national park service history elibrary - i .. .; ,;- united states … · 2017. 4. 24. · i ' i i...

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-I .. .; . ",;-~ UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

< ' ' FILE NO.

SHORT HISTORY OF l'Om!T Rll.Il\IER NATIONAL PARK

ROBERT N, !~C INT:!RE

1952.

(ccopy l.}

IMPORTANT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ql!APTER

I, Ill'l'RODUCTION1

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A, GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING OF MOUNT RAI•lI"ffi ID..TIOWlL PA-'lK.

B, ABO!l.ItTINlt.L HiSTORY OF MOON? RAINIZR NATIONAL PARK:

1, TllE INDIAf!S,

2. TllE IN!llAl! IEGENDS OF TID: MOIJNTA!:{,

3, THE INDIA.NS' PART IN EX?LORATIOI!.

4, THE INDIAN PUCE NAMES OF l~OffiF.!' fu'.INIER,

C. Crn!iING OF THE VIHI7E L!AN, {PERIOD E/,'lJING 1792 WITH DISCOV!Ii.Y OF MOUNT Ri..IllI::.;;t),

D. PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF THE PEP,IOD DO!AIWLTED BY TllE FUR COO'ANIES. (1795-le.40),

E, A.'.!ER~CA!I PERIOD Oll ?U[lET SOUND (leli.0-1867),

F, EXPLORATION AND SETTlWENT OF .l!O~ RAINISR (l867-l139'l).

G-, IMPORTANT CLBl3S .'1'0 EVENTS (1691-1897}.

THE W..TIONAL ?ARl( MOVEJ\IBNT1

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IlltEMION OF MOVEl.IBNT TO ESTABLISH TEE PARK.

I&lt.DERS IJ: THE JJOm

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c~PTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS ( CO!.'TINl!Ell)

!, OPPOSITION TO THE MOVEllENT • ------

_3, PRESEIIT ATTITUIJ£ TCfi'IARD THE !lATIOWIL Pl.RK. ----

III, HISTORY OP l.IOUNT RAINER AS A NA.TIONAL PARK (1699-1951)1

A, THE PERSONllEL:

l. TllE PARK SUFEllINTENDE/fTS, -----2, THE !.SSISTANT SUPERINTENDENTS, ----3, TH:: P!L'l.K NATURALISTS. ------/.i, i'ARK RANGERS NO LONGER SEJl.VING. ------5. THE PRESE!li' RA!JG:£R STAFF· -----6, THE WLY MOUM'l'.~IN GUIDES (1891-1929)1 -----

B. EARLY TR!.h'S?ORTATION (1883-1915), -----c, EIRXEF CHRONOLOGY OF ?J\RK ROAD DEVELOP>IBNT, ----D. EARLY HOT£:LS AND caoPS AND Tl!f:IR KEEPERS~

1, THE LONGMIRE S?RINGS HOTEL. ----------

3o NATIONAL PARK INN, LONCMIRE, ------/.i., TeE FJ..IllIER NATIONi.L PllRK CClli'PAlii' O?ER;\TION. -----

E, l'II!JJLIFE AND FISH Yi

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' ' TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) • '"'""' "" '· THE IJEVJ':LOPMENT OF MOUNT RAINIER .~S A il'INTER USE I -· ----- ,,,

l. THE INTERPRETIVE PROGRAM AND ITS GROVl'tll'., ------ 171 I •• !'Rm!IWENT P!:OPLE \7'!10 !IA'llE HELPED THE PARK:

" FRAJ\CIS VlELLINGTON CUSEllii.N. ------I l.35 '· EUGENE RICKSECKE:K. ------ 10:5 I '· EOM!JND S, llEAN'f. ------ l36 4. AS.1.!!EL CU'ITIS, ----- 1~6 .. '· RAINIER NATIONAL PoRI\ ADVISORY Bai.RD, ------ 1

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TABLE OF CON"rENTS ( CO!l'I'I!roED)

i'AC;;

Ali ACT TO SET ASIDE A PORTION OF CERTAIN" Llt.NDS IN TEE STATE OF WASll!NGTOH, NO'lf XNO'llN AS '!'HE: ~PACIFIC PoP.tST RESERVE", AS A PUBLIC FAR!'; TO BE KRrnN AS "YOUNT RAINIER W..TIONAL PARK", APPROVED J.Wl.Cll: ~. 1899. ---- '"

REGULATIONS GOVERNING l~01_JJIT RAINIER l!AT!OW.L PARK, hUGUST l, 1903, ----- J.."7

ACT OF TEE LEGISLA'l'URE OF WA.SB1liGTON, APPROVED !!ARCH 16, 1901, CEDI!IG TO TH£ m.~TED STATES EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION ITT'Til MOUNT RAINIE.rt NATIONAL PARK Ill Tffi: ST.~TE OF W.~SHINGTOll. (LAWS OF 1'£'.S!lINGTON, 1901,

PAcrE 192). ----- ~):.: GElITTtAL REGULATIOJ,'S " JtnIB 10, 19()8, -·-

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REGUI.it.TIONS OF J!J1'1E 10, 1908, GOVERNING TEE ADl,\!SS!ON OF AUTClMOBlr.ES, ---- "'

G£JmU.L REG'ULATIONS OF !!_ASCH 30, 1912, AND Il/STRUC-TIONS OF ~\!'.RC!'! ~. 1912. ----- '"

AN ACT TO ACCEPT Ti!Z CESSIO!; BY- TliE STATE OF WA.SR-INGTO!f OF EELlIBIVE JW.ISDICTION OVER TJ:IB UWDS ElllJlRACBD l'i!TH!N THE MCUN'l' AAINIER l!.'i.TIONAL PARK, Al!D FQR OT~ PURPOSES, APPROVED JUb"E _;o, 1916, ( 30 STAT. 2Ji3) • ----- "'

All ACT TO REVISE THE BOUNIJARY OF TS JlOIDl'I' RAINIER NATIONAL PARK I~! T~ STArt OF 'l'.ASHINGTON, A.ND FOR OTHER PURPOS3S, APPROllED !.!B.Y 28 1 1926, (4/.+ STA'?. 66S), -- 34.9

AN ACT TO EXTEND THE sou:ra AllD E.>..ST BOUN!ll.RIES OP THE MOUNT RA!NIER NATIOllAL PARK, Ill: THE STATE OF WASHill!GTON, AND FOR O'r!IER Plli1.P05ES, APPROVED JANUARY 311 1931, (46 ST.~T. 1047), ----- J51

BillLI OGRAPI!'[, -·- Jj)

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;:cunt F.air.ier ~>tio»&l Par~

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P!lrk e sectio~ of the park, At -:;hO.s tirr.e

the :

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of the •rhite \1'.an, i:ctlicates th.o.t the rod"-"" ·1:ns only a oeaocno.l visitor or

follol'lin; ·:;crdo ( 122):

"'l'hese included such tribes as the llisqually and ~he Fuyallup, ":ith ·.-1'1.of.1

the first settlers on the Sound ca- into inti,.,.ate conta~t, and the Cowlitz

i'rcor, tne Columbia River basin to the sautr .• Thede 'Dig5er' Indians n:or"11l.lly

kept close to tidevreter where liviJ'.lg """ >tithcut •;nduo efl"crt. Their huts*

~?hese J:ldians a'tsc built cedar plo.'11' C.cuses o.ften 100 feet lar.;; tc o.cco=.odate as me.ny aster. ;,'an,ili~s. }ri:c.i~i-oe s',ons, bone, ar:2 .,,..,,oden too;3 .,,,,,.,, used.

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• re-. Occasi~ne.l:.y, they

berries and to

obsidian l'thich i• ~rei;;?' to t~is a,.ea (121),

lil:e tl:e l.\o=tein ;>rope,. i2 s'oill tl:.e i".o.7.e or ""'untain [!;O:>t ·ilhic:1 che r.atives

to the ?O.rk (122), Sen Lcn~ire, a gr.lnOson of J.._..es l-0ctg11ire, c'irst a~ttler

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th" Yal:i"1"- tr~~" w~o caT.'.~ anno.:aliy to 'lave sports, etc .

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in t!le oum:oar.

"bode of the ~ods."

dotm the brush and '""-1e it :ro"'e accesoible. !lee:- cc'J.ld Joe mor~ ~rrsO.l}' se~n

The :.Count Rainier li

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or the

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~he horses.

".'hei~ :1orcaciic

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brothers Skloc "-'l.t fo;ce, 1·1ith a

In apes.kin~ of

K11m-ai-y•.-kan_. he Te..-..e.rked tr.at he ha~ a big head, and thoul);ht "'uch; a

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1554.

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I !itrocities ware c0l'J11i-:;toar'.:, r··,c:tclo!_>•d'_a of I~.:"or.ra~ion gC,·es tie

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•• I ;rr~t1' o:' the peak ••••• alChou;h they d'c! nee cl" cci.:rse, und.ersc&.>:2 't•

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-" ls'l'·O.< SW~00."'119+ ""l a..oo -'"'·'""- ""''·""""""-" pao··11~0.o !~"!-~"IP 'll~ a1 "'"·' ""b">~.

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Ac .• .;aucvi 8.;o~ '-'~>·''- '">'! ,-1.'lci,-,3 o: ''''l :itoT2~aq +Oa~. pu-,, a;:oqos '!+>'·' s11:.1a+ a+=>~U' !.~UL. uo ~"'' U1'•-:pu: ; 10 "'"::. - '"""3 a~:, "'" """'""'" ""~ l)uou.1ia5• ! llliO:J. tta" ?"" snOlll".J +s001 "'IJ,,. ·,s-;u.s·;.:."'C, JO pua!ila1 ~c;:; pu'!l ,cnbll'!'.'I., a~+ puu .1as-;u: a~q. !ilu.lp.1a:i

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third lik~ the head of h:.s

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after e.no'oher until the:;· were all ;;onn, and :'ell upon the ,;ro\!to

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which she had acCUI!!\ll"-ted much. The old Ind~"" noel pe,.c~i7ed all the m'..stakeo

of his former avaricioua life and settled do;.'ll in his eo.'ft. house on -;;he bank~

of the Cowlitz in pe.•oe r.n,er to d~ir.k, ',\'hen ,

\·1hite an~ !-.ad no thorns. Part of the tioce llebi.h"i &;ral~ hi,,;h on the mou,,tai"

\latching his wild goats or eoamunini; 1':.th Skamson, Toocl!.h, ar:d Colasnaos,

and p"rt of tl-.e time he would descend to d''"ll '111.th Lawis~1is in i1er fairy

"Ncm there was

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creature, clothed in strips of cougar 1tkins f'astet:ed ·,oc,etner ''1tt, ti:e skins

of slau;htered fairies. 3he Md anai:a:; arcund h"r neck "-!Iii c1aist, and'''"""

danger '° their mistress. \'ihat could ~r:e:r do? '.?eka?:\:ii ·111'$ ?nr "-"'"-Y 00 .,. '··-

moontainside '"' could not CO!ll'i' '° ?Crso;:i; 'out "' maf!;icih petiticr. they let

Li.wiswis was sevet\, and t'oe disco'1'.fittool n to the lei;:ends o:' the l.'cuntain thllt !lave

Indian origin (108):

"l.'.ount Reinier "'"-" nvt al,oays iu the plo.ce nm1· occupied. Lor:g, long

"ii." t'1at great mountain ,.,,..s on thio wester" sho~-e of: !;cod Canal, not far fro" Qui:cene, and stand~"~ b~· the side of C'.ount Consos.nce. Tr:~ t-:ro mountains,

sido by side, \7ere the •1ives of one mar:, Jealousy came into thnt hotoe,

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T~.at is the rea"on tha:o ever• >nee tha"t ti01e -O!ie oalir.an run ·~p t!:ie Skokc1r.iah

~int 'ire

that oi' "'Squilcl".ow a.nd Enu.,.,,ol~~/'

I River Ranger Station "bo>.:t 1930 YlashOngton {liO), I-': i• here "'pented:

I and inc,..eased tb.a •~>er'..ty of' thei• bo-,Car

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·n I ' (SJ. o~W. ,,,,o_)

SJ•CltoJ S1l 'li;!.\OC1l!_'. 'f>nli s;u. JO '!-lil\000'tn~- :;:.:,.ua+na1'i +•.I>,'1

•• I .,·Aac.i,.,o_C "'"1- ""'"""""~"" 0'1- o.>::1 ... ~.In ""''1- ,,o, .. s ~U'.'Oll]:J ,J'O il0f1-1l'.t-O"cix" "'11- I

;;.lc,s;:a.o c,·oa.I'.i: ' Uf s1 1-I .,,,~ o+ s-;: ""· "'""'.il: 1{1- ~">">'"-.Id '"" Si:11-;:as """'l [oo+ ;: i:;c;;:""""" .::cJ '"'-"1'""""" ::i:o2q I ~"" ~~- ., ~•- ""'••• >• 0- - .. ,._, .. ___ ,.,_·,,.,,,,_,,,, '' •-o""o o., , .. , ,.,u .,~.,-, + "~· '" t•~·•~:; ~~~ ·'~~l.-"-'~ I

~i:Os ~~"-'!'.:) s,,.,,.o:t-.L'ru: ~'""~ I -· 1E;;rc.c:;.:; ~&~~TC: ~ oo_ "~"~~~~~~ ~;a

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of the In:>~a"-'s should.,r.

