matter, �t requ�resthe prov�s�on of a s�gn�ficant degree of log�st�c support. RSOM plann�ng andexecut�onrequ�resthereforecons�derable�ntegrat�onw�thlog�st�csupport,M&T,andHNSplann�ng.TheNATOCommanderw�llcons�dertheava�lab�l�tyofHostNat�onSupport(HNS),wh�chcanprov�de�nfrastructureandserv�cestofac�l�tateRSOM.WhereaHNdoesnotex�storcannotprov�detherequ�redRSOMsupport,the NATO Commander, �n order to ensure that requ�rements are met, shouldseek log�st�c support un�ts for RSOM support through the force plann�ng andgenerat�onprocesses,orrequestoneorseveralnat�onstoassumerespons�b�l�tyasLog�st�cLeadNat�ononbehalfofdeploy�ngNATOforces.

FORCEGENERATIONPROCESS

CombinedJointStatementofRequirements(CJSOR) Wh�letheOPLAN�sbe�ngdeveloped,there�saparallelforcegenerat�onprocess to prov�de the requ�red forces from NATO and non-NATO countr�es.TheCJSORprov�desal�stofthetroopsandkeyequ�pment/capab�l�tyrequ�redandthenat�on(s)offer�ngtofilleachser�al.Contr�but�ngnat�onsarerespons�blefor fund�ngandarrang�ng log�st�csupport for the�rCJSORun�ts.J4staffmaybecome�nvolved�nhelp�ngtoarrangemult�nat�onallog�st�csupport,part�cularlyforsmallornon-NATOforcecontr�but�ons.

CrisisEstablishment(CE) TheCEprov�destheorgan�sat�onandthel�stofpos�t�onsrequ�red�nthedeployedHQ.PartoftheCEcosts�ssupportedbytheNATOcommonfund�ngsystem.TheAll�anceprov�deslog�st�csupportfortheCE.

LOGISTICREPORTING(LOGREP) Therequ�rementforSCstocallforlog�st�csreports�soutl�ned�nMC53/2.Tothatend,theSCshave�ntroducedalog�st�creport�ngsystemtoprov�deandensurelog�st�c�nformat�onandaccuratedata�nt�me,�nclud�ngreportspr�ortoTransferofAuthor�ty(TOA).

TheB�-SCReport�ngD�rect�veVolumeV,Log�st�csReports(BI-SCD80-3VolV),g�vesthenecessarygu�danceattheleveloftheSCs.Itsproceduresandformatsareappl�cabletoallserv�ces-A�r,ArmyandMar�t�me-�npeace,cr�s�s,

—71—

warandoperat�onsotherthanwar,andalsoalloweasyadopt�onbynon-NATOnat�ons,whenrequ�red.Themajor�tyofthelog�st�creports�nth�sd�rect�vehalpsaNATOCommanderprov�deanassessmentoflog�st�ccapab�l�t�esandconcernsor exchange �nformat�on w�th nat�ons for log�st�c management purposes.Subord�nate headquarters are author�sed to supplement the BI-SCD 80-3 VolV for the�r operat�onal needs. For current operat�ons, the log�st�c report�ngrequ�rementsw�llusuallybestated�ntheANNEXCC(Documentat�on,RecordsandReports)totheOPLANor�nasupplementtotheOPLANus�ngtheB�-SCD80-3VolVasthebas�s.

TheLOGUPDATE�sakeylog�st�creport�nB�-SCD80-3VolVwh�ch,�ngeneral,replacesallformerstat�st�calreports.ThepurposeoftheLOGUPDATE�s to prov�de NATO Commanders w�th a dynam�c update of changes to coredatabase �nformat�on on stockp�les of spec�fic equ�pment and consumablemater�elheldbynat�onalforcesdeclaredtoNATO,aswellasspec�fiedequ�pmentandmater�elheldbynat�ons�nsupportofsuchforces.

CIVILSUPPORTTOTHEMILITARY Lessonslearnedfromoperat�ons�ntheBalkansandAfghan�stanrevealthatNATOCommandershavetobepreparedtout�l�sec�v�l�ancapab�l�t�estosupportthem�ss�on.HNS,contractorsupportandthec�v�lsupportcapab�l�t�esprov�dedbyNATOAgenc�essuchasNAMSA,formthebas�softhec�v�llog�st�csupportcapab�l�t�es from wh�ch the NATO Commander can draw. Add�t�onally, usefulexpert�secanbedrawnfromtheSen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee’s(SCEPC)Plann�ngBoardsandComm�ttees(PB&Cs).At�tsAutumn2003Plenarysess�on, theSCEPCexam�ned theposs�b�l�tyofc�v�l support fornon-Art�cle5CROsand,�nconsequence,developedaC�v�lCapab�l�t�esCatalogue�n2004to�nformtheNMAsofthec�v�lexpert�sethatcanbemadeava�labletoCommandersthroughtheSCEPC.

ExamplesofPotentialPB&CSupporttoMilitary The Civil Aviation Planning Committee (CAPC) prov�des �nformat�ononcommerc�ala�r transportcapab�l�t�es thatcouldbeused �n thedeploymentof NATO forces, and suggests opt�ons offer�ng an effic�ent and cost effect�veapproach. The CAPC can also evaluate complex av�at�on �ssues aga�nst thebackdropofnat�onaland�nternat�onallawsandregulat�ons.

The Planning Board for Inland Surface Transport (PBIST) can makeava�lable �nformat�on on ra�l transport capab�l�t�es that could be used �n thedeployment of NATO forces. The PBIST can also �n�t�ate stud�es to exam�nepotent�al surface transport L�nes of Commun�cat�on (LOCs) to support NATOoperat�ngforces.

ThePlanningBoard forOceanShipping (PBOS)servesas theNATOfocalpo�ntforadv�ceandass�stanceontheprotect�onofc�v�l�anmar�t�meassetsaga�nstactsofterror�sm.PBOSalsosupportstheNATOSh�pp�ngCentre,wh�chwasact�vated �nOctober2001tosupport theNATONaval forcesdeployed �ntheEasternMed�terraneanbymon�tor�ng themar�ne traffic �n theSuezCanal.

—72—

Moreover,PBOS �n�t�ated thedevelopmentofastudy �nsupportofOperat�onACTIVEENDEAVOUR,sett�ngoutarrangementsandsourcestoobta�n�nformat�ononsh�pmovements�ntheMed�terraneanandStra�tsofG�braltar.

REFERENCESMC133/3NATO’sOperat�onsPlann�ngSystem

MC327/2NATOM�l�taryPol�cyfornonArt�cle5Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons

AJP4 All�edJo�ntLog�st�csDoctr�ne

FPG(Log) Funct�onalPlann�ngGu�deLog�st�cs

RPG(Log)Reg�onalPlann�ngGu�deLog�st�cs

ANNEXESA Acronymsused�nth�schapter

B Jo�ntStaffStructure

—73—

ANNEXAtoChapter5


CAPC C�v�lAv�at�onPlann�ngComm�ttee

CE Cr�s�sEstabl�shment

CIMIC C�v�l-M�l�taryCooperat�on

CJSOR Comb�nedJo�ntStatementOfRequ�rements

CONOPS ConceptofOperat�ons

COP Cont�ngencyPlan


DOS DaysofSupply

GOP Gu�del�nesforOperat�onalPlann�ng


HQs Headquarters

IOs Internat�onalOrgan�sat�ons

LLN Log�st�csLeadNat�on

LOGREP Log�st�cReport�ng

LRSN Log�st�csRoleSpec�al�stNat�on

MCE Mult�nat�onalCommandElement

MILUs Mult�nat�onalIntegratedLog�st�csUn�ts

MIMUs Mult�nat�onalIntegratedMed�calUn�ts

MJLC Mult�nat�onalJo�ntLog�st�cCentre



NGOs Non-GovernmentalOrgan�sat�ons


NSE Nat�onalSupportElement


PB&Cs Plann�ngBoardsandComm�ttees

—74—

PBIST Plann�ngBoardforInlandSurfaceTransport

PBOS Plann�ngBoardforOceanSh�pp�ng



SCEPC Sen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee’s

—75—

ANNEXBtoChapter5

ANNEX BJOINTSTAFFSTRUCTURE

J1 Personnel

J2 Intell�gence

J3 Operat�ons

J4 Log�st�cs

J5 Plans&Pol�cy

J6 CIS

J7 Exerc�ses

J8 BUDFIN

J9 CIMIC

—76—

—77—

CHAPTER 6NATOLOGISTICPOLICIESANDCONCEPTS

—78—

—79—

CHAPTER 6NATOLOGISTICPOLICIESANDCONCEPTS

“The only thing harder than getting a new idea into the military mind is to get an old one out.”

- B.H. Liddell Hart, date unknown -

INTRODUCTION TheAll�ance’snewStrateg�cConceptandemerg�ngconceptssuchastheComb�nedJo�ntTaskForce(CJTF),NATO’s�nvolvement�nCROsandanever-expand�ngrangeofact�v�t�esbr�ng�ngAll�edandPartnernat�ons�ntoclosercooperat�on,demand respons�ve,flex�bleand �nteroperable log�st�csupport.TheSen�orNATOLog�st�c�ans’Conference(SNLC)hasdevelopedav�s�onforNATOlog�st�csdes�gnedtomeetthechallenge:thepr�nc�pleofcollect�verespons�b�l�ty�n log�st�csbetweenNATOand thenat�ons.NATO’sPol�cy forCooperat�on �nLog�st�cs(CM(2001)44)establ�shesacommonv�s�onacrossthewholespectrumoflog�st�cstoenhanceco-operat�onandtheoveralllog�st�cpostureoftheAll�ance.NATO Pr�nc�ples and Pol�c�es for Log�st�cs (C M(2003)101)1 �s the keystonepol�cy document that establ�shes the pr�nc�ple of collect�ve respons�b�l�ty forlog�st�c supportbetweennat�onsandNATOandg�ves theNATOCommanderthenecessaryauthor�tyfortheexecut�onofh�snewrespons�b�l�t�es�nlog�st�cs.Based upon these overarch�ng pol�cy documents, spec�fic pol�c�es have beendevelopedbytheSNLC�ntheareasofread�nessandsusta�nab�l�ty2,HostNat�onSupport (HNS)3, �nfrastructure eng�neer�ng for log�st�cs4 and Movement andTransportat�on(M&T)5,wh�letheComm�tteeoftheCh�efsoftheM�l�taryMed�calServ�ces(COMEDS)hasdevelopedpol�c�esformed�calsupport6.

Onthebas�sofpol�c�esformult�nat�onal�ty�nAll�ancelog�st�cs,theSCsturnedthe�rattent�ontothe�r�mplementat�onbydevelop�ngjo�ntlog�st�cdoctr�ne.TheB�-SCDoctr�neComm�tteehasdevelopedAJP-4(A)asthekeystonelog�st�cdoctr�nal publ�cat�onand, togetherw�th theB�-SCM&TForumand theB�-SCMed�calAdv�soryGroup,�thaselaboratedaser�esofsubord�nateleveldocumentscover�ng spec�fic areas of log�st�cs. The MC serv�ce boards have developeds�ngleserv�celog�st�cdoctr�neandabroadrangeoflog�st�ctact�cs,techn�quesand procedures. The SCs then develop �mplement�ng d�rect�ves and plann�nggu�dance.Thefigurepresentedhereafter�llustratesthestructureoflog�st�cpol�cyandgu�dancew�th�nNATO.

Th�s chapter descr�bes the h�erarchy of log�st�c pol�c�es, doctr�ne,techn�quesandprocedures.Italsosummar�sesthe�mportantpo�ntstobedrawnfromoverarch�nglog�st�cpol�cyanddoctr�ne.

1) Within the NATO military structure, designated as MC 319/2

2) DPC-D(2002)2 [MC 0055/4]

3) C-M(2000)56-REV1 [MC 0334/2]

4) C-M(2005)0100 [MC 534]

5) C-M(2002)10 [MC 0336/2]

6) MC 0326/2

—80—

HIERARCHYOFLOGISTICPOLICIESANDDOCTRINE Thestructureoflog�st�cspol�c�esanddoctr�nes�sd�splayedbelow:

NATO Logistic Policy documents are developed at the h�ghest NATOlevels. NATO Comm�ttees, such as the SNLC, subm�t recommendat�ons forapproval to the M�l�tary Comm�ttee (MC) followed by notat�on or approval bytheNorthAtlant�cCounc�l(NAC),asappropr�ate.Generally,log�st�cpol�c�esareapprovedbyboththeMCandtheNAC.

Strateg�clevellog�st�cpol�c�esarethenpubl�shedasCounc�lMemoranda(CM)andMCdocuments,and�nclude:

- C-M(2001)44 NATOPol�cyforCooperat�on�nLog�st�cs

- MC055/4 NATOLog�st�cRead�nessandSusta�nab�l�tyPol�cy7;

- MC319/2 NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforLog�st�cs8;

- MC326/2 Med�calSupportPreceptsandGu�danceforNATO;

- MC334/2 NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�es forHostNat�onSupport(HNS)9;

- MC336/2 NATO Pr�nc�ples and Pol�c�es for Movement andTransportat�on10;

7) DPC-D(2002)2

8) C-M(2003)101

9) C-M(2000)56-REV1

10) C-M(2002)10

—81—

- MC343/111 NATOM�l�taryAss�stancetoInternat�onalD�sasterRel�efOperat�ons

- MC52612 Log�st�cs Support concept for NATO Response ForceOperat�ons

- MC53313 NATO Pr�nc�ples and Pol�c�es for the Ma�ntenance ofEqu�pment

NATODoctrine�sdevelopedundertheauthor�tyoftheTask�ngAuthor�t�es(TAs).TheSNLC�stheTAforJo�ntLog�st�csDoctr�ne.TheStandard�sat�onServ�ceBoardsaretheTAsonbehalfoftheMCfors�ngle-serv�celog�st�csdoctr�ne.TheTask�ngAuthor�t�estasktheLCB(Log�st�csCoord�nat�onBoard),theMovementand Transportat�on Forum (M&TF), the Med�cal Adv�sory Group (MEDAG) andappropr�ate Standar�sat�on Serv�ce Board Work�ng Groups to develop the�rrespect�ve doctr�ne. HQ SACT �s the lead SC for develop�ng and ma�nta�n�ngjo�ntlog�st�csdoctr�neandSHAPEw�llsupportthedevelopment.Support�salsorequ�redfromNATOHQ,Reg�onalCommandsHQs,the�rComponentCommandsHQsandthenat�onstoproperlyperformth�sfunct�on.Thesupportrequ�redofNATOHQsandNat�onsspec�fically�ncludesthe�rpart�c�pat�on�nwork�nggroups,doctr�neco-ord�nat�onmeet�ngsandthedraft�ngofass�gneddoctr�nes.

AlliedJointLogisticDoctrinedocumentsared�str�butedasAlliedJointPublications (AJPs). The AJPs prov�de foundat�onal log�st�c doctr�ne, underwh�ch more deta�led log�st�c techn�ques and procedures are establ�shed. Thefollow�ngAJPsarepresentlydevelopedandpromulgated:

- AJP-4(A) All�edJo�ntLog�st�csDoctr�ne

- AJP-4.4 All�edJo�ntMovement&Transportat�onDoctr�ne

- AJP-4.5 All�edJo�ntHostNat�onSupportDoctr�ne&Procedures

- AJP-4.6 Mult�nat�onalJo�ntLog�st�cCentre

- AJP-4.7 POLDoctr�ne

- AJP-4.9 ModesofMult�nat�onalLog�st�cSupport

- AJP-4.10 All�edJo�ntMed�calSupportDoctr�ne

Allied Logistic Publications (ALP) are support�ng component/serv�ceto Mult�nat�onal Log�st�cs Doctr�ne. W�th�n the AJP-4 h�erarchy of documentsthe follow�ngser�esofLog�st�cDoctr�nalpubl�cat�onshavebeendevelopedor�n�t�atedfordevelopmentasl�stedbelow:

- ALP-4.1 Mult�nat�onalMar�t�meLog�st�cDoctr�ne

- ALP-4.2 LandForcesLog�st�cDoctr�ne

- ALP-4.3 A�rForcesDoctr�ne&Procedures,A�rLog�st�cs

11) C-M(2002)35

12) SG(2005)0478

13) C-M(2005)100

—82—

LogisticTactics,TechniquesandProcedures(TTPs)const�tutedeta�ledprocedural documents that are publ�shed pr�mar�ly as Strateg�c CommandD�rect�ves andNATOStandard�sat�onAgreements (STANAGs). Log�st�c relatedSTANAGscanbefoundontheNATOStandard�sat�onAgencywebs�te.

NATOLogisticPlanningGuidance�sgenerallydevelopedatSC’slevelandbelowand�ncludethelog�st�celementsofGeneralOperat�onalPlans(GOP)andotherlog�st�cfunct�onalplann�ng.

NATOPOLICYFORCO-OPERATIONINLOGISTICS The2001NATOPol�cyforCo-operat�on�nLog�st�csprov�desthebas�sforenhancedmult�nat�onalco-operat�on�nlog�st�cs�nNATO.Theframeworkforthe�mplementat�onofth�spol�cy,wh�lerespect�ngtherespons�b�l�t�esofthed�fferentNATO log�st�c and log�st�c related bod�es, �s the Concept for Co-operat�on �nLog�st�cs.Themechan�smsusedto �mplementco-operat�onw�thotherbod�eshavebeen�ntegrated�ntheNATOLog�st�csV�s�onandObject�vesprocessthat�sdescr�bed�ndeta�ls�nChapter4.

NATOConceptforCo-OperationinLogistics TheNATOConceptforCo-operat�on�nLog�st�csprov�destheframeworkfor manag�ng co-operat�on �n log�st�cs and establ�shes the l�nk between: thenat�ons,thed�fferentNATOlog�st�csandlog�st�crelatedbod�es;andtheplann�ngprocessesusedbythed�fferentNATOlog�st�csandlog�st�crelatedbod�es.

Thethreebas�celementsoftheconceptare�tsconsol�datedconceptualbas�s14,wh�chcons�stsof:

- theAll�ance’spol�cyandgu�dancedocumentsthatd�rectand�nfluenceNATOlog�st�cs�nthe�rowndoma�ns;

- the Co-operat�on Enablers wh�ch are the tools (pol�cy, doctr�ne,act�v�t�es, systems, standards, procedures and capab�l�t�es) thatfac�l�tateandpromotecooperat�on�nlog�st�cs;and

- Harmon�sat�on,Co-ord�nat�onandControlMechan�sm(HCCM)wh�ch�stheformalmechan�smthroughwh�chco-operat�onobject�vesandenablersarecont�nuously�dent�fiedandmanaged,enablersareput�nplaceandobject�vesareach�eved.

NATOPRINCIPLESANDPOLICIESFORLOGISTICS Allofthelog�st�cpol�cydocumentsl�stedabovepromulgatepr�nc�plesandpol�c�esforlog�st�cs.Wh�lemostfocusonafunct�onalareaoflog�st�cs,suchasmed�calsupportormovementandtransportat�on,onlyMC0319/2promulgatesbroadpr�nc�plesandpol�c�esappl�cabletoalloflog�st�cs.Inconsequence,therema�nderofth�schapterw�llfocusonthese.

14) The enablers have the requirements in the NATO logistic Vision and Objectives (V&O) process.

—83—

LOGISTICPRINCIPLES CollectiveResponsibility.Nat�onsandNATOauthor�t�eshaveacollect�verespons�b�l�ty for the log�st�csupportof theAll�ance’smult�nat�onaloperat�ons.Th�s collect�ve respons�b�l�ty encourages nat�ons and NATO to co-operat�velysharetheprov�s�onanduseoflog�st�ccapab�l�t�esandresourcestosupporttheforceeffect�velyandeffic�ently.Standard�sat�on,co-operat�onandmult�nat�onal�ty�nlog�st�csbu�ldtogetherthebas�sforflex�bleandeffic�entuseoflog�st�csupport,therebycontr�but�ngtotheoperat�onalsuccess.

Authority.There�sanessent�al �nterdependencebetweenrespons�b�l�tyand author�ty. The respons�b�l�ty ass�gned to any NATO Commander must bematched w�th the delegat�on of author�ty by nat�ons and NATO to allow theadequated�schargeofrespons�b�l�t�es.TheNATOCommanderattheappropr�atelevelmustbeg�vensuffic�entauthor�tyoverthelog�st�cresourcesnecessarytoenable h�m to rece�ve, employ, susta�n and re-deploy forces ass�gned to h�mbynat�ons�nthemosteffect�vemanner.Thesameshouldapplyfornon-NATOCommandersofmult�nat�onalforcespart�c�pat�ng�naNATOledoperat�on.

Primacy of Operational Requirements. All log�st�c support efforts,frombothm�l�taryandc�v�lsectors,shouldbefocusedtosat�sfytheoperat�onalrequ�rementsnecessarytoguaranteethesuccessofthem�ss�on.

Cooperation.Co-operat�onamongstthenat�onsandNATO�sessent�al.Co-operat�onacrossthefullspectrumoflog�st�cs,�nclud�ngbetweenthec�v�l�anandm�l�tarysectorw�th�nandamongnat�ons,w�llcontr�butetothebestuseofl�m�tedresources.Fornon-Art�cle5CRO,th�sco-operat�onmustbeextendedtonon-NATOnat�ons,andotherrelevantorgan�sat�ons,asrequ�red.

Coordination.Log�st�cssupportmustbeco-ord�natedamongstnat�onsand between NATO and nat�ons at all levels. It must also be carr�ed out w�thnon-NATO nat�ons and other relevant organ�sat�ons, as requ�red. Gener�c andstand�ngpre-arrangedagreementsarethetoolstofac�l�tatelog�st�cco-ord�nat�onandco-operat�on.Theoverallrespons�b�l�tyforco-ord�nat�onl�esw�thNATOandshouldbeconductedasamatterofrout�ne.

Assured Provision. Nat�ons and NATO must ensure, �nd�v�dually orcollect�vely, the prov�s�on of log�st�c resources to support forces allocated toNATOdur�ngpeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ct.

Sufficiency.Log�st�csupportmustbeava�lable�ntheappropr�atequant�tyandqual�ty,attheappropr�atenot�ce,whenandwhere�t�srequ�redthroughoutthefullspectrumoftheAll�ance’sposs�blem�ss�ons.ItmustbeensuredforanyNATO-ledoperat�oncont�nuouslyandforthedurat�onrequ�redtoaccompl�shthem�ss�on.

Efficiency.Log�st�cresourcesmustbeusedaseffic�entlyandeconom�callyasposs�ble.Needsmustbe�dent�fied�nat�melymannertoopt�m�setheeffic�entprov�s�onandeffect�veuseofsuchresources.

Flexibility.Log�st�csupportmustbeproact�ve,adaptableandrespons�vetoach�evetheobject�ve.Adequateplann�ng,wh�chcons�derspotent�allychang�ngc�rcumstances,enhancesflex�b�l�ty.

—84—

Visibility and Transparency. V�s�b�l�ty and transparency15 of log�st�cresourcesareessent�alforeffect�velog�st�csupport.NATOCommandersrequ�rea t�mely andaccurateexchangeof �nformat�on16 amongnat�onsandNATO topr�or�t�secons�gnmentmovement�ntoandw�th�ntheJOAtoallowforred�rect�on�naccordancew�thagreementsbetweentheCommanderandNat�onalSupportElements (NSEs), and to effect�vely employ log�st�c assets w�th�n the Jo�ntOperat�onsArea(JOA).

LOGISTICSPOLICIES

General Log�st�csupportshouldbeprov�dedbybalanc�ngthepeacet�meprov�s�onand locat�onsof log�st�cassetsandconfl�ctconsumablesw�th theab�l�ty toresupplyandre�nforcetoensuret�melyandcont�nuoussupport.Th�smust�ncludeappropr�atearrangementsfornon-Art�cle5CRO.

Responsibility NATOandnat�onshaveacollect�verespons�b�l�tyforlog�st�cs.W�th�nth�scontext,nat�onshavetheult�materespons�b�l�tyforequ�pp�ngthe�rforcesandforensur�ng,�nd�v�duallyorbyco-operat�vearrangements,theprov�s�onofrequ�redlog�st�cresourcestosupporttheforcesass�gnedtoNATOdur�ngpeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ct.Nat�onsarerespons�bleforensur�ngthatthoseun�tsandformat�onsass�gnedtoNATOareproperlysupportedbyaneffect�veandeffic�entm�ss�onta�loredlog�st�cstructure.Lastly,nat�onsreta�ncontroloverthe�rownresources,unt�l such t�me as they are released to NATO by agreed mechan�sms for theTransferofAuthor�ty(TOA).TheNATOCommanderassumescontrolofcommonlyprov�dedresourcesasd�rectedand�srespons�bleforthe�rlog�st�csupport.

The NATO Commander �s respons�ble for establ�sh�ng the log�st�crequ�rementsforallphasesofanoperat�on,andfortheco-ord�nat�onoflog�st�cplann�ng and supportw�th�n h�s areaof respons�b�l�ty. TheNATOCommander�srespons�bleforthedevelopmentandpromulgat�onofalog�st�csupportplanthat susta�ns the operat�onal plan. Th�s plan must �dent�fy the structures andproceduresrequ�redtoreducecompet�t�onforscarceresourcesbynat�onsandNATOHQsand�nclude,�ncloseco-operat�onw�thnat�ons,the�mplementat�onofthed�fferentmodesoflog�st�csupport.TheNATOCommandermustensurethatthelog�st�cforcestructureandtheappropr�ateCommandandControl(C2)arrangementshavebeenestabl�shedandarecapableofsupport�ngtheoperat�on.TheNATOCommanderalsoco-ord�natessupportamongcontr�but�ngnat�onsandw�ththehostnat�onandreta�nstherespons�b�l�tyforcoord�nat�ngtheoveralllog�st�ceffort,evenwhenpart�c�pat�ngnat�onsrelysolelyonnat�onallog�st�cs.

15) Regarding preliminary inspection and control (“certification”), French formations retained as part of the NRF or High Readiness Forces are submitted to the normal process of certification. Specific “technical agreements” are normally established between ACO and CHOD FR on the hand-over conditions of these units to NATO. Broader authority is not accepted unless special arrangements are in-place.

16) With respect to logistic or resources reporting, FR will report on the situation of units within the multinational chain of command or performing multinational general support (e.g. LLN/LRSN). NSEs will not provide reports unless specific arrangements have been established.

—85—

Appropr�ate respons�b�l�t�es should also be granted to a non-NATOCommanderofamult�nat�onalforcew�th�naNATO-ledoperat�on.V�ceversa,theNATOCommanders’respons�b�l�t�esw�llalsoapplyfornon-NATOnat�ons’troopcont�ngentsw�th�nNATO-ledoperat�ons.

Authority MC 319/2 grants the NATO Commander the key author�ty enabl�ngh�m toensure thath�s force �sproperlysupported,and toestabl�shasupportorgan�sat�ontomeettheoperat�onalrequ�rement.Log�st�ccommandstructuresmustprov�detheNATOCommanderattheappropr�atelevelw�ththeauthor�tytosupporttheforcebyus�ng�n-JOAlog�st�cresources,w�ththepr�orconcurrenceofnat�ons.H�skeyauthor�t�esallowh�mto:

- commandcommonfundedlog�st�cresourcesandassumeoperat�onalcontrol of Mult�nat�onal Integrated Log�st�c Un�ts (MILUs) and otherass�gnedlog�st�cassets,asd�rected;

- red�str�butethelog�st�cassetsofnat�onsforthesupportoftheforces�naccordancew�thpre-agreedtermsandcond�t�ons;and

- �nspect17andrequ�rereportsonthequant�tyandqual�tyofspec�fiedlog�st�cassetsdes�gnatedtosupporttheforcesthatw�llbeunderh�scommand.Fornon-NATOnat�ons,th�sw�ll�ncludethecert�ficat�onoflog�st�c un�ts pr�or to the deployment and �nspect�on as requ�red ofspec�fiedlog�st�cassets.

These key author�t�es also apply to non-NATO Commanders of amult�nat�onalforcepart�c�pat�ng�naNATOledoperat�on.

LogisticPlanninginDefencePlanning Log�st�cplann�ng�san�ntegralpartofdefenceplann�ng18throughtheforceplann�ng process and Partnersh�p Plann�ng and Rev�ew Process (PARP). It �sthe levelatwh�ch thec�v�l andm�l�tary log�st�ccapab�l�t�es requ�red todeploy,susta�nandredeployAll�anceforces�s�dent�fiedbytheSCs�nconsultat�onw�thnat�ons.Theresult�nglog�st�csupportconcepts,structureandproceduresmustbeta�loredtotherespect�veforcesandthe�rrelatedemploymentopt�ons.

The SCs must ensure t�mely and proper �nclus�on of requ�rements forlog�st�c forces and capab�l�t�es �n the force plann�ng process so that nat�ons,�nclud�ngPARPnat�ons,canagreetoacqu�reandprov�dethemtotheAll�ancefor�tsusedur�ngNATO-ledoperat�ons.Theauthor�ty,respons�b�l�tyandfund�ngformult�nat�onallog�st�carrangementsaretobeestabl�sheddur�ngtheoperat�onalplann�ngprocess.

To support nat�ons’ gener�c and long term stockp�le plann�ng w�th�ntheoverallDefencePlann�ngProcess, theSCsare respons�ble fordevelop�ngstockp�le requ�rements �nconsultat�onw�thnat�onsandpubl�sh�ngthem�n the

17) See footnote 2.

18) France is not part of NATO defence planning.

—86—

B�-SCStockp�lePlann�ngGu�dance(SPG).TheB�-SCSPG�sharmon�sedw�ththe NATO force plann�ng process and should prov�de adequate gu�dance forallclassesofsupply.However,wherenosuchgu�dancecanbeg�ven,nat�onalplann�ngfactorsshouldapply.

LogisticPlanninginOperationalPlanning Log�st�coperat�onalplann�ng�sembedded�nMC133/3,NATO’sOperat�onalPlann�ngSystem.Thelevelofdeta�l�srelatedtotheplann�ngcategoryandthelevelofrespons�b�l�ty.Log�st�csupportconceptsandstructuresmustbeta�loredtotherespect�veforcesandthe�rm�ss�ons.Alllog�st�cfunct�ons,descr�bedlater�nth�sdocument,arev�taland�nd�spensablepartsoftheplann�ngprocess.Toach�evethedes�redlevelofmult�nat�onal�ty,nat�onalandNATOlog�st�cplann�ngmust be harmon�sed from the start of the operat�onal plann�ng process. Theforce generat�on process must take �nto cons�derat�on the d�fferent levels ofstandard�sat�on.Log�st�coperat�onalplann�ngshouldcons�derthecontr�but�onsofnon-NATOnat�onsandotherorgan�sat�ons.

