national services workshop - ec-trta pakistan · tevta technical education and ... service...

National Services Workshop

Workshop report

Karachi 26-27 May 2006

National Services Workshop

Workshop report

Karachi 26-27 May 2006

This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union (EU) as part of an EU-funded Trade Related Technical Assistance (TRTA) programme with the Government of Pakistan The International Trade Centre UNCTADWTO (ITC) is implementing the programme The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the consultant Facts and figures set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the consultant and should not be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the EU ITC UNCTAD or WTO The factual details and in-country resources in the publication have been researched and compiled by the consultant ITC has not formally edited this report

Written by Majid Ali Wajid

copy International Trade Centre (UNCTADWTO) Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland Email itcregintracenorg httpwwwintracenorg June 2006

ITC Your Partner in Trade Development The International Trade Centre is the technical cooperation agency of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) for operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of international trade development As the United Nations focal point for technical cooperation in trade promotion ITC works with developing countries and economies in transition to set up effective trade promotion programmes to expand their exports and improve their import operations ITC works in six areas

Product and market development Development of trade support services Trade information Human resource development International purchasing and supply management Needs assessment programme design for trade promotion

Page ii

Contents

Abbreviations i i i

Introduction 1

Summary of workshop presentations and discussions 3

Introductory and scene setting session 3

Panel sessions ndash Sectoral challenges and opportunities5

Financial Services panel (Banking and Securities) 5 Educational Services panel 7 Professional Services panel (Management Consultancy Legal and Accounting) 9 Construction and Related Engineering Services panel 15 Energy and Environmental Services panel 19 Transport Services panel 22

Concluding Session 23

Report by Rapporteur Priorities for Service Export Roadmap 23 Pakistan service export needs amp priorities Discussion 26

Annex 1 - Workshop Programme 28

Annex 2 ndash List of Participants 34

Page i

Page ii

Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AEDB Alternate Energy Development Board BPO Business Process Outsourcing CAR Central Asian Republic CBR Central Board of Revenue EC European Commission ECO Economic Cooperation Organization ENT Economic Needs Test EPB Export Promotion Bureau ERP Enterprise Resource Planning EU European Union EXIM Export-Import FPCCI Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services HEC Higher Education Commission IAS International Accounting Standards IBA Institute of Business Administration IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAP Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan ICMAP Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Pakistan IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards IIN Industrial Information Network ISA International Standards of Auditing ITC International Trade Centre UNCTADWTO LUMS Lahore University of Management Sciences MOC Ministry of Commerce NBP National Bank of Pakistan NEPRA National Electric Power Regulatory Authority NESPAK National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd NTTFC National Trade and Transport Facilitation Committee PCATP Pakistan Council of Architecture and Town Planning PEC Pakistan Engineering Council SBP State Bank of Pakistan SCR Services Capacity Report SECP Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan SME Small and Medium Enterprise SMEDA Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats TEVTA Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority TRTA Trade Related Technical Assistance TUSDEC Technical Up gradation and Skills Development Company WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority WTO World Trade Organization

Page iii

Page iv

Introduction

A National Services Workshop was held by the International Trade Centre UNCTADWTO (ITC) under its European Union-funded Trade Related Technical Assistance Programme (TRTA) in conjunction with the Institute of Business Administration (IBA) in Karachi on 26 and 27 May 2006 This workshop brought together public officials from the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) and the regulatory authorities that govern service industries as well as private sector representatives of service associations and service firms to discuss the enhancement of service firm competitiveness the services export potential of Pakistan as well as services issues at play in negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in the World Trade Organisation (WTO)

The workshop was designed to deepen the understanding of the commercial and economic implications of services negotiations and the emerging multilateral trading system It allowed public and private sector decision-makers to anticipate changes that additional services commitments would require and to position themselves within the multilateral trading environment It was primarily aimed at equipping business leaders to play a more meaningful advocacy role with the government with a view to improving the environment for service providers through specific commitments in the GATS The workshop was also designed to provide input to develop and refine the services export roadmap for Pakistan

The workshop allowed relevant regulatory authorities and private sector representatives to discuss the scope of the current regulatory framework including restrictions and limitations on foreign investment and the direction of regulatory evolution They considered the contours of the home market for service industries including its strengths and weaknesses new product developments service supply limitations and the countries that domestic firms target for export of services This helped the Government to determine whether the existing institutional and legislative framework would support further commitments in the GATS as a reflection of requests from Pakistanrsquos trading partners

The workshop inter alia provided

1 A better understanding of the key issues in trade in services

2 A clear identification of trade constraints and impediments in specific service sectors

3 Identification of means to overcome trade obstacles to gain market access for export of services

4 A precise recognition of the range of issues pertinent to services regulatory policies as they relate to service exports and WTO negotiations

5 A list of priorities as a reflection of sectoral interests

The workshop covered financial services including banking and securities education professional services including management consultancy legal and accountancy services construction and related engineering services environmental and energy services and transport services

International Trade Centre

Structure of the workshop

The two-day workshop was structured with an introductory and scene setting component followed by panel sessions and a concluding session with specific reference to service export needs and priorities The most significant feature of the workshop was the dialogue between public and private sector representatives from relevant services sectors The government and service regulatory authorities presented priority issues and representatives from respective services associations and firms responded All then participated in an extensive question and answer period The various methods of interaction provided an environment conducive for learning questioning and exchanging of ideas Approximately 67 people attended the workshop five of whom were women The agenda of the workshop is included as Annex 1 to this report A summary of the sessions is provided below

Page 2 International Trade Centre

Summary of workshop presentations and discussions

Friday 26 May 2006

Introductory and scene setting session

Opening ceremony

Arif Ahmed Khan (National Programme Coordinator of ITC) welcomed the participants of the workshop and invited Eric Alvarez Gurza (ITCrsquos Director of the Office for Asia-Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean) to open the conference Mr Alvarez described the mission of the European Commission Trade Related Technical Assistance (EC TRTA) programme and its work in assisting Pakistan in trade related matters He recognized the support of the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) in carrying out this mission He outlined the objectives and expectations from the workshop and highlighted the importance of trade in services for Pakistan He described how Mexico had exploited its trade in services potential resulting in economic growth and wished that Pakistan by following the right course of action might benefit as well

Qasim Niaz (MOC) defined the purpose of the event and the role that trade in services can play in the economic growth of Pakistan He emphasized the significance of foreign investment in services and underlined the need for a balanced approach to trade policy to ensure the benefits of trade liberalization while securing growth of the domestic services industry of Pakistan

WTO Services negotiat ions Present state of play

Shaista Sohail (Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the WTO in Geneva) gave the first presentation of the workshop with a comprehensive background of the GATS Agreement She began with Pakistanrsquos geo-economic situation leading to an introduction to GATS from stakeholdersrsquo perspective Ms Sohail explained the legalities of the GATS Agreement including its core provisional objectives of increasing trade in services Explanations were given on the ldquobottom-uprdquo approach of the agreement the technicalities of the Schedule of Commitments what service sectors are included the different modes of supply and the different obligations (as well as their exceptions) that WTO Members can take under the Agreement She also gave an overview of the state of play of the GATS negotiations in Geneva On the market access portion of negotiations the main points included the need for greater capacity by Pakistan in formulating requests and offers An update was given of the discussions on domestic regulation and rules negotiations on emergency safeguard measures government procurement and subsidies Ms Sohail also briefly touched on other horizontal issues such as the outcome of the adopted modalities for autonomous liberalisation

Pakistan Services Capacity Report Key f indings

Arif Ahmed Khan (ITC) presented the key findings of the ITCrsquos Pakistan Services Capacity Report (SCR) The SCR was prepared in 2005 based on a survey of five services sectors of Pakistan including information technology services financial services construction and architectural services professional services and health services The objective of this study was to help Pakistan identify services trade constraints Some of the key findings of the SCR can be found in Box 1

International Trade Centre Page 3

Box 1 Key findings of Pakistan Services Capacity Report bull Absence of the right statistics in Pakistan relating to trade in services

bull Lack of awareness among the domestic service providers of Pakistan with regard to their contribution to the economy

bull Professional services such as legal and accounting have been found to be promising sectors

bull Insurance sector is behind in international presence as compared to other financial services sectors

bull Communication distribution and transport services are significant in terms of scale of services traded but limited mostly to Mode 2

bull Private sector participation needs to be encouraged in areas with Government sector presence such as transport infrastructure media health and education services

bull The regulatory framework should be strengthened with investment in human resources and infrastructure

bull Enhanced coordination with regulatory bodies of those countries that are of importance to service exporters is required to establish common standards and criteria for business

bull Awareness of GATS and its related issues has to be raised among service providers and professional associations

bull Investment in training and marketing skills of employees of service providers is needed to enable them to compete internationally

bull Lending criteria should be tailored for service exporters with minimum acceptable documentation and financial requirements to ensure sufficient export finance

Introductory session ndash Discussions

The discussions began by questioning the marketing strategy of the Government in promoting the exports of services of Pakistan The role of the President the Prime Minister and the Minister of Commerce in promoting the right image of Pakistan abroad in order to seek maximum market access was applauded

Other discussants including Dr Qais Aslam (Government College University) brought up issues related to lack of skills among the domestic service providers of Pakistan Serious concerns were raised regarding the present capability of the services sectors Many were of the view that the gap between academia and services industry needs to be bridged in order to remain competitive It was also pointed out that services associations could play a more effective role in promoting exports of services industries

A participant Mr Babar B Jhumra (Call Centre services industry) commented on the lack of English speaking skills among the applicants that apply for jobs at Call Centre in Pakistan He shared his view that there was a lot of room for Pakistan to export services through Call Centres but this could not be properly exploited due to the poor English Language training standards in the country

More of the discussion revolved around the issue of financing for services exports It was noted that as services lack a security or collateral to offer banks are reluctant to provide credit or lending which makes it difficult for the services industry to remain globally competitive


