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NATIONAL SOIL AND
WATER RESOURCES
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT/
EXTENSION AGENDA
2017 – 2022
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Elliptical Road, Corner Visayas Avenue
Diliman, Quezon City
June 2018
NATIONAL SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT/ EXTENSION AGENDA
2017 – 2022
Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City
ii
Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/
Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
Table of Contents
Pages List of Tables iii List of Figures iii List of Acronyms iv Messages vi - viii Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. State of the Philippine Soil and Water Resources 2
1.1.1. State of the Philippine Soil Resources 2 1.1.2. State of the Philippine Water Resources 9
1.2. The Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension (SWRRD/E)Network (1999-2003)
17
1.3. The National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development /ExtensionAgenda (2010-2016)
19
1.4. Rationale and Process in the Updating of the SWRRD/E Agenda
20
Chapter 2.0. The Soil and Water Resources Research and Development /Extension Agenda, 2017-20122
23
2.1. Goal 23 2.2. Objectives 23 2.3. SWRRD/E Framework 26 2.4. Updated SWRRD/E Agenda & NAP-DLDD Complementation 28 2.5. SWRRD/E Agenda The Research and Development, and Extension Agenda on Soil and Water Resources (2017-2022)
29
30 References 64 Acknowledgment 65
iii
List of Tables
Table 1 Philippine Land Resources 3 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5
Categories of Problem Soils Inventory of Water Resources Concerns in the Philippines Water availability projection in MCM/year by water resources region Summary of Inventory of Small-scale Irrigation Projects (SSIPs) Nationwide
3 10
12
13
List of Figures
Figure 1 BOD Contribution from Point Sources 14 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5
BOD contribution from non-point sources Soil and Water Resources R&D/E Agenda Framework (2010-2016) Process Carried Out in the Formulation of the Updated National Soil and Water Resources Research &Development/Extension Agenda Strategic Framework for the Soil and Water Resources
R& D/E Agenda and Inter-sectoral Partnership for Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity(Food Security, Environment and Climate Change Nexus Relative to Soil & Water R & D)
15
19
22
27
iv
List of Acronyms
PDP AFF RDEAP BAR BSWM DA SWRRDEA UNCCD NAP-DLDD LGU UPLB DOH ENSO PNSDW JICA NWRB SSIP SSIS BOD DOST-PCAARRD CLSU VSU USM NIA PAGASA DA R&D NSWRRDEA NESAF NAP-DLDD DAR DENR DOST SDG LDN UNCCD GSP ASP SSIPs SWRRD SLM NGAs CSOs
Philippine Development Plan Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Research and Development, Extension Agenda and Program Bureau of Agricultural Research Bureau of Soils and Water Management Department of Agriculture Soil and Water Resources Research and Development, Extension, Agenda United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought Local Government Unit University of the Philippines at Los Baños Department of Health El Niño Southern Oscillation Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water Japan International Cooperation Agency National Water Resources Board Small Scale Irrigation Project Small Scale Irrigation System Biochemical Oxygen Demand Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development Central Luzon State University Visayas State University University of Southern Mindanao National Irrigation Administration Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Department of Agriculture Research and Development National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development Extension Agenda National Extension System for Agriculture and Fisheries National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought Department of Agrarian Reform Department of Environment and Natural Resources Department of Science and Technology Sustainable Development Goals Land Degradation Neutrality United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Global Soil Partnership Asian Soil Partnership Small Scale Irrigation Projects Soil and Water Resources Research Division Sustainable Land Management National Government Agencies Civil Society Organizations
v
LGUs DA-RFO PNRI PhilRice BAFS BPI Philrootcrops NPRCRTC NGO PO SCU NCIP FPA HLURB RAED AFP DENR-EMB UPLB-IPB AT M&E DEPEd CHED ATI NEDA DTI SWT
Local Government Units Department of Agriculture – Regional Field Office Philippine Nuclear Research Institute Philippine Rice Research Institute Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards Bureau of Plant Industry Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center Northern Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center Non-Government Organizations Peoples’ Organizations State Colleges and Universities National Commission on Indigenous Peoples Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board Regional Agricultural Engineering Division Armed Forces of the Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Environmental Management Bureau University of the Philippines Los Baños – Institute of Plant Breeding Agricultural Technician Monitoring and Evaluation Department of Education Commission on Higher Education Agricultural Training Institute National Economic Development Authority Department of Trade and Industry Soil and Water Management Technology
vi
Message The Bureau of Soils and Water Management is recognized as the Nationally Mandated Agency on Soils and Water Resources Management for Agriculture. Hence, the management of soil and water resources is its prime responsibility. Considering that 11.45 million hectares or 38% of the total land area of the Philippines are vulnerable to soil / land degradation, it is a tough challenge for BSWM to addresses the natural causes like volcanic eruptions and problem soils; human-induced and policy-related causes of soil / land degradation. The Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension (SWRRD/E) Agenda is an integral component of the Department of Agriculture’s Research and Development, Extension Agenda and Programs (RDEAP) for the Agriculture sector. Agricultural research and development provides the necessary policy framework, investment and support services in the implementation of national programs to actively respond to the specific needs of the sector. For the past decades, the Department’s goal is to assist farmers by providing inputs to increase yields. This approach has overlooked its impact on natural resources, as it relies heavily on the application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides without consideration of proper soil fertility and nutrient management. Moreover, as the area in the lowlands decreases because of conversion to non-agricultural uses, farmers plant in the sloping uplands without practicing soil conservation management strategies. These practices resulted to various forms of soil degradation such as decline in soil organic matter, erosion, compaction, acidification, nutrient mining and biological degradation. This has also led to lossof biodiversity and declining ecosystem services thereby aggravating the negative impacts of climate change including flooding and drought. In addition, the demand of increasing population for increased food production and housing requirements resulted in the decline of agricultural lands from 9.6 million hectares in CY 2002 to 7.2 million hectares in CY 2012. Hence, there is an urgent need to focus on research and development / extension on appropriate soil and water management technologies and practices to ensure that ecosystem services provided by soil and water resources are sustained to contribute in the attainment of agricultural productivity and environmental protection. The updating of the Soil and Water Resources Research Development / Extension (SWRRD / E) Agenda (2017 – 2022) continuously responds to the Department’s mandate – “We must go back to its basic mandate to produce food for its people.” With the support of our partners and stakeholders, we can achieve our goal. Moreover, this shall serve as our guide in crafting policies that will address the current concerns and issues on soil and water management as an input to agricultural productivity.
Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Elliptical Road, Diliman Quezon City 1100, Philippines
vii
I commend the BSWM for taking the initiative, in collaboration with the Bureau of Agricultural Research in supporting this crucial undertaking. I would also like to thank our partners from the regional field offices, national government agencies, local government units, and academe who actively participated in the series of consultation meetings and workshops for their inputs in the updating of this Agenda.
viii
Message Healthy soils are the foundation of agricultural productivity in recognition of the fact that 95% of our food comes from soils. Production of safe food and feed crops from healthy soils could promote the health of humans, animals and other living things. Moreover, soils provide several essential ecosystem services. With this as a guiding principle, the BSWM actively implements programs and projects on sustainable soil management (SSM) which is an integral part of sustainable land management, as well as basis for addressing poverty alleviation, agricultural and rural development, promoting food security and improving nutrition. It is my advocacy to sustainably manage and conserve the Philippine soils. As defined in the revised World Soil Charter, soil management is only sustainable if the supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services provided by soil are maintained or enhanced without significantly impairing either the soil functions that enable those services or biodiversity. One of the key pillars to attain SSM is the implementation of inter- and trans-disciplinary research and development (R&D) initiatives. The National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda (NSWRRD/E Agenda) 2017-2022 defines the problems and issues that the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) needs to address in the next six (6) years. This is aligned with the DA-BAR’s Research and Development and Extension Agenda and Programs (RDEAP) 2016-2022. The updated NSWRRD/E Agenda focuses on mitigating the effects of the top ten (10) soil threats that hamper SSM, which include the following: soil erosion, soil organic carbon loss, nutrient imbalance, soil acidification, soil contamination, waterlogging, soil compaction, soil sealing, salinization and loss of soil biodiversity. The proposed projects indicated in the Agenda will provide sound scientific basis for the development and implementation of SSM relevant to stakeholders. It is envisioned that R&D outputs such as technologies, maps and technical reports could be translated to policy recommendations and IEC materials for use of farmers, policy makers and private sector. Finally, I would like to thank our partners from various institutions who engaged actively on our series of consultation meetings and workshops to update this research agenda. I look forward to the implementation of R&D programs and projects on SSM. Let us remember that the soils are our national heritage and central to the creation of host of goods and services integral to ecosystems and human well-being. Let us promote sustainable management of our soils for future generations. Together, we can achieve more!
ANGEL C. ENRIQUEZ, CESO III
OIC-Director, Bureau of Soils and Water Management
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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I. Introduction
The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 Chapter 8, Expanding Economic Opportunities
in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries stipulated that the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (AFF)
sector is pivotal in generating employment for about a third of the country’s labor force, thereby
reducing poverty and inequality for three-fourths of the poor who are in the rural areas. AFF is also
a key in providing raw materials to the manufacturing and service sectors, resulting in forward
linkages in terms of higher-paying and more stable job opportunities.
To expand the access of farmers and fisherfolk to economic opportunities, the PDP indicated
several strategies which are related to the mandate of the Department of Agriculture, to wit: a)
improve AFF productivity within the ecological limit; b) increase AFF stakeholders access to
technology, and c) increase and protect the access of small famers and fisherfolk to land
and water resources. Development of an integrated color-coded agricultural map to identify the
comparative advantage of specific areas; accelerations of construction of disaster-and climate-
resilient small scale irrigation systems and improve existing ones; and enhancing capacity of small
farmers and fisherfolk to use better and new technologies were identified as priority activities to
realize the objectives of the agriculture and fisheries sector.
Recognizing the pivotal role of research, development and extension in the generation and delivery
of agricultural products and services, the DA through its central coordinating unit for R&D
programs, the Bureau of Agricultural Research formulate the National Research and Development,
Extension Agenda and Program (RDEAP) 2016-2022 which focus on the following:
food staples, feed resources, and other alternatives (rice, corn, cassava, adlai)
commercial crops (plantation and biofuel crops; vegetables, legumes and rootcrops; fruits)
poultry and livestock (poultry, swine and ruminants)
fisheries and aquaculture (aquaculture and capture fisheries)
This document serves as a reference material and sets the directives on what R&D activities need
to be undertaken towards a competitive and sustainable agriculture and fishery sector. The DA-
BAR encouraged its partner implementing agencies to craft a more detailed research agenda and
programs specific for their commodities/disciplines.
