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NATIVE NAMES AND USES OF SOME PLANTS OF EASTERN GUATEMALA MiD HONDURAS.

By S. F. BLAKE.

INTRODUCTION.

In the spring of 1919 an Economic Survey Mission of the United States State Department, headed by the late Maj. Percy H. Ashmead, made a brief examination of the natural products and resources of the region lying between the Chamelec6n Valley in Honduras and the Motagua VaUey in Guatemala. Work was also done by the botanists of the expedition in the vicinity of Izabal on Lak .. Izaba!. Descriptions of the new species collected by the expedition, with a short account of its itinerary, have already been published by the writer,' and a number of the new forms have been illustrated. The present list is based · wholly on the data and specimens collected by the botanists and foresters of this expedition-H. Pittier, S. F. Blake, G. B. Gilbert, L. R. Stadtmiller, and H. N. Whitford-and no attempt has been made to incorporate data from other regions of Central America. Such information will be found chiefly in various papers published by Henry Pittier,' J. N. Rose,' and P. C. Standley.'

LIST OF NATIVE NAllES AND USES.

Acacia sp. CACHITO. eoaNIZuELO. ISCAN .... L. FAAACEJ..E.

Acacla sp. I....&GAR'l"O. SANPlWBANO. FABACE'·.

A tree up to 25 meters high and 45 em. to diameter. The wood is lISed for bunding. Acalypha sp. Co8TII I A DE PANTA. EUPHOllBlAc!:a.

'Contr. U. S. Not. Herb. 24: 1-32. pl •. 1-10, ,. 1-4. 1922 . • Ensayo oobre las plantas usuatee de Costa Rica. pp. 176, pk. 31. Wasbing­

ton, D. C., 1908. 'Notes on useful plants of Mexico, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 209-259. pll.

l!8-II4. 1899 . .. Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1-169. 1920. This

firat part includes Gletchentaceae to Betulaceae. The second part (Fagaceae to Fabaceae) I. In press.

87

88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Achiotillo. See Vi...'ttnia f erruginea. Achras chicle PJUier. NIsPERO. ZAPOTILLO (?). (PLATE 29.) SAPOTACEAL

A tall tree, wltb medlum-~Ized entire let! \'es and clusters or white flowers. This species. according to Mr. Pittier,' Is the source of most of the chicle used in the manufacture of chewing gum, rather than AchrdB zapata L.

gl'CPANATIO~ OP l'LATE 29.-A. chr08 chicle, (rom tbe type HI)('clroen, P(ttier 8537. Guate­mala. Natural 81le.

Aguacatillo. SLoe Phoebe arnblgen,. Alcatraz. See Ari8tOlochia gtgaB. AIell. See Ovnandrops-i8 speciosa. Almendro. See Lonchocan:ms izabalanu8. Amaranthus spinosus L. H UISQUIU .. "I'E. UISQUILETE.

A spiny ~reed, abundant in the tropics. Amate. See F4cu. cra88iu3cula.

AYARANTHACEAE.

Andira excelsa H. B. K . (1)· GUACAMAYO. FADACEAE. A tree up to 30 meters high and O.() meter In diameter. The wood Is usecl fot

fUrnitUre and for building. Andira inermis H. B. K. CHAPERNO. FABACF.AI!:.

The heart wood of this tree 18 very dark and tnkes a good po1fsh. Andropogon leucostachys H. B. K. Cor..A DE VENADO.

A grass with a plumy lnftorescence. Annona glabra L. ANONnJJl.

Anoda hastata Cav. MALVAVISCO.

POACEA&'

ANNONACEU.

MALVACUI:.

An bero with angled leaves. reddish along the midrib, and magenta flowers. The plant Is used to make a wash for venereal diseases. An6n de montafia.. See C1/1nbopetalttm .. p. Anonillo. See Annona ula bra. Ardisia sp. CAlfACO. MnS(NAC&AJD.

Aristolochla gigas IAndt. ALCATRAZ. C R U MPA. ABI8Tor.ocHIAC&AE.

A twiner with large 8ac~shoped lurid maroon flowers. the lower Up provided with a slender tail six inches long or mo~. Array'n. See Mvrica me~icana. Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muen. Arg. FUBT.1N DE VIItJA. APocTNACEAJ:.

Astronium (1) sp. CIBUI:LO. PA.LO OBEBO. RoN'B6N. ANACAllDIACEA.~.

A tree up to 3:5 meters high and a meter thick. The trunks are used for house posts. Baccharis rhexiofdes H . B. K . HAlUlA FINA. AS1ERACUJ:.

A leaning shrub, with smaH white downy pisttuate flower heads. Bactris sp. BmzcoYoL. PHO!:NICA.CIIUl.

A slender palm nbout :5 meters high, with a very spiny stem, and leaves about 1.5 meters long. The fruit Is said to be violet and edible. Balsa. Sre OchromG Mcolar. Baltlmora recta I.. MlRASOr.. ASTF.RACEAI!:.

A emaIl weedy yellow composIte. The name l1Hra.rolle used In Latin A.merlcan eountrips fOT many ditrerent yellow~ft owered composites. Barajo. S()'e Oas .. ta alata. Barba. :8.na. See Bacchati8 rhe~de, .

• Pittier, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 431-438. 1919 . • In a few cases the specific Identity of the specimens collected by the expedl~

Uoo is In doubt, owing to the imperfect condition of the material preserved. This iR Indtcated 10 the Ust by the addition ot a mark of ioterrogo.Uon to the scientific name.

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IlT.AKE-GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES.

Bal'basea. See Serjania me.ricana, Barrabas. See Vitez lonq(!TaCemo8a. Bayal. See Desmoncus sp. Bejueo chaparr6n. See Da'Vtlla kunthii. Bejuco comemano. See 0188U8 siC1/oide8. BejueD de culebra. See Manaevilla. auriculata. Bejuco de rat6n. See Stifl1114phullon mucronatum. Bejuco negro. See Cordia ferruuinea.

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BeHueia costaricensis Cogn.. MANZANO DE l(ONTANA. MELA81'OMATACEAE.