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Occober l ~, l37J,

. . . . . . . . . of the 10\ver snc·r. fields, "-"

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from •1hat is nne

day and t.;o nigfrts, The menioers of the company bein~ from a coo; countr:< and

o·;ith no equipme!lt !'or mountaill c~::i.mbirg a>:td not tein~ in i'avor of any c,,~.sider-

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hu"tin;; e;

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1/alla;.' to

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1891 an" by ;-:orl:;_ng on ·Ona trail to ?ar~dise Valley c~mpleteJ in :895,

25,

-•·•!'. Longmire

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Xndian .Jescriptions. !ct

liisquS, 1.;,,,.cy (106 P"!i" 515) this. fulls at O"-" time h:;;,d another '"'me. I o_uot .. :

"At one time the falls \",ad -ohe na;ne li'.a~i~, but it'"'" oilanged At tte sug~estion

to "- ri·,er in !lort'1 Caroline, ar.d also oo the~r laro;est ~·ort or head tcv.-:->..'

Secrete.:-y Daniels obtained froiJ\ the Bursau of American £cohnol06Y inf'>::-;ration

or •talC timbers•.·'

;·1hich Sn=el J'. :il.m:ions, of the seocnd ?"-:-ty to cli111b tr.e l.:ou\1tain in Jctober

of 1870, has the follcoring to say (86 ;age 58) in ,...,-itin:; of the :'.nd~ans which

he found on t!-e np

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to by thB Ir.dia01s ( 150},

area by tl:.e .,-,_;:;_""',. &r:d Klioki=ts er possi-oly fo~ the "Cayi.:se r,,aia,,_ Tribe"

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1247 (111; •

er "Ta-ho-ll'.a' 'lrhic!l to the ;nar::r ~O"J.di"·' t:-:.bes meant

"The 1'a'-!ntain" (105 page 95).

'10\V has not been adVP.ncac' for collsider~tioll is tr.at o:" SaIL'-1~1 Z:ronons ·.v~c; ·1Jito

'llilson ~n

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• otlique:y t~.e fo.ce oC ' C:-:>Ck'j •1aCl, '"~" -,;i'.ic!i -:b.~:,- ),G:7e ''"''" ,, ce'F :>:>~-

r.o i e "" """ t-in ;'cot ,

' ' l'1et~,., :-~Occ1 ' Up".i"-,.'\S or.~o o'1e "; -- " ,, a,.,~:_o, ,,

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~.i•cove.-y and namins alon~ tl'.e 1'->cii'ic C:oast ;.,.-,.;~able

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1775 B,-uno 'l:eceta '"'cl Bodega y q,,a,,_d,.s. iu Sp""''h ships -n.sit~d tl-.e coa>-1;; of

26~31 \.

=t,,riels !.'er a settle'1

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P"i;• 2, l'.l7 page 26)o

C"ptain RoOert -}ray, of: 3oston, •ai le

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I th"" cla:r h" recorcl.~c' in t}.e log; cf his ... , ... , ......... ,,,o ~~-~ -,·)· ~ ,~,,o " • i

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' {t733 - 1348),

sl".ortl:r after tl-.e fa.ilur• of Vanooucer and Qu...Cra -'oo "t;ree en a solu·::ion of

by a diplo0'.3.·>,ic solution >f -:Ohe ·orub~" in 1795 (49 pa~e l-!), TJ-.e S~!lni~h

?\'get Sound befo~e the 'vhite me'l eeteblishecl the first l'.)erman"r,t eet;le:nent

upon its shreo (48 p'1.ge SS). 1"'he ee~liest overland e=lorntions cf: the

:a.ny, on his second e~.pedition of e")lloration ln 179

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I I t the Coiu;,bia, \•1hic!:t '"'"' :een diaco'1e,.el :;ome thiri::eer. ;·ears oef.ore b;- Caotain

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the eity o!: Portland, 0'.!'agon (119 ;>e r.o~th-

• i ,.,ester".l shores of the continent (-~S ?ar,e 60). ' I 1,• by which !:o:- e pe»ioC cf tan I

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solutiort or the boundary ~ussticn ca:nd abcut in 1816 (40 ;;a,:e 15) •

-rrader E-eron, Llr, T·il:nie r"1t.ained nt Oiisqually Bouse ur.til Gctobei- or i.;hat

Rain1er, so )~J.squall:' n~ver b~ca;re importar.t as a fur-t,.~din;; oen;;e~. Since

'""" organized as " s1\bsiCiary coir.pany, and ?ort l1isquallo· beca-..e imp,>rtant

for its agriculioural en10orprise, This ...-,,nture contin,,ed until 18r,9, lon!';

Dr. Tol"'ie, who ret,;:.rned -:Oo Fort 'iisqt>ally in 1343 and ,..,,.,..._~ne

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!t >7:>.a 01> one of ;;hese "bo~aniti!lz er,i~diticna" ' as he -

white"'"" to enter the,.,..,,,_ which is '10-11 i'::iclud"d in t'1e ?ark (48 ;:iage 11),

Indians as corr.panions and cross~•: ohe l!isqually pl:>.ins to t:-.e Fuyal:up ?.ive::".

onc-,,-r .oe:.:; '°'-'"' OJ~Ol)" ,•.n~er , • I ·~ .

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i:r, the literature to the c;lac~ero of' C\ount Rainier.

9y 1335 interest in the !ands north or the Co~u:r.bie Ri.-er was grovting,

"""" of vhe Il"11 posta being buil-O by the ccmpany and naws of the AJT,erican

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•.;;ricultur-3< 1iithin a short ti-;.e ;:his s

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E. AlOE1r.-.CP.'.l ?E~IQJ Oll P:JGST sac;m {lY.) - :E67),

I ln opi oe of the "treaty of ;joint o~o"Pancy" bet-,·;eer: ~~le.nd "nd America, t

the autivities of the f.i..Json Bay Comp•ny in the Pacific ll"orth•:est serve

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Clisqually House, .l!'Oer his ,.eti.:1u !"·c111 a trip to i'1e Col=bia :

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a road across the n:cunta!.ns north of tcu'1t 9.aiaier to mo.k~ ~ .;ho,·t rou-::e for

tedious journey fr~< the Columhi'-, up the Cowlitz and overl"nd to t!oe ne"N

l"-nds at tide1vater, ll. T. Si;;Il!IO:I.$ headed the first ~om?any o_: rcaC:bui:dera

which failed (119 page 10),

?..ss ('19 p.~ge 12),

;.-agou roo.d west of the C,.scades, a pa:ty of well over o::ie hundrec' ""ttlers w:'.th

thirty-five vrag;ons, hearini;- that a road across the nountains T.o Fu.get Sound

was beio:i: built, pa~sed by the U=tilla Tr-ail to O,-e;,;on and the •ite ol' th.,

1'/hitnllln Mission ~1here th•t family had been murdered ':iy the 'ndia"s in 11347,

crossed the ColUIIJbia, anC prooee1ed b""'rd the Yakimll comrt~y. Frori the

Yakima River on1·l1'.rd, theJ' were c~c.'\:osed until two 01'their pa;-ty f'cund the new

blazes mark;_11g the ~out" tc

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Greem;ater ,,;,.era they 'llet a packer ;•1ho took ·,;or:;! of' ~heir cc"'i"~ to ~lppia,

(00 ""'!" 217), . .

llaches Pass in 1B5S "/e.S one, James Lo::g:nire, his -.ri!'e an:;! sonc i'rrn Founta.in

Country, Indiana who took up l"nd and se"ttled a-< Yell:\ ?reirie :vOthi" si~ht oi'

':ount Rainier. In later years he c1~s tc p!3Y an i=~roar.t part i'1 its

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B~llin;h"m, fo:JJ" so-_O.iers r:-cm Fo=t S-'::~ilacocrn as vclunt~ers, :ra;01';e':;y and

Ohop Creek and the l-1".olwll Ri-ver. ;.;,,, .. the lool'ses were turned over to two

of the soldiers '"ID were to re""'in on -'::he ;>rairia ul:itil t:~e _grou? of cli,,,hers

returned. The way rtroimd the i'e.lls cf the Nisqualiy River '1/SS r~g~ed nnd

before the first da;r's tri'? out from the p!'ail'ie """ over, Dr. Craii; \•10.s

having; trouble. To kea~ u~ v1ith the group it was ?recessat")' f:or t".e doctor

tloe t'isha~rl, for ;.7aoc>11e'oy to kill a ~""" ':;ith tis r~fle. Farts of ~he ani?".al

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out, if-;;e,· cmnpin~ by ti_,, foo~ of' a lsri;e g"lecier ('iisqually) whioh ~·as

sketched by Y.autz, t1e party bege,n the olimb up and over the ioe, and by

late afternoon they ;roceeded to a oa:r.p ebove t};e gl,.oial 'tlorain= at tree-

•

o'olook, Dogue ;;:a·:e lp

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it V/8.S the•" that 1/i:i.Oso~ gave h~"' hi• ''Bost~n ne.1r.e",

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I .l.s the Civil ?lo.r came to an end at1d tr.., volunteers from -.-:e ohing-tor.

climb tc t:ie s=imit of !louut Rainier. Je!leral hazard s~even•, Sol! of t'1.e fir•t

governor -• :'ired with an enbition to scale the

fi,,di";; a lone Indian and :'>is fa...,..ily. The !n~ian's na= was Slll:iskin, ""d

he agreed to shew the MJ.:f as far- o.s the aun;::er snow li!!e, (119 fage 18),

For thr~e days the In

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o'clock the lc•ug clittb '""s begun. they follc1ved up the ridge, a backbone

aOove camp passed around Gibraltar Roe'.