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The Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) as the nationally mandated agency on soil
and water resources management for agriculture should formulate its research agenda and
program, specifically on soil and water resources. This is in recognition of the fact that to be able to
sustain agricultural productivity and ensure environmental protection in the long run, there is a need
to have a more comprehensive and in depth focus on these resources. As early as 2009, the
BSWM crafted its National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development Extension
/Agenda (NSWRRD/EA) (2010-2016). Considering that BAR’s RDEAP has been updated and PDP
2017-2022 was already finalized, it is timely and relevant to update the NSWRRD/EA to align its
direction with the interventions cited in the two policy documents.
In 2017, the BSWM started the updating process through island-wide stakeholders’ consultation
workshops and review of global, regional and national policies, programs and initiatives on soil and
water management. Hence, the context of NSWRRD/EA is likewise aligned with the Philippine
National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (2015-2025) which
embodied the Philippine commitment to manage soil resources sustainably under the United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Sustainable Development Goal 15.3
combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification,
drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world. Moreover, the priorities
cited in the Global Soil Partnership and Asian Soil Partnership, a global and regional mechanism,
respectively established in 2012 which aims to synergize efforts in the fight for healthy soils, were
also taken into consideration in the updating in the NSWRRD/EA.
1.1 State of the Philippine Soil and Water Resources
1.1.1 State of the Philippine Soil Resources
The total land area of the Philippines is 30 million hectares, of which 7.19 million hectares are
classified as agricultural area, as shown in Table 1 (PSA,2015). Agriculture plays a dominant role in
the economic development of the Philippines generating about more than 6% of its total export.
About 25% of the total area is constraint- free while about 75% consist of areas with various kinds
of problem soils. The Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) recognizes and classifies
categories of problem soils in the Philippines as follows with their corresponding extent:
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Table 1. Philippine Land Resources
Total Land Area 30 M ha
Classified Forest Lands 15.05 M ha (50%)2
Unclassified Forest Land 0.76 M ha ( 3%)2
Alienable and Disposable Lands
14.19 M ha (47%)2
Agricultural Area 1 7.19 M ha (24%)3 ( PSA, 2015)
Irrigated Area 1.856 M ha (59.32% of total potential irrigable area, as of Dec 2016)4
Table 2. Categories of Problem Soils
Problem Soils Extent (ha) % of the Total Area
Steep slopes 8,900,000 29.7
Poor drainage 91,000 0.3
Coarse texture soils 360,000 1.6
Heavy cracking clays 766,000 2.5
Severe fertility limitations 12,000,000 39.2
Saline soils 600,000 2.0
Acid sulfate soils 27,000 0.1
Peat soils 16,000 0.1
Mine tailings & polluted lands 22,000 0.1
(Source: Alcasid, 1991. Management and Utilization of Acid Soils) The Philippines is an archipelago with topographic variations in its various islands. Several
mountains and hillylands are present all over the country
which are experiencing decrease in land cover; thus,
making them more prone to soil erosion. Furthermore,
problem soils are dominant in areas with steep slopes,
poor drainage, coarse textures, and fertility limitations.
Steep slopes - These are areas with slopes ranging
from 18% and above. In the Philippines, it is a common scenario to see extensive areas of first
class croplands being utilized for housing and other non-agricultural purposes such as subdivisions,
Sloping agricultural lands
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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golf courses, cemetery and other industrial complexes. These precious soils/lands are irreversibly
deprived of agricultural production. What happens is that people are now trying to scratch a living
from areas that are not suitable for farming such as those in the mountainsides, to the extent even
encroaching in the forest reserves. This situation worsens soil degradation that causes major
decline in agricultural production. About 9 million hectares are steep slopes or about 30% of the
total land area.
Poor drainage – Most soils of the low lying areas in the alluvial landscape are poorly drained. They
are water- logged or flooded for most part of the year. They include Fluvaquents (12,800 ha) and
Hydraquents (78,080 ha) that are associated to Tropaquents and Tropaquepts. Though they are
best suited for lowland rice, they are not suitable for vegetables and fruit trees. However, these
soils can be drained to remove excess moisture to upgrade its suitability to other uses.
Coarse texture soils – These soils have less than 18% clay and more than 65% sand or have
gravels or stones, boulders or rock outcrops in the surface layers or in the subsurface. These soils
belong to the Tropopsamments along with other skeletall phases of other great soil groups that
extend to about 482,849 ha or 1.6% of the total land area.” (NAP-DLDD 2010-2020)
Heavy cracking clays - Soils classified as Vertisols, belonging to Maligaya, Bantog, San
Fernando, Bigaa, Malinta, Sta. Rita, Candaba, Awayan, and
Mahipon soil series are derived from transported materials in broad
alluvial plain and outwash fan. These soils have 30% or more clay
to at least 50 cm from the surface after the 20 cm of the soil are
mixed, cracks, at least 1 cm wide at 50 cm depth and high bulk
density between the cracks. These are the Vertisols classified as
Uderts and Usterts that comprise a total land area of 765,388 or
2.6% of the total land area. In areas where there is abundant water,
they are planted to lowland rice although corn and tobacco are also
found. In Central Plain of Luzon, rice is sometimes rotated to diversified crops or vegetables during
summer. (Ibid)
Heavy cracking clay
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Severe fertility limitations – Degraded acid soils are described as generally well drained and
deep with extensively low fertility as Ultisols and Oxisols classified as Haplustults and Haplustox at
the great group level. Initial results conducted in Palawan province by the BSWM and the University
of the Philippines at Los Baños (UPLB) showed that of the province’ total area of 1,474,570 ha,
26,320 ha are acidic (Atienza, 1991). Almost all nutrients are very low resulting to low productivity.
Ultisols are acidic soils with argillic horizon with less than 35% base saturation. They are the red
soils classified and mapped extensively as Adtuyon, Castilla, Tugbok, Luisiana and Sampalok soil
series. It is estimated that about 12,000,000 ha or 39.2% have severe fertility limitations of varying
kinds and degree.
Saline soils – Saline-sodic soils with more than 8 milli Siemens/cm are mainly situated in coastal
areas and extend to almost 400,000 ha or 1.33% of the total areas. Drainage and flushing are
methods to eliminate excess salts. Planting salt-tolerant crops is one way to manage these areas.
Acid sulfate soils – abundance of sulfates and organic
matter in sediments of mangrove areas favors the
formation of acid sulfate soils. As organic matter
decomposes, the sulfates are converted to sulfides. These
sulfides may combine with iron in the soil to form iron
sulfide. With further transformation, iron sulfide produces
pyrite, the mineral source of acid sulfate soils. When used
for fishpond, especially in mangrove swamps, the pyrites are exposed. Combined with oxygen from
the air, pyrites produce sulfuric acid. Thus, when submerged, acid sulfate soils maybe neutral, but
upon exposure, the pH drops to less than four (4).
The older acid sulfate soils are classified as Sulfic Tropaquepts while the younger one is classified
as Sulfaquents. The Sulfic Tropaquepts are seasonally submerged and grown to paddy rice. If not
irrigated, no dry season crops can be grown because of increased acidity. They are only suitable
for aquatic food crops. The Sulfaquents, on the other hand, are potential acid sulfate soils covered
with riverrine soil. These soils are near neutral in reaction at their present water saturated condition
but become extremely acidic when drained. The management risks are either acidification in times
of drought or salinization.
Acid sulfate soils
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Soil survey reports revealed large tracts of acid sulfate soils, covering the provinces of Misamis
Oriental, Bicol, Cagayan, Pangasinan, Quezon, Iloilo, Capiz, Aklan and Negros Occidental. A total
of 27,000 hectares or 0.1% of the total area are acid sulfate soils.
Peat soils – defined as a soil containing at least 65% organic matter. In the tropics it is formed from
decayed leaves, stems and root of plants that have accumulated in a water saturated environment
in the absence of oxygen. Peat comprises more than 90% water. Peat lands are essentially water
bodies although trees can grow and people can walk on them. Peat soils have the smallest
terrestrial store of carbon. It stores more carbon than the vegetation of the whole world which is
equivalent to 75% of all carbon in the atmosphere. There is no doubt that their continued
degradation will accelerate global climate change.
In the Philippines, two sites with substantial areas of peat have
been found: Agusan Marsh and Sab-a Basin in Leyte. The Sab-a is
a west-east elongated basin close to the north coast of Leyte
separated from it by a metamorphic ridge. Total area is 3,088 ha of
which 44% have been reclaimed for agricultural uses. The
remaining unutilized peat lands (1,710 ha) in eastern half of the
basin consist of small remnant areas of swamp forest and
sedges/grass swamp forest (ADB, 2000). The two smaller peat basin in areas of Daguitan (210 ha)
and Kapiwasan (430 ha) have mostly been converted to agricultural land.
The Agusan Marsh may hold the largest area of peat land in the Philippines. At present, there is no
reliable estimate of the area and distribution of peat in Agusan marsh. Two areas were confirmed,
namely: 1) North of Bunawan 2) West of Caimpugan which exhibits characteristics of a peat dome.
The Histosols are represented by the Dolongan series in Samar. The production constraint in these
soils is not the high acidity of the soil but rather the extreme nutrient deficiency and the soils’
adverse physical condition. The production constraints include the irreversible drying of the peat
soil, subsidence, poor root anchorage and poor trafficability due to low bearing capacity. A total of
16,000 hectares or 0.1% of the total land area are considered peat soils.
Peat soils
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Mine tailings and polluted soils – Mining industry if not properly managed had been detrimental
to the environment much so in agriculture. In 1995, a significant leak was discovered in the pit
drainage tunnel of Boac, Marinduque. The disaster resulted in the release of 1.6 cubic meters of
tailings along 27 kilometers of the river and the coastal areas. The rush of tailings displaced river
water which inundated low-lying areas, destroying crop and vegetable gardens and clogging
irrigation channels to rice fields. The release of the mine tailings left Boac River virtually dead. The
effects of the incident were so devastating that a UN assessment mission declared the accident to
be a major environmental disaster. The toxic spills immediately caused flash flood which isolated
five villages, with a population of 4,400 people along the far side of Boac River. Barangay
Hinapluan was buried under six feet of muddy floodwater. Four hundred (400) families had fled to
higher grounds.