A trN'!, with clusters ot me<lium-si?:e<l pinkish white flowers on the branches, brOIl(l leRves, and edible fruits. Biophytum dendroides (H. B. K.) DC. CULANTBO DE pttDBA BLANCA •

OXALID&CE"E..

A low plant with a cluster of pinnate leaves and pinkish flowers. BorrajR. See Hellotropium indicutn. Barrerfa sp. YERBA DEL TORO. ROH(ACEAr..

A small berb with white flowers. The fresh infusion is drunk for di.seases ot women. BrosJmum terrabanum Plttler. MASICO. MOBACE AE,

A tree with milky juice. reaching a height of SO meters and a diameter ot a meter. Brosimum utile (H. B. K.) Pittier. PALO DE LECHE. MOBACE,F" Buchnera elongRta Swartz. FLOB DEL CIELO. SCBOI'HULARIACEAI!:,

A slender erect unbrancbed berb with violet fiowers, used to decorate altars. BUchnera lithospermifolia H . B. 1(. TnONERO DEL KONTE. SCBOI'HUl ,ARJACEA&

Like the last, but with white flowers. Heated and applied externally in bunches for headache.

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Buddleia americana L. HO.JA BLANCA. LoGANIACEAE. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC. NANct. MAI.PIGHIACE.U:.

A small tree with erect sptres of yellow flowers, turning orange in age. Fruit yellow and edible. Cachicahua. See lndioofcra lespedezioides. Cachito. S~ OalyptoCQ.,."ntS mali.!, also Acacia sp. CalAn, See (Jalllcoph1l11um candidisrimum. Calatbea insignia Peters. MOHAN. MA:aANTACE.&

An h erb with canna-like leaves and a terminal spike ot yellowish Jllnk 40wers inserted in thick conspicuously tw~ranked scales. Calliandra sp. SILE.

Calocarpum mammosnm (L.) Pierre. ZAPOTE.

A tree up to 25 meters high, about 45 cm. thick, With mUky sap. used in building.

FA84CUE.

SAPOTACItU.

The wood Is

Calophyllum SlJ. SANTA.1U.BIA. CLU8UCE'W:

A tJ'ee up to 30 meters high, nearly R meter thick, with R yellow sap. Wood used (oJ' ties and general building purposes. Calycophyllnrn candidiuimum DC. CAJ.AW. Calyptocarpus vialis Less. C ACBlTO. _

A small yellow composite with two-spined fruits. Camaco. See A rdilia sp. Cafia de Cristo. See C08t1U cylindricu8. Cafiaflstola. See Caa,i,a. /f8tula. Cafiamito. See Sidero"llion ('> sp. Canllla de pajull. See C ..... ea sp. CanUla de pavao See PolVUOnum punctatum.

89329---22 2

RUBU,(il:U!

ASTEIlACEAIi.

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90 CONTRIBUTIONS llROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Caoba. See S1Oi.etenia macrophvlla. Capriola dactylon (I..) Kuntze. PEW DE lIACHO.

A small widely distributed grass. Carb6n colorado. See CU1Jania macrophvll-a. Carboncillo. See Mata1lba (') sp. Caricillo. See T.~chacmurn laHfoUunI" Ca.rizo. See La8iads sorohoidea.

PO"t:J'.Af' ..

Casearia corymbosa H. B. K. VARA BI.ANCA. }I'LACOURTIACf:AE.

A small tl'ee with close clusters of white flowers. Cassia alata h nARAJO. (PL.-\TE ~O.) FADACJUE.

A shrub with yellow flowers, forming a duster of radiating pods in fruit. An InfUsion of the root is used for rheumatism, and is also a powerful drastic.

EXI'LA~ATION' OP' l'LATJil 30.-Ca.8ia alain, from Palmer 201 (le8.ves), Mexico, nnd Ooo k cE DOl/h: 48 (fruit). Custa. Ricn, Natural size.

Cassia fistula L . CANAFfsTOLA. FABACEA~

A tree with simply pinnate leaves nnd drooping racemes of large yellow flowers. An infus ion of the beans is used as a medicine for fevers. Cassia laevigata WiUd. FRtJOLILLO. FABACEAE.

An berb with yellow flowers. The seeds are used for coffee. The plant is stenmed and applied to the body for sickness, especially In women. Cassia tora L. E.IOTIL

Castilla falla%. Cook. HULl!: CHIBRIO. TUNO. CRulote. See Gvazuma ulmifolia. Cecropia ep. GUARUMO.

Cedrela longipes Bla ke. C!:DRO.

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A tree up to nenrly 30 meters high Rnd 0.8 meter In diameter. used for furniture Rnd for bonse building. Cedro. See Cedrela longipeR. Celblllo. See ZanthoZ1l/um .p. Cenieero. See lre,me arbu .. cula. Cerezo. See .Miconia 8~1tlimii. also Neea P&yc1totriotde&. Chaeotote. See Croton repen8.

FABACEAE.

:MonAcEAE •

MORACEAZ.

MELtACEAE.

The wood' is

Chamaedorea eoneolor Mart. PACAYA.

Chamaedorea ernst1-augustf Wendl. PA.CAYA. GUARtTA.

Chaparro. See auratella americana..

PH OENICACE AII'!.

PHOENrCA<':EAE.

Chapemo. See Andira inenni3. ChaptaUa nubnB (L.) Polak. VAI.DIANA. AsT!:BAcu&.

A composite with a tuft ot basal leaveE'l, green nbove and wbit,e.wooUy beneAth. and one or two long-stalked beads with reddish-purple rays and creamy center. The root Is used medicinally. Chapupo. See Ta1)emaemontana ambIt/b""ta. Chelonanthus aeutangulus (Rutz & Pav.) Gilg. TABAQUILLO. 02NTUl'fACI!U:.

A tall hf>rb with ~reen tubular flowers, found only In the mountains. Chiehipate. See Sweetia panamensis. Chlehip1:n. See H amelia. erecta. Chllo dol monto. See 81"""""""",, ... lIP. Chilillo. See Polllgon1Lm p"nctattcm. ChipiUn de la montana. See Crotala.tia &agittali&. Chirc&.. See Croton ciliato-glandu.lo8u8, also C . .xalapemu. Chloropbora tinctoria (L.) Gnud. MORA.