Panel sessions ndash Sectoral challenges and opportunities

Financial Services panel (Banking and Securities)

Azhar Kureshi (State Bank of Pakistan ndash SBP) made the first presentation of this panel SBP is the regulatory authority in Pakistan for banking services Mr Kureshi explained the role of SBP as a regulator providing a level playing field for domestic and foreign banks in the context of the WTO He said banking regulations are made available in detail by the SBP Foreign banks have been present in Pakistan for the last 50 years and for the last decade there has been a substantial transformation in the banking system There are no restrictions on setting up banks in Pakistan As to capital requirements the international standards as reflected under the Basel Accords are being followed by SBP While giving details of the monetary limits imposed on banks he said that currently for entry of banks a capital of at least Rupees 2 billion was required and this was to be increased by Rupees 1 billion each year till 2009 so that the minimum capital limit becomes Rupees 6 billion by 2009 The purpose is to make the banks capital-intensive and secure and encourage smaller banks to merge together and become strong institutions

Mr Kureshi noted that as far as policy is concerned the banks their Boards of Directors and senior management in Pakistan were free to make their policies subject to prudential regulations He said that export refinance was not a subsidized or a SBP-sponsored scheme and the rate was linked to yield on government paper and was thus market based For lending in general he said that previously SBP issued instructions for lending in agricultural and industrial finance and other priority sectors but now banks are free to decide With regard to the issue of lending to the services industry he said that banks already have their modelling techniques for lending He suggested that the weakness in lending to service exporters was due to a fear of the unknown or unwillingness on the part of the domestic banks Mr Kureshi suggested that the SBP could only encourage the banks to lend to services exporters therefore an active forum such as the Pakistan Bankers Association which interacts with the SBP on a quarterly basis should consider service export lending practices as a priority matter

Imtiaz Haider (Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan ndash SECP) gave a presentation explaining in detail the role of SECP as a regulator of the capital market and corporate sector in Pakistan Beginning with the regulatory objectives and organizational structure he provided an overview of the current state of the stock market He explained how the transformation of the regulatory system had improved the capital market environment and ran through the reforms and achievements of the regulator He particularly emphasized the system of checks and balances of the capital market and corporate sector maintained by the SECP He also mentioned the future plans of SECP While comparing the local market with the international market he noted that the SECP was using state-of-the-art technology Integration and demutualization of stock exchanges was on the top of the agenda Enhancing monitoring and the regulatory framework for online trading was also a priority He wished that the brokers in Pakistan would establish branch networks abroad He was disappointed that while the number of brokers in Pakistan exceeded those in other countries they had few branch networks abroad He also noted that only a national could be a member of a stock exchange however by establishing a company in Pakistan a firm can get a seat in the stock exchange Once a member of the stock exchange there is no difference in treatment between a local and a foreign entity He encouraged the participants to visit the SECPrsquos website for relevant information presented in a user-friendly way

Tahira Raza (National Bank of Pakistan ndash NBP) shared her views on the role of the regulatory authority and the operations of the banks She observed that although the SBP had come up with market-based and liberalized policies the banks felt the environment was still not conducive to


meeting the expectations that consumers had of the banks She also pointed out that the banks needed to have effective forward and backward linkages She felt these missing linkages were hindering banksrsquo performance especially for SMEs and the services sector She suggested components that could facilitate the banks in lending for example setting up certain standards for evaluating intellectual property hiring professionals to study and evaluate collateral and the assumption of risk by the banks She asked the SBP to help banks with forward linkages

Irfan Ahmed Khan (Faysal Bank) said that commercial banking had evolved In his opinion the SBP was quite an efficient authority Economics was the reason that banks previously didnrsquot invest in agricultural credit and consumer financing He suggested that SMEs had become a specialized field in banking The weakness lay in the legal infrastructure eg in the countryrsquos courts Disclosure was becoming an important aspect of banking With regard to lending he cited the example that in India the largest long-term capital provider for companies was fixed paper securities Firms donrsquot go to banks to raise money the capital market issues the paper for them to raise money for their projects Pakistan could develop a similar structure On the capital side he pointed out that the SECP felt that the large playersrsquo power had been diluted However the market was being manipulated and small investors suffered Therefore efforts were required to enhance legal standards for the protection of small investors

Financial Services panel ndash Discussions

A discussant Azheruddin Khan (National Environmental Consulting Company) asked if it was possible to provide concession-based lending was it possible for the banks to provide support services while the lending rate remained the same He suggested that support services could be packaged with lending as practiced by European Banks Mr Kureshi of SBP responded that it could be done as banks are allowed to offer their own interest rates and they can maintain their own schedule of charges He pointed out that if banks are interested and want to package it together SBP could look into the matter but it had to be done across the board for a range of customers and not individually

Usman Ahmed Khan (ITC) suggested that non-financial business advisory services could be introduced in banks for lending Assistance could be provided by SMEDA or NBP or any other organization This was in view of the disconnect between the banking and non-banking institutions Mr Kureshi (SBP) responded that bigger banks could provide advisory services However he admitted that under the current models that banks follow each activity is taken from a profit centred point of view

Akber Sheikh (Guarantee Engineers (Pvt) Ltd) enquired if there was no subsidy that could be provided by SBP and it was all market based what would be the mechanism for the provision of lending for exports Mr Kureshi (SBP) responded that under the international commitments SBP could not give direct or indirect subsidies Moreover the SBP saw no reason to indulge in this sort of activity However if the Government wants to take a stand it may do so But the request should come from the stakeholders

Prof Iqbal M Khan (Sure Institute) added that although a lot was being done the right definition of SMEs was still missing The potential of service providers could not be unleashed without financing One solution is a Credit Guarantee Bank that could provide the security to the SME to go to a commercial bank as well This concept needed to be explored in Pakistan He gave examples of Export-Import (Exim) banks in India and Malaysia He stressed that Pakistan needed an Exim bank that did developmental work and not promotional work unlike Export Promotion Bureau (EPB)


Prof Khan suggested that in general there was a need to expand banks beyond borders There are markets for Pakistani banks in the Central Asian Republics (CARs) Afghanistan and Iran NBP already has a branch in Afghanistan Islamic banking he believed was something that Pakistan could sell

With regard to the Exim bank Mr Kureshi (SBP) advised that the issue had been under consideration by the SBP for the last 5 years and there was no doubt a need for an Exim bank The only issue was that it needed a government capital or guarantee Ms Aisha Amjad (Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority ndash SMEDA) commented that the Prime Minister had recently approved a new definition for SMEs She also gave an example of the practice whereby if an enterprise approached SMEDA for a particular finance SMEDA worked to secure it for them

Box 2 Financial Services panel Outline of key suggestions bull Pakistan Bankers Association in conjunction with the SBP should consider how to improve

lending practices to service exporters as a priority issue

bull Brokers in Pakistan need to be encouraged to have branch networks abroad

bull To facilitate lending to service exporters standard should be set to evaluate intellectual property professionals should be hired to study and evaluate collateral and the assumption of risk by banks

bull Pakistan should consider developing a fixed paper securities structure to strengthen investment in service exporters

bull The concept of a credit guarantee bank needs to be explored in Pakistan There is a need to establish an Exim bank that does developmental work and not promotional work unlike EPB

Educational Services panel

Dr Muhammad Ehsan Malik (University of the Punjab a public sector university) began his presentation by acknowledging that the Higher Education Commission (HEC) was doing a wonderful job as a regulatory authority for higher education He was concerned that there were very few institutes in Pakistan that had the right faculty and research capability to meet market requirements The gap between the expectations of business organizations and academic universities was widening He suggested it was time Pakistan developed a curriculum that responded to market needs with input from industry faculty and students to provide an enabling environment He was disappointed by the prevailing curriculum for higher education and called for its improvement and harmonization He advised that there was a comprehensive faculty development programme in place by the Government He noted that even premier institutes of Pakistan do not have a journal of research This research was supposed to be undertaken by the universities for the business organizations however there was very little data available to carry out the research While commenting on the issue of ldquobrain drainrdquo Dr Malik was of the opinion that incentives were needed for research-oriented people in the educational services sector to stay in Pakistan He suggested that focused brainstorming sessions should be conducted through workshops and seminars He proposed developing a consortium of universities to look into whether activities in the educational sector corresponded to market needs and how to ensure the academic foundation for the development of domestic competitiveness in services exports


Dr Qais Aslam (Government College University) emphasized that the real problem was the resource base He invited the people from industry who relied on human resources to come forward for help otherwise they should not expect too much from the Government or academic institutions He also emphasized advances in global technological knowledge consequently students needed education for the international market and not just for local needs

Humayun Sultan Ansari (Institute of Business Administration Karachi) argued that the solution was not in privatisation of academic institutions but in their corporatization as was the case in Singapore He considered that it was only the public sector universities that could solve the problem of indigenization He appreciated the forum linking academia with the private sector He noted Pakistan had a lot of potential in the engineering services sector and expertise should be exploited

Educational Services panel ndash Discussions

The discussion opened with remarks that private sector universities like Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) providing quality education should not only remain profit-oriented but also accommodate merit-based students possibly at lower fees However other participants disagreed and stressed that public sector universities are equally good and capable of providing quality education to meet international demands It was proposed that the salaries of the teachers in Pakistan should be increased if the real commitment was to be met

Prof Iqbal M Khan (Sure Institute) believed that Pakistan had potential to provide educational services in Business Management Economics Accounting Medicine and Engineering by attracting foreign students in these subjects

Arif Ahmed Khan (ITC) ended the discussion by asking the panel to consider whether Pakistan should prioritize distant learning and correspondence courses as service exports or emphasize the temporary movement of teachers