The government estimates that the toxic tailings waste
killed PhP1.8 million worth of mature freshwater and
marine and PhP5 million bangus fry. The 27-kilometer
Boac River which is the main source of livelihood for
those who are not part of the 1,000 strong workforce by
Marcopper, has been declared dead by the government
officials. The Department of Health (DOH) came up
with a report that residents could already be harboring
in their bodies amounts of zinc and copper which are beyond tolerable limits. The estimated total
area of mine tailings or polluted soils caused by mining is about 22,000 hectares or 0.1% of the
total land area of the country.
Aside from problem soils which are dominant in areas with steep slopes, poor drainage, coarse
textures, and fertility limitations, there are anthropogenic factors that contribute to soil degradation.
With the increasing demand for food as a result of increasing population, excessive application of
synthetic fertilizers and herbicides resulted to soil acidity, soil pollution and actual silent soil
degradation known as soil mining. The latter is related to soil nutrient imbalance and micro-nutrient
deficiencies such zinc in rice and magnesium in corn. Due to continuous use of single element
fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, the level of soil phosphorus and potassium decreased and the need
Mine tailings
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to apply more fertilizers to address deficiencies in trace elements became more evident in the long
run. As a consequence, crop yield stagnated and cost of production increased thereby affecting
farm income.
In addition, the need for larger food production area and housing triggered the encroachment in
forestlands and in areas with steep slopes. At present, corn is planted even in very steep slopes
because of the requirement to produce more yellow corn that will serve as feed to livestock and
poultry. These corn areas exhibited cases of gully erosion as well as loss of agro-biodiversity loss.
Soils became bare and weed species that are commonly seen in the area could no longer be found
because of heavy application of herbicides Likewise, slash and burn agriculture is still a common
practice in areas not reached by production support services by the government. The cutting down
and burning of trees and grasses and basic slope cultivation without incorporating soil conservation
management strategies would result to land degradation. Lands destroyed by gullying can even
extend to the upper part of the watershed. It is estimated that a total of 13,559,492 ha have been
moderately to severely affected by erosion.
Another causal factor of soil degradation in the Philippines is related to policy formulation and
enforcement. The absence of a comprehensive policy or the enactment of the proposed National
Land Use Act resulted to illegal conversions of agricultural lands to non-agricultural lands, pre-
mature development of lands even if the application for land use reclassification is still on-going,
encroachment of informal settlers and commercial establishments in some ecologically fragile
lands. On one hand, in areas where zonings are in place, zoning ordinances are not strictly
implemented partly because of the absence of police power of the concerned local government
units in enforcing land use and land conversion laws. There is contradicting LGU’s concern or
Corn production area in Isabela showing gully erosion
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interest between proper zoning and prioritizing urban/industrial development which is relevant to
land conversion (NAP-DLDD 2015-2025).
1.1.2 State of the Philippine Water Resources
With an annual average rainfall of about 2,400 millimeters, the Philippines, compared with other
countries, is blessed with abundant water resources, both surface and groundwater, which can be
tapped for all purposes, particularly for agriculture. Our country is endowed with 421 river basins in
119 proclaimed watershed areas, 20 of which are major river basins. In addition, about 50,000 km2
of groundwater reservoir is available contributing about 14% of the total water resource potential of
the country (EMB, 2007).
While many of our problems with water supply are brought about by uneven distribution of rainfall
spatially and temporally, this scenario is aggravated by the noticeable climate change in recent
years attributed directly or indirectly to human activities. As such, extreme weather events like the
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Niña phenomena occur at a two to three year cycle
from the previous five-year interval (PAGASA, undated) resulting to more damage to property, loss
of livelihood and threats to food security (PNCC, 2009). Consequently, climate change is
manifesting radical change such as increasingly erratic rainfall patterns, increasing evaporation,
decreasing stream flow of rivers and rising temperatures (Kelland, 2010). For instance, a significant
decrease in streamflow was observed during the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 ENSO events in the
Pantabangan-Carranglan watersheds that service a total area of 103,000 hectares across 24
municipalities in Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, and Pampanga provinces (Lasco et al., 2006). Further, at
the height of drought, water level in Angat dam, the major source of water supply for Metro Manila,
fell below the critical level, forcing the government to curtail the delivery of irrigation water to some
25,000 hectares in Bulacan and Pampanga in order to meet the domestic and industrial water
needs of Metro Manila. Hence, these events only point to a looming scarcity of water supply not
only for agricultural purposes but also for other purposes.
In irrigated agriculture, inadequacy of water in recent years is compounded by, among others, the
deterioration of water quality, inefficiency of water use, over-extraction of groundwater resources,
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inadequate rainwater harvesting facilities, competing water use for other purposes, and
uncertainties of availability of water supply due to climate change.
With these issues at hand and the need to prepare for the onslaught of climate change, regular
updating of the country’s inventory of water resources is deemed necessary. Table 3 shows the
latest inventory of water resources concerns in the country.
Table 3. Inventory of Water Resources Concerns in the Philippines
Water Resources Concerns Facts/Figures Source
1. Average annual rainfall 2,400mm PAGASA, undated
2. Annual average runoff 3. Surface Water
a. No. of major river basins b. No. of principal rivers c. No. of classified inland water bodies d. No. of proclaimed watershed areas e. No. of natural lakes
1,000mm
20 421 611 119 59
PAGASA
NWRB, 2006
EMB, 2007 EMB, 2007
4. Ground water (GW) a. Ground water reservoir area b. Estimated volume of ground water
available c. Ground water consumers by sector Domestic sector Agriculture sector Industrial sector Other sectors
50,000 km2
260,000 MCM
53% 25% 14% 8%
EMB, 2007 EMB, 2007
NWRB, 2006 EMB National Quality Report (2006-2013)
5. For Freshwater Bodies Classification No. of Class AA water bodies No. of Class A water bodies No. of Class B water bodies No. of Class C water bodies No. of Class D water bodies
5 239 197 333 27
EMB-DENR, 2013
6. Sources of Water Pollution:
a. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (from point sources) Domestic sources Agriculture Industry
4,500,000 MT/YR (CY 2013)
31% 45% 24%
EMB-C.O., NWQSR
2006-2013
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Water Resources Concerns Facts/Figures Source
b. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (from
non-point sources) Agricultural run-off Urban run off Forest runoff
61% 29% 10%
EMB-C.O. NWQSR
2006-2013
7. 45 Abstraction Permits granted Agriculture (irrigation & fisheries) Domestic use Industrial, Commercial &
Recreational purposes
81% 8% 11%
NWRB, 2013
8. On Rainwater Harvesting Facilities Developed Nationwide Small-scale irrigation systems (number
of units) SWIPs Diversion Dam SFRs Spring development Pump irrigation systems Shallow tube well/Pump irrigation
system for Open Source (PISOS) Alternative Irrigation System using
alternative prime movers - solar pump - ram pump - wind pump
640 1,563
25,227 554 22
39,566
190 100 92
BSWM, Summary of the Inventory of
Small-scale Irrigation Projects
(SSIPs), 2017
9. Data on Saltwater Intrusion Sea level rise (1970 – 1999) % of coastal municipalities affected
in Luzon % of coastal municipalities affected
in Visayas % of coastal municipalities affected
in Mindanao
15cm 28%
20%
29%
Greenpeace, 2003, Rellin et al., 1999 as cited by
Perez, 2002
10. Data on Damage Effect of the 1997-1998
El Niṅo Episode on Rice & Corn, Livestock & poultry; and fisheries sector Production loss on rice & corn Decreased in livestock & poultry
population Estimated production losses of
fisheries sector
1.809 M tons (45.5%)
282.7 tons
PCARRD, 2001
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Based on the Environmental Management Bureau National Quality Report (2006-2013) on
freshwater bodies classification, five (5) freshwater bodies are classified as Class AA, or waters
requiring only disinfection in order to meet the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
(PNSDW), while 239 are Class A or waters that require complete treatment like coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. One hundred ninety seven (197) are Class B waters that
can be used for primary recreation such as bathing and swimming, 333 Class C water for fisheries
and other aquatic resources purposes while only 27 water bodies are Class D which can be
allowed for use in agriculture, irrigation, livestock and for industrial cooling purposes.
Although it seems that rainfall is abundant in the Philippines, water distribution in terms of quality
and quantity is extremely variable. Seasonal aridity is evident during the dry season in most areas
of the country. Supply rarely coincides with demand and more often, water tends to be available in
the wrong place, at the wrong time with the wrong quality (NAP DLDD (2010-2020). In terms of
water availability, data from a study conducted by JICA and NWRB estimated the Philippines total
available freshwater resources at 145,900 million cubic meters (MCM) per year (Table 4).
Table 4. Water availability projection in MCM/year by water resources region
Water Resour
ces Region
Groundwater
Surface Water @ 80%
Dependability
Total Potential
Water Demand in 2025
Estimated available water in
2025
I 1,248 3,250 4,498 3,041 1,457
II 2,825 8,510 11,335 12,466 -1,131
III 1,721 7,890 9,611 18,168 -8,557
IV 1,410 6,370 7,780 10,052 -2,272
V 1,085 3,060 4,145 4,167 -22
VI 1,144 14,200 15,341 7,595 7,749
VII 879 2,060 2,939 2,729 210
VIII 2,557 9,350 11,907 1,956 9,951
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Water Resour
ces Region
Groundwater
Surface Water @ 80%
Dependability
Total Potential
Water Demand in 2025
Estimated available water in
2025
IX 1,082 12,100 13,182 4,598 8,584
X 2,116 29,000 31,116 3,682 27,434
XI 2,375 11,300 13,675 4,141 9,534
XII 1,758 18,700 20,458 12,806 7,652
TOTAL 20,200 125,790 145,990 85,401 60,586
(Source: Master Plan for Water Resources Development in the Philippines, JICA-NWRB, 1998)
In 2013, the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) granted abstraction permits with the
agriculture sector having granted the most abstraction permit at 81%, while the remaining 19%
abstraction permit was shared between and among the domestic uses (8%) and industrial,
commercial and recreational purposes (11%).