A spnrsf>ly SI)jny tree up to 20 meters high, used 88 8 dyewood. Chozo. See Licmaa hyp()lC1u~a.

MOUct&E.

BLAKE-GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 91

Chrysobala.nus ieaco L. ICACO. ROBACr:,Ap:, A tree with white flowers, roundish veiny leaves, and blue-black plumlike

.fruits 1.5 to 2 em. long, their flesh edible, sweetish but without specIal flavor. Chumpa. See Ari.ttorochia. gigas. Ciega vista. See Croton ciliato-glandulo81U. Ciruelo. Hee Astronium (?) sp. Cissus sicyoides L. BEJUCO COllEMANO. VITACEAJ:.

A vine with inconspicuolls greenish flowers. u.sed for washing clothes. Citrus aurantiifolia (Cbristm.) Swingle. Ln&:6N. lluTAcEAP.:. Clusia utilis Blnke.' QUIEBRA:MUEI..A. OLUSIACEA.J:.

A shrub 6 meters high, growing a long the shore of Lake IzabaJ, with thick obovate leaves and rosy white flowers. The fnlit is green, tinged with maroon; the seeds are surrounded by an orange arl1. The butTy yellow juice of the fruit Is administered on cotton for toothache. The :truit, cut across, is llsed by the Indians to stamp clothes, making n 6 or 7·rayed starlike figure of It permanent brown or blackish brown. Coj6n de gato. See Tabcrnaemontana amblybkuta, also 7'hevetia plumeriae·

folw·, Coj6n de mico. See Takrnaemontana amblybZasta. Cola de marrano. See PUhecoUol/imn arboreum. Cola de mico. See Pithecollobitl.1n arboreum. Cola de venado. See Lindrof)O{ftm leuoo8tach:Y8. also Lariaci8 11rOCel'1'hna·. Comida de paloma. See Lantana camara. Compsoneura sprucei (A. DC.) Wnrb. SANGRE. MYBISTICACEAK.

A small tree, up to 8 meters high. '.rhp. bArk contains a red sap. Contamal. See Guazuma tdmifoua, also Luehea 8eem.annii. Con tonron. See Luehea 8eemanni£. Contrayerba. See Dorstenia contrajerva. houstom, also D. drakena. Cordia ferruginea Room. & Schult. BEJUCO NEGRO. BOBA.QINACEU.

Cordia geraseanthuB L. LAUBEL. BORAOINACEA.E.

A tree up to 25 meters high and 50 ern. In diameter. The wood Is used :tor •

ties and general construction. Cordon. See Piper f'OltrU. Cordoncillo. See Piper aduncum, P. donnell-8mithU, and P. jalapen'6. Corn1zuelo. See Acacia sp. Cornutia. pyramidata L HOJ'A DE ZOPE. VltRBENACEAS.

Cortez. See Tccoma sp. Costilla de danta. See Acalypha sp. Costus cylindricus Roscoe. CA:lA DE C1uSTO. ZINOIBER.A.CE.&!:.

An herb with broad leaves and a thick spike ot orange-red dowers. Crotalaria sagittalis L. CHIPILfN DE LA )lONTANA. F ABACE.U:.

An herb with simple leaves, yellow flowers, and .. rattle~box .. fruit. Croton ciUato-glandulosU8 Ort. CHIBCA. CI!:GA VISTA.. EUPHOBBlACP.:A.l" ..

The glandulnr hairs ot the leaves and stem ot thllil spedes adhere to the handS and injure the eyes when introduced. Croton draco Schlecht. SANGRE DE DRAGO. EUPHOBBIACEAlt.

Croton repens Schlecht. CUACOTO'l'It. EUPBOBBJA..CEA.L

The root is used lor stomach troubles. Croton xalapensis H. B. K. CH1RCA. EUPHOBBIACP'..AlC.

Crusea sp. CANILl.A DE PA.TUfL RUUIACE.U:.

An herb wtth violet flowers. Dovefl are said to eat the lMltt. Cuaulote. See Guazutna. ulmitolia.

'For 1llustraUoD see Contr. U. S. Nnt. Herb. 24: pl . .f. 1922.

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92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Cuje. See Inga spurw. Culantrillo. See Dichromena mdlcans, also Pectis bonplandiana. Culantro de piedra blanca. See Biophytu11l, dcndrmde~1. Cupania macrophylla A. Rich. CAllS()N (..'OLORADO.

A tree up to 10 meters higb and 20 em. in diameter. Cura~gusano. See Tridax procumbens. Cura-mesquino. See Ell,phorbia brasiliemi8. Curatella americana L. OHAPARRO. Cuturo. Sfle riper aduncwn and P. rohrli. Cuturo negro. See Piper rohrU and Piper sp.

SA.PINDACEAE.

DILLENlA.CEAE.

Cydish. pubeseens Blake. ITo. BIGNONtACEAE. Cymbopetalum penduliftorum (Dunal) noill. ANON J)lo; MONTAJ';TA.

ANNONA(':EAE.

A tree 12 to 18 meters blgh. the bark furnishing a goorl ropl'. Davilla kunthii St. Hil. RF...TUCO CHAPAIU16 N. DJLLENIACEAE.

A "'ine with roundish very rough leaves. In fruit the Jnner sepnls ure Indu­rated and closely approximated, simulating a CApsule. Decazyx macrophyllus Plttier & Blake.' MANGLE. RU1'ACEAE.

A large tree common abollt Los Ranchos. HonduruR. with lnrge entire dotted leaves and small white flowers. The wood is used for buUding. Desmoncus sp. BAYAL. PHOl!:NICACEAE.

DiaUum divaricatum V :lhl. T.\lL\IUNOO. TUfAKINDO PR1F.TO. }l"'AHA(;EAF ..

A tree up to SO meters blgh, 0.6 meter In dlameter. \Vood used for ties. posts, bridges, and houses. Dlchromena radicans Cham. & Schlecht. CULANTRILLO. CYPERA CEAE.