LogisticCommandandControl(C2) Log�st�c support to NATO forces must be as effect�ve and effic�ent asposs�ble.Therefore,nat�onsmustprov�deNATOCommandersw�ththelog�st�cC2 author�ty and capab�l�t�es they requ�re assum�ng the�r respons�b�l�t�esthroughoutallthephasesofanoperat�on.It�ncludesco-ord�nat�on,pr�or�t�sat�onanddeconfl�ct�onoflog�st�csandOperat�onalControl(OPCON)overlog�st�cun�tsthatareallocated�ntheJOA,suchasMILUsandspec�ficlog�st�csupportun�ts�dent�fiedandprov�dedbynat�onsthroughtheforcegenerat�onprocess.Th�sw�llensurethateffect�velog�st�cstosupporttheoperat�oncanbeplannedforandexecuted.Theassetsbelong�ng to thenat�onal supportcha�n,wh�ch �ncludesthe un�ts perform�ng Log�st�c Lead Nat�on (LLN) and Log�st�c Role Spec�al�stNat�on(LRSN)m�ss�ons,normallyrema�nundernat�onalcommandunlessthere�saspec�ficd�spos�t�on�ntheTOAmessageorspec�alarrangementrelatedtofund�ng.

LogisticReadinessandSustainability Log�st�csusta�nab�l�tymustsupportNATO’sLevelofAmb�t�onasdefined�ntheDefencePlann�ngM�n�ster�alGu�dance.Nat�onalandNATOlog�st�cplansmustensurethatsuffic�entquant�tyandqual�tyoflog�st�cresourcesareava�lableatorabovetheread�nessanddeployab�l�tyleveloftheforcestheysupport.Theselog�st�cresourcesmustcovertheent�rem�ss�onspectrum.

CooperationinLogistics Co operat�on �n log�st�cs should be cons�dered as the most effic�entmeanstomeetlog�st�cresourcerequ�rements.Measuresthatenhancetheoveralleffic�ency of log�st�c support �nclude thewhole rangeofmult�nat�onal supportopt�ons, �ndustr�al contracts, leas�ng, common or mult�nat�onal procurement,pre-pos�t�on�ng,pool�ngandshar�ngw�thothernat�ons,aswellasarrangementsfor the co-operat�ve acqu�s�t�on andmanagementof certa�n log�st�c stocks.Aframeworkandfurthergu�del�nesform�ngthebas�sforcooperat�on�nlog�st�cs

—87—

arela�ddown�nReferenceI,wh�chseekstoenhanceco-operat�onbyestabl�sh�ngacommonv�s�onacrossthefullspectrumoflog�st�cstoprov�dethebestsupporttotheAll�ance.

RedistributionofLogisticResources Nat�ons have first call on the log�st�c resources �ntegral to the�r forces.However,underexcept�onalc�rcumstances, theNATOCommandermayd�rectthe red�str�but�on of nat�onal log�st�c resources to overcome unant�c�pateddefic�enc�es.Red�str�but�on�snot�ntendedtoredressnat�onalstockp�leshortages.Nat�onsarerequ�redtosusta�nforcesasprescr�bed�nMC55ser�es.

Log�st�cresourcesarecapab�l�t�esthatcouldbemadeupofequ�pment,personnel, suppl�es, and serv�ces. Log�st�c assets are subsumed �nto log�st�cresources and v�ewed as mater�el, spares, stocks and consumable �tems.Personnelare l�m�ted to those �nex�st�ng log�st�corgan�sat�onsandshouldbered�str�butedasaserv�ce.Allthesemaybecons�deredforred�str�but�onbytheNATOCommander�fdeemedessent�alforoperat�onalm�ss�onaccompl�shment.

Log�st�cresourcesheldbyun�tsundermult�nat�onalOPCONaresubjecttored�str�but�onw�th�nthel�m�tat�onsstated�ntheTOAmessage.Resourcesw�th�ntheNSEoranyotherlog�st�cresourcesdeclaredunava�lablebynat�ons,arenotsubjecttored�str�but�on.However,th�sdoesnotprecludetheNATOCommanderfromrequest�ngass�stance fromanat�onalcont�ngent (orNSE)commander, �fdeemednecessary.

Wh�leallNATOCommandershavelog�st�crespons�b�l�t�esandauthor�t�es,red�str�but�on author�ty �s l�m�ted to Jo�nt Force Commanders, A�r, Land andMar�t�meComponentCommanders,and to thoseCommanders �nclud�ng thoscommand�ngass�gnedmult�nat�onalun�tswhohavedelegat�ons�nl�new�ththeTOAarrangements.Thered�str�but�onauthor�tygrantedtoaNATOCommandergenerallycomes�ntoeffectuponTOA.

Pr�or to effect�ng red�str�but�on �f t�me allows or as soon as pract�calafterwards,theNATOCommandershalladv�setheaffectednat�onalauthor�t�esand appropr�ate NATO Commanders of the red�str�but�on act�on(s). Upondeterm�nat�onthatred�str�but�on�srequ�red,theNATOCommandershalld�rectappl�cablesubord�natecommandersofnat�onalelementstoeffectthetransferofthelog�st�cresources.Assoonastheoperat�onals�tuat�onperm�ts,thelog�st�cresourcestransferredunderth�sauthor�tyw�llbereplacedbyrece�v�ngnat�onsor,�fagreedbythenat�ons�nvolved,re�mbursed.

MultinationalLogistics Mult�nat�onallog�st�cs�sdescr�bed�ndeta�ls�nChapter7.

Funding/ResourcesProvision Nat�onsarerespons�bleforthedeployment,susta�nmentandredeploymentofthe�rforces.Nat�onallog�st�cresourcesareprocuredandma�nta�nedforthatpurposeatnat�onalexpense,althoughco-operat�vemult�nat�onalarrangementsshouldbetaken�ntocons�derat�onbynat�onsandtheNATOCommander.

—88—

TheNATOCommandershouldestabl�shresourcerequ�rements,�nclud�nganyforeseenexcept�onstonormalprocedures,andobta�ntherequ�s�tefund�ngauthor�sat�ons�nthecontextoftheplann�ngdocuments.Inpart�cular,requ�rementstosupportreconna�ssance,�n�t�aldeploymentandHQset-upshouldbedefinedand �ncluded �napackageofenabl�ng fund�ng,wh�chshould, �npr�nc�ple,beava�lableatSCAct�vat�onofPre-deployment.

Strateg�c�nfrastructuremaybefundedv�atheNATOSecur�tyInvestmentProgramme(NSIP)dependentonthecontextof�nd�v�dualprojects,wh�lefund�ngof Operat�ons and Ma�ntenance (O&M) costs v�a the M�l�tary Budget (MB)shouldbetaken�ntocons�derat�onthroughcategor�calbudgetallocat�ons.TheSCs must determ�ne the M�n�mum M�l�tary Requ�rements (MMRs). Those thatarecons�deredasstrateg�c �nfrastructuremaybeel�g�ble forcommon fund�ngprov�s�on.Ascommonfund�ngofO&M�srestr�ctedtotheNATOHQs�ntheAOR,anycommonfundedcont�nu�ngact�v�t�esaretherespons�b�l�tyoftheNATOHQ.

CivilResources C�v�lcapab�l�t�esmaycomplementthoseofthem�l�tary.C�v�lequ�pment,goodsandserv�cescanbeut�l�sedtoprov�det�melyandeffect�velog�st�csupporttoanyNATOorNATO-ledoperat�on.Supportcanbebasedonc�v�l resourcesonly when they securely meet the operat�onal requ�rements of the ass�gnedforces.Central�sedprocurementandcontrolofc�v�lresourcesshouldbepursuedtoach�evebettereffic�ency.

Nat�ons should have appropr�ate nat�onal leg�slat�on and otherarrangementsto fac�l�tate thet�melyuseofc�v�l resources �npeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ct.Th�s�sespec�ally�mportanttofac�l�tatetherap�ddeploymentofforces.

LifeCycleSupport A NATO L�fe Cycle Support (LCS) strategy should be used to prov�deequ�pment and mater�el support that meets NATO and nat�ons’ operat�onalrequ�rements �n the most effic�ent manner. Th�s prov�des NATO w�th a forcemult�pl�er when appl�ed mult�nat�onally. Such a strategy �ntegrates acqu�s�t�onandconsumerlog�st�cprocesses�ntooneseamlessprocess.Itmuststartearly�ntherequ�rementphasetoensurethegreatest�mpactondes�gnanddevelopmenttomax�m�seweaponsystemava�lab�l�tyatthemosteconom�caltotalcost.

REFERENCESMC319/2 NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforLog�st�cs

AJP4(A) All�edJo�ntLog�st�cDoctr�ne


—89—

ANNEXAtoChapter6


AJP All�edJo�ntPubl�cat�ons

AOR AreaofREspons�b�l�ty



CROs Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons


GOP GeneralOperat�onalPlans

HCCM Harmon�sat�on,Co-ord�nat�onandControlMechan�sm



LCB Log�st�csCoord�nat�onBoard

LCS L�feCycleSupport

LLN Log�st�cLeadNat�on

LRSN Log�st�cRoleSpec�al�stNat�on


MEDAG Med�calAdv�soryGroup

MILUs Mult�nat�onalIntegratedLog�st�cUn�ts

MMRs M�n�mumM�l�taryRequ�rements

M&TF MovementandTransportat�onForum


NSEs Nat�onalSupportElements

NSIP NATOSecur�tyInvestmentProgram

O&M Operat�onsandMa�ntenance

OPCON Operat�onalControl

PARP Partnersh�pPlann�ngandRev�ewProcess

SACT SupremeAll�edCommanderTransformat�on

—90—

SCs Strateg�cCommands

SHAPE SupremeHeadquartersofAll�edPowers�nEurope



STANAGs Standard�sat�onAgreements

TA Task�ngAuthor�t�es


TTPs Tact�cs,Techn�quesandProcedures

—91—

CHAPTER 7MULTINATIONALLOGISTICS

Strategic Air Transport – An Antonov 124-100, the strategic airlift workhouse of ongoing NATO operations

—92—

—93—

CHAPTER 7MULTINATIONALLOGISTICS

“The more I see of war, the more I realize how it all depends on administration and transportation. It takes little skill or imagination

to see where you would like your army to be and when; it takes much more knowledge and hard work to know where you can place

your forces and whether you can maintain them there.”

- General Sir A. C. P. Wavell, 1977 -

NATO’SLOGISTICSUPPORTCONCEPT Mult�nat�onal log�st�cs �s a tool, wh�ch, depend�ng on the operat�onalrequ�rementsandthespec�fics�tuat�on,canenhanceeffic�encyandeffect�veness.Morespec�fically,thebenefitsofmult�nat�onallog�st�cscanbethereduct�onoftheoverallcostsandofthelog�st�cfootpr�nt,theab�l�tyofnat�onstocontr�butethe�rfa�rshareofsupport,the�mprovementoftheforce’sflex�b�l�ty,theconservat�onofscarcelocalresourcesandabetteruseofspec�ficnat�onalexpert�se.

Mult�nat�onal log�st�cs �s not an a�m �n �tself. Dur�ng the force plann�ngand the force generat�on process, the appl�cab�l�ty, necess�ty and benefits ofmult�nat�onallog�st�csmustbecons�dered.Un�lateralnat�onallog�st�cdec�s�onscouldadversely�mpactontheeffect�venessoftheNATOCommander’sm�ss�on.NATOoperat�onalexper�encedemonstratesthatoncenat�onal log�st�csupportstructures have been establ�shed, �t �s l�kely to prove more d�fficult to movetowardsmult�nat�onallog�st�csolut�ons.Therefore,mult�nat�onallog�st�csolut�onsshouldbepursuedattheoutsetofthelog�st�cplann�ngprocess.

Bes�des nat�onal log�st�c arrangements to support own forces, wheread hoc mutual support may be prov�ded between nat�ons and/or NATOCommanders, therearethreetypesofmult�nat�onal log�st�cs, l�sted �norderof�ncreasedmult�nat�onal�ty:

- pre-plannedmutualsupport,HNS,andcontractorsupporttooperat�onsthatarearrangedb�-ormult�laterallybyNATOand/ornat�ons;

- anat�onformallyundertakestoprov�desupportorserv�cestoallorpartofthemult�nat�onalforce,butundernat�onalcommand.Task�ngauthor�tyw�llbetheNATOCommander;and

- one or more nat�ons formally undertake to serve all or part of themult�nat�onal force, under control of the mult�nat�onal Commander(e.g.MILU).

Mult�nat�onallog�st�cscanbee�therpre-plannedor�ntroduceddur�nganoperat�onasthes�tuat�onevolves.Basedonthetypesabove,NATOandnat�onscan dec�de to apply mult�nat�onal log�st�cs where �t replaces less effect�ve oreffic�entnat�onalsolut�ons.Reta�n�ngtheoveralloperat�onalrespons�b�l�tyforthespec�ficm�ss�ons,theNATOCommander�swellsu�tedtoactasbrokerbetweennat�onstofac�l�tatesuchmult�nat�onalarrangements.Th�s�susuallyaccompl�shed

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through development of appropr�ate Memorandum of Understand�ng (MOU)orTechn�calAgreementsdeta�l�ngthefunct�onal,adm�n�strat�ve,andresource-related�mpl�cat�onsofsuchrelat�onsh�ps.

SUPPORTFORTHENATORESPONSEFORCE(NRF)

“The NRF will (…) give us a highly capable quick-reaction force that is ready for operational deployment wherever required.”

- (Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, Secretary General of NATO) -

General TheNRF�soneofthemostamb�t�ousundertak�ngsthattheAll�ancehasevercomm�ttedto.TheNRF�sNATO‘spr�maryforceforconduct�ngexped�t�onarywarfarew�th�ntheAll�ance’sterr�toryandbeyond.Further,theNRF�stheeng�nefor NATO’s ongo�ng transformat�on, g�v�ng �mpetus to the development oftransformat�onalconceptsandcapab�l�t�es.

Wh�leArt�cle5m�ss�onsw�th�nNATOterr�toryrema�nsthefoundat�onofAll�ance collect�ve defence, exped�t�onary operat�ons beyond NATO’s terr�toryhave taken on added �mportance w�th NATO’s ongo�ng engagement �n Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons(CROs)�nAfr�ca,As�aandEurope.TheNRF�sthefirststepenabl�ngNATOtobetteraddressth�s�ssue.

TheNRFcouldpotent�allybeemployed�nanumberofd�fferentm�ss�ons,suchas:

- �n�t�al entry force �nto a host�le env�ronment, w�th or w�thout HostNat�onSupport;

- supporttocounterterror�smoperat�ons;

- CROs,�nclud�ngpeacekeep�ng;

- embargooperat�ons;

- non-combatantevacuat�on;

- supporttoconsequencemanagementoperat�ons,�nclud�ngChem�cal,B�olog�cal,Rad�olog�calandNuclear(CBRN)eventsandhuman�tar�ancr�s�ss�tuat�ons;and

- demonstrat�ve force package for d�plomat�c and/or deterrencepurposes.

TheNRF�sfundamentallybr�gades�zedw�thappropr�ateland,mar�t�me,a�randspec�aloperat�onsforcesatgraduatedread�ness.TheC2elementandtheforceareat5to30daysNot�cetoMove(NTM)and,oncedeployed,capableof stand�ng alone for up to 30 days, and longer �f re suppl�ed. The force w�llbemult�nat�onal,wh�chw�llnot �mpa�rm�l�taryeffect�veness.TheNRFmustberobustenoughtobeemployedas�n�t�alentryforce�nahost�leareaandcapableofprepar�ngatheatreforfollow-onforces.

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Agener�cNRFComb�nedJo�ntStatementofRequ�rements(CJSOR)hasbeendevelopedandrefinedthroughnat�onalconsensus,w�thav�ewtoprov�d�ngnat�onsw�than �nd�cat�ononthetypeandscaleof forcesandthecapab�l�t�esrequ�red:�t�sthedr�verfortransformat�on.There�sonlyoneCJSORtomeetallsevenNRFm�ss�onsasprescr�bed�nMC477.TheCJSOR�sthebas�sfortheproduct�on of a cred�ble, deployable forcew�th suffic�ent operat�onal flex�b�l�tyandres�l�ence.It�s�mportanttounderstandthattheJo�ntForceCommand(JFC)selects the forcesrequ�redandta�lors themto thespec�ficm�ss�onathand. It�sthereforeveryunl�kelythattheent�reNRFwouldbeemployedforanyg�venm�ss�on. For example, the force package for a human�tar�an m�ss�on w�ll bed�fferentfromahost�leIn�t�alEntryOperat�on.However,thekeyelementmustbeabletogettherequ�ckly.

Capab�l�t�esareass�gnedtotheNRFthrougharotat�oncycle,e�therby�nd�v�dualnat�onsorcollect�velybyagroupoftwoormorenat�ons.Eachrotat�on�splannedfor12months,w�thass�gnedforcesgenerallyserv�ng6monthsondutyforlandanda�rforces,12monthsformar�t�meforces.There�sa6monthwork-upandtra�n�ngper�odbeforetak�ngupthem�ss�on.ThethreeJo�ntHQsatBrunssum,NaplesandL�sbontake�t �nturntoruna12monthrotat�onandprov�dethecoreoftheDeployableJo�ntTaskForce(DJTF)HQthatdeploys.

The pulse of the NRF beats around the NRF rotat�on plan. A raft ofenabl�ng �n�t�at�vesunderp�ns theNRF’searly rotat�ons.These �n�t�at�vesbrokenewgroundandmovedaway fromNATO’sstat�c reg�onaldefenceposture todevelopNATO’sexped�t�onarycapab�l�tyand�tsab�l�tytomeetthemodernglobalthreats.MC526,Log�st�csSupportConceptforNRFOperat�ons,wasdevelopedto complete a su�te of concept documents address�ng read�ness report�ng,new command relat�onsh�ps, a cert�ficat�on programme t�ed to the necessaryqual�fy�ngcr�ter�aandarev�ewofthecapab�l�typackagesneededtoprov�detheNRF’srequ�rements.

MC526–LogisticSupportConceptforNRFOperations TheLog�st�cSupportConceptforNRFOperat�ons,MC526,complementsMC477,NATO‘soverarch�ngNRFConcept,andd�st�llsabroadrangeofNATOLog�st�cPol�c�esandPr�nc�ples�ntoaforward-look�ngconceptfordefin�ngthespec�fic modal�t�es requ�red to most effect�vely support NATO exped�t�onaryoperat�ons.

Log�st�cs �s a key enabler for the NRF. In order to ach�eve the keytenetsofdeployab�l�tyw�th�nthe30dayt�mel�ne,thelog�st�cssupportconceptunderscores theneed tom�n�m�se the log�st�c footpr�nt. To th�s end, jo�ntnessandmult�nat�onal�tyareessent�al,buttheycanonlyreal�sebenefitsfromun�tyofcommandandproper�nformat�onmanagement.Inadd�t�on,us�ngmult�nat�onalsolut�ons supports nat�onal requ�rements, shares burdens and reducesdupl�cat�on.MC526setstheprecond�t�onsfortheprov�s�onoflog�st�csupportfortheNRFandbu�ldsonaC2structure,w�thaJo�ntLog�st�cSupportGroup(JLSG)toprov�detheatrelevellog�st�ccapab�l�tyforthevar�ouscomponents.

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AkeyfeatureofMC526�s�ntegratedlog�st�csw�ththema�np�llarsdefinedasun�tyoflog�st�ccommand,jo�ntnessandtheopt�mumadopt�onofmult�nat�onallog�st�c solut�ons. Integrated log�st�cs a�ms at generat�ng, support�ng andmax�m�z�ngthem�ss�oneffect�venessofthe jo�ntforcebyenabl�ngoperat�onalreach, fac�l�tat�ng the scheme of maneuver and ma�nta�n�ng des�red levels ofcombatpower.

MC526�ncreasestherel�anceonamorecentral�zedlog�st�corgan�sat�onw�th expanded C2 and d�rect respons�b�l�ty for the prov�s�on of theatre levelsusta�nment.Oneofthekeytenets�stheNATOCommanderbe�ngabletocontrolthe log�st�cassets,sothathe �sabletored�rect log�st�cresourcestobestsu�th�soperat�onalm�ss�on.Anaturalconsequence�stheut�l�zat�onofmult�nat�onallog�st�cs solut�ons thereby reduc�ng Nat�onal Support Elements (NSEs). To�llustrate th�s, �nKosovo, the log�st�c footpr�nt represents justover50%of thetroopsontheground.

Otherrelatedbenefits�ncludeeffic�enc�es�nthesusta�nmentofthejo�ntforce,enhancedjo�ntnessand�mprovedv�s�b�l�tyovertheatrelevellog�st�cassets.Mostm�l�taryoperat�onstodayw�llbejo�nt,orarepotent�allyjo�nt�nnature.Th�shass�gn�ficantlog�st�c�mpl�cat�onsandallsusta�nmentsolut�onsmustthereforeapprec�atethecomplex�t�esofthejo�ntd�mens�on.‘Th�nk�ngjo�nt’�snecessary,even�fthem�ss�onbeg�nsasas�nglecomponentoperat�on.Thekeychallenge�stoestabl�shthecapab�l�tyfortheappl�cat�onoftherequ�s�teun�tyofcommandoverNRFlog�st�csattheatrelevel,�.e.theJLSGHQ.Establ�sh�ngth�scapab�l�tybasedontheMJLCasacorenucleusbecomesav�talstep�nthe�mplementat�onofMC526.

The �mplementat�on of MC 526 �s the ma�n effort �n the ongo�ngtransformat�onofNATO log�st�cw�th�nAll�edCommandOperat�ons (ACO)and�ts success �s cons�dered as a prerequ�s�te to mult�nat�onal log�st�cs �n NATOoperat�ons.Althoughnat�onsfullysupportMC526andacknowledgethelog�st�coperat�onaladvantagesandthes�gn�ficant�ncreasedeffic�encythat�tmaybr�ng,�ts�mplementat�on�s�ncrementalratherthan‘B�gBang’.

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Thefull�mplementat�onofMC526hastwofundamentalphases:

- Phase1:theestabl�shmentandtra�n�ngofacert�fiedJLSGHQ;and

- Phase2:theprov�s�on,tra�n�ngandcert�ficat�onofassetsfortheJLSGCJSOR.

Phase2requ�restheeffortsofbothJFCsandnat�ons.ACO�srespons�bleforach�ev�ngPhase1andmak�ngtheJLSGHQareal�ty.Phase1�sacruc�alsteptoconv�ncenat�onstocontr�butelog�st�celementstotheCJSOR.Thesuccessful�mplementat�onofMC526 restssquarelyon theab�l�tyofACO toestabl�shaJLSGHQfromw�th�ntheNCSandshouldACOfa�lmeet�ngth�schallenge,theexpans�onofmult�nat�onallog�st�csolut�onswouldbemored�fficult.

MC551–MedicalSupportConceptforNRFOperations NRFoperat�onalemploymentpr�nc�plesalsodemandedchanges �n theway�nwh�chNATOprov�desmed�calsupporttodeployedun�ts.Inth�scontext,pre generat�on, tra�n�ng and cert�ficat�on of NRF un�ts and h�gh read�nesst�mel�nesarekey.Th�srequ�resh�ghtransparencyandcooperat�onfromTroopContr�but�ng Nat�ons, �n part�cular �f Mult�nat�onal Med�cal Un�ts are to beach�eved.AnNRFMed�calSupportConcept (MC551)hasbeendeveloped �nl�new�ththerequ�rementssetbyMC477andMC526.MC551concentratesonthecompos�t�onandpreparat�onoftheMed�calTaskForceforaspec�ficNRFrotat�on. Overall, the changes �n plann�ng and conduct�ng med�cal support toNRFandNATOoperat�onsarereflected�nthecompleterewr�teofAJP4.10(A),Operat�onalMed�calSupport.Thespec�ficdemandsof the transformedNATOon the capab�l�t�es, capac�t�es and flex�b�l�ty of NATO med�cal un�ts are be�ng�ncorporated�ntheNATOforceplann�ngcycle.

MC526andMC551are landmarkach�evements for theAll�ance �n �tsdr�vetomakemult�nat�onallog�st�csolut�onsthenormratherthantheexcept�on.TheNRFLog�st�cConceptoffersthenat�onsarealpotent�alforresourcesav�ngs.However,thekeyoperat�onaldr�vermustbetomaketheNRFatrulyag�le,leananddeployable force.Th�s �s theoperat�onaldr�ver foramore �ntegratedandmult�nat�onal log�st�cconstruct.TheJLSGHQ thenbecomes themostcr�t�calenabler�npromot�ngth�s�n�t�at�ve.

THEMULTINATIONALJOINTLOGISTICCENTRECONCEPT:AJP-4.6 NATO’snewforcestructuresprov�deamuchh�gherdegreeofmult�nat�onal�tythandur�ngthecoldwarper�od.Th�sappl�esnotonlytothenumberofex�st�ngoremerg�ngmult�nat�onalun�tsbutalsotothedeepermult�nat�onal �ntegrat�onat lower levels of command. Consequently, the log�st�c support system andstructuresalsoneededtobeadaptedtothatprocess.TheSCshavedevelopedthe MJLC Doctr�ne �n order to assume the enhanced log�st�c author�t�es andrespons�b�l�t�esofNATOCommandersandtoenableNATOheadquartersatthed�fferent levelsofcommandtoproperlyco-ord�nate the log�st�csupportw�th�nthe�rareaofrespons�b�l�ty.

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TheMJLC�stheog�st�cp�llaroftheCJTF(MC389)wh�chprov�desthestructures and procedures that the NATO Commander needs to exerc�se h�slog�st�c author�t�es and respons�b�l�t�es �n an effect�ve and well co-ord�natedfash�on.

Wh�lst MC 389 prov�des a sol�d foundat�on for the establ�shment of aMJLC,thefollow�ngpo�ntsrelatedto�tsformat�onaresal�entandkey:

- Flexibility.Thegu�d�ngpr�nc�plefortheformat�onofaCJTFHQanda MJLC �s flex�b�l�ty. Flex�b�l�ty �ncreases the organ�sat�on’s ab�l�tyto respond tochang�ngneedsand reduces the response t�me. It �s�mprovedbymodular�tyandtra�nedandreadystaffs.

- Modularity.Amodularapproachtostructur�ngtheMJLC�sessent�al,espec�ally for non-Art�cle 5 operat�ons. Th�s �ncludes organ�sat�onaltemplates and modular bu�ld�ng blocks of MJLC funct�ons, wh�chmaybequ�cklyadded,sh�ftedordeletedas therequ�rementsofanoperat�onchange.

- Training.Nosubst�tuteex�stsfortra�nedandreadystaffs.Thesemustbeava�lableuponact�vat�onofanMJLC�fthecentre�stobe�n�t�allyeffect�ve.Therefore,parentHQsw�llbe�dent�fiedtoaccommodatetheMJLCnucleusstaff.

MODESOFMULTINATIONALLOGISTICS:AJP-4.9 Log�st�csupportopt�onsfortheNATOCommanderrangefromatotally�ntegratedmult�nat�onal log�st�c force topurelynat�onal support.Normally, theNATO force w�ll be supported through a comb�nat�on of the var�ous ava�lableopt�ons. Regardless, however, of the opt�ons used, nat�onal and NATOCommandersrema�nrespons�bleforthesusta�nmentoftheforces�nvolved.Inallcases,thelog�st�csupportopt�onsusedshouldbeta�loredtomeetthem�ss�onrequ�rementsandadheretothelog�st�cpr�nc�plessetforth�nMC319/2.

To supplement purely nat�onal log�st�c support, ease the �nd�v�dualnat�onalburdenandach�eve�ncreasedeconom�esofscale,thefollow�ngmodesofmult�nat�onallog�st�csupportmaybe�mplemented:

- leadnat�onlog�st�csupport;

- rolespec�al�stnat�onlog�st�csupport;

- mutualsupportarrangements;

- commonlyfundedlog�st�cresources;

- mult�nat�onal�ntegratedlog�st�csupport,a�rcraftcrossserv�c�ng;and

- contract�ngsupport.

These modes of support can be �mplemented at d�fferent levels ofcommandandtod�fferentdegrees.Thepart�es�nvolvedw�llmakeacasebycasedec�s�onastowh�ch,whereandwhenoneofthesemodes�stobe�mplemented.Theappropr�ateNATOCommandermayserveasamed�atorbetweennat�onsand

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assumeacoord�nat�ngrole�frequ�red.Alloftheabovement�onedmodescanbeusedforArt�cle5andnonArt�cle5operat�onsandforpreplannedcont�ngencyoperat�ons,aswellasforadhocoperat�onsandbothw�th�nandbeyondNATO’sareaofrespons�b�l�ty.

LeadNationLogisticSupport One nat�on, based on capab�l�t�es, agrees to assume the respons�b�l�tyforprocur�ngandprov�d�ngabroadspectrumoflog�st�csupportforallorapartofthemult�nat�onalforceand/orheadquarters.Inoneoperat�onmorethanonelead nat�on can be des�gnated to prov�de a spec�al range of support w�th�n aclearlydefinedfunct�onalandreg�onalareaofrespons�b�l�ty.Aleadnat�onmayalsoassumetherespons�b�l�tytocoord�natelog�st�csofothernat�onsw�th�n�tsfunct�onalandreg�onalareaofrespons�b�l�ty.Compensat�onand/orre�mbursementw�llthenbesubjecttoagreementsbetweenthepart�es�nvolved.

RoleSpecialistNationLogisticSupport Onenat�onassumestherespons�b�l�tyforprocur�ngapart�cularclassofsupplyorserv�ceforallorapartofthemult�nat�onalforce.Ifonepart�c�pat�ngnat�on has a part�cular and un�que log�st�c strength, capab�l�ty for commonsuppl�es and serv�ces should always be cons�dered. Compensat�on and/orre�mbursementw�llbesubjecttoagreementsbetweenthepart�es�nvolved.

MultinationalSupportArrangements These agreements may be concluded b�laterally and/or mult�laterallyamongnat�onsand/orbetweennat�onsandNATOauthor�t�es.Theyshouldeasethe �nd�v�dual log�st�c burden and enhance the overall log�st�c effic�ency andeconomy.Theycanbe�mplementedforeachtypeoflog�st�csupportorserv�ceandw�llhelpavo�ddupl�cat�onsofeffortandredundanc�es.NATOCommandersmaybetaskedtomed�ateandcoord�natesucharrangements.