Table 5. Summary of Inventory of Small-scale Irrigation Projects (SSIPs) Nationwide
Type of SSIP
1974 to 2017
Number of Units
Service Area (in hectares)
Farmer beneficiaries
Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) 640 27,934.25 24,076
Diversion Dam (DD) 1,563 53,983.34 47,377
Spring Development (SD) 554 2,367.17 3,241
Small Farm Reservoir (SFR) 25,227 26,042.50 25,946
Shallow Tube Well (STW)/ Pump Irrigation System for Open Source (PISOS)
39,566 117,261.75 68,405
Alternative Irrigation System using Alternative prime Movers
382 1,321.00 2,027
Solar Pump 190 631.00 971
Ram Pump 100 402.00 647
Wind Pump 92 288.00 409
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Type of SSIP
1974 to 2017
Number of Units
Service Area (in hectares)
Farmer beneficiaries
TOTAL
67,954
229,884.15
171,744
As of December 2017, there are 67,954 units of small-scale irrigation systems (SSIS) established
nationwide with 171,744 farmer beneficiaries, as shown in Table 5. The total service area of SSIPs
is 229,884.15 hectares contributing 12% to the national irrigation development (1,855,982.17
hectares based on the National Irrigation Administration report).
On water pollution problems, major sources of water
pollution include those from biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), pollution from key potential sources
and from key non-point sources. Pollution occurs when
water running over the land surface and through the
ground collects natural or human-made pollutants and
deposits to the water bodies.
Using BOD as the measure of pollution load, it is estimated that 4,500,000 MT of BOD was
generated by pollution point sources, as seen in Figure 1 (EMB, 2013). Pollution from key potential
sources comes from industries (24%), agriculture (45%) and domestic (31%). Agriculture sector
had the highest contribution in the pollution because of the high organic content of wastewater from
livestock and poultry production and there are no appropriate wastewater treatment facilities in
agro-industries.
Water pollution
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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29%
61%
10%
Urban runoff
Agricultural runoff
Forest runoff
Figure 1. BOD Contribution from Point Sources, 2013
Likewise, pollution from non-point sources is estimated based on land uses-agricultural, forest and
urban, as shown in Figure 2. The BOD loading from non-point sources is estimated to be at
465,595 metric tons. Agriculture (61%) is contributing the highest pollution at almost ¾ of the total
key non-point sources, followed by urban runoff (29%), while forest runoff has the least at only
10%.
Figure 2.BOD contribution from non-point sources, 2013
Saltwater intrusion was reported to be evident in nearly 28% of coastal municipalities in Luzon,
20% in the Visayas, and 29% in Mindanao. Additionally, an average sea level rise of about 15 cm
was observed between 1970–1979 in Metro Manila, Legaspi City and Davao which later on could
affect 64 of the 81 provinces which will be flooded and cause seawater to enter freshwater tables.
45%
31%
24% agriculture
domestic
industry
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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On the other hand, the 1997-1998
El Niño Episode caused significant
damage to the agriculture sector.
Production losses on rice and corn
combined was reported at about
1.81 million tons amounting to
about PhP 12.37 billion and affecting almost a million hectares. Also, the livestock and poultry
population was drastically reduced by 45.5%, while losses in the fisheries sector was estimated at
282,668 tons valued at PhP 8.3 billion.
1.2 The SWRRD/E Network (1999-2003)
Primarily, the development of this document spins off from the “Lupa at Tubig” the Philippine
National Program on Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension 1999-2003,
prepared by the National Soil and Water Resources RD/E Network in 1998. It has become a
national program of the DA under the orchestration of the Philippine Council for Agriculture,
Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (DOST-PCARRD) and DA-BAR. The
BSWM of the DA served as the lead agency of the network with national and island/regional
member-institutions, the former consisting of the following:
University of the Philippines at Los Baños (UPLB)
Central Luzon State University (CLSU)
Visayas State University (VSU)
University of Southern Mindanao (USM)
National Irrigation Administration (NIA)
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
The NSWRRD/EA Program aims to conserve and enhance the land and water resources of the
country for the development of sustainable, modernized and competitive agriculture and fishery
industries. It intends to address the technical, institutional, socio-economic and environmental
concerns that affect soil and water resources utilization and management. Specifically, the program
aims:
Salt water intrusion
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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1. To enhance and sustain the productivity of prime, marginal and degraded agricultural
lands;
2. To develop effective, efficient and environmentally sound strategies for soil and water
conservation management and utilization stakeholders; and make them available to
various users and stakeholders;
3. To enhance partnership and capacity of all stakeholders in planning and implementation of
research and dissemination programs for sustainable land management systems;
4. To develop, test and promote community-based institutional mechanisms that encourage
the use of sustainable soil and water conservation management systems;
5. To enhance human resource development on soil and water resources management; and
6. To promote workable policy options and advice, including issues concerning equity
(gender, resource access, tenure).
The Program is guided by the framework below. It recognizes two important components: the soil
conservation and management sub-network and the water conservation and management sub-
network to develop the soil and water conservation and management strategies geared to achieve
the sustainability of soil and water resources for agriculture, land productivity, soil resilience and
water security. Stakeholders’ participation is seen as key activity to promote the conservation and
management of these two vital resources.
The SWRRD/E Program Framework (1998-2003)
Soil Conservation &
Management Sub - network
Stakeholders’ Participatoin Stakeholders’ Participation
Water Conservation & Management Sub -
network
Soil and Conservation &
Management Strategie
• Sustainability of Soil & Water Resources
• Land Productivity
• Soil Resilience
• Water Security
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1.3. The National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development / Extension Agenda (2010-2016)
.
Prioritizing R & D on soil and water resources would improve production of many commodities as
these resources are the foundation of sustainable agricultural production and sustainable ecological
balance.
In an effort to promote soil and water resources as major players in achieving sustainable
agricultural production, soil health, food safety and security, a soil and water research and
development agenda was formulated to harmonize the research and development efforts and
collaboration of various stakeholders, government agencies and DA regional field units in handling
the problems that aggravate soil and water conditions.
The role of extension is deemed vital in the conservation and management of these two vital
resources, thus the R & D with extension support is needed to pass on the outputs of R & D to the
stakeholders and thus complete the process from R & D generation to knowledge management and
utilization, complementary to the National Extension System for Agriculture and Fisheries (NESAF)
as adopted by the DA being the overall extension system for agriculture and fishery in the country.
The framework of the NSWRRD/EA (2010-2016) as shown in Figure 3 was aligned with the BAR’s
Research and Development Extension Agenda and Programs (RDEAP) for 2011-2016 and with the
Philippine National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (DLDD)
2010-2020 as convergence of actions for the DA, DAR, DENR and DOST provides the R & D
challenge on DLDD. As recognized by the UNCCD, there is weak empirical bases, thus there is
need to develop scientific and technical knowledge on DLDD including vulnerability assessment of
exposed areas and the establishment of ecosystem-friendly technologies.
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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• Enhanced and sustained productivity of prime marginal and degraded lands
• Effective, efficient and environment ally sound strategies for soil and water conservation, management and utilization
• Strengthened partnership, collaboration and networking
• Enhanced institutional capacity including human resource development and upgrading of facilities
• Created soil and water resource-based livelihood opportunities
• Formulated and advocated environmental policies
Prime Lands
Degraded Lands
Soil-related concerns
Cross cutting concerns: enabling environment
Water-related concerns
Sustainable Soil and Water Resources
• Land Productivity
• Soil Resiliency
• Water Security for Agriculture
Domain/Concerns
Outcomes
Output
Soil and Water Conservation and
Management Strategies
Means
Figure 3. National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development / Extension Agenda Framework (2010-2016)
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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1.4 Rationale and Process in the Updating of the NSWRRD/Extension Agenda
It is imperative to update the National Soil and Water Resources Research & Development /
Extension Agenda (NSWRRD/EA) in consideration of various global, regional and national
partnerships and initiatives on soil and water management. Prioritization of programs and projects
to be carried out should take into account how expected outputs that will be generated from R&D
can contribute to the expected outcomes of the collaboration.
At the global level, the United Nations set 17 global goals in 2015 which are collectively called as
Sustainable Development Goals. One of the SDGs is target number 15.3 which states that by 2030,
combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification,
drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world”. Land Degradation
Neutrality (LDN) has been defined by the Parties to the UNCCD as a state whereby the amount
and quality of land resources, necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance
food security, remains stable or increases within specified temporal and spatial scales and
ecosystems. As the Philippine focal point agency on the United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification (UNCCD), the BSWM spearheaded the target setting for land degradation neutrality
in the Philippines to support the SDG 15.3 target.
In addition, the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) was established in December 2012 as a mechanism
to develop a strong interactive partnership and enhanced collaboration and synergy of efforts
between all stakeholders to improve the governance and promote sustainable management of
soils. The GSP paved the way for creation of the Asian Soil Partnership (ASP). One of the five (5)
pillars of action of GSP and ASP is Research and Development which focuses on the development
and implementation of a global strategy for soils research and development (R&D) to enhance the
ability of soils to make important contributions to ecosystem services and proposes a framework for
implementation of concrete action plans and programs. Further, the Revised World Soil Charter
and Voluntary Guidelines on Sustainable Soil Management serve as reference documents in the
formulation of national policy on sustainable management of soils to address the top ten soil
threats. Another global action is the creation of the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative which was
launched in September 2011 and aims to develop a coherent platform for promoting the translation
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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of expert knowledge on soil biodiversity into environmental policy and sustainable land
management for the protection and enhancement of ecosystem services.
At the national level, the NSWRRD/EA is aligned to the DA-BAR’s RDEAP (2016-2022) and
Organic Agriculture RDEAP. Likewise, researches related to water resources management are
aligned to the R&D component of the National Master Plan for Small Scale Irrigation Projects
(SSIPs) (2014-2022) was formulated basically to provide direction in prioritizing projects for
irrigation development and targeting agricultural production areas appropriate for SSIPs. On
concerns regarding land degradation, the NSWRRD/EA complemented the programs indicated in
the Aligned Philippine National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and
Drought (FY 205-2025) with an over-all goal to support the national agenda on poverty reduction
and environmental sustainability through strengthened partnership and convergence of actions to
prevent land degradation and mitigate the impacts of drought.