A grasslike herb with white-based involucral leaves. Dioclea refieI8 Hook. f. O.TO DE MONO. FABACEAE. Dollcholus phaseoloides (Swartz) Kuntze. FRtrrA DE PITn..LO. FAUACUr!.

A twiner with red nnd black seeds. Doradlllo. See AI yrcia (') gp. Dorstenia contrajerva houatoni L. CoNTJlAtERBA. MOBACJ:U:,

An herb with arrow-shaped basal leaves and a crisped green yellow-bordered receptacle bearing t.he tiny crowded flowers. An infUSion of the root Is used for conghs and stomach troubles. Dorstenia drakena I.... CoNTRA YERBA.. l\IOB.ACEAJI!.

The Infusion is used tor stomach troublel. Drago. See Virola merendonu. Echites microcalyx A. DC. FLOB DEL lUCO.

A twiner with oran,C"e-y~l1ow flowers. Ech'Cia. See Euphorbia heter-opAlIlla. Ejotil. See CaBBia tora.

A.pocYNACEA1C.

Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose. PALO CHINO. PAW .nOTY-. BUnSER,4.CEAE.

A tree up to 20 mpters high, 0.5 meter in diameter, with milky juloo. The wood is used for making charcoal. Eleocharis sulcata (Roth) Nees. 'l'ULE C1I1QUI'ro. CYPEKACF.A1

Elephantopus hypomalacus Blake. Ou.u. DX coeR!:. ASTE.RACr:AE.

Raid to be a good fodder plant. Encino. Ree T,iconia arborea, also Quercu, citNfoUa. Eneldo de montana. See Sal1Jia tiUaefolfo .

• lro1' iIIustrntton see C<lntr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: pt 3. l.922.

BLAKE-GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 93

Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Swartz) Grlseb. GU.&.l'UCABTE. F ABACE+E, A tree up to 30 meters high, 1 meter thick, with large e8r~shaped pods. Wood

used tor houses and turnitnre. Epidendrum iragrans Swartz. LIRIO. OBCHIDACEAE.

This nnd the following species belong to a large genus of bright-COlored epipby. tic orchids. Epidendrum varico8um Batem. LIBIO. Eriosema dUfusum (B. B. K.) O. Don. GUAPILLO.

An herb with trlfoUolate leaves ann yellow flowers. drunk tor diseases ot women. Escorzonera de JlquUite. See Tftdigofera /espetJe:ri<Hdu.

OaCHmACEU.

F ABAC&AII:.

The fresh Infusion is

Eupatorium pycnocephalnm J ... (>88. Tt. A8TnACEAE. A composite with lavender flowers. I,eaves llSed to make a sudorific tea.

Euphorbia brasilip.nsis LRm. CVRA·)fF.:SQtnNO. EU}>HORBIACFAE.

Euphorbia heterophyUa L. };;CHUA. EUPHORBIACEAE. An herb with the Oppel' If'RYeS more or Jess blotched with red. The infuslon

is taken for tliseases of the chest. Ficus costarlcana (I..lehm.) Mlquel. Hwo. Ficus crassiuseula Warb. AlSATJI!. Ficus hemsleyana StandI. MATAPAJ..O.

One of the strangler figs. Flor de In vida. See Melantli era hastifoUa. Flor del cielo. See Buchnera elongata. Flor del mico. See Echitc, mlcrorolvr. Flor del tamiz. See Polvuala pa Judosa. Frijol de venado. See Plta&eOlU8 :ralapen8u. Frijollllo. See Caula laev/gata. Fruta de pitil1o. See DoUcholus phaseoloides. F~8tAn de vieja. See Alpidollpcrma megalooorj)OfJ. Granadilla de montana. St"e l're.~t(mi(£ macrocarpa. GranadiUo del monte. See Pasatjtora cotiacea. Guaeamayo. See Andira ezce18a (t). Guambo. See Phoebe ambigCfl.4. Guamo. See lnoa "P1uia. Guamo mero. See [noa sp. Guamo paterno. See [nga sp. Guanacaste. See Enterolobi-um cllclooorpmn . Guano. See Ochroma btealor. GuapUlo. See Enole",a di!JU8Ufn. Guapinol. See HlImenaea courbarU. Guarumo. See Cecropia Bp. Guarumo de montana. See Pouronma Glpero.. Guayabo de sabana. See PBidlum guajava.

• MORACEAE •

MORACRAI:.

MORAC .. :AE,

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. C.\ULOTE._ CoNTA)lAL. CUAULOTJ.:. TAPACUl.O. STEltCOIUClUJ;.

A tfre with small white fragrant flowers. Gynandropsis speei08a CH. B. K.) DC. ALY.Lf. CAPPAxmAcu&,

Bamelia ereeta J9.cq. CRlCRrptN. RURIACEAL A 8lcnrler shruh or tree with Ofange-rN} 11 0WPfS. The leaves afp. mashed and

put on cuts. a use doubtless suJ,tgeRte{} by the color of tbe flowers. Heistena media Blake. PATE ~(ACriO. OUCAcr:n:

Helicteres guazumaetolia H. B. K. PAW DE CAPUT.fN. 81 ERClnrACE..U:.

A flhrub with sh·mder tubular ~nlmon-rNl fl.ower~.

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94 CONrRIBUTIONS "'ROM THE )lArIONAL HERBARIUM,

Heliotropium indicum L. BORlt.UA. Riga. Sel' Ficus cO~'flricana. Baja. blanca. Sf!(' Ihlddleia america·na. Baja de zope, S('c Cornutia pvramida.ta. Bomolepis aturensis (H. B. K.) Chase. "' . ".RUiO DE UONTANA.

Xorllligo. See Platllm,jscillm lJolllstuch.ymn.. Hulsquilete. See Ama-ratl thu.! &pin08U8. Huizcoyol. St'e Rod ri.<'1 ~('J.

Rule chirno. See Cas'illa faUnx. Hunierpa. S('e PipeI' au'ritum GmpHtollum·, Hymenaea courbaril L. GUAPJNOL. PAUTO COLORADO.

A tree up to 10 nwters hIgh.

BORAOINACEAJr.

l'(IACEAE,

FARACEAK.