Box 3 Educational Services panel Outline of key comments and suggestions bull In relation to the connection between the market and the academia Pakistan should develop a

curriculum responsive to market needs with input from industry faculty and students to provide an enabling environment

bull On the issue of brain drain incentives should be provided for research-oriented people in the educational services sector to stay in Pakistan rather than emigrate

bull A consortium of universities should consider whether the activities undertaken by educational institutions correspond to market needs and develop an academic foundation for domestic competitiveness in services for export purposes

bull Industry that relies on human resources should come forward to support academic institutions

bull The solution is not in privatisation of academic institutions but the corporatization as is the case in Singapore It is only the public sector university that can solve the problem of indigenization

bull The salaries of the teachers in Pakistan should be increased if the real commitment is to be met

bull Pakistani Universities have potential in Business Management Economics Accounting Medicine and Engineering for providing educational services by attracting foreign students in these subjects


Professional Services panel (Management consultancy Legal and Accounting)

Nadeem Irshad Kiyani (Ministry of Labour) spoke on the topic of bilateral and regional arrangements for the free movement of professionals He began with the definition of ldquoprofessionalrdquo under the commitments made by Pakistan in the WTO under Mode 4 He highlighted issues of professionals moving abroad such as visa restrictions administrative delays and security matters He pointed out that the mobility in the multilateral environment was trade related and Mode 4 was often related to Mode 3 He listed requirements like registration accreditation certification and licensing for professionals while providing services abroad He explained that quota restrictions practiced by advanced countries and Economic Needs Tests (ENT) used by them to control entry through Mode 4 did not have prescribed criteria

Regarding the different approaches used in negotiating the movement of natural persons Mr Kiyani noted that the unilateral approach had sovereignty as its central point All approaches ndash including unilateral bilateral regional and multilateral ndash were dependent on the Government for implementation and enforcement The regional approach was trade-related and covered professional movements unlike bilateral approach that covered low scale workers The multilateral approach as followed in the WTO did not include permanent presence employment citizenship and residence It was the least used mode in services trade and was usually linked with Mode 3 He thought that in view of remittances a lot could be gained through Mode 4 In Pakistan the matter was under the domain of the Ministry of Interior which controls the visa and entry regime Visa on arrival had been recently approved by the Pakistan Government allowing a stay of 30 days for business people and investors from a number of countries He commented favourably on the recent establishment of a Technical Vocational Training Commission that would coordinate policymaking market requirements quality assurance and harmonization of standards and will include stakeholdersrsquo input He gave an example of a current project for the enhancement of nursesrsquo qualifications through development of a website that would inform them about opportunities licensing certification requirements educational requirements etc A Technical Up-gradation and Skills Development Company (TUSDEC) a public-private partnership had also been established under the Ministry of Industries to train manpower for local and foreign markets He concluded by asking whether bilateral or regional agreements could be a substitute in the near future for the use of Mode 4 in the multilateral approach

Prof Iqbal M Khan (Sure Institute) spoke on the export of management consultancy services As Pakistan was a knowledge-based economy he stressed upon the need to acquire knowledge and understand it He suggested that most consultancies that were exported related to management consultancies eg providing advice counselling and policy papers and devising strategies He identified regulation as the key to develop services Pakistan had a lot of event managers that were capable of exporting services

Hafiz Aftab Ahmed (Aftab Associates) spoke on marketing research consultancy He pointed out that marketing research is related to services and products As more and more multinational companies were investing in Pakistan they needed quality market research for this purpose Therefore there was a need for more Pakistani companies to enter this field and enhance the capacity for exporting market research services to multinationals

R M Saleh Azam (Rai amp Azam Advocates and Legal Consultants) gave a very comprehensive presentation on Pakistanrsquos legal services potential He began by saying that if Pakistan was serious about enhancing the potential for export of services the focus should be on educational services


With regard to the export potential of legal services

bull Law firms and lawyers capable of exporting legal services are invariably concentrated in three cities Karachi Lahore and Islamabad Therefore the development of export capabilities of legal service providers should be concentrated in these three cities

bull Pakistani law firms presently not exporting could be encouraged to do so through a targeted export market development programme

bull Mode 1 (Legal Outsourcing) is the mode with the greatest potential as Pakistani legal service providers could solicit work from abroad rather than wait for foreign investors to come to Pakistan (Mode 2) and then provide them with the legal services Most Pakistani law firms are exporting legal services through Mode 2 It would be a strategic mistake to rely on Mode 2 and to ignore Mode 1 where most of the potential lies Mode 1 is also cheapest since services may be provided via e-mail and over the Internet It requires the least amount of capital investment but with the greatest returns Not many Pakistani lawyerslaw firms can afford to supply through Modes 2 and 3 Only two or three Pakistani law firms are providing legal services through Mode 3

bull For foreign law firms the advantages of outsourcing legal services to Pakistan are i) lower professional fee rates ii) flexible cost options iii) variable cost plans iv) at least 50 and up to 80 cost savings v) faster turnaround time vi) English language skills vii) US and UK trained lawyers viii) more time to focus on client development ix) pay less compared to existing payout for similar work x) worry less about employment law considerations

bull The markets of greatest export earning potential are the US UK China and the Middle East China is a big and growing market Pakistani lawyers have an edge over their Chinese counterparts because of relatively better English-language skills

bull Asian countries are of growing significance Indonesia Singapore Malaysia Thailand and Vietnam are all growing markets for international legal services which present different challenges

Mr Azam identified the challenges and obstacles facing the Pakistani legal export service providers as

bull Poor education standards generally This cannot be overcome in the short-run there has to be a long-term solution The foundation has to be laid through a good primary and secondary education

bull Lack of proficiency in English Although the majority of Pakistani lawyers are able to read write and to a varying degree speak English the standard of English language skills (including grammar vocabulary and expression) required in order to provide the type of legal services demanded by foreign importers are higher and more stringent The average Pakistani lawyer lacks such language competence skills due to a weak educational system This is an area that Pakistan should concentrate on ie upgrading the English language skills of lawyers in Pakistan


bull The ldquoqualification-competence disconnectrdquo Few qualified Pakistani lawyers are as good as their qualifications suggest This is because of poor education standards in Pakistani law schools and falling education standards in some foreign universitiescolleges where traditionally Pakistani law graduates go for higher education

bull Lack of capacity of lawyers and law firms Sole practitioners needed to come together to form partnerships with other lawyers Existing 2-3 partner law firms needed to merge with each other to create larger law firms Consolidation of the legal services sector is needed This can be done through regulation For example in Malaysia sole practitioners are not permitted to practice law and partnership firms must have a minimum of 10 lawyers

bull Lack of ongoing vocational training Vocational training is almost non-existent in the legal profession Bearing in mind that law is dynamic it was important to impart new skills to lawyers so that they may keep up with the latest developments in law

bull Lack of finances and credit Pakistani lawyers are on the ldquonegative listsrdquo of most financial institutions and therefore do not have access to credit This is an obstacle to growth and development There are two primary reasons for this

bull Financial institutions fear protracted litigation in case of default because lawyers are not afraid of the court process and know how to exploit loopholes in the law and

bull Since lawyers are providing services they have very little to offer in the way of collateral except their private properties which they are reluctant to offer

Possible solution Financial institutions could create a security over the foreign remittances being paid to the law firm Advance payment may be deposited in an escrow account and if the law firm fails to pay then the financial institution may be entitled to withdraw the advance This could be supplemented with a Personal Guarantee

bull Bar on advertising for lawyers and law firms Bar Councils do not permit advertising in the print or electronic media Websites however are the exception

The suggestions provided by Mr Azam for addressing the issues faced by the legal services sector of Pakistan and for enhancing its exports can be found in Box 4 below

Khozem Haider Mota (Haidermota amp Co Barristers at Law) also pointed out that the biggest problem was human resources and although there was great demand it could not be met due to a shortage of lawyers with sound legal skills He stressed the possibility of enhancing Mode 1 services provided to foreign clients by local lawyers and firms

Fawad Ahmed (A F Fergusan amp Co Chartered Accountants) spoke on the export of accountancy services He presented a Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of the accountancy sector (see below)


Strengths Weaknesses

Practical Experience in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting Standards (IAS)

Practical Experience of International Standards of Auditing (ISA)

Quality Standards of qualified accountants Cost effective human resource availability Proficiency of professionals in English Awareness of Best Practices Good reputation in local market Detailed understanding of legal framework

and local market conditions

Limited number of professionals especially members of ICAP and ICMAP

Low education standards at Primary and Secondary level

Relatively less documented economy Legal restriction in marketing of accounting

services by member firms of professional bodies

Relatively less exposure in automated business processes in local business environment

Opportunities Threats Transition to IFRS from local accounting

frameworks in developed countries Potential of Business Process Outsourcing

due to cost effectiveness Huge demand of qualified English proficient

accountants in China due to language barrier

Sarbanes-Oxley Compliances ERP implementation services Learning of developing practices by

providing services in all four modes

Entry barriers due to extensive immigration requirements in developed countries

Undercutting by Indian Accountants especially in the Middle East

Mr Ahmed also spoke about the potential service prospects of the accountancy sector under the different modes of GATS Accounting professionals in Pakistan have the potential to export services in all four modes The potential is more pronounced in Modes 1 and 4 but it is not exploited fully in any of the modes

Mode 1 Cross-Border Supply

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Depending on the nature and extent of its application BPO can lower a companyrsquos costs by 10 to 70 The elimination of inefficiencies caused by bureaucratic politics or institutional obstacles along with access to state-of-the-art technology economies of scale and labour arbitrage are among the reasons for the success of BPO in cutting expenses and capital outlays Growing recognition that Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) delivers in this respect is driving achievement of double-digit growth In Pakistan the accounting firms are already providing BPO services to various foreign companies

