NativeAmericansAnIntegratedElementaryLesson

MeaghanCrowley

2

LessonOverviewThislessonusesavarietyoflearningstylesandtechniquestointegrateliteracysequencingstandardsandSocialStudiescontentstandards,soastointroduceearlyelementarystudentstoresearchandtheroleNativeAmericanNationsplayinourcountry’shistory.ThelessonbeginswithtwoNativeAmericanstoriesreadaloud.Studentsareaskedtosequencethesetwostoriesthroughtheuseofstorytimestatuesandastoryboardgraphicorganizer.Ateacherleddiscussionencouragesthestudentstolearnabouthowsequencingisimportantnotjustinunderstandinghistorybutalsoinfullyunderstandingliterature.Followingthesestories,studentsreflectintheirjournalsonavisualimageandareaskedtodeterminewhetherornotallNativeAmericansarethesame.ConnectingtheirpriorknowledgetothevaryingdepictionsofNativeAmericansfromthetwostoriesandtheimage,studentsareledtoanunderstandingthatNativeAmericansareabroadgroupofpeoplemadeupbymanydifferentnations.ThenacarefullymodeledintroductiontoresearchhasstudentsingroupsresearchingdifferentNativeAmericannationsoftheAmericanWest.ThelessonendswithgrouppresentationsontheirresearchandadiscussiononhowwhitesettlementaffectedallNativeAmericans.

Class,Level,Duration,#ofStudents• 2ndgradeIntegratedHistoryLesson• 4‐DayLesson,2BlocksaDay,50mineachBlock• 16students(canbeadaptedforvaryingclasssizes)

LocationStRoseofLimaCatholicAcademy,Denver,CO

KeyVocabularyNativeAmericans,settlement,reservations,tribe,nation,sequence,transition

InstructionalMaterials• TheLegendoftheIndianPaintbrushbyTomiedePaola• TheRough‐FaceGirlbyRafeMartin• Indexcardsforwordwallandforstudentgroupstoanswerquestions• "TheTruebooks"....TheUtes,TheNavajo,TheLakotaSioux,TheHopi,TheApache.

(Foundatmostpubliclibraries)• 12x18blackconstructionpaper• Writingstrips• MinimapoftheUS• ColoredStarStickers

3

• Markers• BlackandWhitepacketsofcopiedpicturesfromtheirbooks.• Appendicesattached

EnduringUnderstanding(BigIdea)Asaresultofthislesson,studentsshouldbeabletonotedifferencesbetweennationsofNativeAmericans,disprovingthecommonsocietalmisconceptionthatallNativeAmericansarethesame.Studentsshouldalsobegintodevelopanunderstandingoftheimportanceofsequencingeventstofullyunderstandhistoryandliterature.Finally,studentswillgainanintroductiontothevalueofresearch,usingeasyreadnonfictiontextsaboutNativeAmericans.

EssentialQuestions• WhoaretheNativeAmericans?• WhatisaNativeAmericanNation?• WhatpartdotheNativeAmericansplayinourhistory?• WhyisitimportanttostudydifferentNativeAmericanNations?• DoallNativeAmericansdress,act,speakandlookthesame?• HowweretheNativeAmericansaffectedwhenEuropeanssettledthenewland?

LessonObjectivesSocialStudiesObjective:SWBATexplainthatNativeAmericansareabroadgroupofpeoplethataremadeupofamultitudeofseparatenationsallofwhichhavetheirownuniquetraditionsandwaysoflifethatweregreatlyaffectedbyEuropeansettlement.LiteracyObjectives:• SWBATsequenceastory.• SWBATemploytransitionwordswhensequencingastory.• SWBATmakeconnectionstotextreadaloud.• SWBATemploytheuseofnonfictiontextstoresearchatopic.

StandardsCommonCore:RI.2.7,RI.2.5,RI.2.3,RI.2.1,W.2.7,W.2.8.ArchdioceseofDenver2ndgradeSocialStudiesStandards:SS3.1,SS4.2,SS4.5,SS4.4

4

BackgroundYoungchildrenoftengaintheirknowledgeofNativeAmericansthroughverystereotypicalportrayalsfoundintelevision,toys,Halloweencostumes,andThanksgivinglegends.Thislessonisdesignedtoputthesemisconceptionstorestthroughtheintroductionofresearch.Teachersasaresultneedbetosuretounderstandexactlywhatmisconceptionsandbackgroundknowledgeourstudentshold.ByfocusingthebeginningofthelessonontwoNativeAmericanlegends,studentsaregiventheopportunitytodiscusstheirbackgroundknowledgeinawaythatallowstheteachertoaskguidingquestions,therebyleadinghisorherstudentstowardsamorerealisticunderstanding.

SuggestedProcedureProcedureusedatSt.Rosecanbefoundintheattachedtemplate.Itfollowsafour‐daylessonplan,whereeachdayissplitupintotwoblocksoffifty‐minuteinstruction.Becauseofitsuseofliteracyintegrationandresearch,itcanextendbeyondsocialstudiesandintotheliteracyblockoftheday.Thislessoncanbeeasilyadaptedwhethertodelvedeeperforupperelementaryortoallowformoretimeandconsiderationsforlowerelementary.

DifferentiationStudentInterest,AbilityandLearningStylesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenimplementingthislesson.Itispossiblethatduringtheresearchportionofthelessonthenonfictiontextmightbetoodifficultforearlyorlow‐levelSecondgradereaders.Thereforewaitinguntilthesecondsemesterorgroupingbasedonreadingabilityisencouraged.Regardless,teacherassistanceandmonitoringisessentialduringtheresearchportionofthelessoninordertomaximizestudentlearning.• Interestisaddressedinthislessonbyallowingthestudentstochoosetheirowngroup

researchjob.ItcanbefurtheraddressedbyallowingstudentstochoosetheNativeAmericannationtheywouldliketoresearchorbygrantingtotalcreativityandfreedominhowtheirgroupdecidestopresenttheirresearch.

• Abilityisaddressedbygroupinghigher‐levelreaderswithlowerlevelreaders,therebyincreasingallaroundcomprehension.Tofurtherincreasedifferentiationbasedonability,ateachermightassigngroupmemberstohavecertainjobsorexpectationsthatmeettheneedsoftheirownpersonalability,soastoaidorenrichtheirlearning.(JobsinAppendixG)

• LearningStylesareaddressedwithinthislessonthroughavarietyofdifferentmodes.Pictures,graphicorganizers,readaloud,requirementlists,posters,discussions,presentations,andassessmentscatertowardsalllearningstyles,makingthislessonanengagingformatforalltypesoflearners.

5

ExtensionsTherearemanywaysteachersmightfurtherextendthislesson.• Havestudentsresearchusingmorethanonesource.• HavestudentsidentifypoordepictionsofNativeAmericansineverydaylife.• Havestudentspresenttheirfindingstoanoutsideclassoraudienceratherthantheir

ownpersonalclass.• HavestudentscompareandcontrastthelifeofNativeAmericanstothelifeofcolonists

ortothelivesofcurrentdayNativeAmericans.• HavestudentsfindcommoncharacteristicsofNativeAmericannationsbasedontheir

wayoflife…exampleNomadicvs.Settled/MountainNationsvs.Plainsvs.Desert.• Havestudentsreflectfurtheronthemoralimplicationsconqueringandsettlingthe

NativeAmericanland.