Hymenocallis littornlis (Jncq.) Kulish. J...IRIO BL.'t.NCO. AUA,RYLLIDACEAF,.

An l1<'rl> growing In low savannas, with a clnstf'f ot flower8 1lke an Easter lily, (h-oWIl to SOUle extent for decoration. Hyptis verticillata .THe(}. VERDEN},. MENTH ACltA£.

A shrub, with whiti sh ratber fragrant flowers. Used for stomacb troubles. I~aco. 8f'e Chry8obalanu8 leaco. Indigofera lespedezioides H. B. K. CACHICAHVA. F.sconZO.~EB"" DE JIQUILITE.

FADACEAE.

An hel'h with mostly 5·foliolate lellves nnd amaH salmon flowers. Used for stomach trollbles. Inga spuria (Polr.) Humh. & BonpT. CuJE. GUAMO.

A trcc with whitf" flower!:'. The frna said to be gree_nlsh, half a FABACE .... F..

meter long, ('ate-I) wl1(:'n fresh. Inga sp. GUAl!O ){ERO. GUAKO PATERNO. FABACKAE.

Ingerto de montafta. See LUC1Utla. laete,;iridi8. Iresine arbuscula Uline & Bruy. CEN(Ct:RO. AlIAILANTHACP'..u:..

A t l'«'£' with white odorous fiowf'l's. The wood Is burned Hlltl t.he cinders used for sonp making. Iscanal. See Aoacia sp. Ischaemum latitolium (Spreng.) Kunth. CABIC1LLO. PO-ACJl:A&'

Isote. See Yucca a.loifolia (t). Ito. See Cvdista pubcscen8. Jatropha curcas I~. PIN6N.

Jocomico. Sf>e Rheedia intermedia .. J ocote de mica. See Rhcedia internwdia. Jussiaea suifruticosa L.

EUPHOBRJACEAE.

OR AGaACEA"E.

An herb with yellow 4-pet.alIpfl flnwf'l's. An Infu!;Ilon of thf' plant is usf?(} tor pains In the stomn<'h Rnd hen(l. Juste. SeE'! Ra.ptmn sp. Lagarto. St'e Acacia sp .. also Z(J"tlto~Jlum sp. Lanillo. See Ocltroma Meolor. I·antana camara I., CoXroA Dr. PAloOKA. V!:RBr.NACEAE.

Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hltchc. COT.A DE YEN ADO. POACUE.

A grp~<j: with hroarl It-aves Rnd a large panlde. looking mucb like sorghum. Laslacis Borghoidea (Desv.) Hltchc. & Chltse. CABI7.0. POA('EAE.

A dhllhlng: grlU'H. Laurel. See Cordia gera8canthus. Lechuga de agua. See Pontederia rotuftdtfoUa. Lican!a arborea Seem. ENCINO.

A. tree up to 20 meters high. Lieania h:rpoleu.ca Benth. CHOZO.

R08ACEA.,

ROBA(,EAE.

BLAKE GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES.

Lieani. platypus (Hewsl.) lj'ritscb. SUNCO (Guatemala). URA-CO (Honduras).

Llm6n. Soo OitrulJ aurantiifolia. Lippla umbellata Cav. SECA-LEeH£.

Liquldambar. See Liquidatnbar .tvraciflua. - Liquidambar smacillua L. LIQUJDAMBAR.

The tree is lapped for the resin, and the wood is used purposes, Reaches a height of 30 meters or more. Lirio. See EzHdendrum fragTanB and E. varico8Utn" Lino blanco. See HlIntenucaUis HUm'aU,. LlalIo. See I .. uehea sooman1lii.

ROSACEAII:.

HAN:AKELIDACEAE.

tor general builtliug

Lonchocarpus bahalanus Blake. ALMENDRO. !i'ABACEA£. • Lucuma laeteviridis PUtter. INGERTO DE MO;>;TANA. ZAPOTILLO CALENTUBIENTO.

SAPOTACEAE.

Luehea seemanoll Triana & Planch. CONTAlfAr" CONroNBON. LLA.LLO.

TILIACEA.II:.

A tree up to 25 weters high, 0.5 meter in diameter. Lycopersicum esculentum cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray. TOKATE.

SOLANACKA,E.

A smat.U wild tomato, its fruit red when ripe, about the size of a cherry, I':IOld in the ruarkets at Los Amates lind elsewhere. Macuelizo. See Teoo71l.a ven'apAvUa. Jlalacapa. See Zan'h-ozlIluJII, sp. Malvaviseo. See Anoda Ita-data. Mandevilla auriculata (Stadelm.) K. Sell. BEJUCO DJ: CUn,BBA. APooYNACE,t,C

Mangle. See Deooz'l/z 11HlC1'ophVlltu. Kano de le6n. See Sterculia carthagincIl8i,. also Tecoma pentaph'JIlia. Manzenilla. See Ximenia americana. Manzano de monta.ia. See Bell'Ucia coslmicen6i3. Kasieo. See BrOlim'Ul11- terrabonum. Katapalo. See F(cull heuI-,Zeyana. Kata)"ba (?) sp. CABBONCI'LLO.

A large tree with white flowers. lItIedia-Iuna. See Pau'ftora coriacea. Keibomia axillaris (Swartz) Kuntze. MOZOTE. Keibomia &Clorpiurua (Swartz) KUNTZE. PWAPJ:GA.

The Infu8ion 18 taken for fevers. :Meibomia euplna (Swartz) Britton. MoZOTB:. M()Z()ft Al'fCBO.

Used tor fodder. TJle infusion is drunk for gonorrboea.

SAPINDACIUK,

}'ABACB:AL

F.6.B.6.0&A&.

SACAT& BUCBo. I',.,,..t.

Keibomia tri1lora (L.) Kuntze. PLATt F48",0CA&.

A prostrate plant with violet flowers. The inlusion fa takeo for Itomam troubles. Kel.other. haetitolia Blake,' FLOB. DE LA \lIDA.

:Melanthera oive. (L.) Small. YEB.BA DEL CABALLO.