CommonlyFundedLogisticResources These�ncludetheassetsthathavebeen�dent�fiedasel�g�bleforcommonfund�ngandforwh�chfundshavebeenmadeava�lable.Thefund�ngproceduresmust be developed and agreed well before the operat�on starts and shouldprov�de suffic�ent flex�b�l�ty and respons�veness. These resources may �ncludebutarenotl�m�tedtothefollow�ngassetsandserv�ces:

- �nfrastructureandrealestate,suchasdepots,a�rfields,headquarters,camps,portsandl�nesofcommun�cat�ons(LOC);

- operat�ngco-ord�nat�ngtheuse�nfrastructureandrealestate;

- commun�cat�onand�nformat�onsystem(CIS)assets;and

- log�st�ceng�neer�ng.

MultinationalIntegratedLogisticSupport Twoormorenat�onsagree toprov�de log�st�cassets toamult�nat�onallog�st�c forceunderoperat�onalcontrolofaNATOCommander for the log�st�c

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supportofamult�nat�onal force.Th�s �sanespec�allyattract�vesupportopt�onwhenones�nglenat�on�scapableofprov�d�ngthenucleusoftheun�tand/orthecommandstructure,aroundwh�chthewholeun�tcanthenbeformedbyotheraugmentat�onsandcont�ngents.Suchmult�nat�onalun�tscaneffect�velyavo�ddupl�cat�onsofeffortandredundanc�esw�th�nthelog�st�csystemofanoperat�on.Compensat�on and/or re�mbursement are subject to agreements between thepart�es�nvolved.

AircraftCross-Servicing Th�s �sdefinedasserv�cesperformedonana�rcraftbyanorgan�sat�onother than that to wh�ch the a�rcraft �s ass�gned, accord�ng to an establ�shedoperat�onal a�rcraft cross-serv�c�ng requ�rement and for wh�ch there may be acharge.A�rcraftcrossserv�c�ng�sd�v�ded�ntotwocategor�es:

- StageACross-Servicing.Theserv�c�ngofana�rcraftonanaerodrome/sh�pwh�chenablesthea�rcrafttobeflownonanotherm�ss�on,w�thoutchange to the weapon configurat�on. The serv�c�ng �ncludes the�nstallat�onandremovalofweaponsystemsafetydev�ces,refuell�ng,replen�shmentofflu�dsandgases,dragchutesstart�ngfac�l�t�esandgroundhandl�ng.

- StageBCross-Servicing.Theserv�c�ngofa�rcraftonaerodrome/sh�pwh�chenablesthea�rcrafttobeflownonanoperat�onalm�ss�on.Theserv�c�ng �ncludes all Stage A serv�ce plus the load�ng of weaponsand/or film/v�deotape and the replen�shment of chaff and flares.Th�s�ncludestheprocess�ngand�nterpretat�onofanyexposedfilm/v�deotapefromtheprev�ousm�ss�on.

The A�rcraft Cross-Serv�c�ng Programme (ACSP) �ncludes operat�onaltaskssuchasdebr�efing,re-task�ngandm�ss�onplann�ng.Thea�moftheACSP�stoprov�deoperat�onalcommandersw�thaflex�blemeansofach�ev�ngrap�dregenerat�onofcombatreadya�rcraftthrough�nteroperab�l�ty.

LocalContracting The NATO Commander and nat�ons w�ll use commerc�al contracts tosupporttheNATOforceswhen�t�seconom�candkeepsm�l�taryassetsava�lablefor h�gher pr�or�ty tasks. The NATO Commander and nat�ons w�ll adjust theextentof rel�anceoncontract�ngbasedonthes�tuat�on.Theuseof theNATOMa�ntenanceandSupplyAgency(NAMSA)forcontract�ngass�stanceshouldbecons�deredforNATOoperat�ons.S�nceNATOcommonandcentral�sedfund�ng�sl�m�tedtospec�ficcategor�esofgoodsandserv�ces,mostcontractact�onw�llbefundednat�onally.NATOw�ll,however,co-ord�natenat�onalcontract�ngeffortstoensureenhancementofthecontractprocess,reduct�onofcompet�t�onbetweennat�onsandreal�sat�onofeconom�esscale.Theprudentuseofcontract�ngco-ord�nat�ngact�v�t�esandtheco-operat�onofnat�onsareessent�al.Effect�veNATOco-ord�nat�onofthecontract�ngeffortw�llenhance,noth�nder,thecontract�ngeffortsofthenat�ons.

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CONTRACTORSUPPORTTOOPERATIONS Contractorsupporttooperat�onsenablescompetentcommerc�alent�t�estoprov�deaport�onofdeployedsupportsothatsuchsupportensuresthemosteffic�entandeffect�veuseofresources.Contractorsupporttooperat�onsoffersausefulforce-mult�pl�ertooltoNATO,�tsmembernat�onsandPartners.

AdvantagesofContractorSupporttoOperations Contractorsupport �saforcemult�pl�erthatcanbepart�cularlyvaluablewhen:

- them�l�tarymanpowerstrength�nanat�onalcont�ngentor �naJo�ntOperat�onsArea(JOA)�sl�m�tedbyapol�t�caldec�s�on;

- therequ�redcapab�l�ty�snotava�lablefromm�l�tar�lysources;

- therequ�redcapab�l�tyhasnotbeenmadeava�lableforanoperat�on;

- them�l�tarycapab�l�ty�snotava�lable�nsuffic�entnumberstosusta�nanoperat�on;

- them�l�tarycapab�l�ty�srequ�redforotherm�ss�ons;and/or

- the use of local contractors supports an agreed C�v�l-M�l�tary Co-operat�on(CIMIC)plan;

- theuseofcontractors(c�v�l�ansorlocallabour)forcerta�nfunct�ons,andatcerta�nt�mesmaybemorecost-effect�ve;and

- there�sanoperat�onalneedforcont�nu�tyandexper�encethatcannotbeprov�dedbyus�ngm�l�tarymanpoweronarotat�onalbas�s.

PlanningforContractorSupport Plannedcontractorsupporttooperat�onsenta�lsadel�berateapproachtodeterm�n�ngwh�chsupportrequ�rementsforanoperat�oncanbeeffect�velyandeffic�entlymetbycontract�ngw�thacommerc�alprov�der.Adhoccontract�ngcanalsorespondtounforeseenrequ�rementsthatmayar�sedur�ngthecourseofanoperat�on.

Bothplannedandadhoccontract�ngcanreleasem�l�tarymanpowerforothertasks.However,theplannedapproachhasthegreaterpotent�altomakethebestuseofbothm�l�taryandc�v�l�ansupportcapab�l�t�es,fromthestandpo�ntofoperat�onaleffect�venessandcosteffic�ency.

FormsofPlannedContracting Plannedcontract�ngcantakeanumberof forms, themostcommonofwh�chare:

- techn�calsupportcontracts,wh�chprov�defor�ndustryspec�al�ststoaccompanytheforceforthepurposeofprov�d�ngtechn�caladv�ceorsupport;

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- systemsupportcontracts,wh�chprov�deContractorLog�st�cSupport(CLS)aspartofacontracttodel�ver,�mplementandma�nta�nweaponssystemsandequ�pmentforpartorallofthe�rl�fecycle;

- lease contracts, wh�ch prov�de real property for the exclus�ve useof the customer, for pre-defined purposes, typ�cally at fixed costarrangementsoverthecontractdurat�on,oftenprov�d�ngtheopt�ontobuy;

- partner�ngarrangementsw�thpr�mecontractors,onalong-termbas�s,whow�llsub-contract�nd�v�dualelementsofsupportasrequ�red;

- dormantcontracts,wh�chareawardedtoafirmforspec�fiedgoodsand/orserv�ces,butwh�chexecut�on�spostponedunt�ltherequ�rementactuallymater�al�ses;

- assuredaccesscontracts,wh�chlegallyb�ndacontractortoprov�dearequ�redcapab�l�tywhenneeded;

- preferred use contracts, wh�ch declare, by Letter of Intent, thew�ll�ngnessof thecontractor toprov�de the requ�redcapab�l�tyaftertenderwhenneeded;

- ReadyInv�tat�onsforB�d(RIFB),wh�charepreparedandkeptcurrent,but wh�ch w�ll be �ssued to potent�al contractors �f and when therequ�rementoccurs;

- Bas�cOrder�ngArrangements(BOA),already�nusebyNATOAgenc�es,prov�dea ‘call-off’capab�l�ty �nwh�chmult�pleuserscandrawonas�nglecontractualarrangementw�thapart�cularsuppl�er;and

- spotmarketacqu�s�t�onwhengoodsandserv�cesareread�lyava�lableonthemarketanddonotrequ�rethatarrangementsbeput�nplace�nadvance.

Techn�cal support and system support contractors normally augment,ratherthansubst�tutefor,m�l�taryfunct�ons.

Lease, partner�ng, dormant and assured access contracts have theadvantages of t�mel�ness, as they requ�re no last-m�nute sol�c�tat�on, andava�lab�l�ty, s�nce there are legal assurances of performance when they areact�vated.The�rd�sadvantages�ncludethecarry�ngcostsassoc�atedw�thb�nd�ngacontractortoperformatan�ndefin�tet�meandplace.Capab�l�t�esthatrequ�reas�gn�ficantcap�tal�nvestmentcouldbecons�deredsu�tableforlease,dormantandassuredaccesscontracts,becausethecap�tal�nvestmentwouldbemadebytheprov�derratherthanbythecustomer.Capab�l�t�esthatarerequ�redfromtheonsetofanoperat�onmaybecons�deredsu�tableforanynumberofformsofcontract�ngthatcanbearranged�nadvance.

RIFBsaremorecost-effect�vebecausethey�ncurnosuchcarry�ngcosts.However,thecostadvantageofRIFBsmustbewe�ghedaga�nsttheadd�t�onalt�meneededtosol�c�tb�dsandawardacontract,andtheoperat�onalr�sksthat

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th�sm�ghtenta�l.Capab�l�t�esthatarenormallyoutsourceddur�ngthecourseofanoperat�oncouldbecons�deredsu�tableforRIFBs.

BOAsaresu�tablewhenthere�sregularsusta�neddemandforlowvalue�tems such as consumables. They may also be appropr�ate �n the context ofcontractorsupporttooperat�ons.

In cases where requ�red goods and serv�ces are read�ly ava�lable fromthemarket,purchasesmaybearrangedon-the-spotthroughadhoccontract�ngw�thoutpr�orpreparat�on.

All contractor support opt�ons are ava�lable for use by nat�ons andshould be cons�dered where appropr�ate. If aggregate nat�onal requ�rementsare of a suffic�ently large scale, nat�ons m�ght cons�der develop�ng partner�ngarrangements w�th a commerc�al prov�der, who could play a part �n supportplann�ng,aswellas�nlongtermdel�veryofsupportserv�ces.

FundingContractorSupport Contractorsupportenta�lsmeet�ngthreegroupsofcosts:

- set-upandmanagementcostsforNATOandthenat�ons;

- costsassoc�atedw�ththeemploymentofcontractors,suchastra�n�nganddeployment;and

- paymentforcontractors’serv�ces.Thesewouldhavetobemetfromanumberofsources,�.e.NATOcommonfund�ng,mult�nat�onalfund�ng�nclud�ngjo�ntandtrustfund�ngandnat�onalfund�ng.

ResponsibilityforPlanningContractorSupport Nat�onsandNATOauthor�t�eshaveacollect�verespons�b�l�tyforplann�ngand �mplement�ng contractor support to NATO’s mult�nat�onal operat�ons.Th�s collect�ve respons�b�l�ty encourages nat�ons and NATO to co operat�vely�dent�fysupportrequ�rementsthatcouldbemetbyc�v�l�ancontractors,put�ntoplacecontractualarrangementsandsharetheprov�s�onanduseofcontractorcapab�l�t�esand resources, throughpr�oragreedarrangements, tosupport theforceeffect�velyandeffic�ently.

AuthorityoverContractedCapabilities TheNATOCommander,attheappropr�atelevel,mustbeg�vensuffic�entauthor�tyovercontractedresources �norder toenableh�mtorece�ve,employ,susta�n and redeploy forces ass�gned to h�m by nat�ons �n the most effect�vemanner.WhereNATO�sthecontract�ngauthor�ty,theNATOCommanderhasfullcontroloverthecontractors’act�v�t�es�naccordancew�thappl�cableregulat�ons,termsandcond�t�onsla�ddown�nthecontract.However,whereanat�on�sthecontract�ngauthor�ty,andthecontractedsupport�sfornat�onalpurposesonly,theNATOCommander’sauthor�tyoverthecontractedsupportw�llbe�naccordancew�ththeTOAorotherarrangementsagreedbetweentheNATOCommanderandthenat�on.

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FunctionsthatcouldbePerformedbyContractors Properly prepared and funded, contractor support has the potent�al toenhancesupporttooperat�ons,releasedeployedCS/CSSresourcesforh�gherpr�or�ty tasks elsewhere, overcome �dent�fied CS/CSS shortfalls and prov�deendurance where needed, w�th less �mpact on m�l�tary assets than would bethecasew�thout �t.Contractorsupport �snotappl�cable tocombat funct�ons.It �sappl�cable toa l�m�tednumberofCS funct�onsandaw�de rangeofCSSfunct�ons,wh�chmay�nclude:

- techn�calserv�ces,wh�chareperformedbyqual�fiedexpertstosupporttechn�cal systems or processes. These could �nclude: CLS, set upand ma�ntenance of weapons systems, operat�on and ma�ntenanceof commun�cat�ons, certa�n aspects of support to health serv�ces,techn�calcommun�cat�onsand�nformat�onsystems(CIS)serv�cesandautomateddataprocess�ng(ADP)support,�n-theatretechn�caltra�n�ngandexpertadv�ce,suchasthatprov�dedbynat�onalfunct�onalexpertsandtechn�calstaffofNATOagenc�es;and

- supportserv�ces,wh�chprov�dedeploymentandsusta�nmentsupportsuchasstrateg�c transport,strateg�caero-med�calevacuat�on,a�r—to a�r refuell�ng, operat�on of sea/a�r ports of debarkat�on, a�r trafficcontrol, fire fight�ng, base camp construct�on and ma�ntenance,�nstallat�onsecur�tyserv�ces,fuelstorageandd�str�but�on,�nfrastructureeng�neer�ng serv�ces, elements of deployed pr�mary and secondaryhealth care, med�cal anc�llary serv�ces; ground transportat�on;ma�ntenanceandrepa�r,recovery,env�ronmentalserv�ces(san�tat�on,refuse, salvage), prov�s�on of food and water, cater�ng and locallabour.

StatusandUseofContractors The force cons�sts of combatants and non-combatants. Contractorpersonnel, whether c�v�l�ans accompany�ng the force or local h�res, are non-combatants.Localh�res,regardlessofnat�onal�ty,aresubjecttothelawsofthenat�onwheretheyareoperat�ngandmaynotenjoythelegalstatusaccordedtoc�v�l�ansaccompany�ngtheforce.

NATO and nat�ons engaged �n NATO operat�ons wh�ch �nvolve theemploymentofcontractorsshouldclearlydefinethestatusofcontractorpersonnelandequ�pment�nallagreements,understand�ngs,arrangementsandotherlegaldocuments w�th host nat�ons. These documents, such as a Status of ForcesAgreement(SOFA)orTrans�tAgreement,shouldestabl�shlegaljur�sd�ct�on,ther�ghtstotaxandcustomsexempt�ons,v�sarequ�rements,movementl�m�tat�onsandanyothermatterswh�chhostnat�onsarew�ll�ngtoagree.

MultinationalCo-operation Inordertoobta�nthebestposs�bletermsandcond�t�ons,nat�onsshouldconsol�date the�r requ�rements �nto common Requests for Proposals (RFPs).Wh�le most TCNs may have the�r own deployable contract�ng staffs and may

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bepreparedtoact�ndependently�ntheatre,therearecons�derableadvantagestobega�nedfromut�l�s�ngacollect�veapproach.Nat�onsshouldthereforetakeadvantageoftheTheatreAll�edContract�ngOffice(TACO)andofNATOAgenc�essuch as the NATO Ma�ntenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) and the NATOConsultat�on,CommandandControlAgency (NC3A),whocanprov�detheatrecontract�ngserv�cesonare�mbursablebas�s.

OperationalPlanningConsiderationsforContractorSupport From an operat�onal plann�ng po�nt of v�ew, there �s a number ofcons�derat�ons that �nfluencedec�s�onswhether toemploycontractorsupport.Add�t�onally,plann�ngandpreparat�on�snecessarytoensurethatrequ�rementsforcontractorsupportare�dent�fiedearlyandthatthe�rcontr�but�onstooperat�onsarefullyopt�m�sed.Thesecons�derat�onsarethefollow�ng:

- Type of Operat�on. Operat�ons that enta�l a h�gher r�sk of combat,such as to �n�t�al entry operat�ons, are less su�table for outsourc�ngthan lower r�sk operat�ons, such as peacekeep�ng and stab�l�zat�onoperat�ons.

- Phase of the Operat�on. In the early stages of an operat�on, mostsupportfunct�onsareperformedbym�l�taryun�tsforreasonsofh�ghr�sk,effic�ency,operat�onaleffect�venessandsecur�ty.Astheenv�ronmentstab�l�zesandther�sk�sreduced,selectedsupportfunct�onscanbegraduallytransferredtocontractorsandlocalauthor�t�es.

- ForceProtect�on.Althoughcontractorscanbemostlyself-suffic�ent,theyarenon-combatantsandtheforcemustthereforeprov�desecur�tyforthemand�dent�fytherequ�rementforequ�pp�ngandtra�n�ngthemfor defence aga�nst chem�cal, b�olog�cal, rad�olog�cal and nuclearthreats. Inareaswhere localmed�calcare �snotava�lable, the forcemayneedtoprov�de�taswell.Thusthebenefitsofus�ngcontractorsmustbewe�ghedaga�nsttheresourcesrequ�redtoensurethe�rhealthandsafety.

- Operat�onal Secur�ty. Th�s r�sk appl�es at two levels - operat�onal(knowledge of m�l�tary plans and �ntent�ons) and tact�cal (localsurve�llanceofm�l�tarycapab�l�t�esandact�v�t�es).Theformer�sar�skthatNATOnat�onshaveacceptedprev�ously,notleast�nthecaseofstrateg�cdeployment,wherecommerc�alprov�dershave longhadas�gn�ficantrole.Thelatterr�sk�scons�deredlow�n�nstanceswhenthecontractorstaffcons�stsofexpatr�atenat�onalsofthesameTCNastheforcesupported;but�sh�gher�nthecaseofhost-countryorth�rd-country nat�onals. It demands management by secur�ty vett�ng andmon�tor�ngofthesepersonnel.

IntegrationofContractorCapabilities Wherecontractorshavealreadybeenselected�nadvanceofanoperat�onto prov�de support and when operat�onal secur�ty requ�rements have beensat�sfied,theyshouldcontr�butetotheoperat�onalsupportplann�ngprocessto

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ensurethatthe�rcapab�l�t�esareproperly�ntegrated�ntotherelevantannexesoftheOperat�onPlan(OPLAN).Thedeploymentofcontractors,whetherus�ngthe�rownresourcesornot,mustbe�ncluded�ntheoverallNATOdeploymentplan.

Dur�ngexecut�on,theforceC2structuremustprov�detherequ�red�nterfacebetween the contractors and the echelons supported so that the contractor�s �nformedoftheoperat�onalp�ctureasrequ�red,andtoallowflex�b�l�ty �ntheemploymentofcontractorstomeetoperat�onalrequ�rements.

ContractManagement Commanders w�ll requ�re funct�onal staff expert�se to adm�n�ster thecontract, �dent�fychanges to requ�rements,negot�atechanges to thecontract,evaluatetheperformanceofthecontractor,assesspenalt�esfornon-performanceandcert�fypaymentfordel�veryofserv�ces.

Contractual�nstrumentsshall,undertherespons�b�l�tyoftheContract�ngOfficer, be adm�n�stered �n such a manner as to ensure that the contractualobl�gat�onsofthecontractorandNATOarecorrectlyandpromptlyfulfilledandthatNATO’sr�ghtsunderthetermsofthecontractual�nstrumentsareexerc�sedlawfullyand�nthebest�nterestsoftheAll�anceand�tscustomers.

COMPONENTSUPPORTCONCEPTS–(ALP-4.1,4.2,4.3) Wh�leNATO’slog�st�cconceptembracesjo�ntness,eachcomponent,dueto thenatureof �tsm�ss�on, hasa sl�ghtlyd�fferent approach to �mplement�ngthemult�nat�onallog�st�cconcept.Althoughthespec�ficmethodsofsupport�ngdeployed mult�nat�onal un�ts do vary, the�r support requ�rements are verys�m�lar. That �s, support elements must be flex�ble, mob�le and respons�ve tothe requ�rements of the component commander. Where effic�enc�es can bega�ned, jo�ntness should be ma�nta�ned down to the lowest level pract�cable.Ingeneralterms,th�smeansthatoperat�onal levelsupportelementsmayhaveageograph�calareaofrespons�b�l�tytoprov�desupporttoa jo�nt force.Atthetact�cal level, however, support elements w�ll l�kely be focused at support�ng,on a funct�onal bas�s, spec�fic component elements. A broad synops�s of thecomponentsupportconcepts�sprov�dedbelow.

MaritimeSupportConcept:ALP-4.1 Support to a deployed Mult�nat�onal Mar�t�me Force (MNMF) has twofacets:ashoreandafloatsupports.Inajo�ntcontext,afloatsupport�sthesolerespons�b�l�tyofthetact�callevel(MNMF)commander,whereasrespons�b�l�tyforashoresupport�ssharedbetweentheoperat�onalandthetact�calcommandersbecausetheoperat�onalcommander�stheonlycommanderw�ththecapab�l�tyto co-ord�nate the flow of personnel, ma�l and cargo from ashore to the taskforce.Toensure theappropr�ate focusof theashoreelementcommander, theashore element must be respons�ve to the afloat commander (MNMF), butrespons�bletotheCJTFcommander.Inalargeoperat�on,thecha�nofcommandfromtheashoresupportorgan�sat�onmaybethroughaMult�nat�onalLog�st�csCommand(Mar�t�me)(MNLC(M))wh�le�nasmalleroperat�on,theashoresupportcommandermayreportd�rectlytotheMJLC.

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The fundamentalpreceptof themar�t�me log�st�csupportconcept �s toprov�de ashore central�sed d�str�but�on and support s�tes for the MNMF. Theconcept calls for mult�nat�onal Advanced Log�st�c Support S�tes (ALSSs) thatprov�deavar�etyofl�fesupport,supply,d�str�but�on,med�cal,damagerepa�r,etc.,�nsupportoftheent�reforce.Smaller,moremob�le,ForwardLog�st�cS�tes(FLSs),locatedclosertothesupportedforce,areemployedasfinald�str�but�onpo�ntsforpersonnel,ma�landcargoflow�ngfromthelarger,morecapableALSS.Thesesupports�tesmaybejo�nt�nnatureormaybecollocatedw�thothercomponentsupportelements.

LandForcesSupportConcept:ALP-4.2 ALP-4.2prov�desacommonNATOLandForcesLog�st�cDoctr�ne,wh�chgu�des NATO and nat�onal commanders and staff of the land component �nopt�m�s�ng the use of ava�lable log�st�c resources �n mult�nat�onal operat�ons.M�l�tary operat�ons are conducted at three levels: strateg�c, operat�onal andtact�cal.Log�st�cs,asoneofthecombatfunct�onsthathelpscommandersbu�ldandsusta�ncombatpower,�samajoroperat�ngsystematthesethreelevelsofwarfare.Strateg�candoperat�onallevellog�st�csarefocusedonthesupportofwars,campa�gnsandmajoroperat�ons,whereastact�callog�st�cs�sconcernedmorew�ththesupportofbattlesandoperat�onsatthelandcomponentlevelandbelow.

- Strateg�c level log�st�csdealsw�thmob�l�sat�on,nat�onalacqu�s�t�on,forceproject�on,strateg�cmob�l�tyandthestrateg�cconcentrat�onoflog�st�cassets�naJo�ntOperat�onsArea(JOA).Strateg�clevellog�st�cs�nterconnectsw�thoperat�onal level log�st�csat jo�ntforcelevel.Th�sconnect�on�samajorareaof�nterestforlog�st�ccommandandcontrol�nordertoensuretheeffect�velog�st�csupportofdeployedforces.

- Operat�onal level log�st�cs focuses on establ�sh�ng and ma�nta�n�ngLOCandsusta�n�ngaforce�naJOA,cons�stentw�ththecommander’spr�or�t�es. Italsocreatesthecond�t�onsforconvert�ngstrateg�c levelgu�dance�ntosuccessatthetact�callevelandthereforeprov�desthel�nkagebetweenstrateg�candtact�callevellog�st�cs.Operat�onallevellog�st�cs encompasses the support of force recept�on, stag�ng andonwardmovementofun�tsandpersonnel,�nfrastructuredevelopment,d�str�but�on and the management of JOA reserves, contract�ng,prov�s�onofsuppl�esandserv�cesandmovementcontrol.

- Tact�cal level log�st�cs susta�ns the tact�cal commander’s ab�l�ty toexecutethem�ss�onbyprov�d�ngthetact�calsupport.Atth�slevel,theessent�al funct�ons of supply, transportat�on, ma�ntenance, med�caland health serv�ce support and personnel, adm�n�strat�ve and fieldserv�ces are prov�ded to sold�ers to allow them to accompl�sh the�rspec�ficm�ss�on.Successfultact�callevellog�st�csprov�desun�tsw�thther�ghtsupportatther�ghtt�meand�nther�ghtplace.

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Thelandcomponentsupportconcept�sdes�gnedtoensurethesupportof e�ther nat�onal or mult�nat�onal forces, tak�ng the�r d�fferent structures andmult�nat�onal compos�t�on �nto account. The Comb�ned Jo�nt Force LandComponentCommander(CJFLCC)establ�shesrequ�rementsandsetspr�or�t�esforsupportofforces�naccordancew�ththeoveralld�rect�ong�venbytheJFC.Heco-ord�nateslog�st�coperat�onsw�thallpart�c�pat�ngnat�ons,andjo�nt/JOAlevellog�st�cstructures.Forth�s,forNRFoperat�onsaJLSG,forCJTFoperat�onsaMJLCmaybeestabl�shed.TheCJFLCCw�llexerc�secoord�nat�ngauthor�tyonmovementandsecur�tymattersoverthoseNat�onalSupportElements(NSEs)operat�ng�nh�sAreaofOperat�ons(AOO).Wh�lemovementcontrol�spr�mar�lythe respons�b�l�tyof theHostNat�on, th�sm�ghtbedelegated to theCJFLCC,espec�ally�ntheforwardpartofCJFLCCAOR,�nthecaseofanactualfull-scalem�l�taryoperat�on.

AirForcesSupportConcept:ALP-4.3 ALP-4.3 deta�ls the concept of a�r component log�st�c support, wh�ch�ncludes all part�c�pat�ng, land-based fly�ng and Ground Based A�r Defence(GBAD)un�tsandthe�rsupportelements,aswellasded�catedcommun�cat�onsun�tsanddeployableA�rCommandandControlSystems(ACCS).Thepr�nc�plesoftheconceptfora�rcomponent log�st�csupportarealsoappl�cabletoNATOA�rborneEarlyWarn�ng(NAEW),A�r-to-A�rrefuell�ng(AAR)andA�rTransport(AT)forces,aswellasa�rassetsofothercomponents.

Theconceptfora�rcomponentlog�st�csupport�sbasedonthepreceptthat send�ng nat�ons w�ll deploy the�r a�r forces w�th suffic�ent �nd�genoussupport to �n�t�ateoperat�onsandestabl�sh resupplyarrangements tosusta�nthem. The level of deployed support takes account of ava�lable HNS, mutualsupportprov�dedbyLeadNat�ons(LN)andRoleSpec�al�stNat�ons(RSN),andco-operat�velog�st�carrangements,e.g.Mult�nat�onalIntegratedLog�st�csUn�ts(MILU),whereappropr�ate.

LOGISTICSUPPORTTOCRISISRESPONSEOPERATIONS For all mult�nat�onal operat�ons, there �s a requ�rement to co-ord�natethedeploymentofnat�onal forces �nvolved �ntoanAreaofOperat�on.Th�sco-ord�nat�on �s carr�ed out by the AMCC, �n close contact w�th all part�c�pat�ngnat�ons. Nat�ons are respons�ble for plann�ng and execut�ng the deploymentof the�r nat�onal contr�but�ons to NATO operat�ons. Bes�des co-ord�nat�ng themult�nat�onal flow of forces, the AMCC �s respons�ble for the preparat�on andplann�ngforthedeploymentofallNATOownedequ�pmentandNATOHQ.Thesetransport m�ss�ons are e�ther handled by nat�onal contr�but�ons us�ng nat�onaltransportat�on assets or c�v�l�an a�rcraft are chartered from the commerc�almarket.