Evaluations• Arubricisusedtoevaluatethegroupproject.Studentsaregivenachecklistintheir

packetofmaterialstohelpthemachievetheexpectationsontherubric.(AppendixA)• Thestoryboardgraphicorganizerisusedtoevaluateorderandunderstandingofthe

importanceofsequencing.(GraphicorganizerlinkinAppendixE)

StudentGroupPacketsDuringthelesson,studentsareplacedintogroupsoffourormorestudents.EachgroupisgivenafolderofmaterialsandthenonfictiontextontheirNativeAmericannation.Thefollowingisalistofwhatwasincludedinandwiththefoldergiventoeachgroup.• NativeAmericanTrueBook(WorkCited)• NativeAmericanTextQuestions(AppendixB)• Photocopiedblackandwhitepicturesfromgivenbook• Indexcards• 1coloredsentencestrip• 12x8constructionblackpaperforposter• MiniMapoftheUnitedStatesw/mapkeytemplate(AppendixC)• StarStickers(samecolor)• StudentChecklist(AppendixC)

SummaryByaskingstudentstoexplorecontentthroughliteracyandactualresearch,studentsareencouragedtodevelopadeeperandstrongerpersonalconnectiontothecontentthattheyarelearning,whileatthesamestrengtheningtheirreadingskills.Itisoftensaidthatearlyelementarystudentsupuntilthirdorfourthgradearestill“learningtoread,”ratherthan“readingtolearn.”Thislessonshowsnotonlythatitispossible,butthatthereisarealbenefitinhelpingourstudentsatthisagetodoboth.

6

AppendixA:NativeAmericanResearchRubric(page1)

Name_______________________ #_____________Gradeoutof24_____________

GradedonPresentationandabilitytoworkinagroup.CATEGORY Exemplary Proficient PartiallyProficient POINT

3points 2points 0to1pointStaysontaskallofthetimewithoutreminders.

Staysontaskmostofthetime.Groupcancountonthisperson.

Staysontasksomeofthetime.Groupmustsometimesremindthispersontowork.

FocusontheTask

Atrueteammemberwhoworkshardandhelpsothersinthegroup.

Astronggroupmemberwhodoestheirbest.

Sometimesanactivegroupmemberbutneedstotryharder.

___/3

3points 2points 0to1pointWork

Habits Completesassignedtasksanddoesnotdependonotherstodothework.

Completesmostassignedtasks.

Doesnotfollowthroughonmosttasksandsometimescountsonotherstodothework

___/3

3points 2points 0to1pointResearch

andInfoSharing

Gathersinfothatfitsthegroup’sgoals.

Usuallyprovidesinfothatfitsgroupsgoals.

Sometimesprovidesusefulinfoandideasfordiscussion.

___/3

3points 2points 0to1pointProblem­

Solving Activelyseeksandsuggestssolutionstoproblems.

Improvesonsolutionssuggestedbyothergroupmembers.

Doesnotoffersolutions,butiswillingtotrysolutionssuggestedbyothergroupmembers.

___/3

IndividualWorkGrade____________/12

7

(page2)

3points 2points 0to1pointAnsweredallthequestionsusinggoodsentencesontheirposter.

AnsweredallthequestionsaboutthenativeAmericantribe.

ForgottoanswersomeofthequestionsaboutthenativeAmericantribe.

Correctlypairedpictureswithinformationfoundoutabouttheirtribeandgluedtoposter.

Somewhatmatchedpicturestofacts.Somepicturesdidn’tmakesense.

Noneofthepicturesmakesensewiththefacts.

Allteammemberscontributedequallytothefinishedproject.

Assistedgroup/partnerinthefinishedproject.

Finishedindividualtaskbutdidnotassistgroup/partnerduringtheproject.

NativeAmericanProjectpoints

Presentationwasclearandunderstandable.Studentsansweredquestionspresentedtothem.Presentersspokewellandmadeconnectionsbetweentheirfacts.

Presentationwasclearandunderstandable.Studentswereeachabletoanswerquestionspresentedtothem.

Presentationwassloppy.Studentsdidn’tknowtheirfactswell.Theystruggledtoexplainthemtotheirclass.

___/3____/3___/3___/3

GroupProjectGrade__________/12

8

AppendixB:NativeAmericanTextQuestionsThefollowingarethepossiblequestionsIconsideredgivingmystudentswhenplanningthislesson.AlthoughIonlyendedupchoosingfivequestionstogivemygroupsofsecondgraders,morequestionscanbeansweredtoenrichforhigher‐levelstudentsorforupperelementaryclasses.

TheLakotaSioux…ATrueBookbyAndrewSantella

• WhereistheLakotaSiouxnationinourcountry?

• WhatkindoffooddidtheLakotaSiouxeat?Howdidtheygettheirfood?

• WhywereDogsandHorsesimportanttotheLakotaSioux?

• WhatdidtheLakotaSiouxusebuffalotomake?

• HowdidtheLakotaSiouxhuntBuffalo?

• WhatdidtheLakotaSiouxlivein?

• HowdidtheLakotaSiouxrememberhistory?

• WhatistheSunDance?

• Whenwhitesettlersbegantakingtheirland,whatdidtheLakotaSiouxdo?

• TellmeonefactabouttheLakotaSiouxtoday.

9

TheNavajo…ATrueBookbyAndrewSantella

• WhereistheNavajonationlocated?

• WhatkindofenvironmentdotheNavajolivein?

• HowdidtheNavajogetfood?

• WhyaresheepimportanttotheNavajo?

• WhatdidtheNavajolearnorgetfromtheSpanishwhitesettlersthatcameintotheirland?

• HowdidtheNavajocarrytheirbabies?

• WhatistheBlessingway?

• WhatdotheNavajolivein?

• TellmeonefactabouttheNavajotoday.

• Whatwasthe“LongWalk?”pg.32

10

TheUtes…AtrueBookbyAliceFlanagan

• WhereistheUteNationlocated?

• WhatdidtheUteeat?

• WhatdidtheUtepeopleusedtolivein?Whatdotheyliveintoday?

• WhatistheBearDance?

• HowdidtheUtechangewhentheygothorses?

• WhatdidtheUtemakefromBuffalo?

• WhydidtheUtebecomeexcellentwarriors?

• MenandWomenhaddifferentjobsintheUtenation.Whatdidthemendo?Whatdidthewomendo?

• WhatdidtheUtedowhenwhitesettlerstookovertheirland?

• TellmeonefactabouttheUtestoday.

11

TheHopi…AtrueBookbyAndrewSantella

• WhyisitdifficulttofarmwheretheHopilive?

• WhatdotheHopilivein?

• TheHopiarepartofwhatlargergroupofNativeAmericans?

• Howaretheydifferentfromthangroup?

• Whatdoestheirname,“Hopi,”mean?

• WhatareKachinadolls?