Statutory compliances

When the Enron and MCI scandals broke it became clear that something needed to be done to prevent financial abuses from harming the public The Sarbanes Oxley Act was signed into federal law on 30 July 2002 Its primary purpose was to protect investors by making corporate information released about accounting and finance more accurate and reliable It addressed issues like the establishment of a public company creation of an accounting oversight board auditor


independence corporate responsibility and enhanced financial disclosure The subsidiaries of companies listed in USA stock exchanges were required to comply with SOA This had resulted in the generation of SOA compliance work in Pakistan for Pakistan subsidiaries of US companies The knowledge and skill set acquired during such compliance had made Pakistani accountancy services internationally marketable

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Implementation

Over the past few years a few Pakistani accountants had gained expertise in implementation services of two of the most renowned ERP Solutions ie Oracle Financials and SAP Such skills were highly desirable and rewarding in the international market A few firms had already established ERP implementation practice in local market and had a number of successful projects They were facing tough competition in the international market but had an edge in being cost effective These services were rendered partially in Mode 1 and Mode 2 as a substantial portion of work was to be performed at site

Mode 2 Consumption Abroad

The services offered in Mode 2 may include business advice to foreign clients such as due diligence for potential investors in Pakistan provided by local accountants In contrast to other services such as tourism health etc the contribution from consumption abroad was insignificant The enhancement in Mode 1 will have an overlapping effect on services falling under Mode 2

Mode 3 Commercial Presence

Pakistani accounting firms were yet to explore the market of commercial presence abroad There was a potential for commercial presence in the countries where local professional bodies were yet to mature Middle East was one potential market and a few members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) are already practicing in four countries However this fell short of the real potential of export of services under Mode 3

Mode 4 Movement of Natural Persons

A significant advantage that may flow out of movement of natural persons (accountants) either way was the free interplay of knowledge which should help development of the profession This would assist implementation of best practices in the accountancy profession Free movement of professionals should not be construed to imply that all regulations must be removed Regulations were necessary with regard to professional qualifications on the basis of which such services can be rendered

Professional Services panel ndash Discussions

Qasim Niaz (MOC) was concerned about qualification-competence disconnect He pointed out that foreign universities were lowering their standards in order to get more and more students According to Nadeem Irshad Kiyani (Ministry of Labour) this disconnect was between the courses being taught abroad and the reality on ground

Majid Ali Wajid (ITC Consultant) pointed out that multinationals investing in Pakistan want to protect their products from infringements through registration of trademarks copyrights or patents depending on the nature of the right There were very few intellectual property lawyers in Pakistan who could exploit this situation by exporting their services to multinationals under Mode 1 Therefore specialized training should be imparted to lawyers in the field of intellectual


property In fact intellectual property laws should be made a mandatory part of the curriculum for law schools There was also debate between Khwajah Mansoor (Vellani amp Vellani Advocates and Legal Consultants) and R M Saleh Azam (Rai amp Azam) about whether foreign law firms or lawyers were allowed to represent in Pakistan which ended without consensus

Box 4 Professional Services panel Outline of key comments amp suggestions

Management Consultancy Services ndash Prof Iqbal M Khan and Mr Hafiz Aftab

bull More or less all consultancies that were exported related to management consultancies eg providing advice counselling policy papers and devising strategies

bull Pakistan had a lot of event managers that were capable of exporting services

bull As more and more multinational companies were investing in Pakistan they needed quality marketing research for this purpose Therefore there was a need for more Pakistani companies to enter this field

Legal Services ndash Mr R A Saleh Azam

bull Formulation of Legal Services Export Development Strategy (LSEDS)

bull Establishment of Legal Services Export Development Organization (LSEDO) that would work in the following areas

Information Collection amp Research Improving the Export Services Environment Marketing of Legal Services from Pakistan and Exploiting Export Opportunities Build awareness of legal services export potential Encourage legal services providers to invest in legal service sectors with potential Encourage legal service providers to be export-oriented Involve the legal services sector in trade talks Identify Target Markets

bull Publication of Pakistan Legal Services Export Directory

bull Permit law firms to advertise

bull Make credit available to law firms exporting legal services

bull Consolidation of the legal services sector encourage formation of law firms

bull Allow Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) Box 4 (continued)


Box 4 Professional Services panel Outline of key comments and suggestions (continued)

Accountancy Services ndash Mr Fawad Ahmed

bull To integrate internationally an appropriate regulatory system must be in place that ensured

There was a general reciprocity of rights and non-discrimination Foreign accountantsfirms were subject to the same disciplinary jurisdiction as Pakistani

accountants

bull There were great opportunities for the future development of the accountancy profession in Pakistan and Pakistani accountancy professionals could easily move abroad for rendering accountancy services

bull The major problem that the accountancy professionals were facing for services was Mode 4 entry barriers in various countries Work permits were required to render services abroad and were difficult to obtain due to stringent visa requirements

bull Pakistani Accountants were engaged in cross border supplies of services however the potential business in BPO and ERP Implementation Services was not utilized to its optimum Capacity building and marketing were required to progress in these areas

bull The by-laws of ICAP discouraged its members from marketing their services The big firms had representation in foreign countries and were respected for the quality of services being provided in Mode 1 However these services could be marketed by consulting firms who were not registered with ICAP or ICMAP

bull Awareness of trade potential in the accountancy profession was minimal at higher secondary level Brighter students tended to opt for traditional degree courses and did not understand the growth potential of the accountancy profession Professional bodies should increase promotion of professional education in accounting at Higher Secondary level Such measures would result in increased in-take of quality students in accounting profession

bull Continuing professional development of qualified accountants needed to be in line with international trends to ensure that an internationally marketable skill set was developed and maintained

Construction and Related Engineering Services panel

Mian Moeenuddin (Ministry of Housing and Works) began with the fact that the development of a country was directly proportionate to its construction activities For this reason the Government had identified it as one of the five major drivers of growth He referred to a number of measures taken by the Government for reviving the housing and construction sector including improvement in the availability of housing finance by encouraging commercial banks to extend housing loans reduction in interest rates from 17-18 to 75-85 streamlining of the legal framework for loan recovery of financial institutions and enhancement of bank exposure to housing finance from 5 to 10 of net advances Moreover Pakistan had adequate qualified manpower and sufficient number of registered contractors and consultants to undertake projects not only in Pakistan but overseas as well Pakistanrsquos architectural and engineering firms and physical constructions firms had successfully undertaken prestigious projects in Pakistan either independently or through joint ventures with foreign firms

Recently Pakistani contractors and engineering consultants had gained invaluable experience and international exposure after completing some important projects particularly in the Middle East and Africa At least a dozen such construction companies were currently working in the Middle East Central Asian Republics and Afghanistan NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan) had provided engineering services during the last 30 years to 32 countries all of whom were either Middle Eastern or least-developed countries One of the major reasons for this is that


Pakistani contractors were generally faced with financial constraints shortage of appropriate and adequate equipment and a lack of sophisticated construction methodology to undertake mega projects even in Pakistan Extraordinary efforts were required by the Government to uplift this crucial service sector Unless the Government proactively built the construction sectors multifaceted capacity and created an environment conducive to greater mobilization by providing financial privileges and ensuring joint ventures through consortiums for undertaking mega projects the prospects for this sector would remain grim The measures suggested by Mr Moeenuddin to achieve these objectives are summarised in Box 5

Mazhar ul Islam (Pakistan Engineering Council ndash PEC) began by saying that construction and related engineering services needed to be dealt with together and could not be treated independently from one another PEC was a statutory regulatory body for the engineering profession in Pakistan including engineering education The construction sector was governed by two by-laws the consultancy by-laws and the construction by-laws These by-laws were updated periodically PEC was working closely with the WTO Wing of the MOC He highlighted six significant features of the regulatory by-laws Licensing Requirements - both domestic and foreign service providers were to be licensed under PEC Both consultancy and construction contracts required that when a foreign service provider invests in Pakistan it had to enter into a joint venture with the Pakistani counterpart which should hold at least a 30 share The purpose of the joint venture was the transfer of technology Despite this requirement foreign contractors executed most mega projects in Pakistan He pointed out that this was a non-compliance of by-laws and consequently domestic contractors were suffering

He noted an exception in the by-laws that allowed a foreign contractor or consultant to provide services in Pakistan under an agreement of technology transfer without entering into a joint venture But if any foreign firm provided services in Pakistan it had to follow the procurement guidelines prepared by the PEC He informed that NESPAK a few years back had not been allowed to open an office in the USA under Mode 3 He suggested that the negotiators discuss more and commit less in the WTO as it would be difficult to reverse once commitments have been made

Ahmed Ghazal Usmani (Pakistan Contractors Association) said there were four major issues for the construction sector First contractors were concerned with a lack of financial facilities He gave the example delegations to Qatar and UAE that had the problem of guarantees He said there was no government system to give an internationalforeign bank guarantee or mobilization advance guarantee In this regard the EPB had approached the SBP however no decision had been taken He said there were three to four Pakistani companies providing services abroad but there was no government support and they were operating on their own Moreover there was a shortage of manpower In spite of TEVTA there was no effective training programme for developing the skills of manpower and in the light of the various projects going on trained manpower was the need of the hour In addition getting a license from PEC was unduly cumbersome for contractors

Akber Sheikh (Guarantee Engineers (Pvt) Ltd) advised that the Pakistan Contractors Association had not been involved in the services negotiations He posed a number of questions to the MOC and the participants including

bull What was the inherent difference between services trade and goods trade

bull Did Pakistan have a national services export strategy

bull Are there any targets set for export of services


bull Does Pakistanrsquos trade promotion authority have the expertise to develop services export strategy He mentioned that the previous Minister of Commerce had suggested the setting up of a separate Services Council but it was never acted upon

bull Can Pakistan possibly quantify the export potential of its services industry

bull Was capacity building on the domestic front a pre-requisite of capacity building on the export front

bull Was the current import facilitation policy a hindrance in the current capacity building process

bull Did the current WTO plus access policy of the Government make the negotiation process meaningless for the industry

bull Did the private sector have any forum to move against government subsidies provided to foreign services providers