An herb wltb white button-like heads, furnishing good fodder for horses, _iconia lacera (Bonpl.) Naud. SIRfN. MauTOKATACEAg

The name shin is apIJUed indiscriminately to the smaller members of this family . • ieonia schUmU Triana. CEBF--zo. MELASTOKAT"'CJ:.l1l!;

• For lllustruUou see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: fig. 3. 1922.

•

•

96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE :-IATION AL HERBARIUM,

Mimosa pudica L. PUT.&. VIEJA. FABACEAE. An herbaceous sens itive plant with pInkish-white buttoll-like beads. The in­

fusion Is taken for gonorrhoea. Mimosa ap. ZABZA DE Bfo. FABACEA};. M1rasol. See Baltimora r ecta. M6han. See Caiathea insigniB. Mora. Sec Chlorophora ti nctoria. Moro. See Quararibaea s}). Mozote. See M eibomia axillaris and M . 8upina. Mozote sncha. See Meibomia Bupina. Myreia ( 1) sp. DoRADll.W. },fYBTACUL

A n ee with opposite entire dotted leaves. the t imber used for houses. Myrica mexicana W1lId. ARBAyAN. MYRICACJCU.

A shrub with white waxy berries, which nre used for making candles. Nand. See BlIrsonim·a crassifolia. Naranjo. See T(~1'mi1taUa SI •. Neea psychotrioides Donn. Sm. CEREZO. NYCTAGINACEAE.

A shrub with purplish·red inedible fruits. Neurolaena lobata ( L.) R. Br. TnESPU NTAS. (PL ATE 81.) ASTDAC&AE.

An ht!rb about 10 feet high, with th .. ~-Iobed leaves and yellow beads. Tbe Infusion is taken, a cup every morning, for fever and stomach troubles.

E XJ>l,ANATION 01' Pr.ATE 31.- :Veurolae1la lobata, from Curti.., 403, lele ot Pines. Natu­

ral size,

Ntspero, See Achras chicle. Ochroma bicolor Rowl~. BALSA. GUAN O. LANILJ.o. PAJ.O DE BALSA. TAMnOB.

BOILBACACEAE.

A l ree up to 25 meters h !;.:h. 0.8 meter in diameter. The \'ery light wood is used tor rafts. Ocote (pino). See Pinus oocarpa.. Ojo de mono. See Dioclea r ejf,e(ta. Oreja de coche. See Elepha.ntopu8 hypomalaC'tU. Pacaya. See Chmnaedorea concolor. Pacaya guarita. See Chamaedorea. ernaU·augu.sti. Pachtra macrocarpa Walp. ZA..P0T6N. Palacio. See Zuelania sp. Pallto blanco. See Pithecolob4llm cogllatum (f).

PaJito colorado. See HVmenaea co'UrbarU. Palo chino. See Elaphrfum 3ima.ruba. Palo de balsa. See Ochroma bicolor. Palo de capulln. See H eUctere8 guaztl1114efoU6. Palo de leche. See BrOsim'Um 'Utile. Palo jiote. See Elaph-rium 8imaruoo. Palo obero. See Astroni'Um (f) sp. Panicum pulchellum Raddl.

A grass used to make pillows.

BOILDACACLUt.

POACItAE.

Passitlora coriacea Juss, G RANAonLO DF.T, MONTE, MEDrA-r.UNA.

P.A881FtoRACEA~

A twining passion flower, with leathery half-moon-shaperl leaves. An infu­sion of the seeds is USM to Idll .. chuchus," an unidentified insect. Pate macho. See Heisterta media. Peetis bonplandiana H . B . K, CULANTlLlU.o.

A small yellow composite with dott.ed leaves. women's diseases.

ASTEBACE'·

The Infusion Is taken for

•

BLAKE GUATEMAI.AN PLANT NAMES. 97

Pegapega. See Mefbomia 8corpiuru8. Pelo de macho. See Caprlola aactlllon. Phaseolus :z:alapensis H. B. K. FmJOL DE VltNADO. FDA-c .... Phoebe ambigens Blake/' AOUACATILLO. GUAK80. LAUB.ACEAE.

A tree up to 80 meters high and a rueter thick, the wood used for boards. Pino. See Pi'l U8 oocarpa. Pinon. See Ja.fropha curcas. Pinus oocarpa Schlede. OCOTE (PINO). PINO. PINA.CEAE.

Wood used for houses and for firewood. Piojillo. St..>e Sal-via tiUaefoUa. Piper aduncum L. CORDO~CILLO. CUTUIlO. PIPZu'CrAE.

The leaves of this species are mashed in water and used as a wash for mange In (Jogs; the spikes ure used as a flavoring tor fish. Piper auritum amplifoltum C. 00. HUNIEBPA. SANTAMARIA. (PLATE 82.)

The broad len ves have a strong sassafras or sarsaparllla odor, and are used to make a refr(!shing tea; the spIkes of flowers are used to season fiBh.

EXPLANATION 0" PLATI!l 32.-Piper auritum (Jm'Hfo"um~ froJD 814"6 7639, Guatemala. Natural size.

Piper donnell~smithi1 C. DC. CORDONCILLQ. PIPEIl.4. CEAF..

Piper jalapense C. DC. eoBOONCILLO. PlhUOUE,

Piper rohril C. DC. CoRDON. CUlUBO. CUTURO NEGRO. PrPERACE.lE.

Used for wtlsbing wounds. Piper sp. CUTURO NEGRO. PlPEBACEo\E.

The ashes are used for soap· making. Pithecollobium arborenm (L.) Urban. CoLA DE IlAaUNO. CoLA Dit IlICO •

• QUEDRAClfO. FABACJ;A.E.

A tree up to 40 meters high. The wood Is used for posts and houses. Pithecollobium cognatum Beoth.(?) P..A.!.ITO BLANCO. FABA.CEAJ:.

PithecollobluDl sp. YAGUAY. F.ABACEAE.

This tree furnishes a fine-grained hard Wood, taking a good polish, but it is not of large size. Platt See Metbomta t"/lora. Platymiscium polystachyum Renth. HOB.¥IGO. FABAc r;·u:.