• HowdotheHopigetfood?

• WhatisthemostimportantcroptotheHopi?

• WhathappenstotheHopiwhenwhitesettlerscametotheirland?

• TellmeonefactabouttheHopitoday.

12

TheApache…AtrueBookbyAliceFlanagan

• TheApachewerenomads.Whatdoesthismean?

• TheApachewerethemostfearedNativeAmericangroupinthesouthwest.Why?

• MothersaresaidtohaveplayedanimportantroleinApachefamilies.Howdoweknowthis?

• WhatdidtheApachelivein?

• Howdidtheygetfood?

• WhatmusicalinstrumentistraditionaltotheApache?

• TheApachemadebaskets.Whatdidtheyusetomakebaskets?

• WhatdidtheApachedowhentheSpanishsettledinthearea?

• WhowasGeronimo?

• TellmeonefactabouttheApachetoday.

13

AppendixC:MiniMapoftheUS/MapKey

MapKey

14

AppendixD:StudentChecklistNativeAmericanProject

____OurGroupfoundalloftheanswerstothequestion.

____OurGroupansweredthemontheindexcardsbyusing“good”Sentences.

____OurGroupusedourbestHandwriting.

____OurGroupwasrespectfultoallourmembers.

____OurGroupfoundpicturesthatwentwithourfactsandgluedthemonourposter.

____OurgroupusedourstickerstoshowwhereourNativeAmericanNationisfound.

____Ourgroupmadeamapkey

____Ourgrouporganizedourindexcards,picturesandtitleonourposter.

____Ourgrouppracticedhowweweregoingtopresentourproject.

____WelearnedeverythingwecouldaboutourNativeAmericanNation.

____Wedidourbest!

15

AppendixE:StoryboardGraphicOrganizerGraphicorganizerisusedtoassessstudentsunderstandingofsequencing.

http://teacher.scholastic.com/lessonrepro/reproducibles/profbooks/storyboard.pdf

16

AppendixF:NationImage

http://espressostalinist.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/native‐americans.jpg

17

AppendixG:GroupJobsReader:Thereaderisresponsibleforreadingthenonfictiontextoutloudtothegroupandcheckingwithentiregroupforunderstanding.Leader:TheLeaderisresponsibleforkeepingthegroupontask.Heorshewilldecidewhatquestiontheyaregoingtosearchforinthetextandwhetherornottheyhaveeffectivelyansweredit.PosterDesigner:ThePosterDesignerisresponsibleforspatiallyorganizingtheposterandidentifyingtheblackandwhitecopiedphotosfromtheirtextthatgobestwiththeirfacts.Writer:TheWriterisresponsibleforwritinganswerstoquestionsthatthegroupfoundontotheindexcardsinhisorherbesthandwriting.Checker(optionaladdition):TheCheckerisresponsibleformakingsurethegroupcompletesallthetasksmentionedonthegroupchecklist.Editor(optionaladdition):TheEditorisresponsibleformakingsuretheposterlooksnice,thesentencesare“good”sentencesthatincludeproperpunctuation,spelling,completethoughtandpropercapitalization,andthatthepicturesmatchthefactsontheposter.****Allgroupmembers:Areresponsibleforworkingtogether,readingforunderstanding,findingtheanswerstothequestions,andbeingrespectfulofeachother.Theyalsoallarerequiredtocontributetotheclasspresentationofthematerial.

18

WorkCitedNativeAmericanNationImage

http://espressostalinist.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/native‐americans.jpg

Storyboardgraphicorganizer:http://teacher.scholastic.com/lessonrepro/reproducibles/profbooks/storyboard.pdf

StoryBooks(NativeAmericans):

• DePaola,Tomie.TheLegendoftheIndianPaintbrush.April1996

• Martin,Rafe.TheRoughFacegirl.April1998

TrueBooks(NativeAmericans):

• Flanagan,AliceK.TheUtes:ATrueBook.March1998• Santella,Andrew.TheNavajo:ATrueBook.March2003• Santella,Andrew.TheHopi:ATrueBook.March2003

• Santella,Andrew.TheApache:ATrueBook.August2000• Santella,Andrew.TheLakotaSioux:ATrueBook.August2000

!"#$%&'()&*$+",-.,$#'/0''12$+345*'15%&*6"7&

86/0

9'54':";- <

86'6*$5*=,5>2&?7&

@#A?&,#-'-B5A2?'B"%&'C*$5*'3,5>2&?7&'"D5A#'!"#$%&()&*$+",-'4*5)'#&2&%$-$5,E'#5;-E'F"225>&&,+5-#A)&-'",?'",;'$,-#*A+#$5,'5,'GB",3-7$%$,7HGB&;'"2-5')$7B#'B"%&'-5)&'C*$5*'3,5>2&?7&'"D5A#?$44&*&,#',"#$5,-'4*5)'#B&'+2"--*55)'",?'-+B5522$D*"*;H :$44&*&,#$"#$5,

(D$2$#;'7*5AC$,7E'IA2#$C2&'45*)-'54'$,CA#E)A2#$C2&'45*)-'54'5A#CA#H'1"#&*&?'2&"*,$,7

#5>"*?-'3$,&-#B&#$+'2&"*,&*-E'"-'>&22'"-'%$-A"2E)A-$+"2E'"A?$#5*;E',"#A*"2'",?'-C"+$"2'2&"*,&*-EJ"*$&?'2&%&2'54'-ACC5*#'#5'-#A?&,#-'D"-&?'5,*&"?$,&--'2&%&2E'@#A?&,#'K5D-'#5'&,"D2&'C&&*B&2CH'@+"4452?$,7'54'2&--5,-'#B*5A7B'#B&'A-&'54#B&'>5*3-B5C')5?&2'"225>&?'45*'#B&'#&"+B&*'#5?$44&*&,#$"#&'D"-&?'5,'5,'*&"?$,&--'"-'>&22H@@'8&--5,

LDK&+#$%&

@MN(G'&OC2"$,'#B"#'!"#$%&'()&*$+",-'"*&'"'D*5"?7*5AC'54'C&5C2&'#B"#'"*&')"?&'AC'D;'"')A2#$#A?&'54A,$PA&',"#$5,-E'"22'54'>B$+B'B"%&'#B&$*'5>,'A,$PA&#*"?$#$5,-'",?'>";-'54'2$4&'#B"#'>&*&'7*&"#2;'"44&+#&?D;'QA*5C&",'-&##2&)&,#H

8&--5,(--&--)&,#

@MN(G'$,'7*5AC'C*&-&,#"#$5,-'?&-+*$D&'"'!"#$%&()&*$+",',"#$5,'#B&;'*&-&"*+B&?'",?'B5>'#B&;>&*&'"'C"*#'54'#B&'B$-#5*;'54'#B$-'+5A,#*;H 8$#&*"+;

LDK&+#$%&-RB$7B2$7B#&?'$,

D2A&S

@MN(G'-&PA&,+&'"'-#5*;H@MN(G'&)C25;'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?-'>B&,-&PA&,+$,7'"'-#5*;H@MN(G')"3&'+5,,&+#$5,-'#5'#&O#'*&"?'"25A?H@MN(G'&)C25;'#B&'A-&'54',5,4$+#$5,'#&O#-'#5*&-&"*+B'"'#5C$+H@MN(G'5*"22;'C*&-&,#'#B&$*'*&-&"*+B'$,7*5AC-H'

N&,+B)"*3-5*

@#",?"*?-

15))5,'15*&0'TUHVHWETUHVHXETUHVHYE'TUHVH/E'MHVHWEMHVHZH'(*+B?$5+&-&'54':&,%&*'V,?'7*"?&'@5+$"2@#A?$&-'@#",?"*?-0'@@YH/E@@<HVE'@@<HXE'@@<H<

=&;'J5+"DA2"*;!"#$%&'()&*$+",-E'-&##2&)&,#E'*&-&*%"#$5,-E#*$D&E',"#$5,E'-&PA&,+&E'#*",-$#$5,

I"#&*$"2-!&&?&?