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Yan Trlll'JP and Stevena have been ,;enerously bestowed on l:illny pilysical features

of tt.e ?ark in memory of the daring but success;:'ul venture tho.t these meo,

unt,-air.ed in climbing 1.ech."liques a"-d unexperienced i11 c:imb'.og, accomplist-ed.

r.,, later years '!an Tru:;!p r..ade 1119.ny climbs t the o;unmit of the m=ntain:

and in the :rea~ of 1905 General Ste"""" returned and made a s~cond ~limb

to ti1e sum111it along :vith the mem()ers oft he Sie::-ra c:,,o of ca:.ifornia -:>o

cf Van '."rl:D\)> and Stevens, t-;70 men, Sw:tue.l ~- Eir.rncng ~r.d A. tl. flilson of the

D"nite1 States IJ.eolo;ic"l :lxplora::;io" of the Fortieth Parallel, ·.vere the 1'irst

scienti3t:; ''orking ''""'' ,. the go,,.er:ner.t to explore the nounta'.r:, to cross

its glaciers, an:! to scale the s=it. 'l'his was accot.iplished as late""

October of: CS70 (119 page 20),

Si;ni,f';_cant po~tio,..s of ~n..t repor-:: f'

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I of llo=t :food.

'.~ t;,ird day su!'ficed to ge; -.::og;-tl:er the neoesser;· ;>ro,,-Caio"s and :•e

-....

us. -:; really beli€ve th•:'o ;t '''" only a !'eel in;; of de -.::i· fer the ac·,a::ce-

'11ent of sci~nce, and a !''rsonel ,-€gar51,

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deter.nination of the route to o~ f0Clo~1ed '1ereafter.

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oto.r :oules.

500 feet high, the e:id cf the O!i,;~u.;curo~or.s.

east of "'olle head of th~ Co·.1·litz l'.i\•cr,

52.

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the east of the ir"'ir. peak, reaching a ~i;;h enouY, point to ob:ain a coo-.preh-

si•e 7iew of its struotuTe on thio side.

.. ' • i"or he soo:i tir"'d of clin.bCng oritil us •• , .• , ar.uounCed hio inte,,,Oio'! cf r~-·.ur!ling

no soone,. heard ot· thi• t"'1n he decided that lie Jl'.uot go tco.

"It 1111s not a very fleasant outlook, for even with Ollt" s~ant a).lo.,,,.noe

of a cup of .flour and two spoonL'uls of ootfee per day to each""""· our

provision~ could only la€t nine day; l.onger, and yO't it would not do to go

baok witho"t havi,,.; asceod"d "Ohe mo·mtain, even if co be.rometers arrived

••ith 7Jhioh to l"Jea.sur~ its hei~ht.

".At 4 a .m.,

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!'oot ot tnis passa, and a ver)' hui:gry one tl-.at

was.

"'.i':ro days more of travel "'"'-"'iht i..;s to t!:te tor.-n o!' Delle", en -:;he

Columbia, where '"' '·"'"'" recei'ted ,,;_-oh rejoicing :iy our comp~o.~ons, ~1/-.0 had

54.

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Yli1keso'1 in 1883, B"iley Willis, Assiot!tnt Geolog;ist of the ~lor,,;'1ern

'i'ransco'1i:i'1ents.l Sur•1ey, attached to t:-:e co:npany, e>0plored t!-i re;,ion of the

Y/hite, Carbon, l!o1vicl1, and ?uyallup ri·1ers lllll.!';>ing -';he coal 1e~ooita :'or

t'ut,.,,,-e ~e.,,.elo!""e:it. l;:i :as;, under >h> direction o_f \'l'i!lis, a tr"i~ ""·"

only

tourist rcute to ..,;,., !.'.oun~ain.

of tl1e ]ortherr_ Paci.:ic li.'iilroa.d, w~.o 7:-aised the beauty of i;h" nren, its

fine glaciers, and scientific treasures, and hoped that Co,,gress ·:1ould set

it aside as a w.tiono.l perk. It "'"C f?r thio P"rty of visitors that \Villis

dre>; th• first map of the glaciers of :.:ount Rainier, which •ins later printed

in th!' Be:rghaus Phys',cal .\tlao N

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with a recon;IB·.sa~ce of tne othe~s "" t!le west side of the ::iotcntai~, be!t ic

11as net ur.t'..l ·._5S5 t'.'.iat '1e, ir. char~e of a party of ti;., J, S, ~olo[ical

Survey, ~omple·.;ed a ~ull reconna-:£euce of ~he entire tr.oc:,,tain (120),

•nee.k o': ":,o~~r "-"°' s;iirit tr.i-;ht cor.1e to ~~peOr their ills, Longv.ire ret·;rned ir:.

on the no1·th s'.'1e of the l!isq\lal~y. •-" least one tempoi·ary .~.ructurg ·:1ao

also cotr.:,>~e~ed at the spriog;s.

!},;r~i:~ th~ """""',.of 1885 a so:::, Elcain Lon~ire, his ~1ife, ~'ai-tha,

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and -::heir fam:ly c! fiv~ ;~;-ls

J.'.artM, 1".li'e of Elc~in, on her fi.rat ;ri:;> to the glacial 'l"t>.ll~y be1o,.,

Sluiskin 1'&.lls, g;eve i'C the ?;-eaent narc_e bJ· her excl"ir.a-';ion o.'.', "C'h, it loo>:s

just like Faradiee" (59 ?"1:" 23).

s'-o"' ur.til

was being put out i:c th~ """·!' a-'; ~~e lc .. ·er end of tf:e "1eadc··1 ·oy ;',., .'lt:Cson, a s".ull ?iotol ,,,.,;_ct he ca,-ried in i:is veso poc>tet, fell ir.Oo the .,,.,bers and

ex~loded, a bell st~iking hi-.. in t

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the body waz not cla;~meC. by the relat:.·.-es of' the deceased, it . ..,,.. ~:-ren a

decent burial abo'1e the trail. Some ya"-rS later konard Lon~ire rue·: ~he

!fudscn b~y in the "lond:!:~e, bc:t C.e ,.,,.. ,;:ot '.nterasted in recov,r'.n'1; 01is

parties push~d en co Paradise 'l"-lley ""''° some oo the s h~d :ocated s

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horses. In e. few minutes -one fire :roari"-; up t:ie itountain ~r~ated tC.e 'ourn

. ~ l . e.:_: a ~o.;.

( 9 s ) '

itself and an ear::.y noo" 10'.aal at the ~ctel 1vill be ~" o!"der. :~n boards

-----

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-vs

o:iOu-,.;ds o,a.r1'1ic1 o+ tr.crOO"J; ;r,o.:::; un.r ~Alll{ •ol:1'o,s 1"'!~ •-'"" ;;~nlo: ·.r:i

'6£ 5:isC 11) 'S"\01':"111I 'oZ1l01'lO :;o .ruu-;..rt;;i:..rdo

r~"'"""" uo JC •>•£1w.io [llOfi:le'.f_o o·;.~ su:.1~oq, a"(o.n+ ~ f"" ',.os - 0og •:.:c..r:;

2u-;A.r.,,,, ·"'' -W" so ;n::'Bt .:c 30.::00 oz p'>~u~~"cl """"''°''"1 "'"-'-"t ..

:s>r::1.;cis s,a.tpi:~""! +noqll """ 01 :Zt>"-"ll"J au+ P"'< s&.weso.r :+•"·'CJ aq+ uo

+.roda.r •>'-! :i; •0os1-60,l •,\a1_.,ns l""';o·io"D ·s ·n ~q+ JO .r'>:rn u; ;;~~c;no~n':'l a..1a '"·''"iu~r; •;.r>·~ ~"" ·.r,·; 'esB+soti '"'" +•c;,;; •' ~i:;aq u~ ULI""'~o -; s~•,asso~ '.\'. ,~. •,< e>;"' o~ "£'""'""" s·,

ai.; t;~:.-,.r.Js o~:· '>" aoc;J ·/~t'"I, :;et;:_ooons "' ta•nov, uo.rEJ ~:;i- ,:c tur- .--· """"~ (,J I.I

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90 acres ot good ha)- la:.>d which bad been drained :r the claim.~nt (P.E.~ry Carter).

Ol' the people ~·ho visited t:ie l.!o,1i:te.in and the events th!lt too>: pl11ce

but fa~led to menticn th.e ;>art h~ playeeroua6i"1g :t.r. °"''~' ti-.ld be con $l~cier ~r.d Spr.ay ?ar\:; b:r the ~iorthe'" Pacific

Ra~l!"oed (148).

'."hec~ore iarrifh '' h-C~ ''Lire in -':he Norld'c l\onderLand", 1867, p«~es

by ·,.,;_y of t:1e "iintohrop a"-d &e:ionJ Glaciers, "'.ade by .:\everend .J. fl. :'crbe•,

as,. youtil in ·_ae5 er 1366 clirr.!:>•d to the swnci.i-:o of ;.\cunt Rainier ,-;,. tc.e

'ifuitman a:id In:;rahair Glaciers in co:npany ;\'ith seven or eigh> '.'.aki.'1'.a ""diana

i'rom the reser7at~or-. To them "';'le tri? >1a;n't spectacular, bat o?ll)' incidental

1:S.jor 3. S. ingrah"-"'- it> 1893 rel~.tes ho1·r he and severa"_ ~:ni:iti~tlS

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otb.e,. cliff~culties (~9).

1'.11ve been "'A?Pi~ the so-~therr. :;lopes of :.:our.t Rainier (119 pa~e 20).

~eak ~Y way of the soutl: side. Eefcre leo.ving Seatt~e 'le ~;as ~oined b)'

A. C. l~arner ecoompenie"ap'.'l of tl".e summit

(49 os.ge 43). ~t '""" on this trip that lng,-aham named t'1eir C"-!lping place

'

i below Gibraltar P.ook Ca:1p O":u~r. in ho.:1~r of the !:'ll.n-.ous ne.tu~c,C.is"'; •rl>O

accompanied tl:eri to

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helped in tl'.e l!'.ov-e'l'.e·.1t tu establish t'-_g area as a no.tioi:al park.

'.l'he 3, C. 3mit~ par-:::r ot' 18fJ •,1as co'"l'csed of irr, ~\. G • .'.1ts~on, s .. nttl

phcto~ranhec ;·.'r.J car··ie:C a heavy c:lr.e~~; !.~. R. ;!. ?ar1~h; Rever~n

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by 1''.r. Smi.th for ~is lecture bef,,ra O~ • ., Appo.l&chian Clllb

iater. In '1!s lette~ of Dccembe_• l' ..• 19Cl {1S7), OL-. Smi.th e::?lains tho.-.: at

the t::::e in the l;itt s: 3 ·,rC.en t.1e ?"' k bill '"'" be!'ore Gon;!'eoa, '"'• on the stren,;th of the !!:Ulden slides and his f~nne!' lecture, ""'" invited to give ""

illustrated lect>:re he!'ore ti,e l>lti,nal Geo,,;raphie Snciety in ;'iashir;~ton

'iOx

plen~if~l 'l"ith klcotch!:".,; lrrOelliger.cer of Januo.r,· 6, 1895,

The E. C, 8"'ith p~rt·r seY1 nothinG o." :.-:o on th,.ir cli'l'h •

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II Elcain, his s1s~e,, lue, then i3 or 14 ;'ears old, lLiss 2dith Co,.Ole';c; "'Iha ~.a6

II becotce ill on tl1e cllmb oi' the p>·ev~ous yea,-, Dr. S-';;a:'':'o,.d, ,-,,,_,._, ?ol;on,

II II the top for not:Oin~ oha" !'er the fee,

II ,. ~ '·"""".._ o.••." ,,~ +·o•. ~~''-·•.·'"-S '1eoessar:· to s;:iend ti-re~ uO.,;hts on t!>e slopes of tC.e !':cunts.in :n

'I I Yel"' ~:here he ·o-oarle~ a train to Po,.tla;:_d for :r.edioal e.Otenc'.o'! (l12), Late

in September,;,,., :Oa:iley a!-rived in iii• 1:o::ie citY of Jal-cla:>.d, ~al'..fol"nia and

•• I \\·as acclaiO".e~ an injc.red ~ero by the 1-ocal ne7rspaper,

In 1893 le.nci tre'1S.gecr.ent s"';etuo c

II

l'e II II II and Y.it";itas Coui:ti~s, a total ofa??""'"i'"stely 967,S8C· ac,..,s of lane. T'his

II II II II '.:'~e ftUr Gf 18\:l '''-> "-" eve·:tfc>l one for c~'.mbers on t~e C'.ou,-,tain ;•1ith

•• conquered t:ie pe"l< (99). On .july 13th, a party of 14, g'-'id•e Coast and Geodetic

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R, l!. J~yd, Jr. L. L'.. Leoze:r. an1 ·.lil'...cero '' s:-:e.~fisl~, u s-On;'' pr.ctog,.ao>her.