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REFERENCESCM(2007)0004

MC526 Log�st�cSupportforNATOResponseForce(NRF)Operat�ons

AJP4(A) All�edJo�ntLog�st�cDoctr�ne

AJP-4.6 Mult�nat�onalJo�ntLog�st�cCentre

AJP-4.9 ModesofMult�nat�onalLog�st�cSupport

ALP-4.1 Mult�nat�onalMar�t�meLog�st�cDoctr�ne

ALP-4.2 LandForcesLog�st�cDoctr�ne

ALP-4.3 A�rForcesDoctr�ne&Procedures,A�rLog�st�cs


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ANNEXAtoChapter7


AAR A�r-to-A�rrefuell�ng

ACCS A�rCommandandControlSystems


ACSP A�rcraftCross-Serv�c�ngProgramme

ADP AutomatedDataProcess�ng

ALSSs AdvancedLog�st�cSupportS�tes

AMCC All�edMovementCoord�nat�onCentre

AOO AreaofOperat�ons

AOR AreaofRespons�b�l�ty

AT A�rTransport

BOA Bas�cOrder�ngArrangements

CBRN Chem�cal,B�olog�al,Rad�olog�calandNuclear


CIS Commun�cat�onandInformat�onSystem

CJFLCC Comb�nedJo�ntForceLandComponentCommander

CJSOR Jo�ntStatementofRequ�rements

CLS ContractorLog�st�cSupport


CS/CSS CombatSupport/CombatServ�ceSupport


DJTF DeployableJo�ntTaskForce

FLSs ForwardLog�st�cS�tes

GBAD GroundBasedA�rDefence

HQ Headquarters

JFC Jo�ntForceCommand

JLSG Jo�ntLog�st�cSupportGroup

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JOA Jo�ntOperat�onsArea

LN LeadNat�ons

LOC L�nesofCommun�cat�on

MILU Mult�nat�onalIntegratedLog�st�csUn�ts,


MNLC(M) Mult�nat�onalLog�st�csCommand(Mar�t�me)

MNMF Mult�nat�onalMar�t�meForce


NAEW NATOA�rborneEarlyWarn�ng



NC3A CommandandControlAgency


NSEs Nat�onalSupportElements

NTM Not�cetoMove

RFPs RequestsforProposals

RIFB ReadyInv�tat�onsforB�d

RSN RoleSpec�al�stNat�ons

SOFA StatusofForcesAgreement

TACO TheatreAll�edContract�ngOffice

TCN TroopContr�but�ngNat�on

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CHAPTER 8HOSTNATIONSUPPORT(HNS)

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CHAPTER 8HOSTNATIONSUPPORT(HNS)

“There is nothing so common as to find consideration of supply affecting the strategic lines of a campaign and a war.”

- Karl von Clausewitz, On War, 1832 -

INTRODUCTION Nat�onsandNATOauthor�t�eshaveacollect�verespons�b�l�tytosupportNATOoperat�onsandmustco-operat�velyarrangeadequateHostNat�onSupport(HNS)tothecompleterangeofNATOoperat�onsandexerc�sesdur�ngpeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ctand �ncludeArt�cle5,Collect�veDefence,andnonArt�cle5Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons(CROs).Th�sstrategy�sworkableonly�fHostNat�onsmakethesupportava�lable.TheStrateg�cCommands(SCs)arerespons�bletoensure that theHNSagreements fulfilNATOoperat�onal requ�rementsw�thoutreduc�ngthecombatpotent�aloftheHN.

The poss�b�l�ty of deployments of a rap�d m�l�tary response beyondNATO terr�toryhas s�gn�ficant �mpl�cat�ons forNATOHNSpol�cyandplann�ngprocedures. Inpart�cular, �t �snecessarytoadoptmorerap�dandflex�bleHNSplann�ngmechan�smstoensurethatHNSarrangementscanbeput�ntoplaceasearlyasposs�blesothattherequ�redsupportcanbeassuredtothemax�mumextentposs�ble,cons�stentw�thma�nta�n�ngorenhanc�ngm�l�taryeffect�veness.

Toach�eveth�s,NATOCommandersmustbe�nvolved�nsupportplann�ngandbeg�ventheauthor�tytoco-ord�nateplann�ngwherenecessary.TheSNLCproduced MC319/2 that confersupon theNATOCommander keyauthor�t�esforlog�st�cs,�nclud�ngHNS.TheNATOCommander’sauthor�t�esw�threspecttoHNSarefurtherdefined�nMC334/2.

DEFINITION HNS�sc�v�landm�l�taryass�stancerendered�npeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ctbyaHostNat�ontoall�edforcesandorgan�sat�onswh�charelocatedon,operat�ng�nortrans�t�ngthroughtheHN’sterr�tory.

NATOCONCEPTFORHNS HNS seeks to prov�de the NATO Commander and the Send�ng Nat�on(SN)w�thsupport �ntheformofmater�el, fac�l�t�esandserv�ces, �nclud�ngareasecur�tyandadm�n�strat�vesupport�naccordancew�thnegot�atedarrangementsbetweentheSNand/orNATOandtheHNgovernment.Assuch,HNSfac�l�tatesthe �ntroduct�on of forces �nto an area of operat�ons by prov�d�ng essent�alrecept�on, stag�ng and onward movement support. HNS may also reduce theamountoflog�st�cforcesandmater�elotherw�serequ�redbySNtosusta�nandredeployforces.

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Thegoal�stouseNATOHNSarrangementstothegreatestextentposs�bleto fac�l�tate the negot�at�on and adm�n�strat�on tasks of the HN by creat�ng astandardprocessandstandarddocumentsthatcanbeusedbyallpart�es.Toth�send, theSCshave �mplementedaprogrammetonegot�atestand�ngHNSMemorandumofUnderstand�ng(MOU)w�thNATOandPfPNat�ons,aswellasnonNATONat�ons,�nreg�onswhereNATOdeploymentsmayoccur.Th�sdoesnotprecludeb�lateralarrangementsbetweenpart�es.

LEGALASPECTSOFHNSARRANGEMENTS Arrangements and agreements concluded between the appropr�atenat�onalauthor�t�esandNATOformthebas�sofsupportforHNSarrangements.AStatusofForcesAgreement(SOFA),negot�atedattheh�ghestlevelbetweenSNand/orNATOandtheHNauthor�t�es,governsthestatusofforcesanddeterm�nesthe�rrelat�onsh�pw�ththeHN.Itmayconta�ngeneralprov�s�onsregard�ngsupportfromtheHN.Therefore,where�tex�sts,theSOFAmayhavean�mpactonHNSandshouldbetaken�ntoaccount�nthedevelopmentofHNSarrangements.

WhereaSOFAw�thaHNdoesnotex�st,onemustbeconcludedw�ththeutmostpr�or�ty.Th�smaynotbeposs�ble�nregardtomanynat�ons.Inthesecases,aTrans�tAgreementw�llbeconcludedbetweenNATOHQand theHNto author�se the trans�t of all�ed forces and goods through the HN’s terr�tory.TheTrans�tAgreementw�ll �ncludesomeprov�s�onsthatmakereferencetothesupportneededfromtheHNand�nsomecasesmayperm�tthedevelopmentofHNSTechn�calArrangementsw�thoutdevelopmentofanMOU.

An MOU �s an �nstrument to record �n a less formal manner spec�ficunderstand�ngsandobl�gat�onsand�sanexpress�onoftheconcurr�ngw�ll�ngnessofthepart�espart�c�pat�ng�nandsubscr�b�ngto�t.W�th�nthecontextofHNS,theMOU�sawr�ttenoverarch�ngb�lateralormult�lateralagreeddocument,wh�ch�mpl�esan �ntentor respons�b�l�ty tosupportall�ed forcesandorgan�sat�ons. Itprov�desthemutuallyagreedm�l�tary-pol�t�cal-legalbas�sforthedevelopmentoffurther �mplement�ngdocumentsw�th�ntheagreedprov�s�onsembod�ed �ntheMOU.

HNSPRINCIPLES1

Therequ�redmob�l�ty,flex�b�l�tyandmult�nat�onal�tyofNATOforcesh�ghl�ghttheneedforcommonlyagreedpr�nc�plesofHNSandfortheNATOCommandertoprov�dethestructurenecessarytofac�l�tatethedevelopmentofHNSarrangements.Moreover,the�ncreas�ngrequ�rementtotakeadvantageofeconom�esofscaleandtomorerap�dlyandeffect�vely �mplementrespons�vesupportconceptsd�ctatesthatHNSbecons�deredasan�ntegralpartofthelog�st�cplann�ngprocessandshouldthereforebeaddressed�nallsupportplans.

Inordertoreal�secons�stentandeffect�veHNSplann�ngandexecut�on,thefollow�ngpr�nc�plesw�llapply:

- Responsibility. Nat�ons and NATO author�t�es have a collect�verespons�b�l�ty forHNSacrossthespectrumofNATO-ledoperat�ons.

1) C-M(2000)56-REV1 (also MC 334/2)

—117—

Th�s respons�b�l�ty encourages nat�ons and NATO to co-operat�velyplanforandsharetheprov�s�onofHNStosupporttheforceeffect�velyandeffic�entlyw�theachnat�onbear�ngtheult�materespons�b�l�tyforensur�ngtheprov�s�onofsupportfor�tsforces.

- Provision. Nat�ons �nd�v�dually, by co-operat�ve arrangements orcollect�velyw�thNATOmustensuretheprov�s�onofadequateresourcestosupportthe�rforcesdur�ngpeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ct.Whenava�lable,HNS�safundamentalsupplementtosupportfordeployedforcesandoncetheMOU�sconcluded,w�llbeprov�dedbytheHNtothegreatestextentposs�bleonthebas�sofnat�onalleg�slat�on,nat�onalpr�or�t�esandtheactualcapab�l�t�esoftheHN.

- Authority. The NATO Commander has the author�ty to establ�shrequ�rementsforHNS,topr�or�t�setheprov�s�onofHNStoass�gnedforcesandto�n�t�atetheHNSplann�ngprocess,�nclud�ngnegot�at�ons.WhendelegatedbytheSC,theCommanderalsohastheauthor�tytoconcludeHNSarrangementsforNATOmult�nat�onalheadquartersandothercommon-fundedent�t�es.Theseauthor�t�esalsoapply tonon-NATOCommandersofamult�nat�onal forcepart�c�pat�ng �naNATOledoperat�on.

- Co-ordinationandCo-operation.ForHNSplann�ngandexecut�on,the co ord�nat�on and co operat�on between NATO and nat�onalauthor�t�es �s essent�al for reasons of operat�onal effect�veness,effic�encyandtheavo�danceofcompet�t�onforresources.Itmustbecarr�edoutatappropr�atelevelsandmay�ncludenonNATOnat�onsandotherrelevantorgan�sat�ons,asrequ�red.

- Economy. Plann�ng and execut�on of HNS must reflect the mosteffect�ve and econom�c use of resources ava�lable to fulfil therequ�rement.

- Visibility. Informat�on concern�ng HNS arrangements �n support ofall�edforcesandorgan�sat�onsshouldbeava�labletotheappropr�ateNATOCommanderandtotheSend�ngNat�on.

- Reimbursement.TheHostNat�onshouldnotder�veprofit fromtheoffic�alact�v�t�esofNATOHQorforcesconduct�ngorpart�c�pat�ng�noperat�ons,exerc�sesconferencesors�m�lareventsonthe�rterr�tory.Re�mbursementforHNSw�llbeagreedbetweentheHostNat�onandtheSend�ngNat�onand/ortheNATOCommander,asappropr�ate.

HNSPLANNING HNS plann�ng �s an �ntegral part of log�st�c plann�ng, but as a keycomponent of operat�onal plann�ng, �t requ�res mult�d�sc�pl�nary part�c�pat�onof all the plann�ng staff. The Host Nat�on, the Send�ng Nat�on and the NATOCommander are respons�ble for HNS plann�ng and development, wh�le theconclus�onoftheHNSMOU�stherespons�b�l�tyoftheHostNat�onandtheNATOCommander.TheNATOCommandershouldalsobemadeawareofothernon-

—118—

NATOHNSarrangementsthatare�nsupportoformay�mpactontheconductofNATO-ledoperat�ons.

HNSplann�ngw�llbeasdeta�ledasposs�bletoenabletheHNtoevaluateand adequately respond to requ�rements. However, the var�ety of deploymentopt�onsmayalso requ�re thatacont�ngencyapproachbe taken towardsHNSplann�ng.Intermsofeffic�ency,NATOcoord�natedHNSarrangementsshouldbepursuedwhereappropr�ate.Asfarasposs�ble,Stand�ngHNSMOUsupport�ngabroadrangeofpotent�aloperat�onsshouldbeconcluded.Ine�thercase,HNSarrangements shouldbeconcludedat theearl�est opportun�ty �n theplann�ngprocess.

TheNATOCommander’slog�st�cstaff�srespons�bleforthedevelopmentof HNS arrangements. Because of the �nter-relat�onsh�ps between HNS, C�v�lM�l�taryCooperat�on(CIMIC),contract�ngandotherfunct�ons,andbecauseofthelegalandfinanc�al�mpl�cat�onsofHNSarrangements,closeco-ord�nat�onw�llhavetobema�nta�nedw�thallrelevantstafffromtheoutset.

Dur�ngHNSplann�ng,NATOCommandermustensureclosecoord�nat�onbetweentheSN,oncetheyare�dent�fied,andtheHN.Th�scoord�nat�onw�llbe�naccordancew�thestabl�sheddoctr�neandprocedures.Theproceduresshouldbestandard�sedtotheextentposs�bletoensureaneffect�veandflex�bleresponsetoanyoperat�onalneed.Theseshouldbekeptunderrev�ewto�ncorporatelessons�dent�fiedfromfutureexerc�sesandoperat�ons.

The NATO Commander should be �nv�ted to part�c�pate �n follow-onb�lateralHNSnegot�at�onsbetweentheSend�ngNat�onandtheHostNat�on�nordertopromotecooperat�onandass�stwherenecessary.Nat�onsandtheNATOCommander should ensure that adequate gu�dance �s prov�ded to non-NATOnat�onswhendevelop�ngHNSarrangements.

Theact�v�t�es�nvolved�nastagedplann�ngprocessarefound�nAJP-4.5,wh�chdeta�lsth�s plann�ng framework. Anoverv�ew of the key aspectsofeachstageandwhere theyfit �n the log�st�c/operat�onalplann�ng process �s outl�nedbelow. NATO Commandersand nat�ons �dent�fied aspotent�alHN(s)areencouragedtoembarkonStages1,2and3attheearl�estopportun�ty �nordertodevelopusefulgener�cHNSarrangements�nread�nessforfutureoperat�ons/exerc�sesand/or common operat�onalp�cture(s).

HNSRequestandMemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)

ConceptofRequirements(COR)

TechnicalArrangements(TA)

StatementofRequirements(SOR)

JointImplementationArrangement(JIA)

Figure8-1.5StageHNSPlanningProcess

Politicallevel

Operationallevel

Operationallevel

Tacticallevel

Tacticallevel

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- Stage1. As a product of m�ss�on analys�s, the NATO Commanderfirst�dent�fiestherequ�rementforHNS�nverybroadtermstosupportplansbe�ngdrafted,tak�ng�ntocons�derat�ontheHNSrequ�rementsoftheSend�ngNat�on(s)wherethesecanbe�dent�fied.Generally,anHNS MOU �s developed w�th each Host Nat�on. If a Stand�ng HNSMOUex�sts,�t �sappl�cabletoallNATOoperat�onsorexerc�sesanddoesnotrequ�reanymod�ficat�ons.

- Stage2.AConceptofRequ�rements(COR)�scalledforandsubm�ttedtotheHNbytheNATOCommanderandSN(s),respect�vely,whomayundertakeprel�m�naryreconna�ssanceaheadofsubm�tt�ngthe�rCOR(s).

- Stage 3. The Techn�cal Arrangement (TA) �s final�sed w�th�n the Jo�ntHNSSteer�ngComm�ttee (JHNSSC),wh�ch �s convenedby theNATOCommanderandtheHostNat�onw�ththepart�c�pat�onofSN(s),toaddresscommonrequ�rementsandproceduresfortheprov�s�onofHNS.

- Stage4.TheStatementsofRequ�rementsSOR(s)aredevelopedonthebas�softheresultsofs�tesurveyscoord�natedbytheJHNSSC,�n conjunct�on w�th the Host Nat�on. Follow�ng cons�derat�on of theSOR(s),theHostNat�onconfirms�tsab�l�tytoprov�detherequestedHNSand �dent�fiesanyshortfalls.Onces�gned, theyareexecutabledocuments, wh�ch obl�gate the s�gnator�es and sat�sfy the spec�ficrequ�rementsoftheSend�ngNat�on(s).

- Stage5.TheJo�ntImplementat�onArrangements(JIA(s))representthefinalstagewhenmoredeta�l �srequ�redtoeffect�vely �mplementtheHNSplanafterconfirmat�onbytheHostNat�on.

HNSPOLICIES Thepol�c�essetout�nth�sdocumentdefinetherespons�b�l�t�esofNATOCommanders,theSend�ngNat�onsandtheHostNat�on.

PoliciesSpecifictotheNATOCommander TheNATOCommandershallnegot�ateandconcludeHNSarrangementsfor NATO mult�nat�onal headquarters and, when author�sed, for des�gnatedmult�nat�onalun�tsandselectedtheatre-levelsupport.TheSend�ngNat�onsareencouragedtotakeadvantageofthesearrangementsbyacced�ngtotheHNSMOU.

Foreachoperat�onalplanforwh�chHNS�srequ�red,theNATOCommandershallestabl�shaprocesstofac�l�tatenegot�at�onsbetweentheHostNat�onandtheSend�ngNat�onand/orsubord�nateNATOCommanders�naccordancew�thNATO’sHNSdoctr�neandprocedures.

TheNATOCommandershall �dent�fyHNSrequ�rementsandhas toco-ord�nateandpr�or�t�seHNSrequ�rementsandtheprov�s�onofHNS�nconsultat�onw�thnat�ons.

—120—

TheNATO Commander shall prov�de theHostNat�onand theSend�ngNat�on(s)w�ththenecessarydeta�ls,�nclud�ngpo�ntsofcontact,forproperHNSplann�ngandexecut�on.

TheNATOCommander �sauthor�sedtorequestreportsonHNSassetsdes�gnated and agreed by the Host Nat�on to support the forces under the�rcommand.Conversely,theNATOCommander�srequ�redto�nformtheSend�ngNat�onontheava�lab�l�tyofHNSassets.

IfNATOcommonfund�ngorappropr�ateexerc�sefund�ng�sapproved,theNATOCommander�nconjunct�onw�ththeHostNat�onandpr�ortotherece�ptofHNS,w�lldeta�lthefund�ngarrangementstobeappl�edforthepaymentofHNSforthemult�nat�onalheadquarters,des�gnatedmult�nat�onalun�tsandselectedtheatre-levelsupport.

PoliciesSpecifictotheSendingNation The Send�ng Nat�on(s) �s encouraged to accede to the HNS MOUconcluded by the SCs and the Host Nat�on. Any outstand�ng concerns couldthenbeaddressedaspartoftheaccess�onprocess.TheSend�ngNat�onmaychoosetonegot�atethe�rownb�lateralMOUw�ththeHostNat�on.

The Send�ng Nat�on shall part�c�pate �n the plann�ng and execut�onprocesses�nordertoconducteffect�veHNS.

TheSend�ngNat�onshallnot�fy�tsHNSrequ�rementsandanys�gn�ficantchangesastheyoccurtotheHostNat�onandtheNATOCommanderasearlyasposs�ble.

The Send�ng Nat�on shall report the status of HNS negot�at�ons to theappropr�ateNATOCommander.

Ult�matelyandpr�ortotherece�ptofHNS,theSend�ngNat�on�srespons�bletomakethenecessaryarrangementsforre�mbursement.

PoliciesSpecifictotheHostNation TheHostNat�onshalladv�seSNandappropr�ateNATOCommanderof�ts capab�l�ty to prov�de HNS aga�nst spec�fic requ�rements and of s�gn�ficantchanges�ncapab�l�tyastheyoccur.Furthermore,theHostNat�on�sencouragedto �dent�fy other HNS capab�l�t�es �n order to assess the�r potent�al to prov�deadd�t�onalsupport.TheNATOCapab�l�tyCatalogueforHNSmayfac�l�tateth�s.

TheHostNat�onreta�nscontrolover�tsownHNSresources,unlesscontrolofsuchresources�sreleased.

TheHostNat�onshallpart�c�pate�ntheplann�ngandexecut�onprocesses�nordertoconducteffect�veHNS.

The Host Nat�on shall report the status of HNS negot�at�ons to theappropr�ateNATOCommander.

TheHostNat�onshalldeterm�nethecoststandardstobeappl�edforcostcalculat�onsforHNS.

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TheHostNat�onshouldensurethat,asfarasposs�ble,�tsb�lateralHNSarrangements and assoc�ated plans are harmon�sed w�th the requ�rements ofNATOoperat�onalplann�ng.

The Host Nat�on should ensure the requ�red co-operat�on and co-ord�nat�onbetween�tsc�v�l�anandm�l�tarysectors�nordertomakethebestuseofl�m�tedHNSresources.

CAPABILITYDATABASE In order to fac�l�tate NATO Commanders’ ab�l�ty to assess a HostNat�on’spotent�altoprov�desupport,theyareencouragedto�dent�fyotherHNScapab�l�t�es. The NATO Capab�l�ty Catalogue for HNS prov�des a template for�nformat�onrelatedtofac�l�t�es, �nfrastructureandresourcesthatmaybemadeava�lable to the NATO Commander �n support of h�s forces. The �nformat�onw�llserveforplann�ngpurposesonly.It�skept�nanelectron�cdatabasew�th�nLog�st�cFunct�onalAreaServ�ce.

LOCALCONTRACTING There �sad�st�nct�onbetweenHNSandcontract�ngas the latter �snotbasedonformal�sedagreementsthatconst�tutethebas�sofHNS.Contract�ng�sthecommerc�alacqu�s�t�onofmater�elandc�v�lserv�cesbytheSend�ngNat�onand/ortheNATOCommanderforthe�rforces�nsupportofNATO-ledoperat�ons.Contract�ngfromlocalresourcesshouldnot�nterferew�thHNSandshouldalwaystake�ntoaccounttheessent�alneedsofthelocalpopulat�on.Contract�ngshall,therefore,becoord�natedw�thorthroughtheHostNat�on,whereposs�ble.

Incaseswhere there �sno leg�t�mateHNgovernmentw�thwhom toco-ord�nate HNS, a Send�ng Nat�on and/or the NATO Commander, may contractd�rectlyw�thpr�vatesourcesw�th�ntheHostNat�on.Insuchcases,�t�sessent�althattheNATOCommanderestabl�shasystemtomon�tororcoord�natecontractstol�m�tcompet�t�onforscarceresourcesandestabl�shHNSpr�or�t�eswhenrequ�red.

CIVIL-MILITARYCO-OPERATION(CIMIC) HNS must not be confused w�th CIMIC. The purpose of CIMIC �s toestabl�shandma�nta�n fullco-operat�onbetweenNATOforcesand thec�v�l�anpopulat�on and �nst�tut�ons w�th�n a commander’s area of operat�ons �n orderto create the most advantageous c�v�l-m�l�tary cond�t�ons. Co-operat�on w�thc�v�l�anorgan�sat�ons�ntheframeworkofHNSshouldalwaysbemanaged�nfullconsultat�onw�thappropr�atem�l�taryandc�v�l�anauthor�t�esoftheHostNat�on.

—122—

REFERENCESMC319/2NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforLog�st�cs

MC334/2NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforHostNat�onSupport

MC411/1NATOM�l�taryPol�cyonC�v�l-M�l�taryCo-operat�on

AJP-4.5(A) All�edJo�ntHostNat�onSupportDoctr�neandProcedures


—123—

ANNEXAtoChapter8


CIMIC C�v�l-M�l�taryCooperat�on

COR ConceptofRequ�rements


HN HostNat�on

JHNSSC Jo�ntHNSSteer�ngComm�ttee

JIAs Jo�ntImplementat�onArrangements



SN Send�ngNat�on


SOR(s) StatementsofRequ�rements

TA Techn�calArrangement

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—125—

CHAPTER 9MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONSUPPORT

—126—

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CHAPTER 9MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONSUPPORT

“Logistics is the art of moving armies. It comprises the order and details of marches and camps, and of quartering

and supplying troops; in a word it is the execution of strategic and tactical enterprises.”

- Antoine Henri Jomini, Summary of the Art of War, 1838 -

INTRODUCTION MovementandTransportat�on (M&T)encompassesthewholespectrumof �nfrastructure, fac�l�t�es, a�rl�ft, surface transport, and seal�ft, command andcontrol,andequ�pment,wh�chd�rectlysupportthedeploymentandRecept�on,Stag�ngandOnwardMovement(RSOM)offorces.M&T�sthecornerstoneoftheAll�ance’soperat�onalconcept, requ�r�ng �nvestment �n resources, fac�l�t�esandequ�pment.Theneedforco-ord�nat�onofNATOM&Tplann�ng�saresultoftheAll�ance’snewstrategytosupportexped�t�onaryforces.Spec�fically:

- the mult�nat�onal character of NATO forces requ�res co ord�nat�onandcooperat�on,notcompet�t�on,formovementandtransportat�onresources;

- the flex�b�l�ty �nherent to the select�on of NATO forces and theuncerta�nt�esthatsurroundfuturedeploymentsplaceagreaterrel�anceonmovementandtransportat�onplann�ngbasedongener�candadhoc operat�onal plann�ng requ�rements. The greater rel�ance placeduponNATOforces’ab�l�tytodeployqu�ckly,thecloserco-ord�nat�on�srequ�redthroughouttheAll�ance;and

- the l�m�ted ava�lab�l�ty of transportat�on resources underl�nes thecont�nu�ng need for close co-ord�nat�on between the NATO M�l�taryAuthor�t�es (NMAs), NATO M&T-related comm�ttees and NATO c�v�lagenc�esforprov�d�ngsupporttoNATOm�l�taryoperat�ons.

MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONPRINCIPLES MC336/2,NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforMovementandTransportat�on,establ�shes the pr�nc�ples and pol�c�es for M&T. They are repr�nted �n theparagraphstofollow.

Collective Responsibility. NATO and nat�ons take collect�ve respons�b�l�tyfor movement and transportat�on support to NATO operat�ons. Spec�ficrespons�b�l�t�esaredescr�bedhereafter.

- NATORespons�b�l�ty.NATOCommandersarerespons�blefor�n�t�at�ng,pr�or�t�s�ng,coord�nat�nganddeconfl�ct�ngthedeployment(�nclud�ngRSOM),transportat�onforsusta�nment(resupply),andthe�rrespect�veforcesredeployment.Th�smustbedone�nco-operat�onw�thnat�ons.

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- Nat�ons’ Respons�b�l�ty. Nat�ons exerc�se pr�mary respons�b�l�ty forobta�n�ng transportat�on resources to deploy, susta�n and redeploythe�r forces.Th�srespons�b�l�tymay �ncludeplann�ngandcontroll�ngthemovementofnat�onalforces,nat�onalcomponentsofmult�nat�onalforces,and,whereanat�onacceptedleadnat�onrespons�b�l�ty,ofamult�nat�onal headquarters group. Th�s pr�nc�ple must be temperedbytheneedforcooperat�on,coord�nat�on,andeconomy,andmay�ncludeb�lateraland/ormult�lateralcooperat�vearrangements.

Co-operation. Co-operat�on between NATO and nat�onal author�t�es, bothm�l�taryandc�v�l�an,�sessent�al.Suchco-operat�oncanbeofab�-ormult�lateralnature.Th�s�ncorporatesbothcooperat�veandshareduseofl�ft.

Co-ordination.Movementandtransportat�onco-ord�nat�onbetweenNATOandnat�onal and c�v�l�an author�t�es �s essent�al and conducted at all appropr�atelevels.

Efficiency.Opt�m�sesm�l�taryandc�v�l�anresources’use.Take�ntocons�derat�onthe complementary and �ntermodal nature of a�rl�ft, seal�ft, and �nland surfacetransportresources.

Flexibility.M&Tplann�ngandexecut�onmustbecapableofreact�ng�nat�melymannertodynam�cchanges�ntheoperat�onals�tuat�onandrequ�rement.

Effectiveness.M&Tplann�ngandexecut�onmustbeta�loredtosat�sfyoverallNATOoperat�onalrequ�rements.

Simplicity.S�mpl�fyplansandproceduresasmuchasposs�ble.

Standardisation. Standard�sat�on fac�l�tates successful M&T. It appl�es asmuchtosystems,dataandsoftwareas �tdoestoprocedures,equ�pmentandhardware.

Transportability.Des�gnequ�pment,whenposs�ble,compat�blew�thava�labletransportresourcesforun�tsandformat�onsw�thamob�l�tyrole.

Visibility and Transparency. M&T data �nformat�on exchange between NATOandnat�onalm�l�taryandc�v�lauthor�t�es�sessent�alfortheeffic�entsupportofmovementandtransportat�ontasks.

MOVEMENTANDTRANSPORTATIONPOLICIES

GeneralPolicies

NATO and nat�onal m�l�tary and c�v�l author�t�es are respons�ble fordevelopmentofNATOforceM&Td�rect�ves,proceduresandorgan�sat�ons.

The execut�on of the nat�ons’ respons�b�l�ty to prov�de suffic�ent M&Tresourcescouldbehamperedbya requ�red l�ftassetshortage.Consequently,nat�ons should, where appropr�ate and poss�ble, make resources ava�lable toNATO for cooperat�veor shareduse. These shouldbe respons�ve toNATO’soperat�onalrequ�rementsandcoord�natedattheappropr�atelevel.

—129—

- CooperativeUse.Whennat�onsmake transportat�on resourcesorthe�rsurpluscapac�tyava�labletoothernat�ons,compensat�onand/orre�mbursementw�llbesubject toarrangementsbetween thepart�es�nvolved,�frequ�red.

- SharedUse. When nat�ons make transportat�on resources or the�rsurpluscapac�tyava�labletoNATO,theseresourcesareprov�dedfreeofchargeorunderre�mbursementarrangements.

Movementacross�nternat�onalbordersmustbesupportedbystandard�sedandharmon�sedarrangements.

NATOCommandersw�llrev�ewtheeffect�venessofm�l�taryarrangements,both NATO and nat�onal, �n support of the All�ance’s operat�onal M&Trequ�rements.

M&TPlanning M&Tplann�ng�sad�st�nctbut�ntegralpartoflog�st�cplann�ng,andmustbecons�stentw�thforceandoperat�onalplann�ng.

NATO and nat�onal m�l�tary author�t�es are respons�ble for operat�onalsupport plann�ng. M&T plann�ng for NATO operat�ons must comply w�th thepr�or�t�essetbytheNATOCommander.

M&Tplann�ngmustbeta�loredtotherespect�veforcesandthe�rrelatedemploymentopt�ons.

Nat�onalandNATOM&Tplann�ngmustbeharmon�sedasearlyasposs�bledur�ngtheOperat�onalPlann�ngProcess(OPP).

RSOM�s thephaseof thedeploymentprocesses that trans�t�onsun�ts,personnel,equ�pmentandmater�el fromarr�valatPortsofDebarkat�on(PODs)to the final dest�nat�on. The des�gnated Jo�nt Force Commander (JFC), �n co-ord�nat�onw�ththeHostNat�on(HN)andSend�ngNat�ons(SNs),mustdeveloptheRSOMplan�naccordancew�ththeMult�nat�onalDeta�ledDeploymentPlan(MNDDP).WhenHNauthor�t�esarenotableornotw�ll�ngtoprov�detherequ�redRSOMsupport,NATObearsrespons�b�l�tyforass�gn�nganexecut�veauthor�tyorrequest�ngaLeadNat�on(LN)toactasHNonbehalfofdeploy�ngNATOforces.