[GB&'8&7&,?'54'#B&'U,?$",'6"$,#D*A-B\'D;'G5)$&?&6"52"E'[GB&'T5A7B]^"+&'_$*2\'D;'T"4&'I"*#$,EU,?&O'+"*?-'45*'>5*?'>"22'",?'45*'-#A?&,#'7*5AC-'#5",->&*'PA&-#$5,-'E`GB&'G*A&'D553-`HHHH'GB&'.#&-EGB&'!"%"K5E'GB&'8"35#"'@$5AOE'GB&'F5C$E'GB&(C"+B&H'R^5A,?'"#')5-#'CAD2$+'2$D*"*$&-SE/Va'/ZD2"+3'+5,-#*A+#$5,'C"C&*E'M*$#$,7'-#*$C-E'I$,$')"C'54#B&'.@E'1525*&?'@#"*'@#$+3&*-E'I"*3&*-E'N2"+3'",?MB$#&'C"+3&#-'54'+5C$&?'C$+#A*&-'4*5)'#B&$*'D553-H'

_A$?&?bA&-#$5,-

MB5'"*&'#B&'!"#$%&'()&*$+",-c'MB"#'$-'"!"#$%&'()&*$+",'!"#$5,c'MB"#'C"*#'?5'#B&!"#$%&'()&*$+",-'C2";'$,'5A*'B$-#5*;c'MB;'$-'$#$)C5*#",#'#5'-#A?;'?$44&*&,#'!"#$%&'()&*$+",!"#$5,-c':5'"22'!"#$%&'()&*$+",-'?*&--E'"+#E-C&"3'",?'2553'#B&'-")&c'F5>'>&*&'#B&!"#$%&'()&*$+",-'"44&+#&?'>B&,'QA*5C&",--&##2&?'#B&',&>'2",?c

G$)& @#A?&,#'8&"*,$,7'G"-3'5*'(+#$%$#; IQGFL: G&"+B&*'(+#$%$#;:";'/ RN25+3'/S @MN(G'-&PA&,+&'"'-#5*;H

/X')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'#"3&'C"*#'$,'#B&'?$-+A--$5,'?A*$,7'#B&*&"?'"25A?H

T&"?'(25A?

GM'*&"?'#B&'D553E'`GB&'8&7&,?'54'#B&'U,?$",6"$,#D*A-B`H'G57&#B&*'#B&;'>$22')"3&C*&?$+#$5,-E'",?'4$,?'#B&')"$,'$?&"'54'#B&'-#5*;#57&#B&*'"-'#B&;'*&"?H'GB&;'>$22'?$-+A--'#B&+B"*"+#&*-'$,'#B&'-#5*;'",?'>B"#'#B&'-#A?&,#-3,5>'"D5A#'"D5A#'!"#$%&'()&*$+",-H'G&"+B&*>$22'$?&,#$4;'D"+37*5A,?'3,5>2&?7&H

/d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'#"3&'C"*#'$,'#B&'?$-+A--$5,

'I$,$'8&--5,'5,@&PA&,+$,7

MB&,'?5,&'*&"?$,7E'GM'*&)$,?'#B&'-#A?&,#->B"#'#B&'>5*?'-&PA&,+&')&",-'G&"+B&*'>$22)"3&'+5,,&+#$5,-'#5'-#A?&,#-e'A,?&*-#",?$,754'#$)&2$,&-'4*5)'#B&'?";'D&45*&H'G&"+B&*'>$22-";'`KA-#'2$3&';5A'+",'CA#';&"*-'$,'5*?&*'5,'"#$)&2$,&'5*',A)D&*-'$,'5*?&*'$,')"#BHHH';5A'+","2-5'CA#'&%&,#-'$,'"'-#5*;'$,'5*?&*H`'GM'7$%&,",'&O")C2&'54'-&PA&,+$,7'5,'#B&'D5"*?HHHA-$,7'"**5>-'",?'-";$,7'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?-'2$3&`^$*-#'#B$-'B"CC&,&?E'#B&,'#B$-'B"CC&,&?E&+#HH`'@B&'>$22'B"%&'-#A?&,#-'"-3'PA&-#$5,-",?'-B&'>$22'45+A-'5,')"3$,7'-A*&'#B"#'#B&;3,5>'#B"#'$#'$-'$)C5*#",#'#5'5,2;'-&PA&,+&'#B&*&"22;'NU_'$?&"-'54'"'-#5*;HHHH@&PA&,+$,7'B&2C-A-'D&##&*'-A))"*$f&'"'-#5*;H'@B&'#B&,&OC2"$,-'B5>'-B&'>",#-'#B&)'#5'-&PA&,+&'#B&-#5*;'#57&#B&*H

/d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'+*&"#&'"'-#"#A&'-+&,&'54'5,&'&%&,#4*5)'#B&')&,#5*'#&O#H

@#5*;'#$)&@#"#A&-

GM'&OC2"$,'#B&',&O#'"+#$%$#;H'@M'D&'-C2$#'AC",?'7$%&,'",'&%&,#'$,'#B&'-#5*;H'GB&;'>$22'B"%&X')$,'#5')"3&'"'4*5f&,'-#"#A&'-+&,&'#B"#*&C*&-&,#-'#B"#')5)&,#'$,'#B&'-#5*;H'MB&,-#A?&,#-'"*&'?5,&E'#57&#B&*'"-'"'>B52&'+2"--E#B&;'>$22'?&+$?&'#B&'5*?&*'54'&"+B'7*5AC-B5>$,7'#B&$*'-#"#A&'-+&,&-'RD"-&?'5,-&PA&,+$,7SH'GB&;'>$22'#B&,'C&*45*)H'12"--'>$22?$-+A--H

/X')$,

GB&'3$?-'>$22'>*$#&'?5>,'#B&'2$-#'54'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?-$,'#B&$*'K5A*,"2-H

G&"+B&*'2&?