IC;e ?~•ty le2t Sa.,:;tlc r. :e~emOer

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"• .·-~ II II II II the t'.ounta~.: b:,- ""Yo!' the Blaine JJ.acior (:;:r.1':ons) an

be greeted •·it!: on:ch pu":llicity (12~).

II II II 119 II II II printed in Gen.an~- i:1 1687, The second "'ap o!' the are"- by F. G, ?l=mer, 1· al-tho\l~h cir&-;m in 18!13, was not pul>lishcd 11Dtil 18S7 ai'ter a ne•ier aad

more !IUthentic dcuur:v1nt by rr. ~'.. Sar.,.en·, and Ci. F. i>;ars of' Tacom.;. '.'l.d been

I publish~

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Otis Smii;h ~nd IsrSll_ C. ~ussell, ~sois-:a:r\:s, and F. !l. hins

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descende

the 01ou'1tain !'ro"' si~e to side (?9 pa;;e 49).U9on arrivini; a.t Pa.:-adi~" ?ark,

,_106 !'"-';'> 010). ,. -_,. .

of ';J-.e rececsic'l o.' ~he ll•squelly 3"ac0'!l" '"'" .tir~t un:!e,.taken by i;:ie

';he first park ua-,,,1ralist, anC Profeseo:• l!enry C. Landes of tr:e Ur.i·te:-sO.ty of

l'iashin~ton (?9 ?"b" .)9). The scie'1tific achi,,..1~men-!: ot the party l'>d by

geolo~ical kno,•.led;;e of C!ou.nt Ra'.n'.cr tn thi• day (?C pag~ 56).

hundred menbero and _•,.;_ands :r.ede c'1

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Paroadise Pa,.k -.ms reache'-;; st~n::.

obser'7

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o"ved the lifo >i' iio(!;'>rs (S7).

n.

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Durir..g the suim.er cf ises, after the com;>letion of the Northern Pacific

llnilroad to M"ilkeson, a ~:roup of ?rominent msn ~rot:1 Eu~ope '"''"' invitee! to

go to 11ount Rainier and see its wondcr3 (;:obably i" the hep~ tha-t tru.y ·.;-ould

~ .. en generally essui:ted tiiat tr.ere •,,-ere no ~laeiers in the Dt::ited Stateo, and

explorera o!' tr.e 1110unt...'..n in 1870 ;,,.d net penetrated the scient>fic circles in

Europe (14'6). As a. result, l'iillis """" asked to prspar" e. ""'P !'or Dr. ~ergh9.us

of' GermELnJ·, l7hich 1111s eng:ra;ed a?ld pr!nted in tbe B

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re .. tures of: ;hose in the .\lrs, and -;hau;h '-""" e"tensiv-e th.an the ice strea);IJ3

of t'1e L'ount Bla.nc er Jlontil. R:>ea gr~u;~. ""'" On tl:e:.r c::-eV"-sses an.cl se;ra~s

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;;::-o.ndest shol1 places, as -1,ell as a ~a:::~t&rium,"

ment or t:ount Rainier ).~-oiono.l Pe.r-!r ie ;'ound in n co''''r~:;iioa-::Oon rece~..,.ed an

January 21, 1888 C)' the City of taco!"!l r•qllestin; it to memcralii:e the

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''At '· ,,.,eetin~ ot the "'r.erican Asoocia~ion for t!l.e Ad\'"anoencnt o~ S~ie!lce,

Dr. C. !:. :cerrian.

SciC:core.

75 --------------

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).Ir. R. '' Jo'..:iao,-,, l(,-,

by tha .l.pp:i."!achiact /LounCain Cl1·b in 1394, b;r hi• Cl\'l'l a~·.nissior iei 1043,

the lava flo\''" in Octt ~ta...'1.

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"The oP.e con'o,.ibution I feel I "lade i=>. con,·.~ction '':it:; ~""-'·-nr; t'1e

Con~""""""'" F;-""'~ Cushlcsn end others to w:.-k i'or the establis'::nent of'

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he edited.~

Joie. P, r..,.rt=n oi .leattle, promine:>.t fi;;ure in 'la>hingtvr Po1~-,ios,

conse::-ve.1ill Jcil'. it.' ! se.i:l to ::::,.. Ca=on, 'I ~ro:tise ~-~u, Si~, t~at

if tne Bill is passed C will :io~ be ilere ask:ng :'or "on•:r i'rorn t!>e .

1, .. I I I I &l"ee.t a r;ouctry."

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Javi'.! z. re./, !'.r, S. F. Znrnons, a~d :.,.-, B:o:O'_-_.,, ;,;-_,_._.___ T~ ~ .._. ' ' 0 "" ,.,~"'"''---·"'' .,,_,,

")Or. P,-eslds:it, I prese"-t e. cerJ' itt.)crt.~o-t :nerr.c,.-ial, A lcn; "~,-i~s of

roont'1s has Oeer: occup~oci in -'ol-.e c0n>iderati~r" of' "t1'_., subject of -:;c.~ rr;srio:·i~l.

It ii si~':l~d bl· soo.~ o? 7,he 1".ost im90,.t~'1.t. in i'1•ct the most in , .. ,rtar-0.

sci e~tif~c societies i'1 ~he D1'i ·::~d O:ta tes -- the '.la ti c!llil · Seo;>; ;~-,;,;_o Sc i ety ~

t~~ A,.,erjcan Assoc~~'Clence; ~::e ·.-eo~co;'-C"-'

Cluil."

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•. • ::e

''id•i.y read piece of literature on l:'o"L:nt Ra::_nl.er fer many year• ;60),

of

kncm:i. aa ?e.·oific forest :·ese,.ve, as a pub1::_c par;;, to b~ ~o•;r. "'' the

-:iashi'1gton ::Jationa.l Park." p.., voved tho.n t/oe floor

of t:~e Senate a petitior. 01' Pro;'eosor

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on Fublic L!iods ( .. , ' ' "

Sta.tes the be~.e!':':ts an'1d a forest r-ese:rve, ;·,-=this ta~t. Ctt? ce.n '1

that the ,,_,.,,_,,_ ~-bout !Jo'-!n~ Rainie,. h,., 0-t a:l t:L:n·'s bc~n

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lii~3, F,.~sident Earrisou und"r the Act 01' &a.re!'. 3, 1891, set a::ide f'r:>I:'. the

?ublic ln:i.ds several forest rese,-,es by prccl,,,,,,.tioP. One of ;t:eoe reaerves,

the Paci.:'ic Fore~t ?:eserv" ;_n the Stat" of ?1ashi'1.gton, ~o;:i:iletnly cnci!'Cled

City of Sea10tle, p~eyi!l;; th:l-;: the oark be

bill i3 her~ty prese!lted as i;aken frcir.

"" " "

.. ·~

set np { E4). ·'- CO?Y of' tfle ~rigiual

records of' the 1l:"littd State~

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r I ' 53cii CD~

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18, shi;> line between -\;o-.1nohips 3Venteei:. and

1,

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10. b1"ilding purposes, for terms not el

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r

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1 On -:an·;aio' 4, ' . • •

It was read, refer,.ed to t:-.e Coe ?'-O:Olic La:ids and ordered co

Cn J1,ly 10, 1894, '.-'.c. 3:;.\.:ire O:ot,.cdaced a"""' bill on the !'loor o.; the

on Public Lando, Thi' ":>il'- oonta::ied prc,-;.sion for -!:fie uae e.s a no:t:iona'!.

park of about 40 pe,. ce:::--o c~ the la:ocis fcrme,.ly reques'!Oed and specifier! ti>at

strip of virgin timbe:- '-" t:,e lc;·;er V!Llleys, Thg erlent of t!!c nortl'.er:t a~d

new bill by present~'-; c::: -t:·.e !'loo:- of the s~nate tl'.e ":Cemor!.a~ from t':e

ll7

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II 11 I I I

•• I I

Docurnent No, 247," Thia impressive scienti.f:ic 'lork Ol' five d•.atingui3hed

co..,,;.tteos 1'ro1r. tbe n:c,;t impcrtant ~,.ient~fic Societies of that day in the

!J"nited States, when published, brought to the people of' the whole Mtion, the

(60).

It was read a e>rea·; deal of delay !.n

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On Je.r.uar;r 15, l8S6, after he :~a1 -"een :iotified by corr,mittee tha-;;; the

Secretary o.f' Interior would r.ot approve of his bill (R. R. J27), ~.':,

Do10:-d ten a:i.d in~ert ·0'1e word

twenty-five.'

'Gn pa;e 3, after lin" 16, ill~ert tC.e i'ollowin;::

(And through tloe land~ ar the Pacific Forest Reserve e.djo~nin:; said

eO!npa:iy or companies throu,h the l&JOds of said ?~cific :e'orest Reserve, a:ld

also into said park hereby created, :'or tr.e purpose of' buildO::i~, constructin

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said p"rk).'

'In line 4, on ~ag• 4, atter tl:ie ,,0 rk created, insert t!>e i'ollo•ning:

(Aloo the lands in the Pacific !:orest Reserve}.'

'Add the following section:

' . op_n~on, the park and its maint~l)ll.nce to red;.;ce federal e:q;e,,diturP.s; in !'eply to

JVhich };'.,-, Doolittle assured the bod:r tloat his state did not '.'1tend to ask a

dollar trom the ~0Yerur.1ent in t!>o way Qf un a;>prcpriation for the new par!<

in the foliintend to esk i'or a nickel .h-om t),'.s gcver:-.r.:en~. We rropose to nake the

rr.ade to Con

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I (' ' "'""' ·• • • ~¥'-'U I -.vas brcu,;;ht bef'cr~

!l l

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i

'

en :laroh 16, 1897, !:r. Yiilson i::ctrccuc=d 0'1 the floor :>t ''°" Sen~te a bill (S. 349), "-duplicate of' ti'>e one wi'.ich ?lad beell pa.,sed luring the pre"Vioi..s

sessioa. It m1s rea1 c;;,~ce and referred to the Co=itt~e on .fublic Lallds

(79). This bill -vas not !'avore.bl;,- l'eported by cornmitt9e dllring the 1st Sessi"-

introcluced another bill (S. 2552) , a d,o,,lioate cf (S. 34$) •11".ich ··'"" read

-· . ~ -er. ~·ecer.oer '"°"·

placed on t~e s.,nnte Calendar as l!o. 1225. Thi~ bill passed ti"!e Se'1ate oo

June 8, l89e, a:,d ""'' se:i.t to the ffcuse of Representatives en J·me 9th, ~1here

it 1•es referred to t':e Col'Tmittee on the ?ublic Landa.