M&Tplann�ngmustcons�dertheuseofHostNat�onSupport(HNS)and/orlocalresources,part�cularlydur�ngtheRSOMstage.

NATO and nat�onal M&T plann�ng should cons�der the poss�b�l�ty ofprepos�t�on�ng of stocks, mater�al and equ�pment �n order to �mprove M&Treact�ont�me.

NATO c�v�l transportat�on experts are a valuable asset and prov�de�nformat�onandofferass�stancetoNATOm�l�taryplanners.Strateg�cCommands(SCs) should, as requ�red, seek the�r adv�ce and ass�stance �n all phases ofdeployment plann�ng (concept development, strateg�c plann�ng, movementplann�ngandexecut�onplann�ng)andexecut�on.

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NATO nat�ons and, where appropr�ate, non-NATO nat�ons w�ll use theAll�edDeploymentandMovementSystem(ADAMS)astheNATOplann�ngtooltofac�l�tatemult�nat�onaldeploymentplann�ngand�nformat�ontransfer.Nat�onsmay use ADAMS or some other system to do the�r �nternal, nat�onal-leveldeployment.

NATO and NMAs w�ll ensure that harmon�sed casualty evacuat�on �s�ncorporated�ntomovementplans.

M&Tplann�ngtosupportm�l�taryoperat�onsmustbecarr�edoutandcoord�natedonacomb�nedandjo�ntm�l�tary/c�v�lbas�sencompass�ngallmodesof transport. Avo�d separate M&T plann�ng for mar�t�me, land and a�r forcepackages.

PolicyonCivilSupporttotheMilitary C�v�lsupporttothem�l�taryw�llbeofcr�t�cal�mportance�nach�ev�ngthedes�redflex�b�l�ty�nsupportoftheAll�ance’sobject�ves.Them�l�taryw�ll,attheappropr�atelevel,requ�reM&Texpert�se,asrequ�red,toassessanddefinec�v�ltransportsupportcapab�l�ty,ava�lab�l�tyandfeas�b�l�ty.

NATOandnat�onsshouldmakearrangementsforcloseandwell-structuredcooperat�onbetweenm�l�taryandc�v�lauthor�t�es.

Nat�onsare�nv�tedtoensurethatnat�onalleg�slat�onorotherarrangementsprov�desuffic�entlyfortheacqu�s�t�onofM&TresourcesforArt�cle5operat�onsandnon-Art�cle5CRO.TheSCsw�llscrut�n�zeth�sprocessandw�llmon�torthedevelopmentofleg�slat�veandotherarrangementsmadebynat�onsaspartoftheAnnualDefenceRev�ew(ADR)processandtheSen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee (SCEPC), through the Transport Plann�ng Boards and Comm�ttees(PB&Cs),w�llmon�torandadv�senat�onsontheadequacyofleg�slat�onorothernat�onalmeasures,asappropr�ate,tosupportNATOM&Tcapab�l�t�es.

PolicyonMilitarySupporttoCivilOperations M�l�tary support to c�v�l operat�ons w�ll be conducted us�ng the samepr�nc�plesandpol�c�esasdescr�bedabove.

PolicyonResourceAcquisition Nat�onsarerespons�bletoprov�detransportat�onresourcestomovethe�rown forcesandmater�el.Nat�onaloperat�onalsupportplann�ngshould �nvolveappropr�atenat�onalc�v�l,aswellasm�l�tarytransportauthor�t�es,�ntheacqu�s�t�onprocess,wh�chshouldextendasappropr�atetobothnat�onalandnon-nat�onalsources.Nat�onsshouldcons�der:

- enter�ng �nto b�- or mult�lateral agreements w�th other nat�onsconcern�ngM&Tresourceprov�s�on;

- mak�ng appropr�ate arrangements to ga�n access to c�v�l transportresourcesbyus�ngnormalcommerc�alpract�cestothemax�mumextent,�nclud�ngposs�bleuseofbothnon-NATOnat�ons’transportat�onresourcesandcontractualarrangementsoperat�veunderspec�ficcond�t�ons;

—131—

- apply�ngtotheappropr�ateSCforaccesstotransportat�onresourcesor surplus capac�ty made ava�lable by nat�ons for co operat�ve orshareduse;

- approach�ngthec�v�ltransportat�onmarket�nacoord�natedmanner,thusacqu�r�ngresources�naccordancew�thoperat�onalpr�or�t�esandm�n�m�s�ngnat�onalcompet�t�onforresources;

- mak�ngarrangementsforcontrolorred�rect�onofc�v�ltransportat�onresources, �f �t appears that the commerc�al market may be unableto meet requ�rements. These may be const�tut�onal, statutory orcontractualandmay�ncludeb�-ormult�-lateralarrangements;and

- report�ngtotheappropr�ateNATOauthor�t�esthosem�l�taryandc�v�ltransportat�on resources that may be ava�lable for co operat�ve orshareduse.

G�ven that c�v�l transportat�on resources normally operate �n marketcond�t�ons, NATO and nat�onal author�t�es w�ll cont�nue to dev�se collect�vearrangements, wh�ch ensure obta�n�ng qu�ckly and rel�ably su�table c�v�lresources.

NATO�srespons�bleforensur�ngtheprov�s�onoftransportat�onresourcesfor the movement of mult�nat�onal HQs and other common-funded elementssuch as NATO owned equ�pment. The nat�on us�ng a nat�on’s or an agency’stransportat�on resource �s respons�ble for re�mburs�ng that resource prov�d�ngnat�onoragency,�fsuchre�mbursement�srequ�red.

PolicyonCommand,ControlandCommunications M&Tresourcecommandandcontrolw�llrema�nw�ththeown�ngnat�ons,unlessnat�onsmakeotherarrangementsw�thNATOauthor�t�es.

NATOw�llprov�dem�ss�onass�gnmenttonat�onsthatw�llundertakeM&Toperat�onalcommandandcontrolanddeta�ledm�ss�ontask�ng.Tobev�able,thecommun�cat�onsandAutomatedDataProcess�ng(ADP)systemsmustprov�decommanders w�th t�mely �nformat�on concern�ng status of force deployment,ava�lab�l�tyoftransportat�onresourcesandstatusofthel�nesofcommun�cat�on.AsADAMS�sNATO’stoolformult�nat�onalM&Tplann�ng,nat�onsaretocont�nuetosupporttheuseofADAMSandcommun�cateM&Tdatav�ath�ssystem.

M&TTASKSANDRESPONSIBILITIES TheM&Tstructuremustbecapableofrespond�ngflex�blytoanat�onaldeclarat�onofwarandCr�s�sResponseOperat�onsandshouldmakebestuseofNATOandnat�onalorgan�sat�ons.Forthepurposeofeffic�encyands�mpl�c�ty,movement management �s always executed at the h�ghest pract�cal leveldescr�bedhereafter.

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NATOHeadquarters NATOHeadquartersprov�desthepol�t�calandm�l�tarygu�dancethroughconsultat�onw�thnat�onsforoverallM&Tmatters.TheInternat�onalStaff(IS)andthe Internat�onalM�l�taryStaff (IMS)ass�stdeploymentplann�ngandexecut�onbyprov�d�ngdoctr�nalandpol�cygu�danceandclar�ficat�ontosupporttheSCs�n the�rplann�ngprocesses for the trans�tofdeployed forces throughnat�onalterr�tor�es.

Thecoord�nat�ngauthor�tyforlog�st�cs,theSen�orNat�onalLog�st�c�ans’Conference(SNLC),�srespons�bletocoord�nateandharmon�sethedevelopmentand�mplementat�onoftheAll�ance’sM&Tpol�c�esandconcepts.TheMovementandTransportat�onGroup(M&TG)supportstheSNLCw�thregardtoM&Tpol�c�esandconcepts.

The SCEPC, through �ts Transport PB&Cs, supports the NMAs byadv�s�ngontheava�lab�l�tyanduseofc�v�ltransportat�onresourcesandrelated�nfrastructure �n support of NATO and NATO-led operat�ons, by ass�st�ng �nthe acqu�s�t�on of c�v�l resources, and by harmon�s�ng and standard�s�ng c�v�lproceduresrelat�ngtotransportfordefencepurposes.

StrategicCommands(SCs) The SCs are respons�ble for matters concern�ng �mplementat�on of M&Tpol�c�esanddoctr�neanddevelopmentofM&Tplansandoperat�onalprocedures.Under the author�ty of the SHAPE, the All�ed Movement Co-ord�nat�on Centre(AMCC) w�ll co ord�nate strateg�c movement, transportat�on for susta�nment (resupply)andredeploymentofNATOforces.Spec�fically,theSCsarerespons�bleto:

- developtheMNDDPbasedonnat�onalDDPs.TheMNDDPmustbedeveloped �n close co-ord�nat�on w�th the des�gnated Jo�nt ForceCommanderrespons�blefortheRSOMplanandtheauthor�s�ngHN;

- addressstrateg�cl�ftshortfalls�nco-operat�onw�ththenat�ons;

- adv�se and ass�st �n the development of b�lateral or mult�lateralagreementsandarrangements,�frequested;

- consult, when appropr�ate, w�th experts from the Transportat�onPB&CsandotherM&Tsources;

- pr�or�t�seandcoord�natethe�ntegrateduseofM&Tresourcesmadeava�lablebynat�onsforshareduse;

- coord�natew�th theJo�ntForceCommanderwhomustprov�de theStatementofRequ�rement (SOR) �nco-operat�onw�th theSCs.Th�scommander g�ves spec�fic operat�onal gu�dance by l�st�ng pr�or�t�es,PODs, final dest�nat�on and sets the Commander’s Requ�red Date(CRD);and

- co ord�nate w�th the Support�ng Commander, �f appo�nted, whoass�ststhedes�gnatedcommanderandensurestheun�mpededflowofre�nforc�ngforcesthroughh�sAreaofRespons�b�l�ty(AOR).

—133—

TheAlliedMovementCo-ordinationCentre(AMCC)prov�desNATO’spr�nc�palcapab�l�tytoplan,rev�ew,pr�or�t�se,deconfl�ctandcoord�natemovementssupport�ngdeployment,redeploymentandtransportat�onofsusta�nmentsuppl�estoNATOandnonNATOtroopcontr�but�ngnat�ons’forcesdur�ngexerc�sesandoperat�ons. TheAMCC’splann�ng focusesnormally at the strateg�c level, and�ts respons�b�l�t�es aremult�modal. Its respons�b�l�t�es �ncludedevelopment/co-ord�nat�onof thenat�onalDDPs towardsaMult�nat�onalDDP tosupport forcedeployment.Italsosupportssusta�nment,roulementandredeploymentofNATOforcesandequ�pmentforNATOoperat�ons.Th�s�ncludesdevelop�ngmult�modalsolut�onsforstrateg�cmovements,w�ththeass�stanceofNAMSAandthePB&Cswhere requ�red. It does not normally acqu�re transport assets for deploy�ngforces,although �tmaybecalledupontodoso �ncaseswhereNATOHQsorNATO-ownedassetsarebe�ngmoved,or�fass�stance�sspec�ficallysoughtbynat�ons.

The AMCC accompl�shes movement plann�ng as part of operat�onalplann�ng (Statements of Requ�rements, Concepts of Operat�on (CONOPs),analys�sofpotent�alL�nesofCommun�cat�on(LOCs)andPortsofDebarkat�on(PODs),andmon�torsexecut�on.It�salsorespons�bleformon�tor�ng,evaluat�ng,andadjust�ngactualmovementsonceanoperat�onstarts.AMCCworks�ncloseco-operat�on w�th other co ord�nat�on centres that prov�de support to NATO,suchastheEuropeanA�rl�ftCentre(EAC),theStrateg�cA�rL�ftCo-ord�nat�onCell(SALCC)andtheSeal�ftCo-ord�nat�onCentre(SCC),bothlocated�nE�ndhoven,Netherlands,andtheAthensMult�nat�onalSeal�ftCo-ord�nat�onCentre(AMSCC)�nGreece.

TheNationsSendingNations(SNs)arerespons�bleto:

- develop the nat�onal Deta�led Deployment Plan (DDP), �n ADAMSformat,basedontheAll�edD�spos�t�onL�st(ADL),wh�ch�ncludestheDes�gnatedNATOCommander’spr�or�t�es;

- control the movement of nat�onal forces and nat�onal componentsofmult�nat�onal forces, tak�ng �ntoaccount theNATOCommander’soperat�onalrequ�rements;

- determ�nemovementrequ�rementsandmakenecessarytransportat�onarrangementsand thenworkw�th theSCs to �dent�fyshortfallsandsurpluses�nnat�onalM&TresourcestomeettheAll�ance’smovementrequ�rements;

- respondtorequeststodevelop/executearrangementsforcooperat�veuseofl�ftw�thothernat�ons,�nordertomeetoverallNATOpr�or�t�es;

- controlandcoord�natec�v�landm�l�tary transportat�on resources �nsupportofnat�onaland,asrequ�red,all�edforces;and

- Prov�denat�onall�a�son/augmentat�ontotheAMCCand,asnecessary,totheHNNat�onalMovementCo-ord�nat�onCentre(NMCC).

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HostNations(HN)arerespons�bleto:

- controlandcoord�natemovementofforces,onthe�rownterr�tor�es,tak�ng�ntoaccountthedes�gnatedNATOCommander’spr�or�t�esandSNs’requ�rements;

- establ�sh a NMCC and appropr�ate execut�ve movement controlorgan�sat�onforM&Tco-ord�nat�on;

- control,supportandexecutethe�rport�onsoftheRSOMplan,wh�chhasbeenmade�ncloseco-ord�nat�onw�ththedes�gnatedJo�ntForceCommanderandSNs;

- �dent�fyfortheSCthestatusofM&Tresourcesand�nfrastructure�nsupportofanoperat�on;

- asrequ�red,makeand/or�mplementnecessaryarrangementsandcoord�natew�thne�ghbour�ngnat�onstofac�l�tatebordercross�ngs;

- controlandoperatenat�onalc�v�landm�l�tarytransportat�onresources(e.g. personnel, fac�l�t�es, equ�pment, �nfrastructure) for nat�onal andNATOsupport;and

- prov�del�a�son/augmentat�ontotheAMCC,asnecessary.

LeadNations(LNs)arerespons�bleto:

- conducte�therpart�allyortotallytheHNtasksandrespons�b�l�t�essetoutabove,whenact�ngasaHN;

- when act�ng as a SN for mult�nat�onal headquarters groups and/orun�tsw�thah�ghdegreeofmult�nat�onal�ty,fulfilalltherespect�veM&Ttaskssetoutabove;

- asrequ�red,takethelead�nperform�ngspec�ficM&Ttasksas�dent�fiedbyNATO�nco-operat�onw�ththenat�ons;and

- establ�sharrangements for compensat�onand/or re�mbursement forthoseLNfunct�onsw�thallpart�es�nvolved.

REFERENCESMC319/2NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforLog�st�cs

MC336/2NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforMovementandTransportat�on(M&T)

AJP-4(A) All�edJo�ntLog�st�cDoctr�ne,

AJP-4.4 All�edJo�ntMovementandTransportat�onDoctr�ne


—135—

ANNEXAtoChapter9


ADAMS All�edDeploymentandMovementSystem

ADL All�edD�spos�t�onL�st


ADR AnnualDefenceRev�ew

AMCC All�edMovementCo-ord�nat�onCentre

AMSCC AthensMult�nat�onalSeal�ftCo-ord�nat�onCentre


CRD Commander’sRequ�redDate


CONOPs ConceptsofOperat�on

DDP Deta�ledDeploymentPlan

EAC EuropeanA�rl�ftCentre

HN HostNat�on


HQs Headquarters



LN LeadNat�on

LOCs L�nesofCommun�cat�on

MNDDP Mult�-Nat�onalDeta�ledDeploymentPlan




NMCC Nat�onalMovementCo-ord�nat�onCentre



—136—



SALCC Strateg�cA�rL�ftCo-ord�nat�onCell


SCC Seal�ftCo-ord�nat�onCentre


SHAPE SupremeAll�edHeadquarters�nEurope

SNs Send�ngNat�ons

SNLC Sen�orNat�onalLog�st�c�ans’Conference

SOR StatementofRequ�rement

—137—

CHAPTER 10PETROLEUMSUPPORT

Deployable Fuel Handling Equipment for Expeditionary OperationsMain Bulk Fuel Installation at Kabul International Airport,

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)

Fuel Pump and Filter Installation

—138—

—139—

CHAPTER 10PETROLEUMSUPPORT

«Fuel is the life blood of modern armed forces. Without an adequate supply, nothing can happen.»

– Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, 1942 -

INTRODUCTION Fuel�sacommod�tythat�sessent�altoNATO’sdefenceplann�ngand�salso necessary for susta�n�ng soc�al and econom�c l�fe. The MC-473 D�rect�veprov�desgu�dance toNATOandnat�onalauthor�t�eson thepol�c�es,pr�nc�plesandcharacter�st�csoftheNATOPetroleumSupplyCha�n.Italsodescr�bestheNATOP�pel�neSystem (NPS), theplann�ngcr�ter�aand report�ng requ�rementsandaddressescr�s�smanagement,leg�slat�veandenv�ronmental�ssues.Further,�tdefinestherespons�b�l�t�esoftheNat�ons,theNATOP�pel�neComm�ttee1andNATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es.Thereareseveralcomm�ttees�nNATOassoc�atedw�thfuelssupportandfuelssupplyplann�ng,wh�chcanbegenerallygroupedasthoseconcernedw�th:

- c�v�lpreparednesstomeetfuelproblemsw�th�nNATO;

- bulkd�str�but�onandstorageoffuelsform�l�taryusebytheNPSandotherassoc�atedfac�l�t�es;

- exped�t�onaryoperat�ons;

- a�rbase,navalbaseandun�tsupport;

- m�l�tary fuels, o�ls, lubr�cants and assoc�ated products, and the�rrelat�onsh�pw�thweaponsystems,andalltypeofm�l�taryequ�pmentandveh�cles;

- petroleumplann�ng;and

- standard�sat�on, �nterchangeab�l�ty, �nteroperab�l�ty and research onfuels,o�lsandlubr�cantsandrelatedproducts,aswellasPetroleumHandl�ngEqu�pment(PHE).

CIVILPREPAREDNESS C�v�lpreparedness �n theareaof fuel �s the respons�b�l�tyof theAC/112NATOPipelineCommittee(NPC)follow�ngthedem�seofthePetroleumPlanningCommittee (PPC). The NPC has determ�ned the organ�sat�on and proceduresneeded to manage cr�s�s s�tuat�ons and l�a�ses w�th the International EnergyAgencyandw�ththeAC/98Sen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee’s(SCEPC)Plann�ng Board for Inland Surface Transport (PBIST) and Industr�al Plann�ngComm�ttee (IPC) on matters of common �nterest. A gu�de to the NATO bod�esconcernedw�ththeNPSandotherpetroleumbod�es�sprov�dedatAnnexA.

1) Authority is being sought to change the name of the NATO Pipeline Committee to the NATO Petroleum Committee to better reflect its role and responsibilities.

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BULKDISTRIBUTIONANDSTORAGEOFFUELSINTHENPS Althoughcollect�velyreferredtoasonesystem,theNPScons�stsofn�neseparate and d�st�nct m�l�tary storage and d�str�but�on systems: Italy, Greece,Turkey (two separate systems - west and east), Norway, Portugal, the Un�tedK�ngdom,theNorthEuropeanP�pel�neSystem(NEPS)located�nbothDenmarkandGermany,andthelargestsystem,theCentralEuropeP�pel�neSystem(CEPS)�nBelg�um,France,Germany,LuxembourgandtheNetherlands.TheNPS�ntotalcons�stsofsome14,500kmofp�pel�nerunn�ngthrough12NATOnat�onsw�th�tsassoc�ateddepots,connecteda�rbases,c�v�la�rports,pumpstat�ons,refiner�esandentrypo�nts.Bulkd�str�but�on�sach�evedus�ngfac�l�t�esprov�dedfromthecommon-funded NATO Secur�ty Investment Programme (NSIP). The networksarecontrolledbynat�onalorgan�sat�ons,w�ththeexcept�onoftheCEPSwh�ch�samult�nat�onalsystem.Fulldeta�lsoftheNPSareconta�ned�ntheCharteroftheOrgan�sat�onoftheNPSandAssoc�atedFuelFac�l�t�es,C-M(2001)92.

Inadd�t�ontotheaboveelementsoftheNPS,therearealsofuelsystems�n the Czech Republ�c, Hungary, Poland, Spa�n and the new member nat�ons(Bulgar�a, Eston�a, Latv�a, L�thuan�a, Roman�a, Slovak�a and Sloven�a). Wh�lethose�ntheCzechRepubl�c,HungaryandPolandarenat�onalsystems,NATOm�l�taryrequ�rementshavebeen�ncorporated�ntoapprovedCapab�l�tyPackages(CPs)andtherelatedprojectsarebe�ng�mplemented.As�m�larexerc�se�sbe�ngconductedw�th regard to theNATOm�l�tary requ�rements �n thenewmembernat�ons.TheSpan�shsystem�spurelynat�onal.

The opt�mum ut�l�sat�on of NATO petroleum fac�l�t�es �n peacet�me �s aprerequ�s�tefortheproperma�ntenanceoftheNPSandthenecessarytra�n�ngof �tsstaff.Nat�onsshouldusethefac�l�t�estothefullestextentpract�cableform�l�tarypurposesand,thereafter,putsparecapac�tytocommerc�aluseprov�d�ngthatdoesnotdetractfromthepr�macyofthem�l�taryuseofthesystem.Therearenorestr�ct�onsonthetypeofNATOfuelfac�l�t�esthatcanbeusedforcommerc�alpurposesprov�dedthem�n�mumsafeguardsarerespected.

EXPEDITIONARYOPERATIONS Exped�t�onaryoperat�onsrequ�reNATOforcestooperateawayfromthefixed �nfrastructureof theNPS.To reduce thedemandon strateg�c l�ft assetsto carry fuel �nto a theatre of operat�on, max�mum use should be made ofHostNat�onSupport(HNS)or�ncountryresources,asava�lable.W�thoutsuchresources,NATOandpart�c�pat�ngnat�onsshouldstr�vetosat�sfytheoperat�onalfuel requ�rement, ach�eve econom�es of scale and ensure the qual�ty of fuelprov�ded throughmult�nat�onalsolut�onssuchasLog�st�cLeadNat�onorRoleSpec�al�stNat�on,oraFuelsMult�nat�onalIntegratedLog�st�cUn�tasappropr�ate.Suchsolut�onsshouldadheretotheS�ngleFuelPol�cyandthemodularconceptdescr�bedbelow.

AIRBASE,NAVALBASEANDUNITSUPPORT Th�s �s a user nat�on respons�b�l�ty, although certa�n fac�l�t�es may beprov�dedundertheNSIPsuchasfuelstorageona�rbasesandconnect�onstotheNPS.

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MILITARYFUELSANDTHESINGLEFUELPOLICY Thecoord�nat�ngbodyform�l�taryfuels,o�ls, lubr�cantsandassoc�atedproducts�sAC/112NATOFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngGroup(NF&LWG),wh�ch�sconcernedw�ththemoredeta�ledtechn�calaspectsofm�l�taryfuels�nclud�ngtheS�ngleFuelPol�cy.Deta�lsofav�at�on,groundandnavalfuelsused�nNATOareprov�dedatAnnexB.

SingleFuelPolicy(SFP) Thea�moftheor�g�nalS�ngleFuelConcept(SFC)wastoach�evemax�mumequ�pment�nteroperab�l�tythroughtheuseofas�nglefuel,namelyF-34,onthebattlefield for land-based m�l�tary a�rcraft, veh�cles and equ�pment. S�nce �ts�ncept�onasaconcept �n1986, theadopt�onof theSFChasbeensupportedbyanumberofstud�esandtr�als�nMemberandPartnernat�ons.At�tsAutumnmeet�ng �n 2004, the NPC adopted the SFC as the NATO S�ngle Fuel Pol�cy.TheSFP�mplementat�onprocesscons�stsofthreestages.Thefirststage,nowcomplete,wasthereplacementofF-40w�thF-34forusebyland-basedm�l�tarya�rcraft.Thesecondstage �s thereplacementofd�esel fuel (F-54)w�thF-34 �nland-basedveh�clesandequ�pmentw�thcompress�on�gn�t�onorturb�neeng�nesdeployed on the battlefield. Th�s stage �s be�ng �mplemented �ndependentlyby each NATO and Partner nat�on �n accordance w�th the�r own equ�pmentreplacementprogrammes,asreflected�ncorrespond�ngForceandPartnersh�pGoals.Theth�rdstagecons�stsoftheel�m�nat�onofgasol�ne(F-67)fromm�l�taryuseonthebattlefieldtothepo�ntthattherequ�rementforgasol�ne�ssosmallthat�tcouldbesuppl�edthroughnat�onalorb�lateralagreements(�.e.bytheuseofjerrycans,drumsorcollaps�bletanks).Th�sstage�sst�llongo�ngbutcouldbe�mplementedbeforethesecondstage�scompleted.There�s,however,agrow�ngrequ�rement forF-67forUnmannedAer�alVeh�cles (UAV)andth�srequ�rement�s be�ng addressed by the NF&LWG and PHEWG w�th the appropr�ate UAVcomm�ttees.Thereadyandun�versalava�lab�l�tyofF-34toaworldw�dequal�tystandardhashelpedtopromotetheappl�cat�onoftheSFP.Thelog�st�cbenefitsofas�nglefuelarerelatedtoavar�etyoftechn�cal,operat�onal,econom�candenv�ronmental factors,butthemajoradvantage �sthes�mpl�ficat�onof thefuelsupplycha�nandthesupport�ngstat�cordeployable�nfrastructuredescr�bed�nMC473,theD�rect�vefortheNATOPetroleumSupplyCha�n.

Deta�lsofnat�on’s�mplementat�onoftheSFPandtheexper�encesga�ned�ntheprocessarepromulgatedb�enn�allybytheNF&LWG.

DEPLOYABLEFUELSHANDLINGEQUIPMENT(DFHE)–THEMODULARCONCEPT DFHE �s a gener�c term cover�ng all spec�al-purpose, mob�le m�l�taryequ�pment des�gned to enable the supply of fuel qu�ckly and effic�ently onoperat�ons. It encompasses Tact�cal Fuel Handl�ng Equ�pment (TFHE), Mob�leP�pel�neRepa�rEqu�pment (MPRE) and the read�lydeployable componentsofanyequ�pmentsystemthatare�ntendedtorece�veandd�spensefuel.Itexcludesallfixed�nfrastructure.

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In order to support the All�ance’s new m�ss�ons, the emphas�s hassh�ftedawayfromstat�cp�pel�ne�nfrastructuretotherap�dlydeployablesupportof NATO’s exped�t�onary forces. To th�s end, NATO has developed a modularconceptwherebyall fuel requ�rementscanbesat�sfiedthroughacomb�nat�onof13d�scretebutcompat�blemodulesofDFHEwh�chcan rece�ve,storeandd�str�butefuelw�th�nanytheatreofoperat�on.Theconcept,deta�led�nSTANAG4605/AFLP-7, also enables both NATO and Partner nat�ons to comb�ne the�rcapab�l�t�es to prov�de a mult�nat�onal solut�on to meet all fuel requ�rements.The modular concept forms the bas�s of the All�ed Fuels D�str�but�on Systemmodel wh�ch has been developed to ass�st w�th the fuels supply plann�ng forexped�t�onaryoperat�onsus�ngtheFuelConsumpt�onUn�tsdeta�led�nSTANAG2115todeterm�nerequ�rements.

PETROLEUMPLANNING Petroleumplann�ng�spr�mar�lytherespons�b�l�tyoftheNMAs,butsuchwork�soverseenbyAC/112WG/1wh�chreportson�tsact�v�t�es�nth�sareatotheNPC,asappropr�ate.

STANDARDISATION,INTERCHANGEABILITY,INTEROPERABILITYANDRESEARCH TheNPC�stheTask�ngAuthor�tyforsome50STANAGsandAll�edFuelsLog�st�c Publ�cat�ons (AFLPs) cover�ng fuels, lubr�cants, assoc�ated productsand petroleum handl�ng equ�pment. These STANAGs are l�sted �n the NATOStandard�sat�onAgreementsandAll�edPubl�cat�onsCatalogueava�lableontheNATOStandard�sat�onAgency’swebs�teandareallreleasabletoPartnernat�onsthatarealsoabletoattendallAC/112meet�ngs�nEAPCformat.

The Research and Technology Organ�sat�on (RTO) deals w�th var�ousaspectsoffuelthrough�tsAppl�edVeh�cleTechnology(AVT)Panel.

REFERENCESC-M(2001)92 CharteroftheOrgan�sat�onoftheNATO

P�pel�neSystemandAssoc�atedFuelFac�l�t�es

C-M(2003)30/MC-473 D�rect�vefortheNATOPetroleumSupplyCha�n

EAPC(NPC)D(2005)0002 TheS�ngleFuelPol�cy

EAPC(NPC-NFLWG)D(2005)0002 Implementat�onoftheNATOS�ngleFuelPol�cy

STANAG2536 All�edJo�ntPetroleumDoctr�ne–AJP-4.7

AC/112-D(2006)0007 NATOPetroleumCr�s�sManagementOrgan�sat�onandProcedures

MC526 Log�st�cSupportforNATOResponseForce(NRF)Operat�ons

—143—

ANNEXESA Gu�detotheNATObod�esconcernedw�ththeNPSandotherpetroleum

bod�es

B A�deMemo�reonfuelsw�th�nNATO

C Acronymsused�nth�schapter

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ANNEXAtoChapter10

—145—

ANNEXBtoChapter10

ANNEX BAIDEMEMOIREONFUELS2INNATO

AVIATIONFUELS

NATOCodeF-18 �sa low leadedav�at�ongasol�neforuse �na�rcraftw�thp�stoneng�nes.

Th�sfuel�sst�llusedbycerta�nnat�ons,mostly�na�rcraftmeantfortra�n�ngpurposes3.