GM''B"%&'-#A?&,#-'*&#A*,'#5'#B&$*'?&-3-H'GM&OC2"$,'>B"#'"'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?'$-'",?'>$22?&4$,&'#*",-$#$5,'",?'C2"+&'$#'5,'#B&'>5*?'>"22H@#A?&,#-'>$22'2&"*,'#B"#'"'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?'2$,3-&%&,#-'$,'"'-#5*;'#57&#B&*H'GB&-&'>5*?-'B&2CA-'-&PA&,+&'"'-#5*;H'@B&'>$22'D&7$,'#5')"3&'"2$-#'54'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?-HHH'A-$,7'#B&)'$,-&,#&,+&-'#5'-&&'B5>'#B&;'+",'B&2C'>$#B#*",-$#$5,$,7'"'-#5*;H

RN25+3'VS @MN(G'&)C25;'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?-'>B&,-&PA&,+$,7'"'-#5*;H

/X')$,@#A?&,#-'>$22'2$-#&,'#5'#B&'-#5*;H

T&"?'(25A?

GM'*&"?'#B&'-#A?&,#-'#B&'!"#$%&'()&*$+",#"2&E'`GB&'T5A7B'4"+&?'7$*2E`'-25>2;')"3$,7-A*&'#5'C5$,#'5A#'$)C5*#",#'&%&,#-H

/d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'>"#+B'",?'2$-#&,'#5'#B&'?$*&+#$5,-'7$%&,D;'#B&'#&"+B&*H

:$*&+#$5,-

(4#&*'#B&'-#5*;'#B&'GM'&OC2"$,-'?$*&+#$5,-H'U,7*5AC-'54'VE'@M'-&PA&,+&'#B&'-#5*;'D;+*&"#$,7'"'g'D5O'-#5*;D5"*?H'GB&;'>$22'2"D&2&"+B'C$+#A*&'>$#B'"'-&,#&,+&'A-$,7'"'#*",-$#$5,>5*?H'GM')5?&2'"+#$%$#;'5,'#B&'D5"*?'A-$,7#B&'`8&7&,?'54'#B&'U,?$",'6"$,#D*A-BH`'@B&'>$22B&2C'-#A?&,#-'D*"$,-#5*)'#B&'D$7'&%&,#-'4*5)`#B&'T5A7B'4"+&?'7$*2`'",?'-B&'>$22'5,'#B&D5"*?'>*$#&'#B&'#*",-$#$5,'>5*?-'",?'",;'#5A7B-C&22$,7'>5*?'#B"#'-#A?&,#-')$7B#'-#*A772&>$#BH'RC5$,#'54'"+#$%$#;'$-'#5'-&PA&,+&'",?',5##5'-#*A772&'>$#B'>*$#$,7'5*'-C&22$,7S'GM'B",?5A#'#B&'7*"CB$+'5*7",$f&*'45*'#B&'g'D5O-#5*;D5"*?'-&PA&,+&H

VX')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'>5*3'$,'C"*#,&*-'5,'#B&$*'-&PA&,+$,7C*5K&+#H

@)"22'6*5K&+#]-B5*#'45*)"#$%&2$#&*"+;"--&--)&,#

GM')5,$#5*'-#A?&,#'>5*3E'B&2C$,7'>B&,,&+&--"*;H@B&'>$22',&&?'#5')"3&'-A*&'#B"#&"+B'7*5AC'+5**&+#2;'-&PA&,+&-'#B&'-#5*;EB&2C$,7'",?'&OC2"$,$,7'>B;'$4'#B&;'?$?,e#h'@B&)";'CA22'"'7*5AC'54'-#*A772&*-'45*'&O#*"'>5*3'"##B&'D"+3'#"D2&H

:";'V RN25+3'/S @MN(G')"3&'+5,,&+#$5,-'#5'#&O#H

/X')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'4$,$-B'AC'#B&$*'-&PA&,+$,7'",?#*",-$#$5,"2'>5*?'C*5K&+#'"D5A#'#B&'*5A7B'4"+&?'7$*2)&,#5*'#&O#H

^$,$-B'AC'#B&-#5*;D5"*?-&PA&,+&

GM'>$22'*&%$&>'#B&'-#5*$&-'-#A?&,#-'*&"?'#B&?";'D&45*&HHH'",?'CA22'5A#'B&*'&O")C2&'54'#B&-&PA&,+&'D5"*?'5,'#B&'",+B5*'+B"*#H'GB&;'>$2275'5%&*'?$*&+#$5,-'",?'&OC&+#"#$5,-H'GM'>$22#B&,'2&#'#B&)'#5'+5,#$,A&'#5'>5*3'",?'>$22)5,$#5*'+2"--E'B&2C$,7'>B&,',&+&--"*;H'U4-#A?&,#-'4$,$-B'&"*2;HHH'GM'B"%&'"'D5O'54'5#B&*!"#$%&'()&*$+",'2&7&,?-'5*'#&O#-'45*'#B&)'#542$C'#B*5A7B'5*'*&"?H

X')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'-B"*&'#B&$*'-#5*;D5"*?-HG&"+B&*'8&??$-+A--$5,'",?-B"*&H

GM'>$#B'-#A?&,#-'*&42&+#'5,'#B&$*'C*5K&+#'",?*&%$&>'+5**&+#'5*?&*'54'-#5*;'2$,&H'J52A,#&&*->$22'D&'7$%&,'Yd'-&+5,?-'#5'-B"*&'#B&$*-#5*;D5"*?'>$#B'#B&'+2"--'$4'#B&;'>",#H

X')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22')"3&'#B&'+5,,&+#$5,'4*5)'#B&'-#5*$&-#B&;'*&"?'#5'B$-#5*;H

G&"+B&*'8&??$-+A--$5,'",?+5,,&+#$5,

(4#&*'#B&'-#A?&,#-'-B"*&E'GM'B"%&'-#A?&,#-*&42&+#'5,'!"#$%&'()&*$+",-H'@B&'>$22'"-3'#B&)$4'#B&;'2&"*,&?'",;#B$,7',&>'4*5)'#B&'D553->&'*&"?'",?'B"%&'#B&)'?$-+A--'#B&$*'C*$5*3,5>2&?7&HGM'#B&,'&OC2"$,'#B"#'!H(H-'>&*&#B&'%&*;'4$*-#'C&5C2&'#5'2$%&'$,'#B$-'2",?H'GB&;>5A2?'D&'#B&'%&*;'4$*-#'C&5C2&'5,'5A*'#$)&2$,&54'")&*$+"H

/d')$,

@M'*&#A*,'#5'#B&$*'-&"#-'",?'>*$#&'"D5A#'#B&'C$+#A*&#B&;'-&&'5,'#B&'D5"*?H'GB&;'>$22'B"%&'/d')$,'#5>*$#&'>B"#'#B&;'#B$,3E'4&&2E'-&&E'7A&--'5*'PA&-#$5,"D5A#'#B&'C$+#A*&H'_55?'-&,#&,+&-'>$#B'+"C$#"22&##&*-'"#'#B&'D&7$,,$,7E'CA,+#A"#$5,'"#'#B&'&,?'",?"'+5)C2&#&'#B5A7B#'>$22'D&'*&PA$*&?H