On Februo.,-;i 24. 1899, 55th ~ongreso, 3rd Session, tie bi;."_ (s. 2552)

of th,, \'rnole Ho""" on tile sta"'::e -of the i."'1.ion ~nd ord~red to be prin~eC. rll.e

92

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waa necessary ~ restrict the bounds.ries to those lands on the ?lest and east

sides o!' the proposed park tl-..o.t were ".Ct claO;oed by 'niners on ol-e '6.sholl

Can"on o: !ilinois, tr.e ~r.ief'

car.e to ~he l.:Ountair: (95 pago 3-6).

On i.:

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F:videntl7 the records of' the Gcner"l L~'ld Ofi'ice \\'"re in er,.-or tor as eo.rly

as 1388 James Lon17>Cre ~r Yelm, ii'a•hin~ton filed on S

Sprin(;~ under the F.omestead .~ct. but ?indini; that he could not hold th., land

The needed a:llenclnients recol!l"-ended by hia c::;"L'ice 11ere (56)'

the bill (;;, ll, 6268) ·1.e.s not r"oorteC f,.c:-. co""'1i-

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i

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ceCi:>g to the Dnited States e::

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E. FACTO_ts I:IF"~t~CI i:-S 2ES!)E;t'!' -~lTJ ~!

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J,;e.in on J=uary 30, 1B96, in :ois letter of' tran:nr.ittal to John F,

Lacey of th~ Eou•e Com::uittee on ?ublio Lands, the Secretary of Interio~

stated ;1Z6):

"It appears that tliis bill {E. R, 3Z7) is ici.entioal ·•i.tli. that of i:I. R, ~989

report to tC,e Decartroent undar dete oi' February :?, 189'., ;;hich was by rne

p.~ss, "

congressmen, along r.it'.o "'ohe adr'itinn cf th~ spec~i'icetion that the J."tinerel-

land laws of the United States shoulc! applJ' to both tl:e park e~d the forest

reserve, the Secre-.e.ry of Intorior ;ras notified On the follO'i.'ing; '1Klrds that

Senate Bill !:o, 2552 c~uld be clear~cl i'or ras~age 011 Jr,..rch 2, 1899 by the

Coro.Jnissioner of thq Ge::ieral l-~nd orrioe (58):

"I ils.v~ t~.e honor to report that the lar.ds proposed to be s2t aside by

the said bill at"e ""'"'"'-.:yed, lying partly withi'1 "''hat 1ms tc:.-~'erly h:tom1 as

the ?aci:':ic Forest ?.eser·,e, b,,t no·c1 eO'ltirely e"1braced ''1ititi:1 t!·.e ~i·esent

"Pro11 a !l.u!·r:.ed eo:amination of tl'.e bi:l ' see ;:io objeotior. to establiahin;;

t.ie n.e.tional park as p,.oposed."

Since the bill {S. 2552) had alreadJ• l:een pe.;;sed by both t-.ouses ol' Consress,

the abovR reco""'endatio"- must lll've reacheG ?resident ~oKinley ~ia the

Secrete.?':' cf Interioor, pi·ior ~o th~ sig:'lin;;: ol' the bill that sal:le da.y, 1'.&rch 2,

1899.

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I I l. S:.ipport fc·r t!!e ?!ovement.

50).

be trea"t·•

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of "'looda. Tfily '.'l>lrn thllt, "3ut lei: -;;he- !'orest l>e o'1oe destro:(ed by £~re or

be passed,

llation~l :;uF~ort for tC,e rneas>.:re is orident !.n su,,:~ ,,_..,_or~als tc Co:l;;r-ess

as that :;rreselltet on December 2~, 13?~ (SS), by -l,9 prcfeosors of t'oe Uni'l"ersi';;y

by that :!:e"torial p,.eaeuted "" Januar,:r 19, 1895 (as), by the president and

.faculty of i"ies:.eyan University ci' !:iddle'::on, Co=eoticut, pra)•:'.og the.t Congreas

Rainier,

Of':'ice, ca,, be sum_7,ed up in his s"':atenien·o cf 1893 {59):

"The necec.sity of having t'::!is =~que peal: ac1d its en·;iron:< preserved in

I

.. I ' I I I I I ' ' I Germ...ny being a10ong tio., pron1'iters of the JIIO'le,"

2, O>lpooition to the l'1cvement.

I The f'irst recorde:l. opt>osition to the esteblishcient ot a no.tional park 1,

I: 1,. Fo~

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~;o the public at lsrge in " judicious uae of tim':>er and the de·relopment of

mi11e,..al resouroee, at tlu """"' ti.'!le ol.taini;,g th.>:refro.-o o. revenue, "llbich,

in ti:ne should be aui'fioient to cno.intain a prnper Jystem of fo~est St:pervieion •

"J run, therefore, oft~ opi11i.;in tr.a:: the p,.eae:rt at:.tus oft he Pacific

Forest Res~::-ve should not be ch.o.ngcd •

s~ttle

this o.t:'ice oubmitted a reyort to the Department under date o.L" Feb,.uary 19,

1B94,

"I can see r_o :-eason £or changing the opinion as ""presse

report, that t'le present status ::if t!o.e I'acific Forast ':ieser-..e 7hould not be

changed."

.~ ir,ild fo= of opposition ca::te up"" the 1'1oo'.'" of the Eou;e of

Re9reseuto:tives or. J"ne 10, 18\15, '.:, reg~rd to !'. !l. 405B sponsored "oy 1'.r.

Doolittle of :\'ashinGton Stl:lte. Co

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"I thoroui;hly "Y"'?ath..ize in tnore than willing that he should h"ve double the

all'ount, but -- I object Oo the Seor?t

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unte.ken Federal la:ids "1tr.in the Etate ol' :TaJhington.

"Tl'.ia provioio:i 11ae probably eritioisable, but it'""" '1ell known tr.at the

Bill ooultl not be p..oou~ other,.i.se, f"r the illi'luence cf' tb.e :·1orthern Pacific

was sufficierrt; to prevent. Those in charge be1ie.,.ed that the 'onaicleration

paid for quitein~ this opposition''"" inco'laequential "'hen co'1sideri'1~ the

whole subject ma·vter "t stake and t~1.1 future of '!leasures of t:-U.t c!;.aracte:-,

and al~ of worth to ti'.

by the President, •• ••• 'Hccnt ~~Onier !iaticnal !'ark' ""'" ir:seo·ted, .••••

sections or' tll~ Etate, b:.:t 1T10st of: i- (~J,., ~•ris),

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11 oi' the Stat~ o!' f>'ashington no>• app,.eciate tl-.£it fact," I

I 'The Coimissioner ~i· the G.lneral I.and Ofi'i

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·~

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I ' I atrip tl-.ree mile:i wide b)' ei,;hteen o:iles lon;; should ;,e preserved for all

time to cone,

I ''Jd.

"11' these arnenmenta to the bound!l!'ies should be c!lrried :>ut, the northern

I 1115

9111

u .,..,,,. ""'"""" " 0'1-

euo1'l-"l"-' 0>1qnd ::a •ao1+a1a.:: 0;1qnd

w;OU>j 1:101'. n JO '1-.tOda.< 91'61 '1'1- "10-!J ua>\1''1- S]C 'l-UUl\.0:lici ;11n0;+11;r n "" Ja;:uJ'>l;t 'l-=:-; ;>l11>:'.f1t0.1I "'l-"P a~'l- 1I" !llOJ11+unoto. 11 ssoJo" papeaµo sau11 l">o;J1'+.i"t o+ •atQ."">+011.id

""'"'!"' 'pa.:.raJa.:d aq o+ u..:11.,,.r11 's;,Jn+"~ l11J~'l-= aJ11 +s111 Ofl4 "'!.! 'Ja.>.fli

:i+11=:i "'!'l- Aq Ll11PlmO(t UJao>uno'l tt.ia+~"" "'l'l- lsAa,o.Jns pu11t Sa'l-"'l-S pa+1aa J::q

pan"\uua+ap ht"['llJ"O>J>+Jll saU>l +t;:>i1'llJ~s '1]'.ll"..,~J Fl"o'' sa1J1'punoq_ u.:a+aat.:. p1111

0 ~

Q,·. ,

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,:?;)

I I Ill. Ill STORY OF YOUNT RAINIER AS A NATIOOAL PARK (1899-1951).

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'I 1, --,-----·--·-------· ~~ ----- - ------ --

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Grenvill0 F. P.ll~n

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I 1 lm.rtC.cn L. Eil.J .

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I~I,

Title

3:ipt,

Supt;.

107

··--

12/31/09

6/'50,11::;

- I:;• -'-c :;;,_/_)

9/151)1

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C, F«ank Broolc=

Merlin X- P

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'1ams

Carl TOe

]ia,·old "'" Harry !le l SO!l

Frank Greer

Prestoll e. ie~e;-~l"Cn

Joh,-, L Ric'.

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RobeI"t 11. Roi;ers

Julies -~• l!arlinek•

Aubrey L, !fainss

1903

110

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•

"

"

L./'.1.6/44

2/16;46

12/26/47

l0/30;ii9

6/30/50

6/12/50

l~/:?l;/50

':l '·

11 I


1911

1712

Ot"'!"ot.: ·:ca '>l ;::),1 ;-,_c; · · ··· · 3S •.t

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l'e 11

----------

I I

Gibrali;ar, arui the f.

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---- -~--

-~.

';0:.1 , ::>.~

'·., 1895

tl .. ·.-.

,,,

1895

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':ii I .. " 1910 ll:.' h.

·~ ~.'_

·--- -· --·

toll rood to tha hotel l>.lli'. hoepitality offered to -the l);\:.e3t a

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) ;

1,,,tomoilile troiftc

115


•• I r•

berries fr= w;>ieh the ,,.,_1:_ey recei vad i l:s Indian name).

?or that fiscal yeo;r the lloncralJle F~·anciG W, C~shnrin, R"p;-oaentati7e

1-?Q8

-"

llG

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1915

'

' 117

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---··-~~-·--

On true::- «•as b'3ing o;;erated to Glacier Basin ov;or -·,r.e S'i:"rbo Read •llhich

1918

,,-,ndc by the State and l'ier

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··------

1927- ·ohl'ee w.i~Js of the ~akin1s. .'ark Higl1~ay o.>:s going on successf\ll:l'• The ;~achea

1926 Pass Hi.ghm.y (old ll,0Clellec1 ?ass RQELd) """ bei,,.; worked on "ty 'o"ne State for

te-a,1sostate tra.-el, Til.o E, "· R, ""'s building an""" higlr,ray t~ the southeaster>::

!.'

~(11 :t:

,;; 190\.' • .· .. ,

reached Ci"..annpecosh Cam;go-< und,

by nrorco "-OOOulto" during ',he aea~on of 1938.

$1,L.oo,ooc,

.,,

.,,--

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11 I

•• I I 120

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Pl!.~•. ca"'" a "1!l.ll an

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uf ~88L., a apur tr .. il j,·uLJ• th" cld Cov;l .. t~ or Lo:i.g!llire trHil loai:ing to a"'"'"'

Prairie ""a o;,iened ,,;p to ti"le springs, an1~-:1io e>t::.d :09.l'tmi. L:~,~~~ """\;cote ov?r t\1e sc-::ivc

122

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Hertel >ms nt nearly enough to m~e·o tha 11

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llatianal Pa.rl:. During tl.JJ sumtt.er of 19l·3 '.:bla

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!?13

I 1"~:-1 -.(,,

.$ '-• 1934

1947 .

12:i

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L. _::n

'

i ' f· 1917

f ' '

l 2f;

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1• 1• 111t ii 1, I

11 I

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1921

1931

•

19" -·

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l.'ount lout a cond;_tir»1 of." ocarcity dua to the use of

':'lito'2·firenr1

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in Paradis~ Valley,"

d!J 1907

1911

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--------~--

often S

I

'e -----~-I ' ~ ,, ,,

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in the park.