Dr Tahir Masood (Habib Rafiq (Pvt) Ltd) gave his organizations experience of not being allowed to provide services to its full capacity His company was not given a fair opportunity by the Government to work at home Among the WAPDA contracts that were recently awarded only 10 went to local contractors Despite all the by-laws under PEC the contracts were not being awarded to local companies Dr Masood said that his company was providing services in its individual capacity in the Middle East There was a need to have a company or assistance from the government to negotiate the conditions of employment wages visas for the labour force instead of this work being done by the sponsors abroad In the Middle East firms have to work with the sponsors and the sponsors take a large chunk of the profits as commission Moreover in case of a foreign contract they have to provide a mobilization advance bond bid bond and a performance bond The Government must create a fund or a system in which companiesrsquo collateral back at home can be used for the purposes of these bonds

Asad Ismail A Khan (NESPAK) said that NESPAK was created to replace foreign consultants but as time passed and new projects were initiated in Pakistan more and more foreign consultants were invited to do the projects Another major issue was consultancy fees Apart from PEC the Pakistan Council of Architecture and Town Planning (PCATP) lays down a fee structure but in some cases the Government negotiated a fee for every contract which was detrimental to service providers

Construction and Related Engineering Services panel ndash Discussions

Mirza Muhammad Ashraf (Mirza Industries Karachi) said it was not easy for local contractors to import construction machinery of their choice as the Government defines the type of machinery that may be used in a project He requested that the MOC Central Board of Revenue (CBR) and the PEC take up this matter jointly

Engr M A Jabbar (Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry ndash FPCCI) requested transparency in government procurement With regard to mega projects there needed to be consultation on the portion of the contract to be given to local contractors subject to the availability of capacity Since the Government considered construction as an industry there was a need to reduce duties on the import of construction machinery

Akber Sheikh (Guarantee Engineers (Pvt) Ltd) commented that previously there was a policy decision by the Government that domestic contractors were to handle local projects and that a contract was divided into smaller contracts But this was not happening currently on the


justification that Pakistan is a market economy Contracts were being awarded to Chinese companies as lowest bidders and at times also as financiers The lowest bidder was chosen even if it was not performing well Moreover even when the money was coming from the Government rather than donor agencies the contract was being awarded to foreign companies

Mazhar ul Islam (PEC) said that PEC was not the Government but a regulatory authority As a regulator PEC has certain limitations Although the by-law requires a foreign contractor to supply a service where local workforce or technology was not available with local contractors this was not happening He said PEC could not take any suo moto action against violation of its by-laws only aggrieved parties such as Pakistan Contractors Association could point it out as an issue

Box 5 Construction and related engineering services panel Outline of key comments and suggestions

Mr Mian Moeenuddin

bull Ensure compliance of Pakistan Engineering Councils regulations for construction sector

bull Award mega projects not as turnkey contracts to foreign contractors but package the project into several smaller or medium sized modules so that Pakistani constructors can participate in the bid and undertake projects for which foreign expertise was not required

bull Establish a separate bank to facilitate Pakistani constructors financially

bull Reduce duty ratestaxes on import of construction machinery to the minimum possible

bull Initiate restructuring of the Professional Engineers category and enter into serious discussions with relevant international fora for addressing qualification equivalence issue

bull Create a conducive environment for contractors and engineering consultants to acquire relevant ISO-9000 certification and use of international standards

bull Initiate public-private partnership to create consortia to undertake mega projects

bull Initiate advance studies in relevant institutions for project management and quality controls including practical use of modern machinery and equipment available for the construction sector

bull Enhance the quality of human resources by Quality education at appropriate level Continued education Gainful-employment in the relevant field Accountability for professional negligence Institutionalized training Monitoring and remedial measures by the relevant statuary bodiesassociations

Mr Ahmed Ghazal Usmani

bull Develop system to give an internationalforeign bank guarantee or mobilization advance guarantee

bull Address shortage of manpower to meet present demand In spite of TEVTA there is a great need for an effective training programme

bull Streamline licensing procedure of PEC which was unduly cumbersome for contractors

bull Enforce by-laws that require use of Pakistani firms in mega projects Most mega projects were executed by foreign contractors in non-compliance of by-laws and to the detriment of domestic contractors

Box 5 (continued)


Box 5 Construction and related engineering services panel Outline of key comments and suggestions (continued)

Dr Tahir Masood

bull There was a need to have a company or government assistance to negotiate the conditions of employment wages visas for the labour force instead of this work being done by sponsors abroad

bull In case of a foreign contract Pakistan contractors have to give a mobilization advance bond bid bond and a performance bond Government must create a fund or a system in which the contractorsrsquo collateral back at home may be used for the purposes of these bonds

Mr Asad Ismail A Khan

bull A major issue of the architectural service providers was the consultancy fee Apart from PEC the Pakistan Council of Architecture and Town Planning (PCATP) lays down the fee structure but the Government negotiates a fee for every contract and this is detrimental to him to the in the wake of to service providers

Energy and Environmental Services panel

Muhammad Saleem Arif (Water and Power of Development Authority ndash WAPDA) began by saying that energy consumption is a direct measure of industrial strength export potential and the wealth of a nation Provision of adequate reliable secure and quality power supply was essential for the services sector to remain competitive in the global market He outlined the strategy for power sector development in Pakistan that included

bull Maximum additional capacity from indigenous resources increase hydro power capacity to about 12000 MW by 2015-16 and 32000 MW by 2030 nuclear 8800 MW and coal 20000 MW by 2030

bull Provinces to undertake PublicPrivate hydro power generation with local equipment

bull Extensive private sector participation (about 7100 MW by 2010)

bull Loss reduction by utilities by about 5 by 2010

bull Tariff to be rationalized

bull Focused energy conservation program including enactment of necessary laws

bull Regional linkages for importing power from Central Asian Countries and from Iran for Balochistan

bull Regulator National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) to be strengthened to enhance its effectiveness amp in protecting consumerentrepreneur interests

bull Adequate Transmission Infrastructure to be developed

bull Measures to boost local production of power equipment by local electrical engineering industry

bull Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) to develop renewable projects on fast track basis

bull Stagger load profiles to reduce consumption at peak hours

bull Electrification of all villages by Dec 2007


He also provided an overview of the infrastructure market and performance of Pakistanrsquos power sector He explained that Pakistan depends primarily on gas and partially on hydropower Most of the world is dependent on generation from coal Pakistan has one of the largest coal reserves but only 02 of it was being exploited for energy All developing countries had more industrial consumption compared to domestic consumption but in Pakistan it was otherwise He gave an overview of the reforms and restructuring going in Pakistanrsquos power sector He also provided the major functions of the main regulator NEPRA which included

bull Tariff determination amp regulation bull Granting licenses bull Promotion of competition in generation amp sale of electricity bull Maintenance of efficient amp economical system bull Protection of the interests of customers regarding price amp performance standards bull Oversee service standards operation procedures codes etc bull Oversee customer complaints amp resolution process

He informed that no power plants were under construction in Pakistan and after the next two years there would be severe shortages of power supply The Government took a decision 10 years ago that WAPDA would not invest in the public sector However the private sector was not coming forward in this regard and this has created a dilemma for the country He also explained the tariff structure of the power sector along with the subsidies that were being provided in the different sectors Some of the subsidies being provided to the domestic and agricultural sector were being picked up by the industrial sector According to him the main issues of the power sector were

bull Slow development rate of indigenous resources including hydro coal and renewable had deteriorated the overall supply position

bull Over the years the generation mix had tilted towards imported thermal which had resulted in increased electricity prices

bull Existing tariff structure subsidized some consumers at the expense of others Rationalization of the tariff was awaited

bull Inefficiencies and lack of conservation strategy

bull High losses and poor recoveries in certain regions and areas have increased the cost of the service and the tariff

bull The unbundling of WAPDA and creation of NEPRA was taking time to yield the desired benefits of power sector reforms

bull Lack of participation of local electrical engineering industry in power sector development not only for domestic market but also for exports

bull Lack of huge capital outlay which was required for the development of the power sector for sustained economic development in Pakistan

bull Lack of capacity of local banks to finance power sector projects and total dependence on international financial institutions such as IBRD ADB etc

He suggested that a comprehensive implementation plan with financing arrangements was required for the provision of an adequate reliable and quality power supply to accelerate the development of export oriented manufacturing agricultural and service sector in Pakistan

Aftab Ahmed (Aftec (Pvt) Ltd) mentioned that domestic service providers in the energy sector suffered from a shortage of information about business opportunities in other countries For


example a Pakistan energy company interested in Nigeria had difficulty finding a local partner and the firm had to request Burma Shell to introduce it to a local partner Shipping equipment to Nigeria was also difficult due to bureaucratic hurdles consequently the company had to buy second hand equipment from Dubai to be sent to Nigeria He emphasized that there was a need for assistance with marketing of energy services For example the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry offered support to domestic service firms by identifying countries for investment selecting companies providing funds and creating linkages with foreign firms He requested the MOC to come up with a similar strategy He suggested an option was to ldquogasifyrdquo the low quality coal present in Pakistan for energy purposes

Mohd Javaid Cheema (National Environmental Consulting (Pvt) Ltd Lahore) recommended developing Pakistanrsquos local potential first He pointed out that very few consultants were providing services in the energy conservation sector which were in high demand He also mentioned that renewable energy sources especially biogas could be exploited as sources of energy

Azheruddin Khan (National Environmental Consulting (Pvt) Ltd Lahore) said the first export of environmental services took place from Pakistan 10 years back through Mode 4 ie the temporary movement of environmental consultants to countries like Canada Australia and the Middle East Those environmental consultants who did not return to Pakistan were a big loss Large Companies like NESPAK export environmental services to countries like Middle East As a market entry strategy his company had collaborated with an international company to gain the benefits of the latterrsquos name in entering a market However the exchange required they provide 50 of their human resources in budgetary returns He suggested that large firms with a surplus of work such as NESPAK should create a network of small local companies for cooperative partnerships and delegate excess work to them instead of considering them as competitors