J$-A"2'U)"7&@#*"#&7;]'>*$#&#$)&

G&"+B&*'>$22'C5-#'#B&'C$+#A*&'54'#B&'.,$#&?@#"#&-'I"C'>$#B'#B&'?$44&*&,#'!"#$%&'()&*$+",,"#$5,-'5,'#B&'-)"*#'D5"*?'",?'B"%&'#B&-#A?&,#-'>*$#&'$,'#B&$*'K5A*,"2-'45*'#&,')$,A#&-H@B&'>$22'#B&,'"4#&*'#&,')$,A#&-'B"%&'#B&)'CA##B&$*'C&,+$2-'?5>,H

/X')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'-B"*&'>B"#'#B&;'>*5#&'",?'>B"#'#B&$*5>,'C&*-5,"2'#B$,3$,7'>"-'"D5A#'#B$-'C$+#A*&H

J$-A"2'$)"7&-#*"#&7;

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h,"#$5,-'2"#&*'#B"#'?";H'@B&'>$22'-B5>#B&)'#B&'")&*$+",'>&-#'",?'&OC2"$,'#5'#B&)#B"#'#B&;'"*&'75$,7'#5'?5'"'C*5K&+#'#B"#'2553-'"#-5)&'54'#B&',"#$5,-'#B"#'>&*&'$,'5*'"*5A,?+525*"?5H

RN25+3'VS @MN(G'&)C25;'#B&'A-&'54',5,4$+#$5,'#&O#-'#5*&-&"*+B'"'#5C$+H

X')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'*&%$&>'>B"#'#B&;'?$?'?A*$,7'#B&)5*,$,7H'GB&;'>$22'*&%$&>'#B&'?&4$,$#$5,-'45*'#B&>5*?-'`B$-#5*;E'B$-#5*$",E',"#$%&'")&*$+",E'",?'#*$D&H

I5*,$,7'T&%$&>

GM'?$-+A--'$,-#*A+#$5,'4*5)'#B&'?";'D&45*&HGM'>$22'&,?'#B&'?$-+A--$5,'D;'"-3$,7'#B&)>B;'#B&;'#B$,3'$#e-'$)C5*#",#'#5'2&"*,'"D5A#,"#$%&'")&*$+",-i'2&"?$,7'#B&)'#5'#B&'C5$,##B"#'#B&',"#$%&'")&*$+",-'>&*&'#B&'D&7$,$,7'545A*'B$-#5*;'"-'()&*$+",-'2$%$,7'B&*&'$,'#B$-+5A,#*;H'@#A?&,#-'>$22'+5,,&+#'>B"#'#B&;2&"*,&?'D"+3'#5'#B&'-#5*;'4*5)'#B&')5*,$,7H

/X')$,

@M'2$-#&,'+"*&4A22;'#5'?$*&+#$5,-H

M5*3-B5C7*5AC$,7

GM'#B&,'$,#*5?A+&'#B&'-#A?&,#-'#5'#B&>5*3-B5C'#B&;'"*&'75$,7'#5'D&7$,'#5'?5E)"3$,7'-A*&'#5'-B5>'#B&)'#B&')5?&2'-B&)"?&H'@B&'>$22'-C2$#'#B&'3$?-'$,#5'7*5AC-'R-B&>$22')"3&'$#'2553'*",?5)'DA#HHH'&"+B'7*5AC-B5A2?'B"%&'B$7B'2&%&2'*&"?&*-E'",?'25>'2&%&2*&"?&*-SH'GM'&OC2"$,'#5'-#A?&,#-'#B"#'$,7*5AC-'#B&;'"*&'75$,7'#5'2&"*,'",?'*&-&"*+B?$44&*&,#'!"#$%&'()&*$+",'#*$D&-H'GM'>$22&OC2"$,'#B&'?$44&*&,#'K5D-'$,'&"+B'7*5ACE'R#B&*&"?&*E'#B&'2&"?&*E'#B&'C5-#&*'?&-$7,&*'",?'#B&>*$#&*SH'_*5AC-'>$22'+5,#"$,'#>5'B$7B'*&"?&*-",?'#>5'*&"?&*-'>B5'-#*A772&H'@B&'>$22'C2"+&#B&)'$,'`-C5#-`'"*5A,?'#B&'+2"--*55)H'GM7$%&'5,&'!"#$%&'()&*$+",'G*A&'D553'#&O#'#5&"+B'7*5ACHHHH'RGB&'(C"+B&E'GB&'.#&-E'GB&8"35#"'@$5AOE'GB&'F5C$'",?'GB&'!"%"K5HD553-SHHH'-B&'>$22'"2-5'B",?'5A#'#B&')"#&*$"2-E$,+2A?$,7'#B&'PA&-#$5,'-B&&#H

@#A?&,#-'>$22'2$-#&,'#5'?$*&+#$5,-H

M5*3-B5C?$*&+#$5,-

@B&'>$22'&OC2"$,'#5'#B&'3$?-E'#B"#'#B&$*'K5D'$-75$,7'#5'D&'#5'D&+5)&'&OC&*#-'5,'#B&$*',"#$%&")&*$+",'#*$D&'-5'#B&;'+",'C*&-&,#'#5'#B&+2"--H'Q"+B'7*5AC'>$22'B"%&'PA&-#$5,-'#B"##B&;',&&?'#5'4$,?'#B&'",->&*-'#5'$,'#B&$*'D553HGB&;',&&?'#5'>*$#&'&"+B'",->&*'$,'"'+5)C2&#&`755?`'-&,#&,+&'5,'",'$,?&O'+"*?H'GB&*&'"*&-$O'$,?&O'+"*?-'45*'&"+B'7*5ACE'D&+"A-&'#B&*&"*&'-$O'PA&-#$5,-'#B&;',&&?'#5'4$,?H'@M'"2-5,&&?'#5'4$,?'5A#'>B&*&'#B&$*'#*$D&'2$%&?'$,'#B&.@'",?')"*3'$#'5,'#B&')$,$')"C'7$%&,H'GB&;#B&,',&&?'#5')"3&'"')"C'3&;'#5'75'>$#B'#B&-#"*H'(4#&*'#B&;'"*&'?5,&'4$,?$,7'"22'#B&PA&-#$5,-'#B&;',&&?'#5'75'#B*5A7B'#B&'C"+3&#54'C$+#A*&-'#B"#'75'>$#B'#B&$*'#*$D&'",?'4$,?'#B&C$+#A*&-'#B"#'D&-#'75'>$#B'#B&'",->&*-'#B&;>*5#&'?5>,'5,'#B&$*'$,?&O'+"*?-H'GB&;'#B&,,&&?'#5'#"3&'"22'#B&-&'$,?&O'+"*?'4"+#-EC$+#A*&-E-&,#&,+&'-#*$C'"-'#B&'#$#2&'45*'#B&$*C*5K&+#H'GM'CA22'AC'+B&+32$-#'54'#B$,7-'#B&-#A?&,#-',&&?'#5'?5'$,'#B&'#$)&'7$%&,H'GM'"2-5-B5>'-#A?&,#-'#B&')5?&2'-B&'+*&"#&?'",?*&)$,?'#B&)'#5'A-&'#B&$*'D&-#'7*5AC'>5*3$,7-3$22-H