A very important timber tree, up to 30 meters high and n meter in diameter. The wood Is used tor house posts nnd rallrond ties. Plumajillo. See Schizolobfum kellermani. Polygala paludosa St. Hit. Fr..oB D"". TA1UZ. polygoOllm puoetatum Ell. CANIl.LA DE PAVAo CUILIUO.

Tbe leaves are used to make a wash tot.' maDgy dogs.

POLTon 'CZU :

POLTOONACI"·

Pontederia rotundifolia L. f . LECHUGA DE AOUA. PONTWt:l.TACEAK

A water herb. with heart-shaped leaves and spikes ot pale Javender flowers.

,

Pourouma Aspera Tr~c. GUARU)(O DE MONTd.... MouCK'm. Prestonia macrocarpa Hernsl. GBANAJ)ILLA DE 1I0NT..uiA.. APocYNACIj+J:.

psidJnm guajava L. GVAYA.80 DE SABA.NA. MYBTAep:U! This tree or shrub furnishes the well-known edible guava truit.

Put. vieJa. See Mimosa pu4ica. Quararibaea sp. MORa. BOXBA.CACC+E.

The wood ot this tree Is used for making ox-yokes. The leaves have a fTal"~

ranee like that ot slippery elm.

If For llIustratlon see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: pl. I. 1922.

•

98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Quebracho. See PHh l'Collobiu1Jl a1"lIO,.CUm, olso Term;nalifL "'p. Quercus brachysta-chys Benth. ROBLE.

Quercus citrifolia Li~blll . ENCINO.

Quercus oleoides Cham. & Schlecht. ROllLECITO. Quiebramuela. See Clu8ia utiUs. Randia armata (Swa rtz) DC. HOSETILLO.

Rheedn intermedia PUtier. JOCOlflCO. JoCO'J'E DE VI{'O.

R.oble. Sec Quercus brachllstachys. Roblecito. See Quercus alea(des. Ronr6n. St>e Astronium (') sp. ltosetillo. See Randi.a arma-ta.

FAGACEAE.

FAGACEAE.

FAGACEAE.

ItUBIACEAI!.

C LUBIAC£AE.

Ruellia pilosa Pavon. VlOfJETA. ACANTHACEAE. An herh, growing in wet places, witb mogentA ftower8.

Sacate bucho. See Meibomia 6upina. Salvador balsam. See T olui/era l)erf'iraC'. Salvia tiliaefolia Vahl. E !oO EL.l>O D): J.IONTA;h . PioJII.W. ~1ENTHACEAE.

An h(~rb. with tiny bluish flowers. It is used to km bead lice. Sn.ngre. See Umnpsrmellra Rpntcci, [1.1:=0 n ·rola mcrendotli8. Sangre de drago. Sfi'C Cro ton draco. San Juan. See Yochll.~ia fJuatemalensis. Sanpedrano. See .4.cftcia sp., also rochusia fluatemaZensis. Santamaria. See CaiOl)hyl1um sp., n180 Piper auritunI amplifolium. Sapium sp. J USTF..

Sarsaparilla. See ZARZAPARILLA .

Saurauja gp. 7.A ron U J).

Sauvagesia erecta I.. Yt:RR.-\ DEI. JUDIO.

F.tWnORBIACEAE.

DU.LENJACEAE. OCRNACF.A.E.

An ascending herb ~vith smnll whUe flowf' rs Anfl violf>t stamens .• Schizolobium kellermani PiUier. P I.UMA.f1U..o. 7.oRRA. FABACEAE .

•

A tall, handsolllp. tree. with slemler tOliagf>.

wilit {) trunks and R ff>8th ery head ot

Seea-leche. See Lippia. 1I'mbellata.. Serjan\a mexicana 'VlIld. BAltRASCO.

A twlnin~plant, used tor poIsoning fisb . Sideroltylon tempisque Plttter. TEYPIS QL'E.

Sideroxylon (1) gp. CANAYITO. A tree with bitter red sap, the wood used for tiM!.

Sileo See Calliandra sp. Sinn. See M(conia lacera. Bla1n. See Terminalia. sp.

SAPINnACEAE.

SAPOT ACEAE.

SAPOTACEU:

Smilax ornata Lemaire. ?iARZAPARILLA. (PI.ATE 33.) LILIACEAE.

li'olhl~p l'lpecimenR ot officinal sarsapnr111a were colleetNI near Izabal, and a flower ing- ~pe('jmpn hall rC'Cf'ntly bef'n sent me trom the Rame 10<'altty by Sefior M. Hernandez C. The species Is said to flower In Guatemala from January to March; tbe root is collected trom January to Aprll, and Is not valuable after­WBM8. The roots are done up In small bODdles, tied with pieces or the stem, Rnd dried for a week over n slow fire. They nrc then tied up in bundles of 100 to 150 pounds, and shipped to New York, where they bring about one cent a pound. The plant grows in swamp:;:;, and bas a thick four·anA:led stem with strong retrorsely curved spines, and large ovate leaves sparsely spiny on the nerves beneath.

EXPL'&'NATlON or PLATE 33.-BmU41r Onla'a, frOID Bl<lte 786:;, Gush'mala. Nat ural Rlze.

Solanum torvum Swartz. TOKATU,xn. Stenorrhynchus ap. C RlLE DEL llONTE.

SoUNAl'!JI:n

OACHID'&'CJ:A.Z.

BLAKE-GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 99

Sterculia carthaginensis Cav. MANO DE LE6N. STERCULIACltU:.

Btigmaphyllon mucronatum (DC.) A. JuSS. BEJUCO DE BATON.

MALPIGHUCl!:.4.f'.

A twining berb. The fruit is said to be whitish with a blackish seed, and to be eaten by rats. Stylosanthes guyanensis (Aubl.) Swartz. YERBA DEL CAMPO. FABAOE .. U:.

An herb with small trlfoIlolnte leayes and yeJ10w flowers. An infusion ot th(> pJant is taken for pains In the slde.

Bunco. See Licania platypus. Suquinay. See Vernonia G8chenborniana. Sweetia panamensis Benth. CHICHIPATE. FABACEAE.

A tree up to SO meters high. The wood is used for posts, ties, and houses. Swietenia macrophylla King. CAOBA. MELIACEAE.