F-34 �sakerosenetypeav�at�onturb�nefuelforuse�nlandbasedm�l�tarya�rcraftgas turb�ne eng�nes4. The fuel conta�ns a Fuel System Ic�ng Inh�b�tor5(S-1745)andaLubr�c�tyImprov�ngAdd�t�ve6(S-1747)

F-35 akerosenetypeav�at�onturb�nefuelforuse�nlandbasedm�l�tarya�rcraftgasturb�neeng�nes7.Th�sfuel�sequ�valenttoF-34butdoesnotconta�ntheadd�t�vesS-1745andS-1747.

F-37 �sequ�valenttoF-34butconta�nsathermalstab�l�tyadd�t�veS-174989.It �sonlyusedbycerta�nnat�onsand �snotallowedforcross-serv�c�ngw�th�nNATO.

F-40 �saw�decuttypeav�at�onturb�nefuelforuse�nlandbasedm�l�tarya�rcraftgasturb�neeng�nes10.Thefuelconta�nstheFuelSystemIc�ngInh�b�tor(S-1745)andtheLubr�c�tyImprov�ngAdd�t�ve(S-1747).Onlyafewnat�onsarest�llus�ngth�stypeoffuel,ma�nlyfortra�n�ngpurposes.It�salsol�stedw�th�nNATOasanemergencysubst�tuteforF-34/F-35.

F-44 �sakerosenetypeav�at�onturb�nefuel,h�ghflashpo�nttype,forusebysh�p borne m�l�tary a�rcraft gas turb�ne eng�ne11. The fuel conta�ns theadd�t�vesS-1745andS1747.

2) Further details about these fuels appear in Annex C to STANAG 1135.

3) Also known as AVGAS.

4) Also known as JP-8 or AVTUR/FSII.

5) F-1745 is an additive which reduces the freezing point of water precipitated from the fuel due to cooling at high altitudes and it prevents the formation of ice crystals which restrict the flow of fuel to the engine.

6) F-1747 enhances the lubricity properties of the aviation fuel.

7) Known commercially as Jet-A1 or AVTUR.

8) F-1749 is a thermal stability improver needed to inhibit deposit formation in the high temperature areas of the aircraft fuel system.

9) F-37 is also known as JP-8+100.

10) Also known as AVTAG.

11) Also known as JP-5 or AVCAT.

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GROUNDFUELSGasol�ne

F-67 unleadedgasol�neautomot�ve (m�n�mum95RON). It compl�esw�th theEuropean Standard EN 228 and �s therefore �nterchangeable w�th commerc�algasol�ne.

DieselFuelsF-54 �sam�l�tarydes�gnat�ong�ventocommerc�ald�eselfuelused�ncompress�on�gn�t�oneng�nes.Itcompl�esw�thEuropeanstandardEN590and�sequ�valenttos�m�larUSd�eselknownasDF-2andtherefore�nterchangeablew�thcommerc�ald�eselfuel.

F-63 �s a kerosene-type d�esel eng�ne fuel. It �s F-34 treated w�th 0.1% byvolumeofmult�-purposeadd�t�ve,S-1750wh�ch,�nthecontextoftheS�ngleFuelPol�cy, �susedtoenhancethelubr�c�tyand�gn�t�onperformanceofF-34whenrequ�red.

Th�s fuel �s �ntendedfor landequ�pmentonlyandmustnotbeusedfora�rcraft.

S-1750�sacomb�nedlubr�c�tyand�gn�t�on�mprov�ngadd�t�veforgroundfuels.

NAVALFUELSF-75 �sanavald�st�llatefuelw�thlowpourpo�ntandused�nh�ghandmed�umspeed compress�on �gn�t�on eng�nes, gas turb�nes, certa�n hel�copters (foremergencyuseonly)andsteamra�s�ngplant �nsh�ps.Somenat�onsareus�ngth�sfuel�ngroundequ�pmentoperatedbycompress�on�gn�t�oneng�nes

F-76 �s the pr�mary naval d�st�llate fuel used �n h�gh and med�um speedcompress�on �gn�t�oneng�nes,gas turb�nes,certa�nhel�copters (foremergencyuseonly)andsteamra�s�ngplant�nsh�ps.F-76mayrequ�respec�alhandl�ngandstorageduetolowtemperaturecharacter�st�cs.

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ANNEXCtoChapter10

ANNEX CACRONYMSUSEDINTHISCHAPTER

AFLPs All�edFuelsLog�st�cPubl�cat�ons

AVT Appl�edVeh�cleTechnology


CPs Capab�l�tyPackages



IPC Industr�alPlann�ngComm�ttee

MPRE Mob�leP�pel�neRepa�rEqu�pment

NEPS NorthEuropeanP�pel�neSystem







PHE PetroleumHandl�ngEqu�pment

PPC PetroleumPlann�ngComm�ttee

RTO ResearchandTechnologyOrgan�sat�on


SFC S�ngleFuelConcept

SFP S�ngleFuelPol�cy

STANAG Standard�sat�onAgreement

TFHE Tact�calFuelHandl�ngEqu�pment

UAV UnmannedAer�alVeh�cles

—148—

—149—

CHAPTER 11MEDICALSUPPORT

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CHAPTER 11MEDICALSUPPORT

“To the average military officer, the military surgeon is an unwillingly tolerated non combatant who clutters up the battlefield, causes transportation difficulties,

gives cathartic pills, and makes the water taste bad...[but]... Generals have rarely won wars.... They more often gain credit

for mopping up after the barrages of epidemics have taken their toll.”

- Hans Zinsser, 1935 -

INTRODUCTION MC 326/2 descr�bes the NATO pr�nc�ples and pol�c�es of operat�onalmed�calsupport.Th�sdocument�scomplementarytotheMC319/2and�sl�nkedtootherNATOpol�cydocuments�nanumberofareas.TheAJP4.10,the“All�edJo�nt Med�cal Support Doctr�ne” was approved as STANAG 2228 �n February2002and�scurrentlyunderrev�s�on.

Accord�ngtotheNATO1999Strateg�cConceptandthe“M�l�taryGu�dancefor the M�l�tary Implementat�on of All�ance Strategy “(MC 400/2), the ab�l�ty toproducemed�calsupportforwarfight�ng�sst�ll �mportantbutth�s�snolongertheonlyfocusduetothe�ncreas�ng�mportanceandbroadspectrumofNATOnon–Art�cle5Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons.Thecontext�nwh�chm�l�tarymed�calsupportmustbeprov�dedhasalsochangedduetorecentchanges�nsoc�ety,med�c�ne,m�l�taryandthreat.Themed�calserv�cesofeachnat�onmustbefullyprepared to operate �n a truly mult�nat�onal env�ronment. Health and med�calcareonoperat�onshave�ncreas�nglybecometherespons�b�l�tyoftheAll�ance’soperat�onalcommandersand,att�mes,themed�calfactorsmayevenbecomethecommander’sma�nconcernandal�m�t�ngfactoronoperat�onaldec�s�ons.

MISSIONOFTHEMEDICALSERVICE Aneffect�veandrel�ablem�l�tarymed�calsupportsystemmustcontr�bute“to preserve the fight�ng strength” but must also meet the �ncreas�ng publ�cexpectat�onofan�nd�v�dual’sr�ghttohealthandh�ghqual�tytreatmentoutcomes.By theprevent�onofd�seases, the rap�d treatmentof the �njured,woundedord�seased and the�r med�cal evacuat�on and eventual recovery and return toduty, the med�cal serv�ces make a major contr�but�on to force protect�on andsusta�nab�l�ty. But health �s not merely the absence of �njury or d�sease. Inan operat�onal context, health �s the ab�l�ty to carry out dut�es un�mpeded byphys�cal,psycholog�calorsoc�alproblems.Insuchaway,healthbecomesakeyforcemult�pl�eroffight�ngpower.

STANDARDSOFHEALTHCARE

CompliancewiththeLawsofWarandHumanitarianConventions Theconductofmed�calact�v�t�esw�llcomplyw�ththerulesla�ddownunderTheHagueandGenevaConvent�ons. Inanycase, thesepr�nc�plesdefine them�n�mumacceptablestandard.W�thoutd�scr�m�nat�on,allent�tleds�ck,�njured,

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or wounded shall be treated on the bas�s of the�r cl�n�cal needs and med�calresourcesava�lable.

MedicalEthicsandLegalConstraints Med�calpersonnelhaveadd�t�onal�nd�v�dualrespons�b�l�t�estotheeth�calandnat�onallegalrequ�rementsofthe�rowncl�n�calprofess�on.

StandardsofCareProvided Organ�sat�on,tra�n�ng,env�ronmentandequ�pmentaffecttheoutcomeofthecl�n�calcare.Thestandardsshouldbeacceptabletoallpart�c�pat�ngnat�ons.Thequal�tyoftheoutcomeofthemed�calcaremustbegu�dedbytheconceptsofCl�n�calGovernanceandEv�denceBasedMed�c�ne.Standard�sat�on�nprocedures,equ�pmentandtra�n�ngpromotes�nteroperab�l�tyandmult�nat�onal�ty.

PrimacyofClinicalNeeds Cl�n�calneedsmustbethepr�nc�palfactorgovern�ngthepr�or�ty,t�m�ngandmeansofapat�ent’smed�calcareandevacuat�on.

SpectrumofMedicalResponsibilities Med�calcare�sprov�dedonaprogress�vebas�srang�ngfromprevent�vemed�c�ne,firsta�d,emergencyresusc�tat�onandstab�l�sat�onofv�talfunct�ons,toevacuat�onanddefin�t�vespec�al�sedcare.

TreatmentPhilosophyforMassCasualtySituations In operat�onal s�tuat�ons where large numbers of casualt�es are be�ngsusta�ned,ash�ft�napproach�srequ�redtoensurethatthebestposs�blequal�tyof care �s g�ven to all. The pr�mary med�cal respons�b�l�ty �s to prov�de suchtreatmentthatensuresthatthecasualtyreachthenextstage �nthecha�n �nastablecond�t�on.Aslongasalargeflowcont�nuesand�sexpected,them�n�mumtreatmentcompat�blew�thfurtherevacuat�on�sg�ven�nordertoconservemed�caleffortandbenefitthegreatestnumberofcasualt�es.

FitnessforEvacuation Thecl�n�calcond�t�onofthepat�entw�llgovernthepr�or�ty,t�m�ng,meansand dest�nat�on of evacuat�on. Co-ord�nat�on by med�cal regulat�ng staff �srequ�red.

MedicalConfidentiality Pat�entmed�cal�nformat�on�snottobecommun�catedtoany�nd�v�dualororgan�sat�onthatdoesnothaveamed�calneedtoknow,exceptasrequ�redbynat�onalpol�cyforthatnat�on’spat�ent.

PatientWelfare Thegeneralwelfareofpat�ents �san �mportantelementof the�rhealth.Part�cular�ssuesw�llbecommun�cat�onw�threlat�ves,managementofpersonaleffects,psycholog�calsupport,soc�alandsp�r�tualwelfare.

—153—

OPERATIONALPRINCIPLES

ResponsibilityfortheHealthofNATOForces Nat�ons reta�n the ult�mate respons�b�l�ty for the prov�s�on of med�calsupporttothe�rforcesallocatedtoNATO.However,uponTransferofAuthor�ty,the NATO commander shares the respons�b�l�ty for the health and med�calsupportofass�gnedforces.Theappropr�ateNATOCommander,�nconsultat�onw�th contr�but�ng nat�ons and cons�der�ng the op�n�on of h�s med�cal adv�sor,�s respons�ble fordeterm�n�ngthemed�calsupport requ�rements (StatementofRequ�rements). Mult�nat�onal arrangements may requ�re more respons�b�l�ty oftheNATOcommander.

NATOCommandersMedicalAuthority TheNATOCommander �sgrantedcoord�nat�ngauthor�tyovermed�calassetstobestsupporth�splans.

PrincipalComponentsofDeployedHealthCare Adeployedmed�calsystemcompr�sesacommandandcontrolstructure,an �ntegrated system of treatment and evacuat�on and med�cal log�st�cs. Thepr�nc�ple components of operat�onal health care, around wh�ch the med�calsystem �s bu�lt, are med�cal force protect�on, emergency med�c�ne, pr�marycare,secondarycareandevacuat�on.Therequ�redmed�calcapab�l�tyandthe�rlocat�ons w�ll be pr�nc�pally determ�ned by the t�me-related constra�nts of themed�calcare,thecommander’scampa�gnplanandcasualtyest�mates.

FitnessandHealthStandards Ind�v�duals allocated for NATO operat�ons must ach�eve the bas�cstandardsof�nd�v�dualfitnessandhealthpredeterm�nedbynat�onalpol�cypr�ortothe�rdeployment.

TreatmentTimelines - AdvancedTrauma Care. A h�gh percentage of personnel suffer�ng

fromser�oustraumaonoperat�onsw�llhavean�ncreasedchanceofsurv�val�ftheyrece�vepromptandappropr�atecare.Thegu�del�neforNATOoperat�ons �s that advanced traumacare shouldbeava�lablew�th�nonehourof�njury.

- SurgicalPlanningTimeline.Promptmed�calevacuat�ontoastable�ntens�vecareenv�ronmentand,wherenecessarysurgery,�sessent�altothesurv�valofseverely�njuredcasualt�esandthe�rqual�tyofoutcome.Thepr�nc�plemed�calplann�ngt�mel�nefordeploymentsshouldbetoprov�de pr�mary surgery w�th�n one hour. However, when th�s �s notreasonably pract�cable, the plann�ng t�mel�nes may be extended totwohoursfortheprov�s�onofDamageControlSurgery(DCS)andfourhoursforPr�marySurgery.

- ExceptionalCircumstances. Val�dated cont�ngency plans must be�n place for those spec�fic operat�onal s�tuat�ons, such as mar�t�me

—154—

and Spec�al Forces operat�ons, when the gu�del�nes above cannotpract�cablybeappl�ed.

ContinuityofCare Pat�ents (wounded, �njuredand �ll)pass�ng through themed�calsystemmustbeg�vencare,wh�ch�scont�nuous,relevantandprogress�ve.Intrans�t,caremustbeava�labledur�ngthewholecha�nofevacuat�on.

Environment Med�cal un�ts shouldprov�de thebestposs�ble cl�n�cal env�ronment forcasualtycare,wh�ch�scompat�blew�ththe�rroleandoperat�onals�tuat�on.

ForceHealthProtection D�sease and Non-Battle Injury (DNBI) �s an ever-present health r�sk topersonnel. The pr�mary respons�b�l�ty of med�cal support �s the ma�ntenanceof health through the prevent�on of d�sease and �njury. The defence aga�nstWeaponsofMassDestruct�on(WMD)requ�resan�ntegratedapproach�nclud�ngvacc�nat�on, chemoprophylax�s, personal and collect�ve protect�on. Wheneverthere �s a suspected or confirmed outbreak of a contag�ous d�sease, thecommandermustbeg�venmed�caladv�ceonRestr�ct�onofMovement(ROM).

Planning Plann�ng for med�cal support must be part of both cont�ngency andoperat�onalplans.Amed�calstaffw�ththeadequatelevelsofrankandexper�encemustbefunct�on�ngattheNATOHQoftheForceCommanderfromtheoutsetofacont�ngencyplann�ngprocess.Med�calsupportplann�ngmustbespec�ficforeachoperat�on.

Appropr�atemed�calplann�ngstaffmustbesupportedbyanoperat�onalmed�cal�ntell�gencesystemtoest�matether�sk,pred�ctthecasualtyratesanddevelop comprehens�ve plans. Med�cal support concepts, plans, structures,operat�ng procedures must be understood and agreed by all �nvolved. Themed�calsupportshouldensureasurgecapab�l�tytodealw�thpeakcasualtyrates�nexcessofexpectedda�lyrates.

ReadinessoftheMedicalSupportSystemandTransitionfromPeacetoCrisisorConflict Med�cal elements need to be as well prepared and as ava�lable fordeploymentastheforcestheysupport.Med�calread�nessandava�lab�l�tymustbesuffic�enttoallowforasmoothtrans�t�onfrompeacet�metocr�s�sorconfl�ctposture.

Mobility Med�calun�tsmustbeasstrateg�callyandtact�callydynam�c,mob�le,andrespons�veastheforcestheysupport.

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NATOandNationalCo-operation Co-ord�nat�onandco-operat�onbetweenNATOandnat�onalm�l�taryandc�v�l�anauthor�t�es�sessent�alandmustbecarr�edoutatallappropr�atelevelstoensureopt�m�sedmed�calsupport.

Multinationality Mult�nat�onal med�cal solut�ons have cons�derable potent�al to reducetheburdenofthe�rprov�s�onupon�nd�v�dualnat�ons.However,theex�stenceofnat�onald�fferences, suchasvary�ngcl�n�calprotocols,d�fferent languageandlegalrestr�ct�ons,canmaketh�scomplex.Jo�ntmult�nat�onaltra�n�ng�npeace�snecessaryformult�nat�onal�tytoworkwell�noperat�ons.

RolesofCareCapabilities DeployableMed�calTreatmentFac�l�t�es(MTFs)areclass�fiedaccord�ngtothe�rtreatmentcapab�l�ty�nasystemofroles,progress�velynumberedfrom1to4.Acomprehens�veoperat�onalmed�calstructurew�llnormallyconta�nelementsofallfourroles.Mostofthecapab�l�t�esofeachroleare�ntr�ns�ctothenexth�gherrole.Generallycasualt�esprogressthroughthesystemfromrole1upwards.

- Role1 med�cal support prov�des for rout�ne pr�mary health care,spec�al�sed first a�d, tr�age, resusc�tat�on and stab�l�sat�on. It �s anat�onalrespons�b�l�tyand�s�ntegralorallocatedtoasmallun�t.

- Role2 prov�des an �ntermed�ate capab�l�ty for the recept�on andtr�ageofcasualt�es,aswellasbe�ngabletoperformresusc�tat�onandtreatmentofshocktoah�ghertechn�callevelthanRole1.It�spreparedto prov�de evacuat�on from Role 1 fac�l�t�es. It rout�nely �ncludesDamage Control Surgery (DCS) and may �nclude a l�m�ted hold�ngfac�l�tyfortheshort-termhold�ngofcasualt�esunt�ltheycanreturntodutyorevacuated.Role2mayalso �ncludedent�stry,env�ronmentalhealthandpsych�atryandpsychology. It �sanat�onalor leadnat�onrespons�b�l�ty,usuallyallocatedatBr�gadeorlargers�zeun�ts.

- Role3 �sdes�gnedtoprov�desecondarycarew�th�ntherestr�ct�onsoftheTheatreEvacuat�onPol�cy.Role3med�calsupport�sdeployedhosp�tal�sat�onandtheelementsrequ�redtosupport�t.Th�s�ncludesam�ss�on-ta�loredvar�etyofcl�n�calspec�alt�es�nclud�ngpr�marysurgeryandd�agnost�csupport.It�snat�onalorleadnat�onrespons�b�l�tyandmaybemult�nat�onal.Itprov�desmed�calsupportatD�v�s�onlevelandabove.

- Role4prov�desthefullspectrumofdefin�t�vemed�calcarethatcannotbedeployedtotheatreor�stoot�meconsum�ngtobeconductedthere. It �s normally prov�ded �n the country of or�g�n or the homecountryofanotherAll�ed.InmanyNATOnat�ons,Role4�sprov�dedforw�th�nthenat�onalc�v�lhealthsystem.

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EvacuationResources The operat�onal commander establ�shes the evacuat�on pol�cy afterconsultat�onw�ththemed�calplann�ngstaff,theoperat�onalandlog�st�cstaffandthenat�ons.Therearethreecategor�esofmed�calevacuat�on,wh�chappl�estosea,landanda�rsystems.Theyareforward,tact�cal(w�th�ntheatre)andstrateg�c(out-of-theatre)evacuat�on.Themed�calevacuat�onsystemrequ�resthefollow�ngcapab�l�t�es:

- ava�lab�l�ty24hoursaday;

- cont�nu�tyofmed�calcarethroughouttheevacuat�on;and

- casualtyregulat�onoftheflowandd�rect�onof�nd�v�dualpat�ents.

NationalMedicalLiaisonTeams Nat�onal Med�cal L�a�son Teams must be planned �n advance to havean effic�ent l�a�son system between nat�onal cont�ngents and theatre med�calresourcessuchashosp�tals,evacuat�oncontrolcellsandtheNATOcommander’smed�calstaff.

ProvisionofNon–EmergencyTreatment Pol�cymustbeestabl�shedregard�ngtheent�tlementofnon–m�l�tarystaffsandotherauthor�sedpersonnelforallnon-emergencymed�calcare.

MEDICALLOGISTICS The med�cal log�st�c system must be well regulated, effic�ent and costeffect�ve.

Med�cal mater�el has un�que character�st�cs such as protected status,extens�venat�onaland�nternat�onalregulat�ons,spec�alhandl�ngrequ�rements,short not�ce cl�n�cal demands and nat�onal restr�ct�ons. Blood/blood productsandmed�calgassesaretwosupply�temsofspec�al�mportanceforoperat�onalpurposes.Theava�lab�l�tyofmed�calmater�elwh�ch �ncludessupply ratesandre supply must be �n accordance w�th the requ�red levels of read�ness andsusta�nab�l�tydur�ngpeace,cr�s�sandconfl�ct.

MILITARYMEDICALSUPPORTRESPONSESTODISASTERRELIEFANDCONSEQUENCEMANAGEMENTSITUATIONS Comprehens�ve NATO gu�dance ex�sts �n relat�on to d�saster rel�efoperat�ons.MC327prov�despol�cyontheplann�ngandconductofnon-Art�cle5Cr�s�sResponseOperat�ons.MC343outl�nesthepr�nc�plesofm�l�taryass�stance�nhuman�tar�anemergenc�esnotconnectedtoanym�l�taryoperat�on.MC411addresses c�v�l-m�l�tary �nterfaces, �nclud�ng m�l�tary support for human�tar�anemergenc�es, w�th�n the context of other operat�ons when NATO forces arealready deployed or to be deployed. All�ed Med�cal Publ�cat�on 15 prov�desdeta�ledgu�danceonM�l�taryMed�calSupport�nD�sasterRel�ef.

ConsequenceManagement(CM)�stheuseofreact�vemeasurestom�t�gatethedestruct�veeffectsofterror�sm.Wh�leCMrema�nstherespons�b�l�tyofnat�onal

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c�v�lauthor�t�es,theAll�ancecanprov�deaw�derangeofsupport�nclud�ngsomecruc�al capab�l�t�es such as command, control and commun�cat�on, log�st�cs,eng�neer,med�cal,decontam�nat�on,explos�veordnanced�sposalandsecur�tycapab�l�t�es.

THECOMMITTEEOFCHIEFSOFMILITARYMEDICALSERVICESINNATO(COMEDS) COMEDS �s the h�ghest m�l�tary med�cal author�ty w�th�n NATO. It wasestabl�shed�n1993asasen�orNATObodytog�vemed�caladv�cetotheM�l�taryComm�ttee.Itactsasacentralpo�ntandfac�l�tatorforthedevelopmentandco-ord�nat�onofm�l�tarymed�calmatters.

TheComm�ttee�scomposedoftheh�ghestm�l�tarymed�calrepresentat�vesof NATO and Partner nat�ons, as well as the sen�or med�cal adv�sors of theInternat�onalM�l�taryStaffandbothStrateg�cCommands.Itmeets�nNATOonlyand EAPC formats and prov�des an annual report to the M�l�tary Comm�ttee.Currently,Germanyprov�destheCha�rman,theSecretaryandtheStaffOfficer.Thesecretar�at �s locatedw�th�nNATOHeadquarters.TheStaffOfficeractsasL�a�sonOfficerw�th the IMSmed�cal staff. TheCha�rmanof theJo�ntMed�calComm�tteepart�c�patesasanobserver.

Adapt�ngtothemult�plemed�calchallengesofarap�dlychang�ngsecur�tyenv�ronment,theCOMEDShasexpanded�tsl�a�sons,observerandcooperat�onarrangements.These�ncludetheSen�orNATOLog�st�c�ans’Conference(SNLC),the Weapons of Mass Destruct�on Centre (WMDC), Research and TechnologyOrgan�sat�on(RTO)HumanFactorsandMed�c�nePanel(HFM).

TheCOMEDSPlenarymeetsb�annually.TheSpr�ngmeet�ngtakesplace�naNATOnat�on,Autumnmeet�ngsareheldatNATOHQ.COMEDShasbecomethepr�nc�pal task�ngauthor�ty formostNATOmed�calstandard�sat�onmattersandhasbeenplay�ngan�mportantrole�npromot�ngnewrelat�onsh�psw�thPfPandMed�terraneanD�alogue(MD)countr�es.COMEDShasalsoexpanded�tsrole�ntheareasofWeaponsofMassDestruct�on.Ithascurrently10subord�natedWork�ngGroups,wh�chfocusonspec�al�sedfieldsofm�l�tarymed�c�ne.

THEJOINTMEDICALCOMMITTEE(JMC) The JMC �s one of the comm�ttees and plann�ng boards subord�natedto the Sen�or C�v�l Emergency Plann�ng Comm�ttee (SCEPC). Its m�ss�on �s tocarryout �nternat�onalco-ord�nat�onofc�v�landm�l�tarymed�calplann�ng.Oneofthemajorareasofemphas�shasbeenonthemed�calresponsetocr�s�sandd�saster�nclud�ngthec�v�lhosp�talread�nesstorece�velargenumbersofcombatcasualt�esandthec�v�lsupporttoaeromed�calevacuat�on.TheJMChasfollowedtheact�onsofthemed�calpartoftheC�v�lProtect�onAct�onPlantodefendc�v�lpopulat�onaga�nstCBRNactsof terror�sm.TheJMCprov�desc�v�l experts �nvar�ousmed�cald�sc�pl�nestoass�st�noperat�onalplann�ngandcr�s�sresponse,andprov�desthepr�marymed�caladv�cetotheNorthAtlant�cCounc�l,throughtheSCEPC,dur�ngcr�ses.

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REFERENCES

“The Geneva Convent�ons of 1949”, (�ncorporat�ng the Hague Protocols of1907)

“TheAdd�t�onalProtocolstotheGenevaConvent�onsof1997”

C-M(1999)21 TheAll�ance’sStrateg�cConcept

C-M(2001)44 NATOPol�cyonCo-operat�on�nLog�st�cs

MC55/4 NATOLog�st�cRead�nessandSusta�nab�l�ty

MC319/2(MILDEC) NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforLog�st�cs

MC326/2 NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esofOperat�onalMed�calSupport.

MC327/2 NATOM�l�taryPol�cyfornon-Art�cle5Operat�ons.

MC334/2 NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforHostNat�onSupport

MC335 Establ�shmentoftheCh�efofM�l�taryMed�calServ�ces�nNATO(COMEDS)

MC336/2 NATOPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforMovementandTransportat�on

MC343/1 NATO,M�l�taryAss�stancetoInternat�onalD�sasterRel�efOperat�ons(IDRO)

MC400/2 MCGu�dancefortheM�l�taryImplementat�onofAll�anceStrategy

MC411/1 NATOM�l�taryPol�cyonC�v�l-M�l�taryCo-operat�on

MC469 NATOM�l�taryPr�nc�plesandPol�c�esforEnv�ronmentalProtect�on

MC472 NATOM�l�taryConceptforDefenceaga�nstTerror�sm

MC477 M�l�taryConceptfortheNATOResponseForce

AJP4.10 “All�edJo�ntMed�calSupportDoctr�ne”

AMedP-13 NATOGlossaryofMed�calTermsandDefin�t�ons

AD85-8ACE Med�calSupportPr�nc�ples,Pol�c�esandPlann�ngParameters


—159—

ANNEXAtoChapter11



CM ConsequenceManagement

COMEDS Comm�tteeofCh�efsofM�l�taryMed�calServ�cesINNATO

DCS DamageControlSurgery

DNBI D�seaseandNon-BattleInjury

HFM HumanFactorsandMed�c�nePanel


MTFs Med�calTreatmentFac�l�t�es


ROM Restr�ct�onofMovement



WMD WaponsofMassDestruct�on

WMDC WeaponsofMassDestruct�onCentre

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—161—

CHAPTER 12LOGISTICOUTREACHACTIVITIES

—162—

—163—

CHAPTER 12LOGISTICOUTREACHACTIVITIES

“Without supplies neither a general nor a soldier is good for anything.”

- Clearchus of Sparta, 401 B.C. -

PARTNERSHIPSWITHNATO ThePartnersh�pforPeace(PfP)hasprovenaverysuccessfulprogrammeforbr�ng�ngPartnercountr�es�ntoconsultat�onw�ththeAll�esandfor�ntegrat�ngPartner capab�l�t�es �nto NATO-led operat�ons. In the last years, Russ�a andUkra�nesubstant�allyenhancedandupgradedtoanewlevelthe�rrelat�onsw�thNATOthroughestabl�sh�ngad�st�nct�vePartnersh�pw�thNATO.Newforawereestabl�shed:theNATORuss�aCounc�l(NRC)andtheNATOUkra�neComm�ss�on(NUC),asameans to fac�l�tate regularconsultat�onandd�scuss�onofsecur�tymatters.Othercomplementaryprogrammeshavebeensetupouts�dethePfP,butus�ngthemethodologyandwork�ngtoolsofthePfP�n�t�at�ve.Log�st�cco-operat�on�sacomponentofeachoftheseprogrammes.Itsma�nobject�vesare:

- exchangeof�nformat�on;

- harmon�sat�onofnat�onallog�st�c/med�calconcept,pr�nc�ples,pol�c�es,doctr�ne and procedures w�th NATO log�st�c/med�cal concepts,pr�nc�ples,pol�c�es,doctr�ne,d�rect�ve,techn�quesandprocedures;

- tra�n�ng personnel for all funct�onal areas of log�st�cs, �nclud�ngCommand and Control (C2) and Movement and Transportat�on(M&T);

- development of nat�onal log�st�c/med�cal structures and capab�l�t�esv�able,affordableand�nteroperable;

- �mprovement of the �nteroperab�l�ty of the nat�onal log�st�c/med�calcapab�l�t�es through �mplementat�on of the Partnersh�p Goals (PGs)andNATOStandard�sat�onAgreements(STANAGs);

- developmentofHostNat�onSupport(HNS)arrangements,structuresanddatabase(Capab�l�t�esCatalogue-CAPCAT);and

- fam�l�ar�sat�on w�th NATO Log�st�c Informat�on Systems and Tools,e.g. All�ed Deployment and Movement System (ADAMS), NATOCod�ficat�onSystem(NCS),NATOFuels,IntegratedLog�st�cSupport(ILS),L�feCycleManagement(LCM)conceptsand�n�t�at�ves.