As an agency mandated to advise and render assistance on matters relative to the utilization and
management of soils and water as vital agricultural resources, the BSWM through the Soil and
Water Resources Research Division (SWRRD), implemented a two-pronged process in the
updating of the NSWRRD/EA. The top-down approach was utilized to consider global and regional
commitments as well as bottom-up approach to solicit comments from major stakeholders (Figure
4). Consultation workshops were organized from July to October 2017 to identify problems and
issues on soil and water management including the priority researchable areas and expected
outputs. Documents on research policy directions were also reviewed to ensure complementation
of research and development priorities and thrusts. The workshops were carried out in major
islands of the country (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao) and participated by various stakeholders (i.e.
researchers and scientists from academe; national government agencies, and funding institutions).
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROCESS Top-down Bottom up Consultative-workshops
Sectoral consultations
Global/ regional
initiatives &
partnerships
INPUTS DA-BAR RDEAP 2016-
2022 Soil & Water
Resources Roadmap 2016-2022
SSIP Masterplan (2014-2022)
Aligned NAP- DLDD (2015-2025)
Organic Agriculture
RDEAP
OUTPUT SOIL & WATER
R &D/E
2017-2022
Top down – based on international & national commitments
Bottom up – draw collegial commitments from sectoral groups
and various disciplines
Figure 4. Process Carried Out in the Formulation of the Updated National Soil and Water Resources Research &Development/Extension Agenda
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
Page 23
II. The National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/
Extension Agenda (NSWRRD/EA), 2017 - 2022
2.1 Goal
To ensure sustainable management of soil and water resources of the country to contribute
towards productivity of the agriculture and fishery sector.
2.2 Objectives
General:
To generate science-based soil and water resources information; develop and deliver innovative
technologies on soil and water management to stakeholders to address land degradation, agro-
biodiversity loss and climate change.
Specific:
1. To enhance and sustain the productivity of prime agricultural lands, and rehabilitate degraded
lands;
2. To create opportunities for agri-based livelihood while sustaining productivity of soil and water
resources;
3. To enhance institutional capacity including human resources development and upgrading of
facilities;
4. To strengthen partnership, collaboration and networking of all stakeholders in planning and
implementing RD/E agenda and programs for sustainable land management systems; and
5. To formulate and advocate environmental policy options, including issues concerning equity
(i.e. gender, resource access, tenure).
Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
Page 24
2.3 NSWRRD/EA Framework
The development of the NSWRRD/E Agenda is guided by the framework as presented in Figure 5.
The Philippines is committed to address major environmental concerns – the international
commitment on combating soil/land degradation, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and
biodiversity conservation; and national commitment towards improving agricultural productivity,
ensuring food and nutrition security, and environmental protection.
The updated NSWRRD/E Agenda addresses the challenge on declining quality of soils/agricultural
lands as manifested by the following top ten soil threats according to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (U.N.): soil erosion, soil organic carbon loss, nutrient imbalance,
soil acidification, soil contamination, waterlogging, soil compaction, soil sealing, salinization and
loss of soil biodiversity. A paradigm shift is needed to ensure that soil and water resources which
serve as sustainable habitat for agriculture and agri-based livelihood. Two major strategies could
be carried out to which will include soil carbon stock development and surface and shallow
groundwater development. To implement these strategies, the following activities should be
considered: a) soil health improvement; b) long-term monitoring and data warehousing and c) water
resources development and management. The geographical domains include both the prime and
marginal/degraded lands. The former are the key production areas while the latter are the idle and
underutilized areas subject to various forms of degradation.
Through the conduct of research and development/extension projects that will improve soil and
water quality, it is expected that the outputs that will be generated can contribute to the attainment
of the following outputs:
Enhanced and sustained productivity of prime, marginal and degraded lands;
Effective, efficient and environmentally sound strategies for soil and water conservation,
management and utilization;
Strengthened partnership, collaboration and networking;
Enhanced institutional capacity including human resource development and upgrading of
facilities;
Created soil and water resource-based livelihood opportunities; and
Formulated and advocated environmental policies
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
Page 25
COMMODITY-BASED R & D
CHALLENGE & ISSUE: Declining quality of soils/agricultural lands
[LAND DEGRADATION] COMMODITY-BASED R & D
Sustainable Habitat for Agriculture &
Agri-based Livelihood
Area-Based Food Security
Surface & shallow groundwater development Soil carbon stock development
Soil health improvement & management
Water resources development & management
Long-term Monitoring, Data warehousing
COMMODITY-BASED R & D
Figure 5. Strategic Framework for the National Soil and Water Resources R & D/Extension Agenda and Inter-sectoral Partnership for Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity (Food Security, Environment and Climate Change Nexus Relative to Soil & Water R & D)
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
Page 26
2.4 Updated NSWRRD/E Agenda & NAP-DLDD Complementation
Recognizing the significance of conserving and managing land and water resources to address the
challenges of land degradation, drought, climate change and food insecurity, the DA-BSWM
spearheaded the formulation of the updated Philippine National Action Plan to Combat
Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (NAP-DLDD) (2015-2025) and the NSWRRD/E
Agenda 2017-2022.
As the UNCCD Philippine Focal Agency to fulfill the country’s commitment, the BSWM initiated the
participatory updating of the NAP-DLDD in accordance with the 10-year strategic framework of the
UNCCD to enhance its implementation at the country level. The NAP-DLDD is a land and water
centered action plan and it serves as a comprehensive and well-focused policy instrument and
provide the platform of convergence of actions of the four umbrella agencies in the country, namely;
DA, DAR, DENR and DOST. The over-all goal of the aligned NAP-DLDD is to support the national
agenda on poverty reduction and ensuring environmental sustainability through strengthened
partnership and convergence of actions to prevent land degradation and mitigate the impacts of
droughts.
The NAP-DLDD complements the NSWRRD/EA in terms of objectives, programs and priority
landscapes and geographical domain. It has five (5) strategic approaches, namely: a) sustainable
land management in agriculture and natural resources; b) watershed level management; c) building
partnership for resource mobilization; d) mainstreaming SLM as adaptation platform for climate
change; and scaling- up SLM best practices. Both plans focus on sustainable soil/land and water
resources conservation, utilization and management; strengthening institutional capacity and
partnership; harmonization of enabling policies and raising awareness on land and water concerns
through information, education and communication campaign. On priority geographical landscapes,
both will give due emphasis on degraded soils/lands in areas with high poverty incidence of the
country.
The program/project proposals that are listed in the NAP-DLDD and NSWRRD/EA will be reviewed
by the National and Regional Technical Coordinating Committees under the Interagency
Committee on DLDD. Appropriate implementing mechanisms will be developed to increase
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
Page 27
collaboration and networking among NGA, Civil Society Organizations (CSO), Local Government
Units (LGU) and the academe thereby strengthening convergence of actions.
2.5 NSWRRD/E Agenda
The NSWRRD/E Agenda sets the direction of soil/land and water resources research in the
Philippines for the next five (5) years. It serves as planning tool to prioritize and allocate resources
for agricultural R & D. It is supplemental to the current RDEAP 2016-2022 of the DA- BAR.
The NSWRRD/E Agenda focused on the following programs:
Soil Health Improvement
Conservation and Management of Soil Biodiversity
Organic Agriculture
Mitigation of Soil and Water Pollution
Effective Watershed Management for Improved Agricultural Productivity
Assessment and Control of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation
Soil and Water Conservation and Management
Enhancement of Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization
Water Resources Development and Water Productivity Enhancement
Management and Fertility Rehabilitation of Problem Soils
Soil and Water Resources Database and System Development
Laboratory Test Methods Validation and Verification
Extension Modalities
The Agenda is presented in matrix form in terms of the following: problems/ issues/ concerns, the
researchable areas, expected output and technology to be derived, possible implementing
agencies, thematic areas including the priority commodities and timeline of implementation.