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192:?

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1923

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·---~

1926

1950

na:'oi ~=1 l"·r:.:,

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i.n the park, with ~OJ fioh being '"'"'g;i1i: in t!l9 fit's·~ week of' the opeJ. ""ason.

!.:.-. E •. \, KitchiD, Resid"nt CCC l~ildlii'e Teclmleian, I

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---------~-

'

Ohe,1'l:peoo•h River a.nd Ots tributaries ,.o.,. ltf'ly f'i~hing only'. Upon a..;iproval

and :Vilons,

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Clouds" in Para.dlse %r·k t;o supply milk l"or the ~:>~all'a Club ouoing and climb

to tile •~uit of th.at y

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1917

1917

1917

-----·--- ·-- ----·---·- -

On Octobr 16, 1917, State Co=issio'1er c.f Agric~l':ure, E, F. Be"'.lson,

i"ashington, start~d a

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918

l9l9 ~,. 19~0),

19:.';· GC fl, J '•

l 3fl

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• I

Fore6t in 'l'e.oo""', on Fe'tr1:s.ry ls-

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·- -~----·---

~'.o=t i'tll.inier wera not 1J';

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"'ara nnt being used.

retie1•e

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G. 70?-E3l ?:lcr-::c~IOl! A'.JD :er1:,-.i'?E',"3i!T. --~-

---"-

142 ----------------------

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killec'. b;r firo."

of tho Inte!"io.1· a politico.l appointn:et'•• Unfol"t,,n:-.tely Mr. !'"-11 a.nd his

o.ssocioteG in the \!!ill neo.r /\shl'ord hsd been "iohe i-eci?ienta of the contract

910 in ?9""9 to ~"t tle'1d c.

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90E! a ti'.~tneter of 12 i!'_oheso Since their desi;:r'cction would b~ ;; per=1>ent in.Jury

kills·

143


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1910

191 ;l

.·~

BS deo.d -oreea still bor~ une or mor

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11

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."Ol"~o'.; ,

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--·~

,ft

Durin& 1520 a,-.d 1921 no serious fires -our".led w',t':tin the parl::, but se'1aral

s.p;;;-oached park l!indg fro01 the nationa·, fore;t, !n t.10 Ce.l'boo !liver diatl"iet

1920- a f'ire bw:ned r.tthin !,oo feet 01' the ~ark bounda~y ~e-~cre rang€r~ could stop

1921 it, fl_ 50-6o acre fire on Coui;;ar Cree'< east cf' tl>e ra··k '""S sup-reased Oy

f18."k fol'esta by Co Co Str

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1 •

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I

930

931

-· ----------

preoaratlon of' e. :"ire co:

!"'l'k '>id~d

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1932

193s

det~ction syoteN.

Con"er=ti~n ~'lor:

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oI' 194:J,

l?i.:2

""- s h"ld

Pa>.:l

1%3

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,47 li.,ited f'undo to =intain t;,,, nrei\s whi::h h'ld beon \7::>rk>d in J'll"t yea;s, In

tho fall of 1947, f.n-,Cl i'.oc~ lookout," -.·:ii ch h:i.C not bee a useci. for se;oral ye£ra,

l 5lJ .~--~

I

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!1

:;.949, 1950, and 1971 certain loggi"g i'lt~r111sts "-lld l"or.,aters who fa; led to

of 1"!ldernaas lrl!er~ both livillg at>d dead to·ea ":lould reo~iv~ p:~otoction a::id Ole

94e- in 191.?. Rongern oi;;d nn'Ol'r'"ll'.3ts, a""i"f ~'la sao.son .of' 15".+9 ~no: 1550, ,.-...ged

91:9 a fi;-" ~revention ca;npai$r. ·:,~t;~ th~ vi•it;.,,,,; P'>'i>lic, e.n

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•

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11 I

I

•• I I

1901

1902

~oL

I


•• 1, I

Irr ad.di'o!.on to th9ir sioage Sprin;5~

15~

I

.. I I I I I I I ..

II I I I I I

•• I 11

in 1911 tao

I


•• I I

916-

918

f:ul"'ing; tl>i' sea3on of 191'.l sp~cial ,_,ormits fc.r public sr-~'.ce• consi6erad

e;f 1915 he =s not at all impres"ed b:r "':l1~ l"1pi'..az:ard conduc-O of busin~o3 and

t:;ip around the 1"o=i:ai.n :'.'or a gccup of' concoerclal l~ad~r~ or' Seattle anC

_\". the P.ain;_er G:'.ut ·.n S~attle on '"'~cl·. 1, 19!.6, hasir.~~s men i'r"'' tl'.o

D. Si:ic:son io:>1lded together and

to J:!.Jild iim:.Jdia·Oaly a ~lC0,000 l"'! at l'a;·~dise Vall~:'• J,;: th~ aao>m-:o•· of

!ly tP.e su111mer """-~""' of 1918 "-ll cc-r~ess',ons in:.atio11 i"

15G

I

'e I I I I I I

I I .. I I

I I I I I

;

l'e I I I

1925

192~

-----.---

I


I

•• I I

1930

""-" in opera.ticn,

1936

"""Y 31, 1936.

l~fl ------ -----

I

.. I I I I I I I .. I

' I I I I I

•• I

1937 '"'" expanding his cabin are .. in anticipatio'J ci' greater business on the open.lng

Company we,.e acute, nnd outside captto.1 V

I

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I

I

• -I I I I

11 I a I

•• I I

I

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I I I .. I

I I I ii I

•• I I

1901

1907

1911

l ti l

I

.. I I I I I I I .. I

• I I I I

•• I I

921

7)

ait;,ar Pa>adisa Val lay r Ricksec'.a jck!ngly n"-:""d tha ~.!ace

obscures tha vie;.1 of ~he .oountaia.

Although mo.ny f'l~Cc hs.ve occurra!

in a 01·ens•s on th i;:o\l:'.l.taiD at 13,CC\J fo.,-:;, Til:rae aOh,,rs i'1 the party

surv~v":l tl-.a fall, Di.1t~ict Rangsr Ch~_rlss B, Er= of Purad.i6e, v1.~o ·Nas in

. r· ., J ' -'

I

.. I I t

I I

II

• II ! I

I '

I I I

11 I

•• I

eitr.er Pa!'adiEe -;-alley or liicicsec;;;or ?o!.i:t. On tha rG·Ourn ti·ip out of the

obscuras the ..,-1er1 ~r -'ohc ,,1cuntain,

''°

9'1

of 16 cli1U.be.-s, w~rs ""~·'ed on ,;t.e su;,,.i-~.

in a orewsse on the roountain at 13,CCO fo~;;. Three othe!'s in the party

.. I"' J ' -'

I

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' I I I I .. I I I I I I

•• I I

1930

~93l

1932

1933

(,'n July 2'1, !93'.J, ;,,,., ~rk superJut~"-C::ern; lsd a ca.rc,=n cf 300 "-"t°"'obilea

t!ati~r.:

I

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! I I

I

-I I I I I

I

fj

Follcring: tha 11•inds of' gale i'oroe '"' G~tobr 21, 1934, ns:ir oa.l=ity

was located b:,· pl"-.'l, pnrlc rangers and vol~ntce,. o~lmb~rfl made s p•riloua

Rai::cier Ne.tio!'.111 Pa:-k,

Tho llaticnal Parka Association of J.'-P""• on Ju:iy 30, 1936, prGsoted o.

1937 the Su.1"11l1it of Yount ?.a·:niar. Ylhs!> su1n.1~c· cnn:e, park rongers e.:;d guide• were

C.'.'.1. Nove:!lber l.S', 19;:9 •.t 11:45 p.rr. nn oart!lque.ke felt frv.n ""-"" tc """t

I

.. I I I I I I I

-I I I I I I

•• I I

.947

11; s

I


•• I I

to,. de'7astating floe~ vt>.ieh dest;!'oyed t!l~ lo:"°r mile oJ: t:1"' K:i.t1J~ Glacier,

' ' i:rnnsported 50,0CQ_,OOO y"rds of rook mri;erio.l ti-~-oug;;. t'.12 :i.p~e:· c&""!yon, de6troyed

947

reraoved from 3ome 01' the :·osds "-nd trnils. I"'o •r.:s rp.:-i·tad t;o be the worst

pricd of sto= in Y'"'-rs which did untoJ.d da=~e to the pu:C forcats and

1 flG

I


'• I I

195'

ot :.:ount Tialnier 1)atic::i:cl Par'.


'1 I

'• .. I I

-----·---·-------~ (~

Rai11ier Natioz:al Pe,,-J.: f;•o.'ll th., unsU1"vo·.1eC lsnds 01' the old Pncifl.o Forost

a .. acrve, it bec..,-,,e "!'P3-t'

.. I I I I I

I ii I

II I

I I

'• I

:•. 11 I

marloora, and cori-ect the ~:ec'oion of tb3 par!:,

Tha A~t {'f J""u""Y ;:1, 1931, gavo to th ;;sr'- the much n~eded 53,1

Ra1'1ier Natio=l l'!Orl: a~ a ~iological ~,,;.", th

I

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-I I I I I I

•• I I

1937

935

~(ounto.in to Se, .. tooth Ridge; tl':en north to --oho "'-3qu"lly '2l'.':0t"a!!c~ inlucrlnta!ldent th:ito those ).ands

wildlife refu~e :"or par1' deer and elk,

1 ... ,, ' '

I

1'e : I

I I I

11 '

I I I .. I I I I I

1, I

i ••

I I

1947

1951

------~--.~

t" acoo111plish ·t!l0 biolo;ical neels of t!_e park ns po;_,,tad O\.:t in 1932 by

Wright, Dixcn o.nd T'1.cmpson,

8tated that further o..;;u:!.)I" or oon~ider1ti~n or the "'tat~ooh AdditiOJ:l". -co the

parX should ba d"f,,;·:-ed inderini';sly :mleso conditions ap:o~ar to "'arrant

inclusiou at a la'


•• I II I -

1916

1920

1-., ' u

I

I:-I I I I I I .. I I

I 1 I

I I

•

9'5

In 1930 the park purche.sed tho :·;,·5t "sna-go~ .vh~ch kept the ,-oad open -to Glacier Bridge the fi:st winter "-"' then to Canyon Rim which shortened the

distance o""r tb.e snow to Paradise. Ot1 /.pril 3, 1932, the Seattle Junior

Ghrunl;ier o1' Ccmrmerce held its i'irot "fi'i,:ter Sport" Carni"'ln at Paradioii.,

Iu the "Jtinter of 1933-34 the road was ::ept op~ to the •l:i trail at liarada

DtU"ing the "'intar o'.' 1935~1936 tt

I


•• I I

During tha wint~r . h9% inct'ease in the visitor

Buo • .,,.,.;_ce Qbove N&rade Falls ,,,.3 a co::va.:iien;ie. Th; Jlai::i.isr li"ti,;nal ?ark

i936

Chrunber of Coll':nerce ~ttOio~ic f"-cilitie•

funicular rv.il"l'ily o~ lii"o to t?!s ~ar•

I


•• I I

trii.vel restritiws oauaed winter vioi'.:ors to decrease to a figure of' 97,177

for the winter &.eo.son, On December 27, 191.il, the 11e.1· ;;overllr\Ont •lri dormitory

e.t Par!tdise opened to pu1lic use unde1 operation by the park oonceesloner,

The B'/th }lounbain ln!'ar.try trained at ?aradiae throu,gh ll&.y or 194,2 0

ln the fall of 19L.5 aft.,;:- th-" tarainati= of WorLd War II '.much ne'

requested by the Seattle-Tacoma organizations, P.->l·ing the \•inter of 1946~

1947 tha road weo k>'l\'t "-'"n to Pnradi•· at a. coot of ¢22,000 •'or 66,000 skiers,

'!'or their oonvenieno" rc:-table ski tavra were in operatlon on -...,el< ends. l'h6

.1946- Rainiar National Parle Co,,.pauy kept op~n the gotre~rur.9nt ski lodge. Durir"i> the

'19~7 1"intar 11,832 poopla used the C"-)'USe Pt

I


•• I I

ln the win;;er of 19!.i.8~19/.19, due i;o the wind eto,.,,. of Dacamber end the

19!:8~ ava1.e.nchs ot' J.~ t P"radise ~"'-"- clo•ed to publi

I

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1• I I I

1• I .. I I I I I I

•• I I

1921

1922

--------------

Professor J. Jl. Flett, teacher of l>otany znd geclogy in the Tacoma sohoola

tor t..-enty y

thei the nature cuide servioe w.is on o trial basis but had p

I


•• I I

1923

1924

1925

-- --------

Sasson. lla r

II I .. I I

I

I

I I I

•• I I

''"

prepe.ring exhibit• for a park muaaum at Longmire.

mova from the stone Ranger Station o:t ?aradise 'to the new Cornmunity Building

"a aoon aa it was ocmpjoted.