Mohd Pervaiz Aftab (NESPAK Consulting Engineers Lahore) said that hydropower projects were environmental friendly The Government had developed the National Environmental Policy 2005 He emphasized the capacity development elements of the policy including development of stakeholders ie institutions approved laboratories public sector training institutions etc

Energy and Environmental Services panel ndash Discussions

According to Mirza Muhammad Ashraf (Mirza Industries Karachi) the import of complete solar units was exempted from duties at the customs stage however if the components were imported individually then the practice was different In response it was a suggested that charging duties on the equipment was an effort to protect local industry In response to another question it was confirmed that environmental impact assessments and public consultations were mandatory requirements under Pakistan law including for banks considering granting loans to industry


Box 6 Energy and Environmental Services panel Outline of key comments amp suggestions bull Pakistan has one of the largest coal reserves but only 02 are being exploited for energy

bull All the developing countries in the world have more industrial consumption as compared to the domestic consumption but in Pakistan the case is otherwise

bull WAPDA should be allowed to invest in the public sector if the private sector is not coming forward in this regard

bull Some of the subsidies being provided to the domestic and agricultural sector are being picked up by the industrial sector This practice should be brought to an end

bull There is a great need for information about energy service opportunities in foreign countries

bull Pakistan should develop a pro-active approach to strengthen energy services

Transport Services panel

Javaid Mansoor (National Trade amp Transport Facilitation Committee Karachi ndash NTTFC)

ntion on Road Traffic 1968 and

968

s Convention on the

tion on Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles 1956

tion of Frontier Control of Goods 1982

56

highlighted the opportunities for export of road transport services to Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries Pakistan Iran and Turkey are the founder members of ECO In the 1990s Afghanistan and other Central Asian Republics joined to make a much larger regional block The Central Asian States were landlocked and ports in Pakistan and Iran offered the easiest access to sea for international trade and transport Transit transport to Central Asian States represented a significant opportunity for Pakistan for export of road transport services Iran had been working aggressively for development of its road and rail infrastructure for transit transport to the Central Asian States and was ahead of Pakistan Recently the Government had also started work on development of its road infrastructure to meet the requirements of transport to the Central Asian States However not much attention had been paid to provide the legal framework for transit transport in accordance with the requirements of international conventions During 1997 accession to a number of international Conventions was agreed in the Program of Action for the ECO Decade of Transport and Communications (1998-2007) Pakistan had so far ratified or acceded to only the following two conventions

bull Conve

bull Convention on Road Signs and Signals 1

At present the Government was processing accession to the CustomInternational Transport of Goods under the Cover of TIR Carnet 1975 (TIR Convention) It was expected that in due course this would be acceded to While some of conventions were not relevant to Pakistan accession to the following Conventions was necessary for implementation of the TIR Convention and smooth transit transport to Central Asian Republics (CARs) and other member states of ECO

bull Customs Conven

bull Customs Convention on Containers 1972

bull International Convention on the Harmoniza

bull Convention on Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) 19


It was suggested that the Government should seriously consider accession to the above-mentioned conventions for the upcoming trade policy

Concluding Session

Report by Rapporteur Priorities for Service Export Roadmap

In closing Majid Ali Wajid (ITC Consultant) summarized the significant aspects of the various sessions and organized them around export strategy He began with the draft Export Services Roadmap touched upon strategic thrust areas and priorities identified during the panel discussions and concluded with ways to continue the dialogue He discussed the increase of institutional support streamlining of the regulatory environment strengthening of the input infrastructure and providing of better information in the light of the discussions by the different services sector panels He also summed up the various service sector panel discussions and tried to focus on the key recommendations and issues He emphasized that the refining of the Roadmap in order to enhance services exports was a continuous and evolving process and was not possible without stakeholders support Key points of his presentation are outlined in Box 7

EXPANDING PAKISTANrsquoS EXPORT OF SERVICES

Increase Institutional Support

bull Strengthen Trade Associations

bull Build Services Capability in EPB

bull Increase Services Focus in other organizations

Strengthen Service Input Infrastructure

bullMatch Human Resource Supply with demand

bullImprove Financial Lending Environment

bullImprove Utility Provisions

Provide Better Informationbull Classify Service Revenue as per UN Recommendations

bull Establish Resource Centers

bull Create Greater Awareness of Service Export Potential

Streamline Regulatory Environmentbull Ease Domestic Regulatory Environment

bull Improve Public-Private Consultation Process

bull Integrate Private Sector Priorities into Multilateral Trade Negotiating Objectives

Services Export Road MapServices Export Road Map


Box 7 Priorities for Service Export Roadmap Outline of key recommendations

General


bull Strengthen services associations

bull Create service coalitions

bull Build services capability in EPB

bull Increase services focus in other organizations such as SMEDA Industrial Information Network (IIN) etc IIN could also work for services apart from textiles and leather

Streamline regulatory environment

bull Ease domestic regulatory environment

bull Improve public private consultation process

bull Constitute a Services Export Taskforce at a federal level

bull Involve provincial governments and private firms in trade in services dialogue

bull Encourage all Chambers of Commerce to advocate trade in services

Integrate private sector priorities into multilateral trade negotiating objectives

bull Match human resource supply with demand

bull Consider further assistance for training institutions

Strengthen services input infrastructure

bull Improve and create vehicles for export financing bull Ensure appropriate assessment of the unique collateral of services industries bull Establish Exim Bank in Pakistan

Provide better information bull Classify service revenue as per UN recommendations bull Establish resource centres bull Create greater awareness of service export potential

Sectoral

Financial Services Sector bull SBP can create a more conducive environment for the domestic banks to facilitate lending to

service providers bull Enforcement of contracts be ensured and protracted litigation curbed bull Capital market can issue paper to augment lending by banks as was the case in India bull Establish of Exim Bank in Pakistan

Box 7 - Continued



Box 7 Priorities for Service Export Roadmap Outline of key recommendations (continued)

Sectoral (continued)

Educational Services sector bull Improve and harmonize curricula by Higher Education Commission (HEC) based on market

needs bull Establish proper accreditation system bull Create a consortium of universities to examine human resource needs of service industries bull Exploit potential in engineering services

Professional services bull Enhance potential in Mode 1 services bull Autonomous organizations to improve their ability to promote exports of professional services bull Increase market access to China Middle East US and UK

Construction and Related Engineering Services sector bull Ease procedure for grant of license by PEC bull Increase and institutionalize interaction of private sector with MOC for negotiations bull Create effective means for promoting exports bull Divide mega contracts into several components

Environmental and Energy Services sector bull Exploit different sources of supply such as coal hydro or gas bull Encourage private sector to invest in the energy sector bull Encourage local banks to invest in the power sector bull Develop human resource capacity provide incentives to reduce brain drain bull Include environmental services skills in the curriculum of universities and technical institutes

General recommendations of priority sectors

bull Promote health and religious tourism bull Explore event management services potential bull Promote sports like golf and cycling bull Expand banking across borders bull Examine potential in Islamic banking accounting medicine engineering

How the dialogue is to continue

bull Keep MOC and the regulatory authorities in the loop regarding the concerns and issues of the private sector

bull Form services coalitions bull Conduct joint studies bull Share views with each other through e-mail bull Spread the word among other service providers and stakeholders and encouraging them to

participate bull Conduct workshops seminars symposia and conferences bull Maintain a list of active stakeholders

Pakistan service export needs amp priorities Discussion

On the subject of EPB Prof Iqbal M Khan (Sure Institute) explained that a number of models were available from different countries for the promotion and development of exports In India for example the EPB is a mega authority divided into different components Moreover India also has an Engineering Development Board that takes the product to other countries arranges for the stay of the entrepreneur abroad for as long as 6 months at its expense secures the contract for the firm and ensures that the firm meets its obligations under the contract

With regard to education Prof Khan pointed out that it was education that really separated the manufacturing sector from the services sector He stressed the need for every service firm to conduct its own training He further emphasized the need for strengthening of associations The real bottleneck for services was the lack of associations and the weaknesses of the existing ones He thought that a law was needed to require associations to become export quality education advocacy and professional certification oriented and there should be penalties for inefficiency He also emphasized the importance of directories for every sector of the economy He mentioned the example of Singapore where a directory of exporters was available for each and every service

Prof Khan suggested that Pakistan needed to identify niche markets He thought Pakistan should target health and religious (Nankana Sahib and Taxila pilgrims) and recreational tourism (golf and cycling sports) He cited the example of medical services efficiently being sold by Malaysia including facilitation services such as getting visas for the patients and identifying hospitals for them Despite having the potential he thought that Pakistan was poor in marketing its hospitals and medical services

According to Mr Tanwiri (Vellani amp Vellani) whenever regulatory authorities like the SBP wished to change a regulation they should take all the stakeholders into their confidence and not just the banks

Mr Mazhar ul Islam (PEC) suggested that all stakeholders should be on the MOCrsquos mailing list for the purposes of negotiations The MOC needed to automatically contact stakeholders so that subsequently they may not have a reason to complain that they were not consulted before the negotiations

Mr Muhammad Saleem Arif (WAPDA) identified the security and image problem as the biggest issue that Pakistan faced in its export of services Mr Qasim Niaz (MOC) responded that the Government was looking seriously into this matter

Ms Shaista Sohail (Pakistan Permanent Mission) suggested that universities should begin with short programs particularly improving linguistic problems Short training courses should be arranged by the businesses themselves She explained Pakistanrsquos strategy of negotiating in stages at the WTO She also spoke on the visa issue and informed that negotiations were already going on with regard to GATS visa however countries under GATS were allowed to regulate their visa policy in a reasonable and objective way