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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The National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development / Extension Agenda (2017-2022)
PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
SOIL HEALTH
IMPROVEMENT
Soil fertility decline and physical constraints
Improvement in the efficiency of fertilizer use
Validated site-specific fertilizer recommendations based on SSNM (Site-specific Nutrient Management) and RCM (Rice Crop Manager) Improved nutrient use efficiency (using nanotechnology, tracer techniques and other technologies)
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe, PhilRice, LGUs, DOST-PNRI
Rice, corn, sugarcane, high value commercial crops (i.e. coffee, cacao, fruits and vegetables crops)
2018-2022
Updating and validation of fertilizer recommendation for conventionally grown crops and development of fertilizer recommendation for organically grown crops
Updated and validated fertilizer recommendation for conventionally grown crops Developed fertilizer recommendation for crops cultivated under organic production system
BSWM, DA-RFOs, academe, PhilRice, LGUs
Rice, corn, cassava, adlay, sugarcane, vegetable crops
2018-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Soil degradation
Assessment and mapping of soil carbon stock in different production systems
Database and maps on soil carbon stock as input to soil fertility maps Land Management Unit (LMU) map with soil carbon stock
BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Rice, corn, vegetables, adlay, coffee and cacao
2018-2022
Nationwide determination and monitoring of soil health
Soil heath maps Philippine soil health atlas (soil physical, chemical, biological characteristics including land use & vegetation) Thematic and derived maps such as suitability and fertility maps
BSWM, DA RFOs, PhilRice DENR, Academe
Rice,corn, adlay, cassava, fruit and vegetable crops, (i.e. mango, pineapple, lanzones, citrus, papaya, guyabano, dragonfruit, durian, mangosteen, jackfruit, passion
2019-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
fruit,banana, citrus), plantation crops (i.e.. coffee and cacao)
Improvement of soil conservation and rejuvenation process
Location specific recommendations on appropriate soil conservation management technologies and practices Soil conservation and rejuvenation techno- guidebook
BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Rice, corn, cassava, fruits and vegetable crops, root crops
2018-2019
Assessment of soil degradation
Soil degradation map BSWM, DA-RFOs Academe
Corn, upland rice and high value commercial crops
2018-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Zinc deficiency in irrigated/ water-logged areas
Assessment and mapping of zinc-deficient areas
Assessment report and map of zinc-deficient areas
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe, LGU, Farmers
Rice 2018-2022
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BIODIVERSITY
Decreasing level of soil biodiversity
Soil biodiversity analysis in different types of production systems and climatic conditions
Biodiversity analysis of different production system & climatic patterns Development of Philippine soil biodiversity atlas
BSWM, Academe, DA RFOs, LGUs
Rice, corn, cassava, fruit and vegetable crops
2018-2022
Identification of beneficial soil micro-organisms for improving crop productivity
Identified new strains of beneficial micro-organisms for enhancing crop productivity Identification of PGPRs (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and PSM (Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms)
BSWM, Academe, DA RFOs, LGUs
Rice,corn, cassava, fruit and vegetable crops, (i.e. mango, pineapple, lanzones, citrus, papaya, guyabano, dragonfruit, durian,
2017-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Development of bio-indicators for improving crop productivity
mangosteen, jackfruit,passion fruit,banana, citrus), plantation crops (i.e. coffee and cacao)
Impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on soil quality (SQ)
Assessment report on the negative impacts of IAS on SQ
BSWM, DA RFOs, Academe
Rice, corn, high value commercial crops
2017-2022
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Soil fertility decline (macro and micro-nutrient deficiency)
Management of soil and water resources as habitat for organic agriculture Microbial-based inoculants/ bio-fertilizers
Site-specific soil and water management technologies and practices under organic production systems Improved quality and efficacy of microbial-based inoculants/bio-fertilizer
BSWM, DA RFOs, Academe
Rice, corn, high value commercial crops
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AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Technology on use of MBI/BF (microbial-based inoculants/biofertilizers)
Improper disposal of agricultural, market and food wastes; and Low quality/non-compliance of organic soil amendments with the minimum requirements specified in the Philippine National Standards
Improvement of organic fertilizer/composting methods/processes
Guidelines/Standards on composting method/procedures to meet quality requirements Improved technology on organic fertilizer/compost/organic plant supplement production and application Updated information on the efficiency of organic fertilizer coupled with soil health and environmental quality measurements
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFOs, LGUs, BAFS
Rice, corn, coconut, banana, pineapple, dragonfruit, plantation crops (i.e. abaca and coffee)
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Presence of pesticide residues/ contaminants in soil and water
Identification of appropriate buffer zones; and technologies & practices to control contamination/pollution from surrounding farms
Developed protocols for soil and water management in organic rice production systems
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe, BPI
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2020
Efficiency of catchment/ filter ponds
Appropriate design of catchment/ filter ponds
Limited information on science-based bio-fertilization
Development, pilot testing, and verification trials of aloevera + micronutrients-based biofertilizer
Bio-fertilizer for rootcrops developed and tested; certification and registration of products developed
PhilRootcroops, NPRCRTC, Private Sector, LGUs, selected NGOs & POs, DA, BPI
Rootcrops
2018-2022
Inadequate information on certified and non-certified/non-registered organic soil amendment producers; and level of imports of organic soil amendments
Updating of organic soil amendment industry profile
Identification and geotagging of organic soil amendment local producers, and importers Updated industry profile on local production and importation of organic soil amendments
BSWM, DA RFOs, SCUs BAFS
Rice, corn 2018-2020
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Indigenous knowledge systems on organic farming not documented comprehensively
Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge Systems on Organic Farming
Publication on Indigenous Knowledge Systems on organic farming
BSWM, NCIP, Academe, DA-RFOs
2019-2022
Difficulty to assess objectively the contribution of organic farming in addressing major environmental concerns as well as its impact on human health
Quantification of contribution of organic agriculture in climate change mitigation/reduction of greenhouse gases, biodiversity conservation, combating land degradation, and human health/wellness
Measurements on reduction of GHGs, carbon sequestered and soil biodiversity conserved in organic farms (per hectare) Studies on the inter-relationship of soil quality-crop quality-human health
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe, CSOs
Rice, fruit and vegetable crops, coconut, banana, pineapple, coffee and cacao
2019-2022
MITIGATION OF SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION
Long-term and inappropriate timing & method of fertilizer application
Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer to the environment
Quantified effect of long-term and inappropriate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil and water quality Policy recommendations on
BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Rice, corn, vegetable crops, sugarcane, banana, pineapple, coffee, cacao,
2018-2022
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DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
the production and utilization of organic and synthetic fertilizers
abaca
Improper agri-waste disposal
Development, characterization and assessment of sludge from agri-industrial wastes
New soil amendments developed using sludge from agro-industrial wastes Efficacy test reports based on multi-crop and multi-location field trials
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe
Rice, corn, sugar cane, fruit and vegetable crops coffee indigenous crops (Adlai)
2018-2022
Energy generation using agri-wastes Development of soil ameliorants Identification of microorganisms that could degrade biodegradable materials
Improved technology on renewable energy generation Soil ameliorants that passed quality standards List of microorganisms that could degraded highly cellulosic agri-wastes
BSWM, DA RFOs, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut, banana, pineapple, abaca
2018-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Heavy metal accumulation in soils due to proximity of crop production areas from agro-industries and mining sites
Assessment and mapping of soil pollution in agricultural production areas near mining sites and large-scale agro-industries Development of technologies and management strategies to mitigate the impacts of accumulation of heavy metals and pesticide residues Nanotechnology using soil minerals
Assessment report and maps of areas with high levels of soil pollution
Technologies and management strategies that can improve soil and water quality in highly polluted areas
BSWM,
DA RFOs, Academe, DENR
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple vegetable crops, plantation crops (i.e. abaca, coffee cacao)
2019-2022
Phytoremediation and use of organic soil amendments for restoration of mined out areas
Identified plant species and organic soil amendments
that have capacities to accumulate heavy metals
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe, DENR
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple vegetable crops,
2019-2022
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DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
plantation crops (i.e. abaca, coffee cacao)
Possible contamination of soil and water with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Levels of POP contaminants particularly in soil and water used for agriculture and fishery production
Identification of contaminated areas; Policy recommendations IEC materials
FPA, BSWM, Academe
Rice, corn, vegetables, high value commercial crops that are exported
2019-2022
Development of climate-smart and cost-efficient soil conservation cropping system and management practices in critical areas (i.e. uplands – highlands being used for agriculture and SWIP watersheds) for productivity
Land degradation
Bio-physical resources evaluation and socio-economic characterization of principal/ major watersheds
Updated information and database on biophysical resources of major watersheds based on available decision support tools Watershed characterization report, GIS based watershed maps, land use plans,
BSWM, DA-RFOs, Academe LGUs
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple vegetable crops, plantation crops (i.e. abaca, coffee and cacao)
2019-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
enhancement and environmental sustainability
Assessment of carbon sequestration in watershed areas
Assessment report and map on soil carbon stocks
Deterioration of soil quality in sloping upland and highland areas that are used for agricultural production
Maps showing land use change of different watersheds
Improved soil management approaches and technologies on sustainable land management Enhanced and sustained adoption of soil conservation measures
BSWM DA RFOs Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple abaca
2018-2022
Changing weather patterns and climatic conditions
Adjustment of location specific cropping calendar
• Adjusted/updated location specific cropping calendar/ cropping pattern; climate resilient agri tech; installation of mobile agromet stations
BSWM DA RFOs Academe•LGUs
Rice Corn Regional Priority Commodities
2018-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
Soil erosion
Soil erosion measurement using smart tools & techniques like nuclear/isotopic analysis and remote sensing technologies
Database; maps of hot spots (soil erosion and gully formation hot spots)
BSWM Academe
Rice, corn, coconut banana pineapple, dragon fruit, plantation crops (i.e. abaca and coffee)
2018-2022
Modified erosion control measures to address soil conservation and productivity and on field plant residue management
Innovative and location-specific soil and water conservation strategies (i.e. vegetative and engineering technologies)
BSWM Academe DA RFOs NGO
Corn, coconut banana pineapple, dragon fruit, sweet potato, plantation crops (i.e. abaca, cacao and coffee)
2017-2022
Long-term impacts of new soil conservation technologies (e.g. zero
Guide for faster adoption of appropriate adoption and proper application of new
BSWM, Academe, DA RFOs, NGOs, LGUs
Corn
2017-2020
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EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
tillage cum herbicide use) on sol physical and chemical characteristics
soil conservation
Sediment yield estimation using GIS (watershed approach)
Guide for sediment yield
BSWM, DA-RFOs, LGUs, NGOs Academe
Rice, corn, coconut banana pineapple, dragon fruit, plantation crops (i.e. abaca and coffee)
2018-2021
Economic valuation of impacts of deposition/ sedimentation
Valuation of off-site impacts of erosion
BSWM, DA-RFOs, LGUs, NGOs Academe
Rice, corn, coconut banana pineapple, dragon fruit, plantation crops (i.e. abaca and coffee)
2019-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Loss of soil organic matter (SOM)
Development/ updating of decision support tools to assess soil erosion and loss of SOM [e.g. Application of Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), available climatic data]
Decision support tools to determine soil erosion/loss of SOM/loss of nutrients
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFOs, LGUs, NGOs
Upland crops
2019-2021
Soil organic matter enhancement
Strategies and soil management technologies
DA-BSWM, Academe, DA-RFOs
Rice, corn, coconut banana pineapple, dragon fruit, plantation crops (i.e. abaca and coffee)
2018-2022
Integrated nutrient management
Nutrient management technologies
DA-BSWM, Academe, DA-RFOs
Rice, corn, coconut banana pineapple, dragon fruit, plantation crops (i.e. abaca and coffee)
2018-2022
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EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
Insufficient environmental policy on soil and water conservation and management
Formulation of soil and water conservation policies Development of soil and sediment quality standards for agriculture
National institutional framework for monitoring implementation of sustainable soil and water management and overall state of soil resources Soil and sediment quality standards for agriculture approved
BSWM BSWM Academe BAFS
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple plantation crops
2018-2020
Updating and mapping of land use (GIS-based) and suitability
Updated land use maps Crop suitability maps
BSWM Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple plantation crops
2018-2021
Land use reclassification and conversion (from agricultural land use to industrial and commercial, land uses)
Assessment of economic, social and environmental impacts of land use reclassification and conversion
Policy recommendations/ guidelines
BSWM DAR HLURB Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple plantation crops
2019-2021
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Assessment of the implementation of CLUP; and mainstreaming of sustainable land management (SLM) in CLUP
Policy recommendations/ guidelines
BSWM DAR HLURB Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple plantation crops
2021-2022
ENHANCEMENT OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND UTILIZATION
Surface water harvesting
Innovations in design of SSIP that will include climate-resilient designs
Design for climate-proofing SSIP
BSWM DA RFOs
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2021
Assessment & development of farmer training modules (for enhanced water use utilization)
Relevant and customized farmer training module for improved rainwater harvesting
BSWM DA RFOs
2019-2021
Wastewater reuse for irrigation (Adaptation of Aerobic Wastewater Treatment as Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation)
Improved technologies for wastewater reuse
BSWM DA RFOs Academe
Rice Corn Other Crops
2019-2021
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Cost –efficient and robust design of rainwater harvesting facilities; development of other runoff management technologies
Improved design of rainwater harvesting facilities Innovative run-off management technologies
BSWM NWRB, NIA, LGUs, DA-RFOs (RAED), Academe
Rice, corn, high value commercial crops)
2019-2022
Conflicting water use policies from different agencies
Review and analysis of various laws/rules/ issuances in terms of implementation, appropriateness, and the need for amendment
Harmonized water use policies
NWRB BSWM, NIA, DA-RFOs
Rice, corn, high value commercial crops
2019-2022
Harmonization of conflicting policies
Water use policies NWRB, SWM, NIA, DA-RFOs, LGUs
Rice, corn, high value commercial crops
2019-2022
WATER RESOUR-CES DEVELOPMENT AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
Lack of information on available water management technologies for upland/ non-irrigated farmland
Water resource assessment and wastewater reuse for irrigation
Groundwater assessment & monitoring Information of available water resources for potential development
BSWM DA RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Promotion of indigenous water mgt. technologies for upland or non-irrigated (rainfed)
Knowledge products on indigenous water management technologies
BSWM, DA-RFO, LGU, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Assessment/monitoring/ profiling creeks discharges that are utilized for irrigation
Knowledge product/ policies/data base
BSWM, DA-RFO, LGU, Academe
Rice, corn, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Documentation of best water resources management practices
Data base BSWM, DA-RFO, LGU, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Low water-use efficiency in irrigated agriculture
Performance and impact evaluation of Small Scale Irrigation Systems (SSIS)
Output/efficiency (SSIS) BSWM, DA-RFO Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2018-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Need for sustainable development and management of groundwater
Raw water pricing and modalities
Decision support tool BSWM, DA-RFO Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Uncertainties of water supply availability due to climate change
Micro-watershed Management
Strategies on water mgt. and decision support tool
BSWM, DA-RFO Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2018-2022
Cloudseeding operation and application of recent methodologies in rain stimulation to mitigate drought
New techniques or methods for cloudseeding
BSWM Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2021
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Issue of improving efficiency of water management technologies under changing climate
Technologies for enhanced conservation of soil and water resources that will include water conservation techniques, renewable and non-conventional energy for small-scale irrigation, water saving technologies, methods to minimize seepage and percolation in Small Farm Reservoirs (SFR).