On A-ugust 31, 192&, Mr., Sohl:loe resigned his position as DJl.turalist, and

on No"811\be,. lat, !nI'ormtion ~nger C, F'rank Eroebrian beca10a acting l"'rk

natUl'ali~t. D

I


•• I I

Thrcll;;h cooJ>eration ''ith the l'lashingt.on State 1.(v.aeu.11 in Seattle, history e.nd

Indian exhibits ,.,,,,..., enlarged at _Lou~ire ),'"""""'•

In 1932, f'if'te.1 mir,utes of' radic ti"'" per week on KVT r:as made availe.ble

to the park na.tureliat. With help fr:im the ~1eetern Muse\llll Laboratory. in

l!orkeley, "1ld advice from Herman Carey Bumpua, ;fr. l!r0:hibits,

Yale School of Forestry on a Natiolll'll ?a,.k Sel'viee Scholarohi9.

18J

I

'e I I I I I I I .. I I I I I I

I

1937

1939

ln 1937 ai'ter nine years of wor:

I


In 19/+2, tho first of' ths Wo,.ld \'far. II Y"o.re, tile office snd librt.l."y

b"ilding,. In februe..ry 1%4, a aot f,.ra !'r= n def'ectiva oil beater c"used

damage to e:i:hlbita 0ind fo.cilitiec in ',he Longmlre l!us~=· Between 1943 a.nd

•

1946 tile park naturalist=• 1".sndioap?"d by lack of money a.nd the a.beenoe or

aeaao:c!lll peraowiel, but 'll'ith the aid of: the P"rk rugers, was able to lreep

1942- f'cr the occssional civ.,li01_n vioito,. •--::d the o;•ga.I1ised parties af Se?'vice men

pa.,-:c and reCl"Oa'.;io::"-1 areau. rn t'1e r'1.ll of 1946 the positOon of Aesista::it

K. Potts reported. from L.iGse., >olcenCo lls.tion(ll Pm·k e.~ ),L-, st"n&er

~"'" $~

I

l'e 11 I I I I I I

• I I I I I I

I

,,,_ 1951

wi.'.!ltB?' of: doap snows caused the buildlni; to ps.M:ially collapse, making it

in the C""'?Elrs Shel-Ce::- 1'1hich 'ITas not ye'; o~platad f'o,. lnterproti"o use. At

suocessio". and fo!'eSt ~oil~ de.-

I

.. I

i I I

I I I I

I I I

I

----·-~

Uuiva•sity ot Washingtmi .,ere oarriad ~ut in th" kute area. !}~,.i"t1g tb.e,

winter of' 1950~51 the psrk Illlture!irt 1

I

.. I I ilinng those 9&rl:r spoI>sora ef l·'.ount Rainier llatio""l Ps.l'\c, in the daJ'" I

when the aroa ""'·" lit-cle l:n"1'1n ad still '1I! '"'""'naged po.rt of the fod.,re.l

I ti on that the area""'" to be savvd o.rul. oheriahed for tho uoe of fuCUi'e i;enal'atio-= Crest to tho

I I explor"l', who was t.-ansfs:rred fr= the Gaclogie&l Sur>e;)' in 1899 to ths

I I 3·· f'irot engineoro oi' his time to n,_,rreeinte the v&lue of the oo$uio a~sets of'

prob~bly pioneers


•• I I

(~

or the out-of-

I

.. I I I I I I I .. I

• I I I I I •• I

,,,,

---~

In lilorcb of: 1912, ll'.enbors of the :;,,,,, Seattle Cha.l:lber ot c=erce, the

Tacc:M C=ercie.l Cluo e::d Cl'...,,ber of' Con.,,._erc, Seattle Co=ercial"Club, the

Rotary Club of Se!lttle. a.'.'.1.d tho Rot.u~· Cl«b ot l'ecorne. eleoted perll)ll.rient

d1>7eloµont of l!c1.1:it '1,ain;_ar •1hich w&s '~orire.r

I

.. I 1,

'

I I I

• 11 .. I

• I I I

•• I I

----·~~

With the resignation of !.Ir. Car-::i~ as the o~-".i;-11!8.n in 1936, the hCE!rd Ms

devotad its aot'i.vitiea tc ''boosti,,~" for n2eded impro7'l!\1er:ts in both Yount

Rainier and OlY'Uj)io Natioll'11 Parka. 'i'o~ay the l'l'esent he&dq_ua,.tera of' the

saoretary, lfr'. E. R. Fl'>tts,.oli', is looate

I

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' I I I I

•• I I

:r. SW'.:'·:ARY OP T!iE ?P.l'.!( AD:.'.I from injury or spo~l,.tion'of all ti,,,.ber. ·,;.oral derosits,

:note-uction for tl':e 9urposes of meroh0;niise or pro!'it. IO.. '"': l also cause

'll per,ons trespaosini; upon the same after the paosage o~ t ,, - . ct to be

·'' s:u1l be neoessary to fully carry out the objeoos and pu1·70: e of thiu

.1ct,

Seo~ion $provide•:

"T?; to ""Y'

189

I

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• I I I I I I

•• I I

O'rom i»jury or opoliation of all ti.'Tlber, mineral dep.;;sits, nutura our'\oeities,

ss re1uired by t'1.~ o.ot, ha•ce been promulgated by the ilepartm~nt, o•· the J"eeson

, ) ,, 'Che Yea,- o:? l900 (12S),

' ' ,, t · 0 foll ~'llir_;; to s o.y it. rego.,-d oo tt:e p'1.rk and ;,;_ s re cc,,;; c:_ :r. i '"'~ of'

'·Ci9 :

_,,-k, he repeale

I

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If

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•• I I

(c) 'The y,,ar of 1901 (129).

!n his annual report for the fiscal year ecding June ~COh, : :lOl, the

3ecre-!;ary oo' tl-.e >:ntei·ioo· restated his ,,,.,a.sage in rei;ard to tile 'oate of affairs

e,:isting by the act of Congress apprc.,,.ec! L,.roh 2, 1899, and fUi·t< >r states

that'

-:;~_Os ~:l"!.ed Ranier by the Secrctsry until 1'03) "'"" :'oroed upon ·i,- C 'Ouhlic

,_·,,,,na,-.C "°'""by the inacti.,,.iOy of Ccngreso ii> the s~=~r of 19::1.

Cf this for'1! of man~~ement ti::at ha had set U? by "xecu·o ·..-~

-,., follo;1£ng to say in hiz an.'luel report of Juw 3-0th, 1902 o

"Considerable interes·o havin:; been "'anif'ested ·o:r the pu· 1~0 n thio po.,-k

191

I -I I


•• I I

-;he fore"t superintenienl ror the Sta:te of ~its"-ington ~ia• 0'.11.?.ced in charze

thereof terr.porarily; thi3 assignment, ho·~·rer, can not be continuld for aey

len~th of time without serious interference "lfith the proper perfc ""'nee of

tile doties of this officer in the enforce'1'lent of the regulai;;ions >f the

!'orestr;r service in tre r~ries.

(;;) The Year o~ 1905 (131),

"-';;ust 1, l903,

192

,------------- -

I

.. I I

ii I I I I

• I I I I I I

•• I I

.,.here the Rainier Fork uni tea •.'fith the lleoqually Glacier, fo11owi:-i~ the .,,..lley

;or 12 mile~, and reaces Indian Henry'• fumting; Grounds. The ea::-k is alao

reached by tr"-ils f'r"1ll Fairfax leading to llowich Glacier.

"A small band of elk, driven fro"1 tl!e .eoreeta at the head of the Shoornum

Chuck River, are nav< iTI ar,d about tr.a ,.ark, with their yo\lll,S, a:'ld an effort

aad •-lso !'urnisbed guides at $3 per day.

".~hotel •«as alao operated by J.lr, glcaiu !..cn;;ruire, at Loni'"-'-"" Springs,

cc, l~.nd pao;~'lted prior to the creation ~r the park.

''Reports indicate th.0 .t at least f'i;e mineral clailns W

I I

: .. I I I I I I I .. I I I I I I

•• I I

' ~-----

(c) ?he ·;~,,,,- cf· 1904 (132, ~).

?~opes about Spray Pe,,-;.,; an-\ Crater Ls.;,.,,

"The trail to India!'. '.-icnry'o !iuntir~ C·!"ound ohcul~ be r~;:e'.r -:l e.r.

I

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II I

'I I I I I

•• I I

r. . '

from June SG, 190S to June 30, 1904.

C;heir actual w.lua, .About 73 prospectors \tr,;·e ir1 the pai-k,

o.C 19'.J5,

the acti:,;i: s~pe,.ir,tecdent,

'ialley, and ~ndian F,enry's 2unti"-g G~ol'r.G, -,rhile v.ncc:::1~r ''"-~ ooJi-,!led ·oo the

1ollars, of -.1hich sllla si:c -O:housa.nJ 1cl~e:>o, or oo !:'.uch thei·ecf le ccay be

195

!J6 I

'.l.nO'{O~I.\ 'OSO.I.IO 01- """1""'·"'-'11' aq_ ,,.::-.d "'I+ no :W-,t..r&S $.;'.8~= .. 'i-"'\J; (Zl

·'!-'"' "'13- JO sc~.ropur.cq_ ""-1- ;o >.UOi;;..1JS1\q_oo.-s~ -puo A&£..I"{'.S a-;.~ocC: S"ll 'P-'"'·'"-""~ ""'-· "'O-'J 'l-'"'O a-;;.