The workshop participants concluded that in order to enhance the export of services in the current context educational standards need to be elevated and both the Government and industry needed to redefine their goals and consult each other on the relevant issues so that an effective Roadmap could be formulated


Box 8 Concluding Session Outline of key recommendations bull EPB being a mega authority could be divided into different components

bull Issue export directories of services sectors of the economy

bull Associations should be encouraged to orient themselves to export quality education advocacy professional certification and there should be recognition of outstanding performance

bull Identify niche markets in trade in services Pakistan can target health religious (Nankana Sahib and Taxila pilgrims) and recreational tourism (golf and cycling sports) Facilitation services can be provided such as getting visas for the patients and identifying hospitals

bull All stakeholders should be on the MOC mailing list for the purposes of negotiations They need to be automatically contacted to give their input for the negotiations

bull Universities should begin with short programs particularly improving linguistic problems

bull Services subsidies offered to consumers should be examined

bull The MOC should provide links on its website regarding information relating to services

Closing remarks

Mr Qasim Niaz (MOC) gave the closing remarks He said that events of this sort are being organized periodically with the support of MOC but he wished that the EPB would take charge of it as early as possible He also suggested that the associations should also begin conducting such events and MOC would be glad to participate in them

Mr Niaz also commented that the most important issue might not be the export of services but the enhancing of domestic competitiveness so that the net gain could be reflected in the whole economy He further reiterated that a balanced approach was required between exports and imports of services He stressed the importance of an efficient legal system in the country for purely economic reasons particularly with regard to enforcement of contracts He thought that with the efficient enforcement of contracts the country would have a more productive economy

Finally Mr Niaz thanked all the participants and organisers of the workshop for the healthy participation and useful brainstorming sessions

Annexes

The following documents are attached

1 Workshop programme

2 List of participants


Annex 1 - Workshop Programme

Friday 26 May 2006

Introduction amp scene setting 900 ndash 915am

Welcome Mr Eric Alvarez Gurza Chief Office for Asia-Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean Division of Technical Cooperation Coordination International Trade Centre (ITC)

915 ndash 945am

Opening Remarks Mr Qasim Niaz Joint Secretary (WTO) Ministry of Commerce

945 ndash 1015am

State of Play in WTO Services Negotiations Ms Shaista Sohail Economic Counsellor Permanent Mission of Pakistan to WTO Geneva

1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am

Key Findings of Pakistan Services Capacity Report Mr Arif Ahmed Khan National Programme Coordinator International Trade Centre (ITC)

1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break


Managing the request-offer process Sectoral challenges amp opportunities

100 ndash 145pm

Financial Services (Banking amp Securities)

Presenters

Mr Azhar Kureshi Director Exchange Policy State Bank of Pakistan Karachi

Mr Imtiaz Haider Director Securities Market Division Securities amp Exchange Commission Islamabad

Respondents

Ms Tahira Raza Group Chief (Risk Management) National Bank of Pakistan Karachi

Mr Irfan Ahmed Khan Head of Corporate (South) Faysal Bank Karachi

145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm

Educational Services

Presenter

Dr Muhammad Ehsan Malik Director Institute of Business Administration University of the Punjab Lahore

Respondents

Mr Humayun Sultan Ansari Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Karachi

Dr Qais Aslam Chairman Department of Economics Government College University Lahore

The session will involve presentations by the relevant government departments and regulators and brief responses by the respective service associations focusing on issues including

bull The current policy framework

bull Key regulatory trends including rules governing foreign entry and participation as well as and constraints faced

bull Trends in sectoral performancecompetitiveness

bull Opportunities to enhance exports

bull The nature of requests received in the sector and

bull The scope for economic impact and the rationale for enhancing Pakistans commitments under the GATS


300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm

Professional Services

Presenters

Mr Nadeem Irshad Kiyani Director Ministry of Labour Islamabad Respondents

Mr Hafiz Aftab Ahmed Chief Executive Aftab Associates Market Research Consultants Lahore

Prof Iqbal M Khan President Sure Institute Lahore

Mr RM Saleh Azam Partner Rai amp Azam Advocates amp Legal Consultants Lahore

Mr Khozem A Haidermota Partner Haidermota amp Co Barristers at Law amp Corporate Counsellors Karachi Mr Fawad Ahmed Manager AF Ferguson amp Co Chartered Accountants Lahore

430 ndash 500pm

Discussion

Saturday 27 May 2006

Managing the request-offer process Sectoral challenges amp opportunities (continued)


900 ndash 1015am

Construction amp Related Engineering Services

Presenters

Mr Mian Moeenuddin Joint Engineering Advisor Ministry of Housing amp Works Islamabad

Respondents

Mr Mazhar ul Islam Convenor Standard amp Quality Committee of Pakistan Engineering Council Lahore

Mr Ahmed Ghazal Usmani Chairman All Pakistan Contractors Association Karachi

Mr Akber Sheikh Managing Director Ms Guarantee Engineers (Pvt) Ltd Lahore

Dr Tahir Masood General Manager Habib Rafiq (Pvt) Ltd Lahore

Mr Asad Ismail A Khan Vice President (Architecture amp Planning) NESPAK Consulting Engineers Karachi

1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am

Environmental amp Energy Services

Presenters

Mr Mohd Saleem Arif General Manager (Planning Power) Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Lahore

Respondents

Mr Aftab Ahmad Chief Executive Ms Aftec (Pvt) Ltd Lahore

Mr Mohd Javaid Cheema Manager National Environmental Consulting (Pvt) Ltd Lahore

Mr Azheruddin Khan Chief Executive National Environmental Consulting (Pvt) Ltd Lahore

Mr Mohd Pervaiz Aftab Vice President (Environment) NESPAK Consulting Engineers Lahore

1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter

Mr Javaid Mansoor Executive Secretary National Trade amp Transport Facilitation Committee Karachi

1245 ndash 100pm Discussion

100 ndash 200pm Lunch Break


Service export needs and priorities

Issues for discussion

bull Strengthening regulatory institutions and associations

bull Addressing domestic competitiveness problems and core service infrastructure bottlenecks

bull Strengthening the process of stakeholder consultation with the private sector NGOs and the academic community

bull Investing in policy research on services and strengthening Pakistanrsquos participation in South Asian research networks on services

200 ndash 330pm

Pakistan Service Export Needs amp Priorities

Panel members

Mr Qasim Niaz Joint Secretary (WTO) Ministry of Commerce

Ms Shaista Sohail Economic Counsellor Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the WTO Geneva


330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm

Concluding Session Report by Rapporteur Priorities for Service Export Roadmap

Mr Majid Ali Wajid ITC consultant

445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



Annex 2 ndash List of Participants

Resource Persons International Trade Centre Eric Alvarez Gurza Chief Office for Asia-Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean Division of Technical Cooperation Coordination International Trade Centre 54-56 Rue de Montbrillant Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland Tel +41 22 730 0615 Fax +41 22 730 0811 E-mail alvarezintracenorg

Arif Ahmed Khan National Programme Coordinator TRTA-ITC Programme Office House 2 Street 59 F-84 Islamabad Pakistan Tel +92 51 285 6373 Fax +92 51 2856242 E-mail khan-arifintracenorg Majid Ali Wajid ITC ConsultantAdvocate High Court Majid Ali Wajid amp Co Advocates and Legal Consultants 2nd Floor Ali Plaza 13 - Fane Road Lahore Pakistan Tel +92 42 7323680 Cell +92 3004100181 E-mail mawajid01cantabnet

Ministry of Commerce Qasim M Niaz Joint Secretary WTO Ministry of Commerce WTO Wing EAC Building 5-A Constitution Avenue Islamabad Tel +92 51 9202107 Fax +92 51 9213785 E-mail jswtoyahoocom

Shaista Sohail Economic Counsellor Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the WTO 37-39 Rue de Vermont Geneva Switzerland Tel +4122 7487018 Fax +4122 733 7650 Cell +41-795737489 E-mail shaistasohailwto-pakistanorg

Financial Services Sector Azhar Kureshi Director Exchange Policy Department State Bank of Pakistan Karachi Tel +92 21 92124592453966 Fax +92 21 9212527 E-mail azharkureshispborgpk Imtiaz Haider Director Securities Market Division Securities amp Exchange Commission of Pakistan Islamabad Tel +92 51 9203126 Fax +92 51 9218595 Cell +92 3009566270

Tahira Raza Group Chief (Risk Management) National Bank of Pakistan NBP Building II Chundrigar Road Karachi Tel +92 21-9212744 Fax +92 21 9212820 Irfan Ahmed Khan Senior Vice President and Corporate Head ndash South Faysal Bank Ltd Trade Centre I I Chundrigar Road P O Box 472 Karachi Tel +92 21 1117477472631252 Fax +92 21 2637982 E-mail Irfanfaysalbankcom


Educational Services sector Prof Dr Muhammad Ehsan Malik Director Institute of Business Administration University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore Tel +92 42 9231257

Fax +92 42 9231259 Cell +92 3008455453 Email directoribapuedupk

Humayun Sultan Ansari Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration University Road Karachi Tel +92 21 111-422-422 (Ext 233) Fax +92 21 9243421 E-mail humayunansari75yahoocom Dr Qais Aslam Chairman Department of Economics Government College University Katchery Road Lahore Tel +92 42 111000010 Ext 277 280 Fax +92 42 9211337 Cell +92 3334212636 E-mail drqais2000yahoocom