Water-resource use efficient technologies
BSWM Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Assessment/monitoring/ profiling of creeks discharge that is utilized for irrigation
Management of water (water allocation (flooding, drought) Knowledge product
NWRB, BSWM, NIA, DA-RFO, LGU
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Impact evaluation of soil and water quality using vacuum-dried salt in cloud seeding operation
Recommended strategies/technologies for cloud seeding operation
BSWM, PAGASA, AFP, Private Sector, LGU
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2021
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Enhancing precision of weather predictions
Climate projections BSWM, PAGASA, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2021
Establishment/rehabilitation of automatic weather stations in strategic areas
Expanded/upgraded weather facilities
BSWM, PAGASA, Private Sector, LGU, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2020-2022
Polluted/ contaminated water for irrigation use e.g. surface water due to discharge of wastewater from industry, urban areas, etc.
Reducing contamination/ pollution through biological and other treatments of possible sources of irrigation from surface waters
Microbial-based water treatment technologies
BSWM DA-RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Characterization /profiling and monitoring of surface waters that are being utilized for irrigation and determine impacts of water quality on crop quality
Water quality information of water sources.
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice and non-food crops
2019-2020
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Characterization and monitoring of wastewater from different sources • Point sources • Non-point sources
Knowledge products; policy recommendations
BSWM, DENR-EMB, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice and non-food crops
2019-2020
Establishment of wastewater quality thresholds or limits for irrigation and other agricultural purposes under Philippine condition
Wastewater quality thresholds for irrigation and other agricultural uses under Philippine condition
BSWM, DENR-EMB, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice and non-food crops
2019-2020
Determination of mineralization rate of these wastewater as fertilizer
Knowledge product/policy BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice and non-food crops
2019-2020
Utilization of wastewater as irrigation water and as fertilizer and impacts on crops, soils and groundwater
Enhanced water availability for irrigation and reduced dependency on chemical fertilizer
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice and non-food crops
2019-2022
Safe application of wastewater for irrigation and other agricultural purposes
Methods of application with less impacts to human health and the environment
BSWM, DENR-EMB, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice and non-food crops
2019-2021
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Pollution of surface and groundwater resources
Development and promotion of best agricultural technology/practices that minimize surface and groundwater pollution
Cost-efficient and environment-friendly technologies and practices
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Evaluation of impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on nitrate leaching in shallow groundwater
Appropriate methods and quantities (i.e. optimum yield with less nitrate leaching) for organic and inorganic fertilizers application in various crops
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Intrusion of sea water due to sea level rise and excessive pumping of ground water in coastal areas
Management of saline affected areas
Technologies and practices on nutrient management in saline affected areas
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2022
Profiling, characterization and monitoring of salt water intrusion
Technical report and maps of areas affected by saltwater intrusion
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, LGU
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2020
Field trials of salt tolerant crop varieties
Saline-tolerant crops BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, LGU
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Low water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture
Evaluation of irrigation system losses using a system approach (i.e. considering system losses upstream are gains downstream)
Knowledge product and policy recommendations
BSWM, NIA, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2022
Develop appropriate technologies to use return flows/drainage from irrigation systems
Appropriate technologies and policy recommendations
BSWM, NIA, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2022
Climate-resilient cropping pattern and calendar for optimum rainwater utilization and reduction of production losses due to extreme climate events
Updated climate-type specific cropping pattern and calendar
BSWM, NIA, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2022
Inappropriate methods and timing of irrigation
Studies on water conservation techniques, water harvesting and recycling, improved irrigation methods and conjunctive use
Appropriate technologies and policy recommendations
BSWM, NIA, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Methods to minimize seepage and percolation in small farm reservoirs and farm ponds
Recommended methods for farmers adoption
BSWM, NIA, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Over Extraction of Groundwater Supply
Aquifer characterization including inventory of existing STWs and their extraction level vis-à-vis groundwater supply available for extraction within a basin/sub-basin (sustainable yield concept)
Knowledge product and policy recommendations STW location maps using GIS
BSWM, NWRB, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Development of GIS-based decision tools in the development of shallow and deep aquifers
Knowledge product and policy recommendations
BSWM, Academe, NWRB, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Identify and evaluate appropriate technologies on MAR (Managing Aquifer Recharge) and managing discharge to enhance groundwater storage
Appropriate technologies and policy recommendations
BSWM, Academe, NWRB, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Assessment on the effect of rainwater harvesting storage facilities Such as SWIP and SFR to groundwater recharge
Technical report BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Flooding Flood mitigation and management (Establishment of modified SFRs, flood diversion structure)
Enhance water availability for supplemental irrigation Flood mitigation
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, PhilRice
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Identification/ characterization of flood prone areas
Flooding map BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, PhilRice
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2021
Adaptability trials of submerged rice varieties
Recommended submerged rice varieties
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, PhilRice
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2019-2022
Too much water in the wrong time and wrong place
Development of drainage technologies Integrating micro-watershed Protection in SWIS
Excess runoff water management and flood mitigation
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, PhilRice
Rice/crops suitable to flood-prone areas
2019-2022
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ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
MANAGEMENT AND FERTILITY REHABILITATION OF PROBLEM SOILS
Soil salinity/salini-zation
Fertilization strategy (sources, methods, timing and volume)
Water quality guide for irrigation water
BSWM, DA RFO Academe
Rice and other crops suitable to saline-prone areas
2019-2022
Vulnerability and impact assessment in salt-affected areas
Vulnerability maps, impact assessment report
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO, PhilRice, IPB, LGU, NGO
Rice and other crops suitable to saline-prone areas
2019-2022
Soil and water management
- Flushing of salts Soil and water management technologies
BSWM, DA-RFO, LGU
Rice and other crops suitable to saline-prone areas
2019-2022
- Application of organic soil amendments
Appropriate organic fertilizers, compost and soil conditioners
BSWM, DA-RFO, LGU
Rice and other crops suitable to saline-prone areas
2019-2022
- Adaptation using saline tolerant varieties
Adaptable varieties tested BSWM, DA-RFO, LGU
Rice and other crops suitable to saline-prone areas
2019-2022
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EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Soil Acidity Soil management using amendments such as animal manure, liming materials like calcite, dolomite, gypsum
Soil management technologies
BSWM, DA-RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops plantation crops
2019-2022
Adaptation measures: - Screening of acid-tolerant
microorganisms as inoculant
Inoculants for acid soil condition
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops
2019-2022
- Screening of acid-tolerant crop varieties
Cultivars tolerant to soil acidity
BSWM, PNRI, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple vegetable crops
2019-2022
Heavy cracking clays
Residue management (method and timing of application)
Soil management technology
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple
2019-2022
Poorly drained soils Bio-remediation (inoculation)
Soil and water management technology
BSWM, DA- RFO, Academe
sugarcane, banana, vegetable crops
2019-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Poor soil and variable growing conditions
Improvement on the nutrient use efficiency (using tracer technique) to different soil fertility levels
Appropriate fertilizer recommendations
BSWM, DA -RFO Academe
corn, sugarcane, banana, vegetable crops,
2019-2022
Poor soil fertility due to degradation and acidity
Development/ improvement of soil amendment technologies (organic fertilizers, soil enhancers/ conditioners)
Appropriate soil amendment technologies
BSWM, DA -RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Development of farming systems technology in sloping areas
Technology for farming system in sloping areas
BSWM, DA-RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Low Productivity Field validation/ promotion of macronutrients (i.e. Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (i.e. Bo, Zn) fertilization
Updated micronutrients and macronutrients fertilization guide
BSWM, DA RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Development of site-specific small scale irrigation systems in corn-
Appropriate small scale irrigation technologies
BSWM, DA RFO Academe
Rice, corn, sugarcane, banana
2018-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
based areas pineapple, vegetable crops
Verification trial to improve nitrogen use efficiency using tracer technique
Appropriate N fertilizer guide for corn
BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Corn, sugarcane, banana pineapple, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Adaptation of corn farming to climate change : Improvement of farming system/ pattern to optimize moisture availability and reduce soil degradation in sloping areas (SALT/ SCoPSA)
SALT/ SCoPSA Model BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Corn 2018-2022
Development of crop production model (water availability, temperature, variety, soil type)
Database; crop models BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Rice, corn, vegetable crops
2018-2022
Assessment of water and carbon footprint of corn varieties under different management and agro-ecosystem
Data on water and carbon footprint; Recommendation on the improvement of water use efficiency
BSWM, DA RFOs Academe
Corn 2018-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Compaction Soil management • Tillage practices • Organic soil amendment
application
Best management practices
BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO, LGU, NGO
Sugarcane; corn; pineapple; forage crops
2019-2022
Soil Crusting Soil management • Tillage practices • Organic soil amendment application • Sub-soiling
Best management practices BSWM, Academe, DA-RFO, LGU, NGO
All crops 2019-2022
Peat soils Characterization/ evaluation of peat soils
Physical, chemical and biological data of peat soils
BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, LGU
High value commercial crops, Rice
2019-2022
Soil and crop management technologies
Crop suitability studies Suitable crops BSWM, DA-RFO, Academe, LGU
HVC, Priority crops, Rice
2019-2022 Tillage practices Appropriate tillage practices
Soil fertility management Soil fertility management
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES DATABASE AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Large data holdings require systematize storage and retrieval
Development of soil health information system and water resources information system
Database; Integrated Information Management System (IIMS)
BSWM; Academe Not applicable 2017-2022
Data warehousing and online reporting system
Database: Soil and Water Resources Integrated Information Management System (SWRIIMS) Easy to use data base management and online reporting
BSWM; Academe Not applicable 2017-2023
LABORATORY TEST METHODS VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION
Regulation and control for the establishment and operation of all soil laboratories
Development of rapid test methods needs assessment of soil and water analytical laboratories
Soil Test Protocols Controlled and validated rapid soil test methods Upgraded soil and water analytical laboratories
BSWM; DA RFO Academe
Not applicable 2018-2020
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Development of soil and water laboratory information management system
Soil and water laboratory information management system (SW-LIMS)
BSWM DA RFO (Integrated Laboratory Division) BAFS ICTS
Not applicable 2018-2020
Need to validate/ assess fertilizer recommendation
Soil analysis and nutrient management (sugarcane)
Updated fertilizer guide for sugarcane
BSWM; SRA Not applicable 2018-2020
EXTENSION MODALITIES
Problems of farmers in the adoption of technologies; problems of extension workers in the delivery of technologies
Monitoring of adoption of soil and water-related technologies; Improvement in extension methodologies
Improved extension methodologies
BSWM; ATI; LGU Not applicable 2018-2022
Lack of mechanisms for participatory and community-based soil and water resource
Capacity and capability assessment for community-managed soil and water resource
Developed mechanisms for a community-managed soil and water resource development
ATI, DA-RFO, LGU, Academe, BSWM
Not applicable 2019-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
development and management
Need for integrating supplemental livelihood with soil and water resource conservation and management
Integration of supplemental livelihood into soil and water resource conservation and management
Integrated supplemental livelihood into soil and water resource conservation and management
ATI, DA-RFO, LGU, Academe, DTI
Not applicable 2019-2022
Issue on sustaining/ enhancing adoption of soil and water-related technologies (SWT) under changing climate
Identification and scientific evaluation of indigenous soil and water management technologies being practiced at different ecosystems Development of decision support tools
Indigenous soil and water management technologies with solid scientific basis for dissemination
DA-RFO, Academe, LGU, NGO
Not applicable 2019-2022
Capacity assessment and potentials of the beneficiaries in the adoption of SWT under changing climate (including risk)
Enhanced technology transfer
ATI, BSWM, LGU, DA-RFO, Academe
Not applicable 2019-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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PROGRAM PROBLEMS/
ISSUES RESEARCHABLE AREAS
EXPECTED OUTPUT AND TECHNOLOGY TO BE
DERIVED
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTING
AGENCIES
PRIORITY COMMODITIES
TIME LINE
Product packaging and promotion of SWT
Need for capacitating intended/ current beneficiaries
SWT Training design and modules for capacitating farmer-beneficiaries through “learning by doing” concept Determination of technological needs of farmers and development of appropriate training modules to suit their needs Training on maximum utilization of SSIP and on-farm water management
Acceptable training design and modules to enhance farmers’ ability to implement what they learned.
ATI, BSWM, DA-RFO
Not applicable
2019-2022
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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References:
Alcasid, G. N. 1991. In: Management and Utilization of Acid Soils.
Atienza, R. 1991. In : Management and Utilization of Acid Soils.
Environmental Management Bureau. 2007
Environmental Management Bureau National Quality Report (2006-2013)
Environmental Management Bureau. 2013
Kelland. 2010. Diverse Water Sources Seen Key to Food Security. Reuters.
Lasco, R. D., et.al. 2006. Climate Change R&D at the World Agro-forestry Center (ICRAF)-Philippines. ASEAN-Japan Project on Multi-functionality of Agriculture and the 3 UN Conventions on Biodiversity, Climate Change and Land Degradation, Cebu City.
Master Plan for Water Resources Development in the Philippines, JICA-NWRB. 1998
National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (2010-2020)
National Irrigation Administration Report
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Undated. El Niño Episodes in the Philippines
Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022.
Philippine National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (2015-2025)
Philippine National Construction Corporation. 2009
Philippine Statistical Yearbook. 2015
Research and Development, Extension Agenda and Program (RDEAP) 2016-2022
Soil and Water Resources Research and Development, Extension Agenda (2010-2016)
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Bureau of Soils and Water Management is grateful for the continuous support and contribution of agencies and individuals to the Updating of the National Soil and Water Resources Research Development/ Extension Agenda 2017-2022. We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to the following :
1. Director, Bureau of Agricultural Research
2. Undersecretary for Policy and Planning, Department of Agriculture
3. Participants to the island-wide consultation workshops : Luzon CavSU - Cavite State University CBSUA - Central Bicol State University of Agriculture CLSU - Central Luzon State University DA - Department of Agriculture – Special Concerns Office; RFO - CAR; 3; 4A DMMMSU - Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University FPA - Fertilizer and Pesticides Authority NEDA-ANRES - National Economic Development Authority - Agriculture and Natural Resources and Environmental Staff Authority NWRB - National Water Resources Board PSAU - Pampanga State Agricultural University PhilFIDA - Philippine PhilRice - Philippine Rice Research Institute PCAARRD - Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development RSU - Romblon State University SLSU - Southern Luzon State University TAU - Tarlac Agricultural University Visayas ATI - 8 - Agricultural Training Institute Reg. VIII BAR - Bureau of Agricultural Research CSU - Capiz State University DA - Department of Agriculture (RFO 6; NIR; 7) NEDA – 8 - National Economic and Development Authority VIII SI - Silliman University USC - University of San Carlos VSU - Visayas State University WVSU - Western Visayas State University Mindanao
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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ACAP, Inc. - Association of Colleges of Agriculture in the Philippines, Inc. BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (XI; CARAGA; ARMM) CMU - Central Mindanao University DA-RFO - Department of Agriculture (RFO 10; 11; 12) DAF-ARMM - Department of Agriculture and Fisheries - ARMM MUST - Mindanao University of Science and Technology NEDA - National Economic and Development Authority (Reg. 10; 13) NGO - Non-Government Organization - Davao PASUC - Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges National ACAP, Inc. - Association of Colleges of Agriculture in the Philippines, Inc. AAN-MIA - AAN Mango Industry Association BAI - Bureau of Animal Industry BPI - Bureau of Plant Industry BSU - Benguet State University CavSU - Cavite State University CBSUA - Central Bicol State University of Agriculture CLSU - Central Luzon State University DA - Department of Agriculture (Policy Research Service; Planning and Monitoring Service; RFO CAR; 1; 2; 4-A; 4-B; 5; 7; NIR; 9; 12) FPA - Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority IFSU - Ifugao State University MMSU - Mariano Marcos State University PCAF - Philippine Council for Agriculture and Fisheries PSU - Pangasinan State University SRA - Sugar Regulatory Administration UPMin - University of the Philippines Mindanao UAS - UPI Agricultural School VSU - Visayas State University WMSU - Western Mindanao State University
4. BSWM Chair, Dr. Edna D. Samar and Vice-Chair Karen S. Bautista who took time and efforts to facilitate and review the updating of the RDE Agenda;
5. BSWM Technical Advisory Team:
OIC Director Angel C. Enriquez; Asst. Director Sonia M. Salguero; Engr. Samuel M. Contreras; Engr. Teresita S. Sandoval; Mr. Elmer B. Borre; Mr. Dominciano _ Ramos, Jr.; Dr. Gavino Isagani P. Urriza; Engr. Pablo M. Montalla; Ms. Mercedita S. Fernando; Mr. Henry A. Apolinares; Ms. Cathlyn Joy P. dela Torre; Ms. Denise A. Solano
National Soil and Water Resources Research and Development/Extension Agenda, 2017-2022
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6. BSWM – Soil and Water Resources Research Division staff who provided support in the facilitation and conduct of consultation workshops, and related activities :
Ms. Frances Villa Juan; Ms. Jenny Anne P. Escalona; Mr. Crisostomo V. Mamorbor; Ms. Ma. Angelita G. Esguerra; Ms. Heycel R. Reyes; Ms. Janet G. Operario; Ms. Georgina Carmelle Z. Siena; Ms. Ma. Perpetua P. Ocampo; Mr. Jose Paolo Suministrado; and Mr. Van Joseph Manzo.