This, the Honduras mahogany. occurs on the eastern coast of Central AmQrj('1l from Campeche to Honduras and for an undetermined distance southward, and is at present the most important specIes of mahogany commercially. Symphonia globulifera I,. f. V ARIU.O. CLUBIACE.&E.

Tabaquillo. See ChewnanthU8 acutangMlu8. Tabernaemontana amblyblasta Bloke.ll CHAPUPO. CoJ6N DE OATO. COJ6N

DE MICO. APOCYNACE.u:.

A shrub about:; meters high, wJtb panicles of creamy·ye11ow flowers and oppo­site entire leaves. The fruit is said to be green or yellow. The mUky juice ot this plant is mIxed with chicle for local use. It is also put on the flesh with a piece of tobacco leaf to draw out call1ivorous insect larvae. Talauma poasana Pittier (7). YOBOCONTE. MAONOLIAClC6"

A tree up to 40 meters high. The wood is used for posts and bouse construc­Uon. Tamarindo. See Dialium di1iaricatum, also Tennjnalia ap. Tamarindo prieto. See Dialium divarioatum. Tambor. See Ochroma b4coZor. Tapaculo. See Guazuma ulmifoUa. T6. See Eupo;to";llm PtlCfWOOpha-lum. Tecoma pentaphylla Juss. MACUELIZO ( 1). MANO DE u6N. BWNONIACE.U ••

A tree up to 25 meters high, with palmately compound leaves and large pink flowers. The wood is used in bouse building. Tecoma sp. CORTEZ.

'l'empisque. See Sideroxllwn tempisquc. BIGNOliIACll:AW\ ,

Terminalia. Bp. NARANJO. QUI::BRACHO. SIsfN. TAMAlUNOO. Co:t.lBILET.lCItAE.

The wood ot thifl tree is used for ties and general construction. Thevetia plumeriaefolia Bentb. CO.TON DE OATO. APocYIU.CJ:·U:

Toluifera pereirae (Klotzsch) Baill. SALVADOB BALSAM. FABACJ:AL

ThiS tree grows on the mountain crests around La Florida, Honduras, and a small amount of the balsam Is extracted for commercial purposes. Tomate. See 1~!looper8ic"m 68cttlentff111. cera.8fforme. Tomatillo. See Solanum. torvum.. . Trespuntas. See Neurolaen<J, lobata. Tridax procl1mbens L. CURA·OUSANO. ASTl,RA(rt:U :,

A trailing herb with creamy-yellow rays and yellow disk, The leaves are put on the flesh to kill carnivorous Insect larvae. Trigo de montafia. See Homolepis atftren·.iI.

11 For illustration see Conrr. r. S. ?\at. Herb. 24: pl. 6. 1922.

100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Tronero del monte. See Buchnera uthosvermifoua. Tale chiquita. See Eleochari8 Bftlcata. Tuno. See CaBtUla falla~. Uisquilete. See Amaranth"" ,ptnosfls. Uraea. See Licanta platypus. Vnleriana. See Challtalw nutans, Vara blanca. See Casearia corymb08(l>. VarBlo. See Svmphonia globulifera. Verbena. See HVPHs verticillata. Vernonia aschenborniana Schauer. RUQUINAY.

A shrub with purplish flowers, u!'le(l for stomach troubles. Violeta. See Ruellia pilosa-.

ASTEBA CEAE.

Virola. merendonis Pittter. DRAGO. SANOruo:. MYRIBTICACEAE. A tree up to 85 meters high, with leaves rusty-tomeotose beneath, and a red

sap. The wood is used for boards. The fruits are eaten by fisbes. Vismia ferIJ-ginea H. B. K. ACHIOTILW. HTPERlCACEAE. Vita ]ongeracemosa PJttier. BAKKABAS (1). VERBENACEAJC.

A tree with pillmat{'ly compound leaves and lilac llowers. Vochysia guatemalensis Doun. Sm. RAN JUAN. SANPEDBANO. VOCHY8IACEAE.

A tree up to 25 meters hIgh, with slender yellow flowers. Tbe wood Is used for boards. XimenJa americana I.. MANZANn.I.A. OLACACEAE.

A tree with yellow astringent frutts. the size of a sman plum, generaUy eaten cooked. Yaguay. See Pithecol1ob£um sp. Yerba del caballo. See Melanthera n£vea. Yerba del campo. See Stylosanthes gflyanenm. Yerba del judio. See Sa1tVages(a erecta. Yerba del toro. See Borrerla sp. Yoroconte. See Talauma pOGSGna (1). Yucca aloifolia. L. (1) IsoTE. LIT.rACE"':.

A quick-growing tree. with large white flowers in a terminal panicle. A specimen about 18 feet high and 30 inches in circumference was said to be only about 8 years old. The flower cluster is cooked in salted water and eaten. but is rather bitter. Rope Is made from the fibre of the leaves. Zanthoxylum sp. CU8ILLO. I.AOARTo. MALACAPA. RUTACEAE.

Zapote. See Calocarpum manun08unl. ZapotUlo. See Achra .. chicle, also Sallrauja. sp. ZapotUlo ealenturiento. See Lucuma lactrnndu. Zapot6n. See Pachim ma.crooarpa. Zarza de rio. See Minwla sp, ZarzapariUa. See Smilaat orna·ta. Ze* menta "fruteseens (Mm.) Blake. AS'1'EBACEn.

A composite with yellow flowers. SaM to furnish a medicine for infantile fevers. Zona. See Schtzolobium kelle, mani. Zuelanta 8p. PAT.ACIO.

Contr. N " ! H erh .. V ,,1. Z4. PLATE 29.

ACHRAS CHICLE PITTI ER.

PLATE 30.

CASSIA ALATA L.

CO'l tr. Nat . He rh., Vol. 24 . PLATE 31.

NEUROLAENA LOBATA (L. ) R. SR,

PLATL 32.

PIPER AURITUM AMPLIFOLIUM C. 0 C.

C'.)' !I. r~I'., II, ,', V~, :'1. PLATe 3.1.

SMILAX ORNATA LEMAIRE.