StandingGroupforPartnerLogisticExperts(SGPLE) W�ththeestabl�shmentoftheSGPLE�nFebruary2000,thePartnershavebeenwell�ntegrated�ntotheact�v�t�esoftheSen�orNATOLog�st�c�ans’Conference(SNLC)and�tssubord�nategroups.TheSGPLE�sundergu�danceoftheLog�st�csStaffMeet�ng(LSM)w�thPartnersandtheMovementandTransportat�onGroup(M&TG)w�thPartnersand�sanopenforumtoaddresslog�st�ctop�csof�nterest

—164—

toPfPnat�ons,LSMw�thPartnersandM&TGw�thPartnersmembers.TheSGPLE�sdescr�bed�nChapter2.

StandingGroupforPartnerMedicalExperts(SGPME) In2001,theComm�tteeoftheCh�efsofM�l�taryMed�calServ�ces�nNATO(COMEDS)PlenaryMeet�ngsetupaSGPME.Inco-operat�onw�ththeStrateg�cCommanders, th�sw�llprov�dea forumwheremed�calassetsandcapab�l�t�es,PfPgoalsandmed�calpre-arrangementsw�llbeaddressed.

PARTNERSHIPFORPEACE

General The PfP programme was launched �n December 1994. Partners havejo�nedandcontr�butedgreatlytoNATOledeffortstoensuresecur�ty�nEuropeandbeyond.ThePartnersh�pplaysan�mportantrole�n�nternat�onalstab�l�tyandsecur�ty,�nl�new�ththebas�cobject�veofthePfP�n�t�at�ve,�.e.strengthenandextendpeaceandstab�l�ty�ntheEuro-Atlant�carea.Itsobject�vesare:

- pol�t�cal d�alogue and pract�cal co-operat�on on a broad range of�nternat�onalandappropr�atedomest�c�ssuesofcommonconcerns,�npart�cular those related to terror�smandotherevolv�ng threats tosecur�ty;

- defencereformsandrestructur�ngofdefence �nst�tut�ons �nordertoestabl�sh modern, effect�ve, effic�ent, affordable and democrat�callyrespons�ble statedefence �nst�tut�onsunder c�v�l�an anddemocrat�ccontrol, wh�ch w�ll be able to support �nternat�onal secur�ty co-operat�on;

- prepar�ng �nterestedPartners forpart�c�pat�on �nNATO ledArt�cle5andnonArt�cle5operat�onsthroughsupport�ngthePartners’effortsto transform the�r defence and develop m�l�tary �nteroperab�l�ty andcapab�l�t�esthatprov�deah�ghlyvaluablecontr�but�ontoNATO;

- support Partners who w�th to jo�n the All�ance, cons�stent w�th theopendoorpol�cyenshr�ned�ntheWash�ngtonTreatyandPfPInv�tat�onDocument.

PoliticalMilitarySteeringCommittee(PMSC) ThePMSC�sthebas�cwork�nggroupw�threspons�b�l�tyforPfPmatters.Itmeets�nvar�ousconfigurat�ons,e�ther�nNATOonlyor�nEAPCformat.ThePMSCClear�ngHouse �sanon-dec�s�onmak�ngbody,w�thoutpol�cy respons�b�l�t�es,thatprov�desan�nformalforumford�scuss�onsonfutureass�stanceprogrammesandprojectsbasedon�nformat�ondatathatshouldbecoherentw�thotherPfPmechan�sms.

PartnershipCo-ordinationCell(PCC) ThePCC�saun�quePfPstructure,locatedattheSupremeHeadquartersAll�edPowersEurope (SHAPE) �nMons (Belg�um). ThePCC,wh�ch �souts�de

—165—

theNATOm�l�tarystructurecoord�natesjo�ntm�l�taryact�v�t�esw�th�nPfP,carr�esoutthem�l�taryplann�ngnecessaryto�mplementthem�l�taryaspectsoftheEuroAtlant�cPartnersh�pWorkProgrammeandpart�c�pates�ntheevaluat�onofsuchm�l�taryact�v�t�es.It�sapo�ntofcontactwherePartnercountr�escanl�a�seandact�velycontr�butetotheco-ord�nat�onworkforPfP.

ThePartnershipforPeacePlanningandReviewProcess(PARP) The PARP �s a cruc�al element �n foster�ng m�l�tary �nteroperab�l�ty andprepar�ng prospect�ve members of NATO access�on. The PARP mechan�sm,wh�ch �soffered toPartnersonanopt�onalbas�s, coversa twoyearplann�ngcycle�smodelledonNATO’sownforcesplann�ngsystem.Plann�ngtargets,orPartnersh�pGoals(PGs),arenegot�atedw�theachpart�c�pat�ngcountry,follow�ngwh�chprogressmade�sextens�velymeasured.Therearemany log�st�crelatedPGs,a�medatass�st�ngPartnernat�ons�ndevelop�ng�nteroperab�l�tyoflog�st�cstructuresand�ncontr�but�nglog�st�callytoNATO-ledoperat�ons.

Euro-AtlanticPartnershipWorkProgramme(EAPWP) TheEAPWP,wh�ch�sthecentralmechan�smofNATOcooperat�onw�thPfPcountr�es,�ncludesm�l�taryandnon-m�l�taryact�v�t�es.Itcoversatwoyearper�odbut�srev�ewedannually.Itstwoma�ncomponentsaretheoverarch�nggu�danceand the l�st of support�ngact�v�t�esorgan�sedbyAreaofCo-operat�on (AOC),wh�ch�sl�nkedtorelevantobject�vesandM�l�taryTasksforInteroperab�l�ty(MTIs).TheEAPWP�sthesourceofselectedact�v�t�es�nsupportofotherprogrammes.

PfPTrustFund ThePfPTrustFunda�m�stoass�stPartnercountr�es�nthesafedestruct�onofthe�rAnt�-personnelLandm�nes(APLs)stockp�les,surplusmun�t�ons,unexplodedordnanceandSmallArmsandL�ghtWeapons(SALW).Actually,theframeworkoftheTrustFundpol�cywasextendedtoallowass�st�ngPartnernat�onstomanagetheconsequencesofdefencereform.Th�smay �ncludebut �snotrestr�ctedtoprojectspromot�ngc�v�landdemocrat�creformofthearmedforces,retra�n�ngofm�l�tarypersonnel,baseconvers�onandpromot�ngeffect�vedefenceplann�ngandbudget�ngunderdemocrat�ccontrol.Thedec�s�onofwhetherornotperm�tt�ngtheestabl�shmentofaTrustFund�sthesoleprerogat�veoftheAll�es.

OperationalCapabilitiesConcept(OCC) TheOCCrepresentsamore�ntegratedapproachtom�l�taryco-operat�on,a�med at �mprov�ng the m�l�tary effect�veness of mult�nat�onal forces. It l�nkstogether the normal co operat�on �n the context of the PfP and NATO forcegenerat�on process wh�ch �s act�vated �n cr�s�s. Other OCC central featuresare the pool of forces and capab�l�t�es database, assessment and feedbackmechan�sms and enabl�ng mechan�sms. As part of the �mplementat�on of theOCC, �nteroperab�l�tystandardsand relatedassessmentsareharmon�sedw�threspect�veNATOmechan�sms.

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NATO-RUSSIALOGISTICCO-OPERATION Intens�fied co-operat�on �n log�st�cs was �n�t�ated after the 2002 RomeSumm�t.Accord�ngly,�nJune2002NATOandRuss�asetupthreeexpertgroupsonlog�st�cs:Log�st�cs,A�rTransport(AT)andA�r-to-A�rRefuell�ng(AAR)�nordertoenhancethe�rpract�calco-operat�on.Recogn�s�ngthe�ncreas�ng�mportanceoflog�st�ccooperat�onandtheneedtocoord�natethec�v�landm�l�taryaspectsofmoderndefencelog�st�cs,NRCAmbassadorsatthe�rmeet�ngon26January2004establ�shedanAdHocWork�ngGroup(AHWG)onLog�st�cs,theNRC(LOG),replac�ngthethreeexpertgroups.TheNRC(LOG)�sdescr�bed�nChapter2.

NATO-UKRAINELOGISTICCO-OPERATION TheCharteronaD�st�nct�vePartnersh�pbetweenNATOandUkra�newass�gned�nJuly1997.Itwh�chrema�nsthebas�cfoundat�onoftheNATOUkra�nerelat�onsh�pands�nce�tss�gnature,co-operat�onw�thUkra�nehasdeveloped�nallareasforeseenundertheCharter.

Ukra�nehasaun�queab�l�tytocontr�butelog�st�callytoNATOledoperat�onsandaframeworkforlog�st�csco-operat�onhasthereforebeendevelopedtoass�stw�thfurtherprogress.Th�sframeworka�msatenhanc�nglog�st�ccooperat�onby�dent�fy�ngthe l�nkagesbetweenkeym�l�tarygoals,key log�st�csgoalsandthelog�st�c object�ves of those goals. It also establ�shes pr�nc�ples gu�d�ng future�n�t�at�vesandprojectsthatw�llstrengthenlog�st�cco-operat�on.

In November 2002, NUC Fore�gn M�n�sters adopted the NATO-Ukra�neAct�onPlan,pursuant to thedec�s�onof theNUC todeepenandbroaden theNATO-Ukra�nerelat�onsh�p,andtoreflectUkra�ne’s«StrategyonRelat�onsw�ththeNorthAtlant�cTreatyOrgan�sat�on».

MEDITERRANEANDIALOGUE(MD)

General The MD was �n�t�ated �n 1994 w�th a v�ew to contr�but�ng to reg�onalsecur�tyandstab�l�ty�ntheMed�terraneanarea.TheMD�scomposedofsevencountr�es:Alger�a,Egypt,Israel,Jordan,Morocco,Maur�tan�aandTun�s�a.InMay2001,theNorthAtlant�cCounc�lagreedtothepart�c�pat�onofMDcountr�es�ncarefullyselectedNATO/PfPexerc�ses.MDcountr�esareauthor�sedtotakepart�nSGPLEmeet�ngs.

MediterraneanCo-operationGroup(MCG) TheMCG,wh�chwasestabl�shed�n1997,enhancestheMD�n�t�at�vebyprov�d�ngaforumd�rectly�nvolv�ngMDandAll�edcountr�es�npol�t�cald�scuss�ons.The MCG focuses on enhanc�ng the D�alogue’s pol�t�cal d�mens�on, ach�ev�ng�nteroperab�l�ty,cooperat�ng�nthefieldsofbordersecur�tyanddefencereformandcontr�but�ngtothefightaga�nstterror�sm.

MediterraneanCo-operationWorkingPlan(MDWP) The MDWP, wh�ch �s the central mechan�sm of NATO co-operat�onw�thMDcountr�es, �ncludesm�l�taryandnon-m�l�taryact�v�t�es. Itcoversatwo

—167—

yearper�odbut�srev�ewedannually.SelectedNATO/PfPevents,act�v�t�esandexerc�ses are opened for attendance by representat�ves of the Med�terraneanD�alogueandtheIstanbulCooperat�onIn�t�at�ve(ICI),e�therasact�vepart�c�pantsorasobservers.

ISTANBULCO-OPERATIONINITIATIVE(ICI) The ICI was launched at the June 2004 Summ�t to expand the MDframeworkwh�lerespect�ngtheMDspec�fic�ty.Itconcernscountr�es�nthebroaderreg�onoftheM�ddleEast.Th�s�n�t�at�vea�msatpromot�ngpract�calcooperat�onw�th �nterested countr�es, start�ng w�th the countr�es of the Gulf Co-operat�onCountr�es (GCC), �.e. Bahra�n, Kuwa�t, Oman, Qatar, Saud� Arab�a and Un�tedArabEm�rates.Itoffersta�loredadv�ceondefencereform,defencebudget�ngandplann�ng,promot�ngc�v�l-m�l�taryandm�l�tarytom�l�tarycooperat�ontocontr�buteto �nteroperab�l�ty,fight�ngterror�smaddress�ngtheprol�ferat�onofweaponsofmassdestruct�onandthe�rdel�verymeans;andfight�ng�llegaltraffick�ng.Log�st�ccooperat�on focusesonprov�d�ng ICI countr�esw�th access toNATO log�st�ccoursesandw�thta�loredact�v�t�es,asmayberequested.

IstanbulCo-operationInitiativeGroup(ICIG) Follow�ng the launch�ngof the ICI �n2004, �thasbeenagreed that themandateoftheMCGbeextendedto�ncluderespons�b�l�tyforICIrelatedmatterswh�lema�nta�n�ngtheposs�b�l�tyforth�sgrouptomeete�ther�n�tsMCGorICIGconfigurat�on�nordertoreflectthespec�fic�tyoftheMD.TheICIGensurestheoverallcoord�nat�onofthe�mplementat�onofallaspectsoftheIstanbuldec�s�on.Inl�new�thth�sdec�s�on,NATOdevelopsandoffersamenuofpract�calact�v�t�esw�th�ntheagreedpr�or�tyareasforposs�bledevelopmentw�th�nterestedcountr�esofthereg�on.

REFERENCESNotava�lable.


—168—

ANNEXAtoChapter12




AHWG AdHocWork�ngGroup

AOC AreaofCo-operat�on

APLs Ant�-PersonnelLandm�nes

AT A�rTransport


CAPCAT Capab�l�t�esCatalogue


GCC GulfCo-operat�onCountr�es



ICIG IstanbulCo-operat�onIn�t�at�veGroup

ILS IntegratedLog�st�cSupport

LCM L�feCycleManagement

LSM Log�st�csStaffMeet�ng

MCG Med�terraneanCo-operat�onGroup


MDWP Med�terraneanCo-operat�onWork�ngPlan



MTIs M�l�taryTasksforInteroperab�l�ty

NAC NorthAtlant�cCounc�l

NCS NATOCod�ficat�onSystem


—169—

NUC NATOUkra�neComm�ss�on

OCC Operat�onalCapab�l�t�esConcept

PARP Partnersh�pforPeacePlann�ngandRev�ewProcess

PCC Partnersh�pCo-ord�nat�onCell


PGs Partnersh�pGoals

PMSC Pol�t�calM�l�tarySteer�ngComm�ttee

SALW SmallArmsandL�ghtWeapons

SHAPE SupremeHeadquartersAll�edPowersEurope

SGPLE Stand�ngGroupforPartnerLog�st�cExperts


STANAGs NATOStandard�sat�onAgreements

—170—

—171—

CHAPTER 13PRODUCTIONLOGISTICS

—172—

—173—

CHAPTER 13PRODUCTIONLOGISTICS

“For the want of a nail, the shoe was lost – For the want of a shoe, the horse was lost – For the want of a horse the rider was lost – For the want of a rider the battle was lost.”

- Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanac, 1790 -

INTRODUCTION Unl�keconsumerlog�st�cs,wh�ch�sconcernedw�thprov�d�ngd�rectlog�st�csupport tom�l�tary forces,product�on log�st�cs largelybelongsto the �ndustr�aldoma�n.TheConferenceofNat�onalArmamentsD�rectors(CNAD)hasthema�nrespons�b�l�ty for NATO armaments co-operat�on, but other comm�ttees andbod�esarealso�nvolved�narmamentsrelatedco-operat�onw�th�ntheAll�ance.TheDefenceInvestment(DI)D�v�s�onoftheInternat�onalStaff(IS)�sthepo�ntofcontactformattersofproduct�onlog�st�csatNATOHeadquarters.

Respons�b�l�tyforequ�pp�ngandma�nta�n�ngm�l�taryforcesrestsw�ththemembernat�onsofNATO.Inmostcases,research,developmentandproduct�onof equ�pment �s organ�sed by each country �n accordance w�th �ts nat�onalrequ�rements and comm�tments to NATO. However, armaments co-operat�onw�th�n the All�ance contr�butes to meet�ng the NATO Strateg�c Commanders’capab�l�ty requ�rements and enabl�ng the �nteroperab�l�ty of forces �n NATOoperat�ons.

METHODSFORARMAMENTSCO-OPERATION There are var�ous ways �n wh�ch co-operat�on �n armaments can beach�eved,suchas:

AgreementsonProduction,i.e.agreementsto - manufacture�dent�calequ�pment�nvar�ouscountr�es

- produceonepartofa«fam�lyofweapons»,e.g.onenat�onundertakesproduct�onofashort-rangeweapon,wh�lstothersproducemed�umandlong-rangevers�ons;

- purchaseequ�pmentproducedbyothernat�ons;and

- setupajo�nt�nternat�onalproduct�onagencyforequ�pment.

AgreementsonStandardisation,i.e.agreements: - toensurethatcerta�nnat�onalequ�pmentsarecompat�blew�ththose

ofothernat�ons;

- toensureequ�pmentsare�nteroperable;and

- ontheuseof�nterchangeablecomponents.

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CONFERENCEOFNATIONALARMAMENTSDIRECTORS(CNAD)-AC/259 It�sundertheaeg�softheCNADthatmostoftheefforta�medat�dent�fy�ngopportun�t�esforcollaborat�on �ntheresearch,developmentandproduct�onofm�l�taryequ�pmentandweaponsystemstakesplace.TheCNAD,wh�chmeets�nfullsess�ontw�ceayear,�scha�redbytheSecretaryGeneral.ThepermanentCha�rman �s the Ass�stant Secretary General (ASG) for Defence Investment.It br�ngs together the Nat�onal Armament D�rectors of member nat�ons,representat�vesfromtheM�l�taryComm�ttee(MC)andStrateg�cCommand(SCs),thecha�rmenof �tsma�ngroupsandotherc�v�landm�l�taryauthor�t�esw�than�nterest�nproduct�onlog�st�cs.TheCNAD�sd�rectlyrespons�bleforthefollow�ngfourkeyelementsforco-operat�on:

- theharmon�sat�onofm�l�taryrequ�rementsonanAll�ance-w�debas�s;

- thepromot�onofessent�albattlefield�nteroperab�l�ty;

- thepursu�tofco-operat�veopportun�t�es�dent�fiedbytheCNADandthepromot�onof�mprovedtransatlant�cco-operat�on;and

- the development of cr�t�cal technolog�es, �nclud�ng expandedtechnologyshar�ng.

CNADSubstructure TheCNADsubstructurecons�stsofMa�nGroups(level1),w�thsupport�nglevel 2 subject area management groups and level 3 expert work�ng groups.Informat�onon theCNADstructure �sava�lableon theArmaments Informat�onManagement System (AIMS) on the NATO �ntranet, or on the NATO publ�cwebs�te.Thelevel1CNADgroupsarethefollow�ng:

CNADMainArmamentsGroupscover�ngland,seaanda�rwarfare:

- NATONavalArmamentsGroup(NNAG)-AC/141;

- NATOA�rForceArmamentsGroup(NAFAG)-AC/224;and

- NATOArmyArmamentsGroup(NAAG)-AC/225.

TheCNADMainGroupscons�stof:

- NATOIndustrialAdvisoryGroup(NIAG)-prov�des�ndustryadv�ceto the CNAD on �ndustr�al, techn�cal, econom�c, management andother relevant aspects of research, development and product�on ofarmamentsw�th�n theAll�ance.Thepr�mary focus �s theconductofNIAGstud�estoprov�detechnologyadv�ceforprogrammedevelopmenteffortsundertheCNAD.

- LifeCycle Management Group - AC/327 - �s respons�ble, onbehalfoftheCNAD,forNATOpol�c�es,methods,useandsupportofarmamentssystemstomeetNATOl�fecycle,qual�tyand�nteroperab�l�tyrequ�rements.

- CNADAmmunition Safety Group – AC/326 - �s respons�ble, onbehalf of the CNAD, for promot�ng ammun�t�on safety through the

—175—

l�fecycleandprov�desstandardsandgu�danceformun�t�onssafetydes�gn, test�ng, transportat�on, handl�ng and storage �nclud�ng �nNATOoperat�ons.

- GroupofNationalDirectorsonCodification-AC/135.Th�sGroup�sconcernedw�ththedevelopment,�mplementat�onandma�ntenanceofaNATOCod�ficat�onSystem(NCS) �nsupportofAll�edForces. Itworkscloselyw�th,andrece�vessecretar�alsupport from,theNATOMa�ntenanceandSupplyAgency(NAMSA)wh�chcanberegardedas�tsexecut�vearm.

The CNAD Ad Hoc Groups deal�ng w�th spec�al armaments projects are thefollow�ng:

- AllianceGroundSurveillanceSteeringCommittee-AC/259(Surv)

- MissileDefenceAdHocGroup-AC/259(MDAHG)

NationalArmamentsDirectorsRepresentatives(NADREPS)ass�gnedto nat�onal delegat�ons to NATO and represent�ng the�r Nat�onal ArmamentsD�rectors.NADREPSmeetgenerallyeverytwoweeksandholdregularmeet�ngsw�thPartnernat�onNADREPS.TheyoverseetheCNADManagementPlanandactastheNATOHeadquarters’focalpo�ntsforthe�rrespect�veNat�onalArmamentsD�rectors.

OTHERNATOCOMMITTEESANDBODIESINVOLVEDINARMAMENTSCOOPERATION OtherNATOcomm�tteesandbod�esarealso�nvolved�ncerta�naspectsofarmamentsco-operat�on.

NATOAirDefenceCommittee(NADC) TheNADC�scha�redbytheDeputySecretaryGeneralandmeetstw�ceayear.Itadv�sestheNorthAtlant�cCounc�landtheDefencePlann�ngComm�ttee(DPC)onallaspectsofa�rdefenceprogrammedevelopmentforNATOandtheadjacentseaareas.Ithastwosubord�natepanels:

- PanelonA�rDefencePh�losophy(PADP);and

- PanelonA�rDefenceWeapons(PADW).

NATOProjectSteeringCommittees(NPSC) ANATOProject�saformalstatusconferredbytheCNADonanarmamentscooperat�onprojectthat�ssubjecttothefollow�ngcond�t�ons:

- twoormoreNATOnat�onspart�c�pate�ntheproject;

- there �s a comm�tment to report progress annually to CNAD unt�l theequ�pmenthasbeenproducedortheprojectotherw�seterm�nated;and

- prov�s�on �s �ncluded for the adm�ss�on of other �nterested NATOcountr�es, subject to the acceptance of reasonable and equ�tablecond�t�onstobeprov�dedbythepart�c�pat�ngcountr�es.

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ANPSC�sabodycomposedofnat�onalrepresentat�vesestabl�shedbyan�ntergovernmental agreement between two or more NATO nat�ons �n order to co-ord�nate, execute or superv�se an equ�pment procurement programme wh�ch hasqual�fiedasaNATOPROJECT.Anumberofprojectscont�nuetoenjoyformalNATOstatusunderthetermsoftheCNADCharter.Al�stofNPSCs�sprov�dedatAnnexA.

ResearchandTechnologyOrganisation(RTO) Thegovern�ngbodyoftheNATOResearchandTechnologyOrgan�sat�on�s the Research and Technology Board (RTB) wh�ch �s composed of nat�onaldelegatesdrawnfromgovernment, �ndustryandacadem�a.TheRTBhasbeendes�gnatedbytheCounc�las thes�ngle focusw�th�nNATOfor theconductof�nternat�onalcollaborat�vedefenceResearchandTechnology(R&T),andtheco-ord�nat�onofotherR&Tact�v�t�esand�ssues.TheCha�rmanoftheRTBreportstoboththeCNADandtheMC.

The RTO �s supported by the Research and Technology Agency (RTA),Par�s (France). The pr�mary work of the RTO �s conducted by networks ofnat�onalexperts,�nvolved�ncollaborat�veresearchprojects,m�l�tarystud�esand�nformat�onexchangeact�v�t�esacrossaw�derangeoftechnologyd�sc�pl�nes.

NATOConsultation,CommandandControlOrganisation(NC3O) AsaresultofaCounc�ldec�s�on,theNATOC3Organ�sat�on(NC3O)came�ntobe�ng �nJuly1996.Theworkof theNATOC3Commun�ty �soverseenbytheNATOC3Board(NC3B)wh�chmeetstw�ceayearw�threpresentat�onfromcap�tals.TheBoard �sass�sted �n �tsworkbytheNat�onalC3Representat�ves(NC3REPS)whoarenormallyres�dent�nthe�rdelegat�onorm�l�taryrepresentat�on�nNATOHQ.TheBoardoverseestheworkof �ts twoAgenc�es, theNATOC3Agency(NC3A)wh�ch�saplann�ng,des�gn,developmenteng�neer�ng,technologyand procurement agency, and the NATO CIS Operat�ng and Support Agency(NACOSA).StaffsupporttotheNC3Band�tssubstructure �sprov�dedbytheNATO Headquarters C3 Staff, wh�ch �s an �ntegrated c�v�l�an and m�l�tary staffrespond�ngtoboththeASG/DIandtheD�rectorIMS(DIMS).

TheNATOC3systemsthatarebe�ngdevelopedencompassthecommonfunded commun�cat�ons systems, �nformat�on systems, sensor (and warn�ng�nstallat�ons) systems, and the�r fac�l�t�es �n NATO and nat�onal headquarters,thatare requ�red forpol�t�calconsultat�on,cr�s�smanagement,c�v�lemergencyplann�ngandm�l�tarycommandandcontrol.NATOC3act�v�t�es �ntheseareasarerelatedtothemult�nat�onaldec�s�onmak�ngprocesswh�chdealsw�th:

- pol�cymak�ng,plann�ng,programm�ng,�mplementat�on,operat�onandma�ntenanceofcommon-fundedNATOC3systems;

- standard�sat�on and co-operat�ve development, test�ng andprocurement of NATO C3 and appropr�ate nat�onal C3 (�nclud�ngnav�gat�onand�dent�ficat�on)equ�pmentandsystems;and

- �nteroperab�l�ty between nat�onal C3 systems and between thosesystemsandthecommon-fundedNATOC3systems.

—177—

PROCEDURESFORARMAMENTSCO-OPERATION Armaments co-operat�on under the CNAD �s based essent�ally on an�nformat�onexchangeprocess thatseeksagreementbetweennat�onsand theSCsonharmon�sedoperat�onalrequ�rements�nordertopromoteco-operat�veequ�pment programmes. Because the respons�b�l�ty for equ�pp�ng the�r forces�saprerogat�veof�nd�v�dualmembernat�ons,th�sco-operat�veprocesscanbesupportedandencouraged,butnotregulated,byNATO.There �s thereforenoformalorcentral�sedNATOarmamentsplann�ngsystem.However, �norder tog�vegreatercoherenceandstructuretoco-operat�veefforts,twomajorPlann�ng/programm�ngsystemshavebeen�ntroduced�nNATO:Convent�onalArmamentsPlann�ng System (CAPS) and the Phased Armaments Programm�ng System(PAPS).

ArmamentsProgramming:PhasedArmamentsProgrammingSystem(PAPS) PAPS,wh�ch�spubl�shedasAAP-20,�sdes�gnedasatoolava�lableasrequ�red for conduct�ng programmes on a systemat�c bas�s. It should not beregardedasasetofformalandmandatorysteps�nthe�mplementat�onofCNADprojects.There �safin�teandfa�rlycons�stentnumberofm�lestones �n the l�feofaweaponsystemprogrammewherethenatureoftheprogrammechanges.At thesem�lestones,dec�s�onsmustbemaderegard�ngalternat�vecoursesofact�on.PAPS�s�ntendedtoprov�deastructuredapproachtodec�s�on-mak�ngatthesem�lestonesforallmanagementlevels�nvolved�nco-operat�veresearchanddevelopmentandproduct�onprogrammesw�th�nNATO.

PARTNERSHIPACTIVITIES TheCNAD�splay�nganact�veand�mportantrole�n�mplement�ngpract�calcooperat�onw�th�nthePfPframework.Someprom�s�ngareashavealreadybeen�dent�fiedwh�chprov�dethesubstanceforfutureco-operat�onact�v�t�es.Theseact�v�t�esarethefollow�ng:

- Ma�nta�n�ngandupgrad�ngage�ngtact�cala�rcraft(NAFAG);

- Sh�pdes�gn(NNAG);

- Ammun�t�onand�nterchangeab�l�ty(NAAG);

- Psycholog�calread�nessformult�nat�onaloperat�ons(RTB);and

- Cont�nuous Acqu�s�t�on and L�fe Cycle Support techn�cal standards(NATOCALSManagementBoard(NCMB)).

Partnersalsoneedtobeprov�dedw�thadd�t�onaltra�n�ngandass�stance�nwork�ngw�thNATOtechn�caldocumentat�onand,spec�fically,NATOstandards.To the extent poss�ble, CNAD PfP act�v�t�es are co-ord�nated w�th related co-operat�on�notherNATObod�es,andpart�cularlyw�ththeNATOStandard�sat�onAgency(NSA).

—178—

IndividualPartnershipProgrammes(IPAPs) Partnersdemonstrates�gn�ficant�nterest�nCNAD-sponsoredcooperat�onact�v�t�es,asshown�ntheIPAPs.

ProposaltoLaunchCNAD«PartnershipArmamentsProjects» The CNAD has developed a further �n�t�at�ve to offer opportun�t�es for�nterestedPartnerstoreappract�calbenefitsfromPfPco-operat�on�nthenear-term, by engag�ng �n selected small-scale co-operat�ve projects w�th NATOnat�onsand�ndustry.Th�sproposal,�fendorsedbytheNAC,shouldg�veNATO�ndustryan�ncent�vetoass�stPartners�nthedevelopmentofreal�st�cproposalsfornear-termprojects toadvance, �npart�cular, �nteroperab�l�tybetweenNATOandPartnerforce.