X')$,

@M'?&+$?&'$,'#B&$*'7*5AC-E'>B5'$-'75$,7'#5'D&'>B"#K5DH'GB&;'>$22'$,45*)'#B&'#&"+B&*'",?'*&"?'#B&$*'&"-;*&"?'K5D'?&-+*$C#$5,H

_*5AC'j5D-

GM'B"%&'-#A?&,#-'4$,?'#B&$*'7*5AC-'",?#57&#B&*'"-'"'7*5AC'?&+$?&'>B5'7&#-'>B"#'K5DHQ"+B'-#A?&,#'>$22'D&'7$%&,'",'&"-;'*&"?&*'K5D?&-+*$C#$5,'#5'B&2C'#B&)'*&)&)D&*'>B"#'#B&;,&&?',&&?'#5'?5H'GM'"2-5'*&)$,?'-#A?&,#-#B"#'K5D-'>5*3'#57&#B&*'$,'"'7*5AC'",?'B&2C5,&'",5#B&*'>$#B'#"-3-H'GM'*&+5*?'>B5'$-75$,7'#5'?5'>B"#'K5DH

Vd')$,

@M'7&#'-#"*#&?'5,'#B&'C*5K&+#H'GB&;'>$22'>5*3#57&#B&*'"-'"'7*5AC'#5'4$,?'#B&'",->&*-'$,'#B&'D553HGB&;'>$22'A-&'#B&'#"D2&'54'+5,#&,#-'#5'4$,?'C"7&-'#B"##B&'",->&*-')$7B#'D&'5,E'",?'#B&;'>$22'*&"?'#B&C"*"7*"CB-'A,#$2'#B&;'4$,?'#B&'",->&*-H'GB&;'>$22>5*3'5,'>*$#$,7'?5>,'&"+B'",?'&%&*;'",->&*'5,'",5#&'+"*?E'A-$,7'+5)C2&#&'",?'`755?`'-&,#&,+&-H

_*5AC'M5*3

GM')5,$#5*'#B&'*55)'",?'B&2C'-#A?&,#-'*&"?5*'A-&'#B&'#"D2&'54'+5,#&,#-H'GB&'#&O#'$-'75$,7#5'D&'?$44$+A2#'45*'-5)&'54'#B&'-#A?&,#-H'GM'"-3-#A?&,#-'PA&-#$5,-'#5'B&2C'7A$?&'#B&)'#5>"*?->B&*&'#5'4$,?'",->&*-'$,'#B&$*'D553H'GM'"2-5+B&+3'#B&$*',5#&'+"*?-'45*'+5)C2&#&'",?'`755?-&,#&,+&-E`')"3$,7'-A*&'#B"#'#B&;'B"%&+"C$#"2'2&##&*-E'CA,+#A"#$5,'",?'"'+5)C2&#&#B5A7B#H'GM'*&)$,?'#B&'-#A?&,#-'#5'&?$#'#B&$*-&,#&,+&-'45*'-C&22$,7')$-#"3&-H'GM'"2-5)","7&'+2"--*55)'D&B"%$5*E')"3$,7'-A*&'#B&7*5AC-'"*&'>5*3$,7'#57&#B&*'",?'#B"#&%&*;5,&'4&&2-'2$3&'"'C"*#'54'#B&'C*5K&+#H'MB&,#B&'Vd')$,'$-'ACHH'-B&'>$22'B"%&'#B&)'-#"+3#B&$*'>5*3'5,'#B&'3$?,&;'#"D2&'$,'C$2&-H

:";Y RN25+3'/S @MN(G'&)C25;'#B&'A-&'54',5,4$+#$5,'#&O#-'#5*&-&"*+B'"'#5C$+H

X')$,@M'",->&*'#B&'#&"+B&*e-'PA&-#$5,-

T&%$&>'",?:$*&+#$5,-

GM'*&42&+#'>$#B'-#A?&,#-'5,'>5*3$,7'#B&'?";D&45*&H'GM'*&)$,?'-#A?&,#-'54'#B&*&PA$*&)&,#-'",?'&OC&+#"#$5,-H

<d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'>5*3'5,'#B&$*'C*5K&+#E')"3$,7'-A*&'#53&&C'$,')$,?'#B&'5,'D5"*?'+B&+32$-#H

_*5AC'M5*306*5K&+#

GM'+$*+A2"#&'"7"$,')"3$,7'-A*&'#B"#'-#A?&,#-"*&'45225>$,7'#B&'C*5+&?A*&'",?'>5*3$,7'B"*?HGM')"3&'-A*&'#B"#'#B&;'"*&',5#'>"-#$,7'#B&$*#$)&'",?'#B"#'#B&;'"*&'45225>$,7'#B&&OC&+#"#$5,-H

RN25+3'VS @MN(G'5*7",$f&'$?&"-'4*5)'*&-&"*+B'$,#5'"C5-#&*H

V')$,

@M'2$-#&,'#5'?$*&+#$5,-H

_*5AC')&&#$,7D&45*&'7*5AC>5*3

GM'*&)$,?'-#A?&,#-'54'#B&',&+&--"*;'-#&C-'#54$,$-B'#B&$*'C5-#&*-H'GM'&OC2"$,'B5>'#B&;-B5A2?'C*"+#$+&'#B&$*'C*&-&,#"#$5,'>B&,'#B&;"*&'?5,&'>$#B'#B&'C5-#&*H'@#A?&,#-'-B5A2?'-C2$#AC'>B5'$-'75$,7'#5'*&"?'>B$+B'4"+#-'",?'>B5'$-75$,7'#5'&OC2"$,'#B&'C$+#A*&-'",?'I"ChI"C3&;H'GM'#&22'#B&)'#5')"3&'-A*&'#B&;'-#A?;#B&$*'>5*3'B"*?E'-5'#B"#'#B&;'+",'D&'&OC&*#->B&,'#B&$*'+2"--'B"-'PA&-#$5,-'45*'#B&)H

<d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'4$,$-B'AC'5,'#B&$*'C*5K&+#-'",?'#B&,D&7$,'C*"+#$+$,7'45*'#B&$*'C*&-&,#"#$5,H

_*5AC'M5*3

GM'4"+$2$#"#&'7*5AC'>5*3'",?'B&2C'>B&,,&&?&?H'@B&'>$22'B&2C'#B&)'>*"C'AC'#B&$*C*5K&+#'",?'>5*3'#5>"*?-'*&"22;')"3$,7'#B&C*5K&+#'()"f$,7H

Y')$,

@M'2$-#&,'#5'?$*&+#$5,-H

M*"C'AC

GM'B"%&'#B&'-#A?&,#-'C2"+&'#B&'4$,$-B&?C*5K&+#-'5,'#B&'3$?,&;'#"D2&'",?'*&)$,?'#B&)#B"#'#B&;'"*&'75$,7'#5'C*&-&,#'#B&$*'#*$D&-#5)5**5>'"4#&*,55,H