Professional Services sector

Nadeem Irshad Kiyani Director Workers Welfare Fund Ministry of Labour Manpower amp Overseas Pakistanis Block-16 F-6 Markaz Super Market Islamabad Tel +92 51 9208266 Fax +92 51 9221323 Hafiz Aftab Ahmed Chief Executive Aftab Associates (Pvt) Ltd Market Research Consultants 5-E1 Gulberg-III Lahore Pakistan Tel +92 42 5871131-365764971 Fax +92 42 5762483 Cell +92 3008446456 E-mail aftabaftabassociatescom Prof Iqbal M Khan President Sure Institute 2M Ashrafi Heights Main Market Gulberg II Lahore Tel +92 42 5786363 Fax +92 42 5786362 Cell +92 3214046625 E-mail iqbalsureinstitutecompk

RM Saleh Azam Partner Azam and Rai Advocates amp Legal Consultants Fane Road Lahore Tel +92 42 7211701 Fax +92 42 7211704 Cell +92 3004493814 E-mail infoazamraicom Khozem A Haidermota Partner Haidermota amp Co Barristers at Law D-79 Block 5 Clifton KDA Scheme No 5 Karachi Tel +92 21 111 5200005879097 Fax +92 21 5862329 Fawad Ahmed Manager AF Ferguson amp Co Chartered Accountants amp Auditors 506-509 Alfalah Building Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam Lahore Pakistan Tel +92 42 6285078-85 Fax +92 42 6285088 Cell +92 3008467912 E-mail fawadahmadpkpwccom

Construction and Related Engineering Services sector

Mian Moeenuddin Joint Engineering Advisor Ministry of Housing amp Works Islamabad Tel +92 51 9217156 Fax +92 51 9203819 Cell +92 3335241352

Mazharul Islam Convenor Standard amp Quality Committee of Pakistan Engineering Council NESPAK Consulting Engineers 1-C Block-N Model Town Extension Lahore Tel +92 42 5209000 Fax +92 42 5160509 Cell +92 3334347655


Ahmed Ghazal Usmani Chairman All Pakistan Contractors Association Ms Usmani Associates Engineers Architects and Contractors Karachi Tel +92 21 5653501-6

Fax +92 21 5683313 Cell +92 3008252077 Akber Sheikh Managing Director Ms Guarantee Engineers (Pvt) Ltd 3rd floor Elahi Arcade 26 - Empress Road Lahore Tel +92 42 1118647246288587-88

Fax 042-57700806288593 Cell +92 3008429262 E-mail akbervohrahcom

Dr Tahir Masood General Manager Habib Rafiq (Pvt) Ltd 6- K Block ndash H Lahore Tel +92 42 111475475 Fax +92 42 5710890 E-mail tmasoodhabibrafiqcom Asad Ismail A Khan Vice President (Architecture amp Planning) NESPAK Consulting Engineers 9th Floor PNSC Building Maulvi Tamiz-ud-din Khan Road Karachi Tel +92 21 9201425 Fax +92 21 9201424 Cell +92 3008222110

Energy and Environmental Services sector

Mohd Saleem Arif General Manager (Planning Power) National Transmission amp Dispatch Company WAPDA House Lahore Tel +92 42 9202607 Fax +92 42 9202604 E-mail saleemarifntdccompk Aftab Ahmad Chief Executive Ms Aftec (Pvt) Ltd 20 - Gulberg V Lahore Tel +92 42 57556145710010 Fax +92 42 5780137 E-mail aftec_ltdyahoocom Mohd Javaid Cheema Manager National Environmental Consulting (Pvt) Ltd Plot 16 Perfect SITE 21-KM Rohi Nullah Gajju Matta Ferozepur Road Lahore Tel +92 42 5274527-30 Fax +92 42 5274526 Cell +92 3008462281 E-mail necnexlinxnetpk

Azheruddin Khan Chief Executive National Environmental Consulting (Pvt) Ltd Plot 16 Perfect SITE 21-KM Rohi Nullah Gajju Matta Ferozepur Road Lahore Tel +92 42 5274527-30 Fax +92 42 5274526 Cell +92 300-8454061 E-mail necnexlinxnetpk Mohd Pervaiz Aftab Vice President (Environment) National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd Business Development Division NESPAK House 1-C Block-N Model Town Extension Lahore Tel +92 42 5163574 5209000 (Ext 642) Fax +92 42 5160509 E-mail bddnespakcompk

Transport Services sector

Javaid Mansoor Executive Secretary National Trade amp Transport Facilitation Committee B-2 Federation House Main Clifton Karachi Tel +92 21 5821814 E-mail nttfccybernetpk


Participants Feroze Ashraf Tabani Director Seri Sugar Mills Limited 1st Floor Hassan Ali Centre Opposite Mereweather Tower MA Jinnah Road Karachi Tel +92 21 24183892418390 E-mail tabaniferozehotmailcom Mirza Muhammad Ashraf Proprietor Mirza Industries 262 7th Commercial Street Phase-IV DHA Karachi Tel +92 21 53915535391641 Fax +92 21 5391598 Cell +92 3002428607 E-mail mirind33hotmailcom Sohail Siddiqui Chief Operating Officer Outreach Digital Suite 1513 National IT Park Shahrah-e-Faisal Karachi Aisha Amjad Assistant Manager SMEDA 6th Floor LDA Plaza Egerton Road Lahore Tel +92 42 111-111-456 Fax +92 42 630 4926-7 E-mail aishasmedaorgpk Babar B Jhumra Managing Partner NBA Computers 47-H-1 Block-6 PECHS Karachi Tel +92 21 4384005 Fax +92 21 4384006 E-mail jhumranbacompk Dr Ludmila Rehmani Manager Marketing Services Efroze Chemical Industry (Pvt) Ltd 12-C Block-6 PECHS Shahrah e Faisal Karachi Tel +92 21 111337337 E-mail ludmilaefrozecom

Javed Safdar Tanwiri Advocate High Court Vellani amp Vellani Advocates 148 18th East Street Phase-I Defence Officersrsquo Housing Authority Karachi Tel +92 21 5801000 Fax +92 21 5802120 E-mail javedtanwirivellanicom Engr MA Jabbar Chief Executive Qaim Automotive Manufacturing (Pvt) Ltd 230-206 Prince Centre Preedy Street Saddar Karachi Tel +92 21 273 3000 Fax +92 21 2720419 Cell +92 300-8236782 E-mail infoqaimfilterscompk Waheed Alam Deputy Secretary NTTFC Secretariat Federation House Main Clifton Karachi Tel +92 21 5822871-72 Fax +92 21 5821814 E-mail waheedalamnttfcorg Khawaja Mansoor Advocate Supreme Court Vellani amp Vellani Advocates 148 18th East Street Phase-I Defence Officersrsquo Housing Authority Karachi Tel +92 21 5801000 Fax +92 21 5802120 E-mail khawajamansoorvellanicom Usman Ahmed Khan Asst Program Coordinator TRTA-ITC Programme Office House 2 Street 59 F-84 Islamabad Tel +92 51 285 6373 Fax +92 51 2856242 E-mail khan-usmanintracenorg



Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony

WTO Services negotiations Present state of play

Pakistan Services Capacity Report Key findings





















Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006

Introduction amp scene setting






Resource Persons

This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union (EU) as part of an EU-funded Trade Related Technical Assistance (TRTA) programme with the Government of Pakistan The International Trade Centre UNCTADWTO (ITC) is implementing the programme The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the consultant Facts and figures set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the consultant and should not be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the EU ITC UNCTAD or WTO The factual details and in-country resources in the publication have been researched and compiled by the consultant ITC has not formally edited this report

Written by Majid Ali Wajid

copy International Trade Centre (UNCTADWTO) Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland Email itcregintracenorg httpwwwintracenorg June 2006

ITC Your Partner in Trade Development The International Trade Centre is the technical cooperation agency of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) for operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of international trade development As the United Nations focal point for technical cooperation in trade promotion ITC works with developing countries and economies in transition to set up effective trade promotion programmes to expand their exports and improve their import operations ITC works in six areas

Product and market development Development of trade support services Trade information Human resource development International purchasing and supply management Needs assessment programme design for trade promotion

Page ii

Contents

Abbreviations i i i

Introduction 1









Page i

Page ii

Abbreviations


Page iii

Page iv

Introduction
















Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

Contents

Abbreviations i i i

Introduction 1









Page i

Page ii

Abbreviations


Page iii

Page iv

Introduction
















Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

Page ii

Abbreviations


Page iii

Page iv

Introduction
















Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

Abbreviations


Page iii

Page iv

Introduction
















Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

Page iv

Introduction
















Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

Introduction
















Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons





Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony


























































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons



















































































































































accountants




































Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons


























Mr Mian Moeenuddin















Box 5 (continued)



Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons


Dr Tahir Masood




















































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons
































968

s Convention on the



56


bull Conve



bull Customs Conven






Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons


Concluding Session





















General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons


General


















Sectoral



Box 7 - Continued


































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

































Closing remarks




Annexes






Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons


Friday 26 May 2006



915 ndash 945am


945 ndash 1015am


1015 ndash 1145am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1130am


1130 ndash 1200

Discussion

1200 ndash 100pm

Lunch Break



100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons


100 ndash 145pm


Presenters



Respondents



145 ndash 215pm

Discussion

215 ndash 300pm


Presenter


Respondents











300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

300 ndash 330pm

Discussion

330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 430pm


Presenters






430 ndash 500pm

Discussion




900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

900 ndash 1015am


Presenters


Respondents






1015 ndash 1045am

Discussion

1045 ndash 1100am

Coffee Tea Break

1100 ndash 1145am


Presenters


Respondents





1145 ndash 1215pm

Discussion


1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

1215 ndash 1245pm

Transport Services

Presenter











200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons







200 ndash 330pm


Panel members




330 ndash 345pm

Coffee Tea Break

345 ndash 445pm



445 ndash 500pm

Closing Remarks



































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

































Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction



Friday 26 May 2006


Opening ceremony























Concluding Session



Closing remarks

Annexes


Friday 26 May 2006







Resource Persons

national services workshop - ec-trta pakistan · tevta technical education and ... service...

Documents