REFERENCESNATOHandbook

NATOFactsandF�gures

AAP-20 HandbookonthePhasedArmamentsPlann�ngSystem(PAPS)

AAP-27 Convent�onalArmamentsPlann�ngSystem(CAPS)-UsersHandbookandGu�dance

ANNEXESA NATOProjectSteer�ngComm�ttees


—179—

ANNEXAtoChapter13

ANNEX ANATOPROJECTSTEERINGCOMMITTEES

ADW AreaDefenceWeapon

AGS All�anceGroundSurve�llanceCapab�l�ty

BICES BattlefieldInformat�onCollect�on&Explo�tat�onSystem

CSNI Commun�cat�onsSystemsNetworkInteroperab�l�ty

DFD DataFus�onDemonstrator

F-16 F-16F�ghterA�rcraft

FORACS NATONavalForcesSensors&WeaponsAccuracyCheckS�tes

MIDS-LVT Mult�nat�onalInformat�onD�str�but�onSystem-LowVolumeTerm�nal

MILAN MILANAnt�-tankWeaponSystem

NCMB NATOCont�nuousAcqu�s�t�onandL�fe-CycleSupport(CALS)ManagementBoard

NILE NATOImprovementL�nk11

NIMIC NATOInsens�t�veMun�t�onsInformat�onCentre

NLRS Mult�pleLaunchRocketSystem

NMPA NATOMar�t�mePatrolA�rcraft

OTOMELARA OTOMELARA76/62CompactGun

SEAGNAT NATOSEAGNATSystem

SEASPARROW NATOSEASPARROWA�rDefenceM�ss�le

SINS LowCostInert�alNav�gat�onSystemsforSh�ps

TRIPARTITE (self-explanatory)

MINEHUNTER

V/SHORAD VeryShort/ShortRangeA�rDefenceSystems

—180—

ANNEXBtoChapter13


AIMS ArmamentsInformat�onManagementSystem


CALS Cont�nuousAcqu�s�t�onandL�feCycleSupport

CAPS Convent�onalArmamentsPlann�ngSystem



DIMS D�rectorIMS


IPAPs Ind�v�dualPartnersh�pProgrammes



NAAG NATOArmyArmamentsGroup



NADREPS Nat�onalArmamentsD�rectorsRepresentat�ves

NAFAG NATOA�rForceArmamentsGroup

NCMB NATOCALSManagementBoard

NACOSA NATOCISOperat�ngandSupportAgency



NC3A NATOC3Agency

NC3B NATOC3Board

NC3O NATOConsultat�on,CommandandControlOrgan�sat�on

NC3REPS Nat�onalC3Representat�ves

NIAG NATOIndustr�alAdv�soryGroup

—181—

NNAG NATONavalArmamentsGroup


PADP PanelonA�rDefencePh�losophy

PAPS PhasedArmamentsProgramm�ngSystem

PADW PanelonA�rDefenceWeapons

RTA ResearchandTechnologyAgency

RTB ResearchandTechnologyBoard


SCs Strateg�cCommand

—182—

—183—

CHAPTER 14IN-SERVICELOGISTICS

—184—

—185—

CHAPTER 14IN-SERVICELOGISTICS

“Understand that the foundation of an army is the belly. It is necessary to procure nourishment for the soldier wherever you assemble him

and whenever you wish to conduct him.”

- Frederick II of Prussia, 1747 -

INTRODUCTION In-Serv�ceLog�st�cs �sclosely related toProduct�onLog�st�csand �san�ntegralpartoftheSystemL�feCycleManagement(SLCM).Although�nserv�cesupport relates to those act�v�t�es requ�red to assure that weapon system/equ�pment �s ava�lable and fit for use, �t actually beg�ns w�th the dec�s�on tobr�ng the new system �nto the �nventory. In serv�ce log�st�c plann�ng starts attheoutsetofasystemdes�gn. It �scr�t�cal todeterm�ne thema�ntenanceandsupportconceptsasearlyasposs�blebecauseapprox�mately60%to80%ofadefencesystem’sTotalOwnersh�pCost(TOC)occurafterthatsystem�sput�ntooperat�on.More�mportantly,themagn�tudeofthatcost�sdeterm�neddur�ngthedes�gnanddevelopmentphase.Forthesereasons,thema�ntenanceandsupportconceptsneedtobedeterm�nedupfront.Th�sconcept�sknownasIntegratedLog�st�cSupport.

IntegratedLogisticSupport(ILS) ILS �s the del�berate �ntegrat�on of systems/equ�pment log�st�c supportcons�derat�ons �ntothesysteml�fecyclemanagementdur�ngtheoutsetof theprogramme/project.ILSprescr�besthatallelementsoflog�st�csupportbeplanned,acqu�red,testedandprov�ded�nat�melyandcost-effect�vemanner.NATOpol�cyspec�ficsthatallfinanc�alandotherresourcesrequ�redtoma�nta�noperat�onalava�lab�l�ty rece�ve equal emphas�s as those requ�red to ach�eve performanceobject�ves and t�mely equ�pment del�very. The SNLC developed ALP-10 onIntegratedLog�st�cSupport�n1991tosupporttheAll�ance’samb�t�on.

ILS�sstructuredaroundthel�fecyclemanagementmodeldeta�led�nthePhasedArmamentsProgramm�ngSystem(PAPS–seechapter13).Th�smodelportraysthetotall�fespanofasystem,commenc�ngw�thm�ss�on-needevaluat�onandextends through the �n-serv�cephase to �tseventuald�sengagement.Themodelappl�estobothcommonandjo�ntlyfundedprojects.

LogisticSupportAnalysis(LSA) LSA�sastructuredprocess�ntendedtodefine,analyseandquant�fylog�st�csupportrequ�rementsandto�nfluencedes�gnforsupportab�l�ty,throughoutsystemdevelopment. LSA stresses s�mpl�c�ty by �dent�fy�ng an opt�mal level of log�st�crequ�rements.Theobject�veofLSA�stoenableopt�mumsystemperformanceandava�lab�l�tyatm�n�muml�fecyclecost.LSA�sconductedonan �nteract�vebas�sthroughout the acqu�s�t�on cycle through the use of stud�es, trade-offs, serv�ceadv�ceandtestandevaluat�onlead�ngtosuccess�vedes�gnrefinement.

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Dur�ng des�gn, the analys�s �s or�ented towards ass�st�ng the des�gneng�neer�ng �n �ncorporat�ng log�st�c requ�rements �nto equ�pment des�gn.Th�s �ncludes �ncorporat�onof key log�st�c-relateddes�gnobject�ves, rel�ab�l�ty,ma�nta�nab�l�tyandtestab�l�ty.

As the project progresses, the LSA process concentrates on prov�d�ngdeta�led descr�pt�ons of spec�fic resources requ�red to support a systemthroughout�ts�n-serv�cephasebyprov�d�ngt�melyval�ddataforallareasofILS.Thatdata �sused toplan,acqu�reandpos�t�onsupport resources (personnel,fund�ng and mater�el) to ensure that deployed systems meet the�r ava�lab�l�tyrequ�rements.

Dur�ngthelaterproduct�onand�n-serv�cephasesoftheproject,feedbackdataareusedtorev�ewthecont�nu�ngval�d�tyofdatatoensurethatL�feCycleCost(LCC)plansarebe�ngreal�sed.

LifeCycleCosting(LCC) LCC�sthetotalsumofd�rect,�nd�rect,recurr�ng,non-recurr�ngandotherrelatedcosts�ncurred,orest�matedtobe�ncurred,�nthedes�gn,development,product�on, operat�ons, ma�ntenance and support of a major system over�tsant�c�pated l�fespan.LCCanalys�s �san �terat�veprocess thatstartsat thebeg�nn�ngoftheprogramme/projectl�fecycleandcont�nuesthroughoutthel�fecycleofthesystem.

NATOPRODUCTIONANDLOGISTICORGANISATIONS(NPLO) AnNPLO�sasubs�d�arybodycreatedw�th�ntheframeworkofNATOforthe�mplementat�onoftasksar�s�ngoutoftheTreaty,andtowh�chtheNorthAtlant�cCounc�l(NAC)grantsorgan�sat�onal,adm�n�strat�veandfinanc�al�ndependence.The NPLO �s establ�shed w�th a v�ew to meet�ng, to the best advantage, thecollect�verequ�rementsofpart�c�pat�ngnat�ons �n relevantfieldsofdes�gnanddevelopment,product�on,operat�onal log�st�csupportandmanagementunderthecond�t�onsagreed�n�tsCharter.AnNPLO�sopentoallNATOnat�onswhobecomememberstatesbys�gn�ngtheMemorandumofUnderstand�ng(MOU).AnNPLOnormallycons�stsof:

- aBoardofD�rectors(BOD),�nsomecasescalledaSteer�ngComm�ttee(SC),�sthegovern�ngbodyact�ngw�thregardtothecollect�ve�nterestsofmembernat�ons.Therepresentat�vesofeachmembernat�onrepresentthe�rnat�on’spol�t�cal,m�l�tary,econom�c,financ�alandtechn�cal�nterestsandfullypart�c�pate�ntheBODsdec�s�on-mak�ngprocess;

- subord�natecomm�ttee(s)establ�shedbytheBODasrequ�red;and

- anAgencythat�stheexecut�vemanag�ngbodyundertheauthor�tyofaGeneralManager.

Product�onLog�st�csOr�entedNPLOsare l�stedatAnnexA.ConsumerLog�st�cs Or�ented NPLOs cons�st of the NATO Ma�ntenance and SupplyOrgan�sat�on(NAMSOandtheCentralEuropeP�pel�neManagementOrgan�sat�on(CEPMO).Thelatter�saddressed�nChapters2and10.

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NATOMAINTENANCEANDSUPPLYORGANISATION(NAMSO) NAMSOand�tsagencyNAMSAaredescr�bed�nChapter2.

NAMSASPECIFICCO-OPERATIVELOGISTICPROJECTS

NATOLogisticStockExchange(NLSE) TheNATOLog�st�cStockExchange(NLSE)�sasetoftoolsdevelopedbyNAMSAtoass�stcustomersandsuppl�ers�nputt�ng�ntopract�cecooperat�velog�st�c concepts for �tem management and acqu�s�t�on. The system allowscustomerstoexchange�nformat�ononstockhold�ngs,arrangeforred�str�but�onofassets,�ncreaseglobalassetv�s�b�l�ty�nordertodeterm�nepresentandfuturerequ�rements. The overall object�ve �s to �mprove log�st�cs ava�lab�l�ty, ach�eveeconom�esofscaleands�mpl�fythesupplycha�nprocesses.

TheNLSE�nformat�onsystemplatformcons�stsofasetofdatabasesandaweb-based�nterfacewh�challows:

- report�ngandexchang�ngexcessassets;

- report�ngofarmedforces’�nventor�esto�mprovestockmanagement;

- assetpool�ngtoperm�tcommonstockmanagement;and

- process�ngofNATO-w�demutualemergencysupportrequests.

Customers w�sh�ng to use the NLSE d�rectly must subscr�be to theprov�s�onsoftheCOMMIT(CommonItemManagement)Partnersh�pAgreement– wh�ch establ�shes the legal framework necessary for the management ofcommonstocksandprescr�bestherulesforassetred�str�but�on.Th�sagreementhasthesamelegalbas�sasaweaponsystempartnersh�pagreement.

NATODepotandSupportSystem(NDSS) The NDSS �s a fully �ntegrated software package des�gned, developedandma�nta�nedbyNAMSA.Itcoversmostareasoflog�st�csupportsuchas�tem�dent�ficat�on,supply,ma�ntenanceandpropertyaccount�ng.TheNDSSoperates�nacl�ent-serverarch�tecture. Itsscalab�l�tyallows �t tobe �nstalled �nastandaloneworkstat�onor�nalocalareanetwork(LAN).

NAMSAass�sts�nthe�nstallat�onofthepackage,�frequ�red,�nclud�ngtheprocurementofthenecessaryhardware.NAMSAalsoprov�desuserandoperatortra�n�ngandtheserv�cesofaded�catedhelpdesk.

NATOAmmunitionDataBase(NADB) The NADB prov�des an author�tat�ve source of NATO ammun�t�on�nterchangeab�l�ty, techn�cal and log�st�c �nformat�ononCD.Users can search�nformat�on on NATO Stock Number (NSN), �tem name, ammun�t�on modelnumber,manufacturer,weapon,usernat�onandothercr�ter�a.

—188—

NATOPROJECTSTEERINGCOMMITTEES(NPSCs) NPSCsareestabl�shed�naccordancew�thproceduresforco-operat�on�nresearch,developmentandproduct�onofm�l�taryequ�pmentapprovedbytheCounc�l.Thereare20NPSCsthatreporttotheConferenceofNat�onalArmamentsD�rectors(CNAD)(seeAnnexA,Chapter13).

CO-OPERATIVELOGISTICTECHNIQUES There are a number of mater�el management techn�ques wh�ch areprerequ�s�tes for or support to the �ntroduct�on of co-operat�ve log�st�carrangements.

NATOCodificationSystem(NCS) TheNATOCod�ficat�onSystem(NCS)�saun�formandcommonsystemfor�dent�ficat�on,class�ficat�onandstocknumber�ngofItemsofSupply(IoS)ofusernat�ons,des�gned toach�evemax�mumeffect�veness �n log�st�cs supportandfac�l�tatemater�eldatamanagement.TheNCShasbeenagreedbyallAll�esandsponsorsnonNATOnat�ons�n�dent�fy�ngequ�pmentandsuppl�es.TheNCS�sgovernedbytheNATOGroupofNat�onalD�rectorsonCod�ficat�on(AC/135)–seechapter13and�mplementedbytheNat�onalCod�ficat�onBureau(NCB)ofeachusernat�on.

TheNATOCod�ficat�onSystemprov�desaccurate �nformat�onregard�ngthe�dent�tyofanIoS,perm�tsrecord�ngofthesourcesofsupplyandprov�desothermanagementdata.Ithelpssolvesupplymanagementproblemsbyprov�d�ngdatausersw�threadyaccesstoas�ngle,uptodatesource.

Theoperat�onalandeconom�cadvantagesforusersoftheNCSarethefollow�ng:

- enhancedopportun�t�esforstandard�sat�onand�nterchangeab�l�ty,byrecord�ngandreveal�ngtheun�quecharacter�st�csofIoS;

- accesstothefullrangeof�nformat�ononallIoS�ntheusers’�nventor�es,thus pool�ng resources and shar�ng the burden of acqu�r�ng spareparts and ma�nta�n�ng common equ�pment; m�n�m�ses the supplyrequ�rementforsparesandconsumablesforoperat�onaldeployment;

- perm�ts users to read�ly �dent�fy spares and/or subst�tutes for aweapon system thereby reduc�ng downt�me and support�ng forcemult�pl�cat�on;

- commonsupply languageunderstoodbyall users,wh�ch s�mpl�fiesthetechn�cald�aloguebetweenusers;

- computer technology foster�ng the record�ng, process�ng andtransm�ttalofIoSdata�naneffic�entanduserfr�endlymanner;

- greatereconom�esfortheusersresult�ngfromavo�d�ngthecreat�onofnewIoSforparts�dent�fiablethroughthedatabase;

- �mproveddeterm�nat�onofmater�elrequ�rementsandbudget�ng;

—189—

- effect�ve co-ord�nated procurement by el�m�nat�ng concurrentacqu�s�t�onandd�sposalof thesameIoS,consol�dat�ngorders fromseveraluserstobenefitfrompr�cereduct�onsonbulkpurchasesandv�s�b�l�tyofseveralpotent�alsourcesofsupply;and

- �nterchange/exchangeofassets,reduct�onof�nventor�es,warehous�ng,datama�ntenanceandpersonnel;and �mprovedd�sposalofsurplusandexcessmater�el.

TheGroupofNat�onalD�rectorsonCod�ficat�on(AC/135)oftenrequestsNAMSA, on a cost recovery bas�s, to carry out central cod�ficat�on supportact�v�t�es,wh�ch�ncludesthefollow�ngstand�ngserv�ces:

- funct�onalandtechn�calsupporttoAC/135;

- secretar�alsupport;

- managementofAC/135Publ�cat�onsandWebS�te;

- managementofCod�ficat�ondatatransm�ss�onanddataqual�ty;and

- managementoftheCD-ROMNATOMasterCatalogueofReferencesforLog�st�cs (NMCRL)wh�ch �saCD-ROM/DVDthatcompr�se16mNSN,31mPartNumbers,1.2mdataconcern�ngManufacturersandVendors(NCAGE)and23mUserReg�strat�ons.NAMSAalsomanagestheNATOMa�lboxSystem(MBS)allow�ngthetransferofdataamongthemembercountr�es.

REFERENCESNotava�lable.

ANNEXESA NATOProduct�onLog�st�cRelatedOrgan�stat�ons(NPLOs)


—190—

ANNEXAtoChapter14

ANNEX ANATOPRODUCTIONLOGISTICRELATEDORGANISATIONS(NPLOs)

NATO Helicopter for the 1990s (NH90) Design and Development,Production and Logistics Management Organisation (NAHEMO) w�th �tsAgency (NAHEMA) located at A�x-en-Provence, France. Member nat�ons areFrance,Germany,ItalyandtheUn�tedK�ngdom.

NATO Euro Fighter 2000 (EF 2000) and TORNADO Development,ProductionandLogisticsManagementOrganisation(NETMO)w�th�tsAgency(NETMA)locatedatUnterlach�ng,Germany.Membernat�onsareGermany,Italy,Spa�n(EF2000only),andtheUn�tedK�ngdom.

NATOMediumExtendedAirDefenceSystem,DesignandDevelopment,Production and Logistics Management Organisation (NAMEADSMO) w�th�tsAgency(NAMEADSMA)locatedatHuntsv�lle,Alabama�ntheUn�tedStates.Membernat�onsareGermany,Italy,andtheUn�tedStates.

NATO HAWK Production and Logistics Organisation (NHPLO) w�th�ts Management Office located at Rue�l-Malma�son, France. Member nat�onsare Belg�um, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands andNorway.

OtherNPLOsthatcompr�seallNATOnat�onsare:

NATOAirborneEarlyWarningandControlProgrammeManagementOrganisation (NAPMO) w�th �ts Agency (NAPMA) located at Brunssum, theNetherlands.

NATO Air Command and Control System (ACCS) ManagementOrganisation (NACMO) w�th �ts Agency (NACMA) located at Brussels,Belg�um.

NATOConsultation,CommandandControl(C3)Organisation(NC3O)w�th�tsAgency(NC3A)atBrussels,Belg�umandtheHague,theNetherlands.

—191—

ANNEXBtoChapter14


APM Ant�-PersonnelM�nes

CEPMO CentralEuropeP�pel�neManagementOrgan�sat�on

CIS Commun�cat�onandInformat�onSystems

COMMIT CommonItemManagement

CNAD ConferenceofNat�onalArmamentsD�rectors.

HLM HAWKLog�st�cManagement


IoS ItemsofSupply

LAN LocalAreaNetwork

LCC L�feCycleCost

LSA Log�st�cSupportAnalys�s


NAC NorthAtlant�cCounc�l

NCB Nat�onalCod�ficat�onBureau

NADB NATOAmmun�t�onDataBase


NDSS NATODepotandSupportSystem

NLSE NATOLog�st�cStockExchange

MBS NATOMa�lboxSystem



NMCRL NATOMasterCatalogueofReferencesforLog�st�cs

NPLO NATOProduct�onandLog�st�cOrgan�sat�ons

NPSCs NATOProjectSteer�ngComm�ttees

NSN NATOStockNumber


—192—

SC Steer�ngComm�ttee

SLCM SystemL�feCycleManagement

TOC TotalOwnersh�pCost

—193—

ACRONYMS USED

IN THIS HANDBOOK

—194—

—195—

ACRONYMS USED IN THIS HANDBOOK


ACCS A�rCommandandControlSystems

ACE All�edCommandEurope


ACROSS All�edCommandResourceOpt�m�sat�onSoftwareSystem

ACSP A�rcraftCross-Serv�c�ngProgramme



ADL All�edD�spos�t�onL�st


ADR AnnualDefenceRev�ew

AFLPs All�edFuelsLog�st�cPubl�cat�ons

AGARD Adv�soryGroupforAerospaceResearchandDevelopment

AHWG AdHocWork�ngGroup

AIMS ArmamentsInformat�onManagementSystem

AJP All�edJo�ntPubl�cat�ons

ALSSs AdvancedLog�st�cSupportS�tes

AMCC All�edMovementCo-ord�nat�onCentre

AMSCC AthensMult�nat�onalSeal�ftCo-ord�nat�onCentre

AOC AreaofCo-operat�on

AOO AreaofOperat�ons


AP All�edPubl�cat�on

APLs Ant�-PersonnelLandm�nes

APM Ant�-PersonnelM�nes

ARMYF&LWP ArmyFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty


AT A�rTransport

—196—

AVIATIONF&LWP Av�at�onFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty

AVT Appl�edVeh�cleTechnology

BDR BattleDamageRepa�r

B�-SCLCB B�-SCLog�st�cCo-ord�nat�onBoard

B�-SCM&TForum B�-SCMovementandTransportat�onForum

B�-SCMEDAG B�-SCMed�calAdv�soryGroup

BOA Bas�cOrder�ngArrangements

BOD BoardofD�rectors

C&RS Co-operat�on&Reg�onalSecur�tyD�v�s�on

CALS Cont�nuousAcqu�s�t�onandL�feCycleSupport

CAPC C�v�lAv�at�onPlann�ngComm�ttee

CAPCAT Capab�l�t�esCatalogue

CAPS Convent�onalArmamentsPlann�ngSystem


CE Cr�s�sEstabl�shment

CEPMA CentralEuropeanP�pel�neManagementAgency

CEPMO CentralEuropeanP�pel�neManagementOrgan�sat�on



CIS Commun�cat�onandInformat�onSystems

CJFLCC Comb�nedJo�ntForceLandComponentCommander

CJSOR Jo�ntStatementofRequ�rements


CLS ContractorLog�st�cSupport

CM ConsequenceManagement


COMCJTF CommanderCJTF


COMMIT CommonItemManagement

CONOP ConceptsofOperat�on

—197—

COP Cont�ngencyPlan

COR ConceptofRequ�rements

CP Capab�l�t�esPackage

CPG Comprehens�vePol�t�calGu�dance

CRD Commander’sRequ�redDate


CS CombatSupport

CSCE ConferenceforSecur�tyandCooperat�on�nEurope



C3 Consultat�on,CommandandControl

DCI DefenceCapab�l�t�esIn�t�at�ve

DCS DamageControlSurgery

DDP Deta�ledDeploymentPlan



DIMS D�rectorIMS

DJTF DeployableJo�ntTaskForce

DM Deployab�l�tyandMob�l�ty

DNBI D�seaseandNon-BattleInjury

DOS DaysofSupply


DPP DefencePol�cyandPlann�ng

DPQ DefencePlann�ngQuest�onna�re

DRC DefenceRev�ewComm�ttee

DRR DefenceRequ�rementRev�ew

EAC EuropeanA�rl�ftCentre

EAPC Euro-Atlant�cPartnersh�pCounc�l

EM Execut�veManagement

EOD Explos�veOrdnanceD�sposal

EODTIC NATOEODTechn�calInformat�onCentre

—198—

EU EuropeanUn�on

FLR ForcesofLowerRead�ness

FLSs ForwardLog�st�cS�tes

GBAD GroundBasedA�rDefence

GCC GulfCo-operat�onCountr�es

GOP GeneralOperat�onalPlans

GRF GraduatedRead�nessForces

HCCM Harmon�sat�on,Co-ord�nat�onandControlMechan�sm

HFM HumanFactorsandMed�c�nePanel

HLM HAWKLog�st�cManagement

HN HostNat�on


HQ Headquarters

HRF H�ghRead�nessForces

IC InfrastructureComm�ttee


ICIG IstanbulCo-operat�onIn�t�at�veGroup

IEL InfrastructureEng�neer�ngforLog�st�cs



INT Intell�genceD�v�s�on

IOs Internat�onalOrgan�sat�ons

IoS ItemsofSupply

IPAPs Ind�v�dualPartnersh�pProgrammes

IPC Industr�alPlann�ngComm�ttee


ISAF Internat�onalSecur�tyAss�stanceForce(Afghan�stan)

IT Informat�onTechnology

JFC Jo�ntForceCommand

JFCC Jo�ntForceComponentCommand

JHNSSC Jo�ntHNSSteer�ngComm�ttee

—199—

JHQ Jo�ntHeadquarters

JIAs Jo�ntImplementat�onArrangements

JLSG Jo�ntLog�st�cSupportGroup


JOA Jo�ntOperat�onsArea

JSB Jo�ntServ�ceBoard

LAN LocalAreaNetwork

LCB Log�st�csCoord�nat�onBoard

LCC L�feCycleCost

LCM L�feCycleManagement

LCS L�feCycleSupport

LLN Log�st�csLeadNat�on

LLTI LongLeadT�meItems

LN LeadNat�on

LOC L�nesofCommun�cat�on

LOGIMG Log�st�csInformat�onManagementGroup

LOGFS Log�st�cFunct�onalServ�ces

LOGFSIMWG Log�st�cFunct�onalServ�cesInformat�onManagementWork�ngGroup

LOGIS Log�st�csInformat�onSystem

LOGREP Log�st�cReport�ng

L&R Log�st�csandResourcesD�v�s�on

LRSN Log�st�csRoleSpec�al�stNat�on

LSA Log�st�cSupportAnalys�s

LSM Log�st�csStaffMeet�ng


M&TF MovementandTransportat�onForum


MBC M�l�taryBudgetComm�ttee

MBS NATOMa�lboxSystem


—200—

MCE Mult�nat�onalCommandElement

MCG Med�terraneanCo-operat�onGroup


MDWP Med�terraneanCo-operat�onWork�ngPlan

MEDAG Med�calAdv�soryGroup

MG M�n�ster�alGu�dance

MIMUs Mult�nat�onalIntegratedMed�calUn�ts


MJO MajorJo�ntOperat�on

MMRs M�n�mumM�l�taryRequ�rements

MNDDP Mult�-Nat�onalDeta�ledDeploymentPlan

MNLC(M) Mult�nat�onalLog�st�csCommand(Mar�t�me)

MNMF Mult�nat�onalMar�t�meForce


MPRE Mob�leP�pel�neRepa�rEqu�pment

MTFs Med�calTreatmentFac�l�t�es

MTIs M�l�taryTasksforInteroperab�l�ty

MTRP Med�um-TermResourcePlan

NAAG NATOArmyArmamentsGroup


NAC(R) Re�nforcedNorthAtlant�cCounc�l

NACC NorthAtlant�cCooperat�onCounc�l

NACMA NATOACCSManagementAgency

NACOSA NATOCISOperat�ngandSupportAgency

NADB NATOAmmun�t�onDataBase


NADREPS Nat�onalArmamentsD�rectorsRepresentat�ves

NAEW NATOA�rborneEarlyWarn�ng

NAFAG NATOA�rForceArmamentsGroup

NAMs NATOM�l�taryAuthor�t�es


—201—


NAVALF&LWP NavalFuelsandLubr�cantsWork�ngParty

NC3A NATOC3Agency

NC3B NATOC3Board

NC3O NATOConsultat�on,CommandandControlOrgan�sat�on

NC3REPS Nat�onalC3Representat�ves

NCB Nat�onalCod�ficat�onBureau

NCMB NATOCALSManagementBoard


NCSA NATOCommun�cat�onandInformat�onSystemsServ�cesAgency

NDMC NATODefenceManpowerComm�ttee

NDSS NATODepotandSupportSystem

NEPS NorthEuropeanP�pel�neSystem



NGOs Non-GovernmentalOrgan�sat�ons

NIAG NATOIndustr�alAdv�soryGroup

NLSE NATOLog�st�cStockExchange


NMCC Nat�onalMovementCo-ord�nat�onCentre

NMCRL NATOMasterCatalogueofReferencesforLog�st�cs

NNAG NATONavalArmamentsGroup


NPG NuclearPlann�ngGroup

NPLO NATOProduct�onandLog�st�cOrgan�sat�ons


NPSCs NATOProjectSteer�ngComm�ttees




—202—

NSE Nat�onalSupportElement


NSN NATOStockNumber


NSP NATOStandard�sat�onProgramme

NSSG NATOStandard�sat�onStaffGroup

NTM Not�cetoMove

NUC NATO-Ukra�neComm�ss�on

O&M Operat�onsandMa�ntenance

OCC Operat�onalCapab�l�t�esConcept

OPCON Operat�onalControl



OPS Operat�onsD�v�s�on

OSCE Organ�sat�onforSecur�tyandCooperat�on�nEurope

P&P Plans&Pol�cyD�v�s�on

PADP PanelonA�rDefencePh�losophy

PADW PanelonA�rDefenceWeapons


PARP Partnersh�pforPeacePlann�ngandRev�ewProcess

PASP Pol�t�calAffa�rsandSecur�tyPol�cy



PBOS Plann�ngBoardforOceanSh�pp�ng

PCC PragueCapab�l�t�esComm�tment

PDD Publ�cD�plomacy


PGs Partnersh�pGoals

PHE PetroleumHandl�ngEqu�pment

PHEWG PetroleumHandl�ngEqu�pmentWork�ngGroup

PMR Pr�nc�palM�l�taryRequ�rements

—203—

PMSC Pol�t�calM�l�tarySteer�ngComm�ttee


POL Petroleum,o�landlubr�cants

PPC PetroleumPlann�ngComm�ttee

PSOs PeaceSupportOperat�ons

RFPs RequestsforProposals

RIFB ReadyInv�tat�onsforB�d

ROM Restr�ct�onofMovement

RSN RoleSpec�al�stNat�ons


RTA ResearchandTechnologyAgency

RTB ResearchandTechnologyBoard


SACEUR SupremeAll�edCommanderEurope

SACLANT SupremeAll�edCommandAtlant�c

SACT SupremeAll�edCommanderTransformat�on

SALCC Strateg�cA�rL�ftCo-ord�nat�onCell

SALW SmallArmsandL�ghtWeapons

SC Steer�ngComm�ttee

SCC Seal�ftCo-ord�nat�onCentre

SCEPC Sen�orC�v�lEmergencyPlann�ngComm�ttee’s


SDOS StandardDaysofSupply

SFC S�ngleFuelConcept

SFP S�ngleFuelPol�cy

SG SecretaryGeneral

SGPLE Stand�ngGroupofPartnerLog�st�cExperts

SGLO SecretaryGeneral’sL�a�sonOfficer

SHAPE SupremeHeadquartersAll�edPowersEurope

SL Susta�nab�l�tyandLog�st�cs

SLCM SystemL�feCycleManagement

—204—

SN Send�ngNat�on


SNs Send�ngNat�ons


SOR StatementofRequ�rement


SPMII Susta�nmentPlann�ngModuleII

SPOW Sc�ent�ficProgrammeofWork

SRB Sen�orResourceBoard

STANAG NATOStandard�sat�onAgreement

TA Task�ngAuthor�t�es

TACO TheatreAll�edContract�ngOffice

TCN TroopContr�but�ngNat�on

TFHE Tact�calFuelHandl�ngEqu�pment


TOC TotalOwnersh�pCost

TTPs Tact�cs,Techn�quesandProcedures

UAV UnmannedAer�alVeh�cles

V&O NATOLog�st�csV�s�onandObject�ves

WMD WeaponsofMassDestruct�on