O'.l.tl1' p~~.C :~J \~r.,;r; ~''."- .a.r a-·~-~ ll" pun lj'.0:-~ o~+ po;Uiaap -:;;~a11. sp;o. at\+

11" +nq ''.iJ-,:co_n.:::2 P"'" '.iu-;~"a:o .roJ 'j·Jr,l '81 "=f' ~~ ;a+µ"; a.:::;>ailm]C

~apun '.ro+~.,d~n'j'. •.rad1.i: •y ·o ·~,'1 tq A15'rr]Cp.rooo" ap'8Ul B""" Aa...,ns at;;i;,

•,,-..icoe;i; +" pauo]'i"+" •.raeu1'.ma oi-u"'1-s1ss" ·~a'{oa•:ito;l;l a;;ialln:;;

;;o a2.r>rno l"""l u; pao-a1C: ""·" 'o+a '£"'-'1-:\S "'!'. 5:.i:'Iuu: JC: 'I'""~'{.';,

-- ~";~'.} '"~"f'!'.\- .ra-~c;o :iio•o'-'"' •a~"~"

I


•• I I

-!1arr'.l.nt, arr,· party viola.tin;

The Year of~ (133, 5, 145),

,, . ;

".'he follo>:ing pertinent quotation~ oo::icerni:ig th' ""'"":t"'·'lll'- of' 1.'ount

L

!lainier llo.tional Park h••·' been ta.ken:" ~oui the reporc of the s~crei;ary of the

Illterior fur the fiscal yeer ende~ June 30, 190S, but v1r1tt.on ot a later date:

"T!>e pt>rtion o'.' the perk r:O'>: most .~re1'U!ntEd by .-is~to.cs is thet pert

trails frc:r. Fe.ir'.'a>: by ••hioh t1'e "O"alle:rs o~ the ~rbo:i. "-·'d :~o;·r~cl. Ri7ers oan

Ce fo 1.lowe

'

I

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II ' I I I

•• I I

fully extinguish all ri,...,o prior to br2akini; cam?,

"Black ~ee.r, deer, cou~ar, a:iC c1il

I


•• I I

ar:d covers an area of 324 square tiiles. Ct~ bcun~ariso co:Tip1et~Ly enc:.ose the

main ,.ange of the cascndes.

"Th,, profuaion and -.,ariety of alpine flov1er' ,.,.., one of the r falls.

season.

er:nc:al outing in the Tatoosh &nge, so,,th o:' -:oh.e PaTk, o;t,ere t'1o:;· hunted tea,.

a::d picked ber,.ies and were not annoyed i>y -cM presence of o.thor· -cour:::sts

199

I


•• I I

{~) The Ye~r of 11'06 (6, 52.i.

Pro~ ?o,.e>~ Ju,,,,.-,-i'1oendent ,,, • -----

int\:_,, foliov1ing o:-der of interest:

,_,) .,,_,, ,,,,,~~,, ~-~~,-- ;,;,_ ""·-'·, C~ •• • • ~-w ~ .. ~ '' " "-~O , • '"" • -~ ''"'~ ~~ •«o ,.- "- ' 10n;.s I!c,ou~. "-" c~"P"" •v-

(2) "T"e 't'/10 !to-;~ls (Long

I


•• I I

( 3 )

ore.ct is actually a vEl.luable r.1.0ning

propecty be established.

;:u crier to ~rotect the reser-vatiou ,rorr: fi::-e ,.,,d trespass.

'.10) "There are some instances cf ·:re• d{seaoe; .\Oi~s J.asioc,_,.,,,, ":a

I


•• I I

l ' )

c'lu~e ~:hich ai':"ects -t:·,e lee;veo, ?i,,.us .':!Ol'.ticola io attacked O;/ a '1orer which

is quite capable of' doin'> gerious damo;ge, This insecc aeerr.s to be incrossin~,

but I do noo kno1•1 or' a11;r ;;ay by -,.rhich ''" depredo.t~~'1S c.".. be checked.

(11) "Upon the completion of' tlle Gove:rn."\ent road it is ?robable th~t

there ·:;ill be a desire to teke a>oto,,,.obile~ into the ~

be set aside for fi~hting fcrest fires in the pir:C."

~oad survey frcll'_ tt= •·:estorn bound.ary of tl:e Forest i'cser\"~ to C'·"·? o_' the

Clou"'a. in P!l.ra.d~ae F"-rk :'or tha Corps of E':c.c,ine~rs, G. S •. \rrcy.

Of his 'lark on the raad and intere$t in tr.e par'-., !'.8.jor H. -• ChO tten1en

connection ¥rith the ne·r. road:

"l!ol,ifica-oi~n or a=ulment of contract with A, D. lJ'.iller .~c;· conotruction

or th~ road Yre.s received at this cftice or: July 8, 1SC6, and ;•:or::'""'" co=·enced

B;irinr;s. ;Tork ·nas carried on until llocreo:.be~.

202

I


I

I

--)

taken great interest, ttot c.nly in tfl~ constr1'0ti.on of the roaO, bo.:t ;_., e.11

:f'eroonnel records of che park shov: t:iat in ano'>-er to tile ;ecmr.i:-endation

first peT'lll'l.nent appointment as ?ark rar.ge,. ln )'.ount Rainier 'fat'.o,al. Pnrk

en llovelL'>er 12, 19·JS.

(b) The Year of l~07 (7, 53'..

G, F, ".Cl~co i:t

bad cc-nditio'1,

i"

I

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-I I I I I I

•• I I

'

! recom:nend that proper action be, taken to prohibit huntint: altogether in the

5.ainier terior,

•

d~signed and built, but tho ~rounds are i:l ke?':: arid disfOr,cred Oy ro,;:;h

·,\'ith the reconstruction anci ~ener•.l ~epair of the road •.vO.-i;hi:o the p&rk

Railr~acl early in 1906 and ·oy the U. S. -'-~n'y En:;ineer3 la.te in 1806 !lnd eo;r!y

in 1907, a popular de=n~ for th~ use c:: --ohis roatl by au~o,iobilos """'" bro">l!;ht

to"' head in the late su:mr.er of 1907.

Alihou:!;h the Aot~n~ Park Superi:tten

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"The t1u."ber oo' vehicles that ente~~a the park durin;; ti'!e ae1>aon ~f 1907

is eotimated at 1,010 of which 60 were auto:r.obiles. 1'hei:e ;nach.inea were

?""'itt~d to uae the roiravisicn shall

not affect existing; right• heretofore ,..,guir 0 d ii: P,OOO feitil ar.der the mine~al-

land le11s of th~ United States to en~· :c.ini,-ig location '>T loca~ions in said

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~~oc:nt '1.ainier National Par~."

;Ju• to oertain incoosistenci.9• called to the e:!;tentio« of tha Secret,.:-y

cf' tn., Inter Lor by the hcoing Superiuten!ent in hiG aevera: re?orop6rly protect the treveling

;>ublic in the park,

~2) nou,-in;, the ounrrer of 1907 the liisqually district .. .,,.s in cha•·ge or

one p:o.rk ,-anger. ll0 wus assisted by two fore5t ran~ers •1ho .,,.l;~nded their

;>atrol in the adjacent Nntio!lal Peri.st t~ the park. Sinco Ja'1uary l90f',

a rang;er has been on duty ?.t th~ cntro.:>c> to l:ha vark on tl'.o i;ovei·:i..,ent. road.

It i~ neoess3ry to station e rang;er at this point constantly durtni; ths eummer

months in order to receive automobile pe'""1its and to pre.,.ant cen?inf!; ~arties

2116

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frcm to.\:it;

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the"' at thls ti1"e of yrest, l'lhere they r.er& once eam:::ion

a~ a much lo;:io:r elevat.\on "Chan whllre they,.,..,""" founnlls. It we.~ thrc•1n orBn ';o the P'-lblic

as far as the Nlsqually Glncier July lL. and ts th" first road to !'eacl-. a

~lacier >.n the Unit

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at the entrance to the par" and one is near L tctal nun.ber of 't\aitors

was 2,626, an increase of 758 O

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rec"'1l,-,ended to the Secretary that a bridle trnil enoirole the mountain and that

another be ,.oughed out fro:n Camp of the Cloud.s to the moun~111n summit with

a stone silelter at CBmp !.iuir end one on the top of' the crater.

(d) Year o1' 1909 (9)

The following quatation• takon f:?= t;,., A.etini; Superi:itendent'e Report

(!) ''On 11.ugu•t 11, :g09, t•• ir.en who started to..,:,,., the '1S~eot from

?e.radlse Valley periahed in a sto,..,,, 0

ur. :lollllt Rai:'.ler),

{ " ~ V''l'. l •> o• .-:. •• .inme, ti •·-~ \'ountain

(2) "Along the Carbcn and Niaqua:.ly ,._;_vers thre i~ a considerable amount

of dead ced:>.r. 'i'he r""'o""l of this ..at~ri~l, if' ccnductcd il'. a proper manner,

will be "

rlonr. t~3 ?!isq,,....lly !Iii"'' 'l8S -idvertise;i al'.d sold to tne h".(;b.es'o :Oidda·• at

$1.30 pt>r cord. The bolt• "era f1os.tad ;::o a niill I1ear Anh"'crd. Cuttlc'

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climbing 'chat a a.helter be built a.t Gitraltar Rock, on tf:e south side of 11ount

.Rainier, o.nd at Camp Curtis, near the E!l'-"'OUS Glacier. f, otructure made of

stone and c""'eDt would ·Je prefer,.ble, A a1ll!lll f

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" .• • none of which ho.d e.erious results, ";:he road is. open to ths l!isquo.11¥ CJJ..i.eier,

and it is exP"eted that in e.nother season it rlll b ss.~e f'or rnaoh.inea

to g to Narada fll.lls,

(13) "On April 26, 1909, an 0.1",reem.ent for the constr\1ction and '11!1'1.intenance

'of a telegraph line in the park was ontorod irrto b;t l!r, Joh..,!.', Ball and other•

of Tacaoa. C=truotion wast be 001r.plated withi:i thr~c r1onth3, but it

,;eeOJ~ to hve been Pillty of Park

Supe>'int~l\dent, l!ot'.::tt P.

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• The following improve:neuts, eVnts, com~ents and ?Ointo of n:ar.nggr.en-:;

for the seasO'!\ of 1910 have been t"-\:'.en from the Ootobar 6th report of ·-.h.,

aup&r lntendent :

ho,.se sleighs,

(2) The bodies cf the"'"" "ho lost their lives while tr;-iag to c~oss

until the ioe has moved. to its terminal m·.ir'>ino.

was oonsld•;Nd &civisable by ttw Secret1'T:/ th'1t more ce:J.ar ·ms to Cle cu-o, the

'klnr; the ·.•oo

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lodgo at lfisqually ~ntrance.

(10) During the sea.son or 1910, 7,654 visitors cntor~d the c.ark ,,.ia the

I go,,..,rnmont rood. 320C """~transients

I to be romedied before the opening; of a.nether sea.sen. r;oor,~e R. Hall e.t !ndian ll.

I (18) De L•:p0 Tours Co. secured a J'9l"11!it to oo~erote r.tag20 from ':'aco= to Lollgm're 'mt cculd ~o~ ~onor the con':·1>ct. The sel1'0 corr=ny ''"-" gr&n~e

•• I a speclal-uae pertol:i> for o. telephone lin3 through the parlc ·:,.ut due to i"

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;19) ReCl!:rnendntton for a hudget of -~13,1'.00 =s "ub:nittad b;r tha

superintendent. Ue =nted til.e park rani;or:s to be e~lled ;>erk ooouto to anparate

theui f;rcm th" forest r~ng~cs, !l-nd he she "'d • need for a f~nee 3;1. of a mi le

lonr; at th

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• • (5) !·r. l!!l.11 used the t',r"'' Ric'.ie s-;:ring o .. er the ro~d at the

park entrance.

(7) ~·,.,.'full considered trail bu'.ld;n,- for "dequete fl!'trol end '.';re

supuression very Jo-portent ""d e.sked ror ~10,000 to ccrnplete a si,stein oround >;he ,,our:oaln in 1912. T-10 Car'~on River, Soray ?ark Tr!>.il \l"S bui:t d\l,.in:;

l.onpire's. rt "'ould co~t eaoo,

sensor..

5110 came by au~cmobil~, L·~5 by root, l-10 ·c·;•;:le, 27

1911,

(12) Fo>Jr person• ware authorioeC 0i'1.ed efforts or the offi.~inl i;11ide,

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