:";'< RN25+3'/S @MN(G'-B5>'*&-C&+#'D;'"-3$,7'PA&-#$5,-",?'2$-#&,$,7'+"*&4A22;'#5'#B&'7A&-#'-C&"3&*H

X')$,

@M'-$#'$,'"'+$*+2&'",?'D&'C52$#&'"-'#B&'#&"+B&*$,#*5?A+&-'#B&$*'-C&+$"2'7A&-#i'#B&'X#B'7*"?&#&"+B&*E'I"*7"*&#'I"##H

GM'$,#*5?A+&'7A&-#'-C&"3&*H'GM'&OC2"$,'#5#B&'-#A?&,#-'#B"#'I-H'I"##'2$%&?'5,'"',"#$%&")&*$+",'*&-&*%"#$5,'45*'X';&"*-'",?'#B"#'-B&$-'B&*&'#5?";'#5'#&22'"D5A#'B5>'B&*',"#$5,'2$%&?",?'2$%&-'#5?";k'GM'?&4$,&'*&-&*%"#$5,'",?"??'$#'#5'#B&'>5*?'>"22H

/d')$,

@M'-$#'PA$&#2;'",?',$+&2;'"-'#B&;'2$-#&,H

U,#*5?A+#$5,

I-H'I"##'>$22'#&22'#B&)'"'2$##2&'"D5A#'B&*'#$)&'5,#B&'*&-&*%"#$5,H'@B&'>$22'-B5>'#B&'-#A?&,#-C$+#A*&-'54'#B&'+25#B&-'#B&;'>&"*',5>'",?#$)&-'4*5)'B&*'&OC&*$&,+&'#B&*&H

/d')$,

@M'7*$,?'+5*,'A-$,7'*5+3-'2$3&'I-H'I"##'-B5>-#B&)H

_A&-#-C&"3&*h15*,(+#$%$#;

I-H'I"##'>$22'&OC2"$,'#5'#B&'3$?-'"D5A#'#B&'455?B&*'#*$D&'A-&?'#5'&"#'",?'B5>'#B&;'B"?'#5)"3&'$#'4*5)'#B&$*'&,%$*5,)&,#H'@B&'>$22'#B&,-B5>'#B&)'B5>'#5'7*$,?'+5*,'>$#B'#>5'*5+3-R-C&+$"2'5,&-'-B&'D*5A7B#'D"+3'4*5)'#B&'*&-HHHS-B&'>$22'2&#'&"+B'3$?'#*;'7*$,?$,7'#B&'+5*,H

/d')$,

@M'2$-#&,'#5'#B&'1:'I-H'I"##'D*5A7B#H

IA-$+

I-H'I"##'>$22'&OC2"$,'#B&'$)C5*#",+&'54'?",+&",?')A-$+'45*'B&*'#*$D&i'-B&'>$22'2&#'#B&)2$-#&,'#5'#B&'D&"#'54'#B&'?*A)-'4*5)'-5)&-5,7-'4*5)'#B&',"#$5,H

/d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'2$-#&,'+"*&4A22;'#5'I-H'I"##'5,'#B&+"*C&#H'@#A?&,#-'>$22'45225>'#B&'#&"+B&*e-'"?%$+&'#5"-3'755?'PA&-#$5,-'54'I-H'I"##'#5'5*7",$f&'#B&$*$?&"-H

:&D*$&4

I-H'I"##'>$22'&OC2"$,'#5'#B&'3$?-'"D5A#'B5>'#B&&A*5C&",-'+5)$,7'#5'#B&',&>'2",?'"44&+#&?B&*'#*$D&'",?'#B&'!"#$%&'()&*$+",-'$,'7&,&*"2HI"##'>$22'&OC2"$,'B5>'5A*'>5,?&*4A2'+5A,#*;+")&'"#'#B&'&OC&,-&'54'-5')",;H'GM'B"%&-#A?&,#-'"-3'I"##'PA&-#$5,-H

RN25+3'VS @MN(G'7$%&'"'C*&-&,#"#$5,'5,'#B&$*',"#$5,H

/d')$,

@M'B"%&'X')$,'"4#&*'#B&'PA$+3')5*,$,7'*&%$&>'#5)&&#'>$#B'#B&$*'7*5AC-'",?'C*"+#$+&'*&"?$,7'#B&$*4"+#-'5,&')5*&'#$)&H

I5*,$,7'*&%$&>E",?'PA$+3C*&-&,#"#$5,C*"+#$%&

GM'B"%&'-#A?&,#-'PA$+32;'*&%$&>'&OC&+#"#$5,-",?'?$*&+#$5,-'45*'#B&'C*&-&,#"#$5,-H'GM'#B&,B"%&'#B&)'C*"+#$+&'$,'#B&$*'7*5AC-'5,&'2"-##$)&H

Yd')$,

@M'5,&'7*5AC'"#'"'#$)&'7$%&'"'C*&-&,#"#$5,'5,'#B&$*,"#$%&'")&*$+",'#*$D&i'&"+B'C&*-5,'>$22'B"%&'#5C"*#$+$C"#&H'GB&;'>$22'"2-5'B"%&'#5'",->&*'",;4A*#B&*'PA&-#$5,$,7'4*5)'#B&$*'#&"+B&*'"D5A#'>B"##B&'4"+#-'#B"#'#B&;'2&"*,&?')&",'"D5A#'#B&$*'#*$D&HHHH?&?A+#$%&'*&"-5,$,7'-3$22-HHH'#"23$,7'#B*5A7B'#B&PA&-#$5,-'>$#B'B&*H

6*&-&,#"#$5,-]8&--5,(--&--)&,#]7*"?&?'D;'*AD*$+

GM'C$+3'5,&'7*5AC'"#'"'#$)&'#5'C*&-&,#'#B&$*C*5K&+#-'#5'#B&'+2"--H'@B&'>$22'"-3'#B&)PA&-#$5,-'"D5A#'#B&$*'4"+#-'#B"#'2&"?'#B&)'#5#B$,3'5A#'25A?'#5'#B&'+2"--'"D5A#'>B"#'$#')&",-#5'D&'"',"#$%&'")&*$+",H'GM'#B&,'B"%&'#B&)4$7A*&'5A#'#B$,7-'2$3&E'`>B;'>5A2?'"',"#$5,'#B"#)5%&-'"'25#',&&?'#&C&&-E'5*'>B;'>5A2?'","#$5,'A-&')A?'",?'-#$+3-'"-')"#&*$"2-'45*#B&$*'B5A-&HHH'D&+"A-&'$#-'C"*#'54'#B&$*&,%$*5,)&,#E'&+#HHH`'GM'"2-5'2&"?'#B&)'#5D&7$,'#5'-&&'#B"#'&%&*;'-$,72&'5,&'54'#B&$*#*$D&-'>"-'"44&+#&?'$,'-5)&'>";'D;'#B&&A*5C&",-')5%$,7'$,#5'#B&$*'"*&"H

/d')$,

@#A?&,#-'>$22'C"*#"3&'$,'"'-B5*#'?$-+A--$5,'"D5A#,"#$%&'")&*$+",-'",?'#B&'&44&+#'&A*5C&",-'B"?'5,#B&)H

:$-+A--$5,

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`D&+"A-&'#B&;'"*&'#B&'D&7$,,$,754'5A*'B$-#5*;`