national measurement system acoustics and ionising...

AIR Programme Strategy 2014

National Measurement System Acoustics and Ionising Radiation (AIR) Programme Strategy

19 June 2014

Programme Type: Knowledge Base

Programme Size: £7.2m per annum Delivered by: NPL

Programme Themes Theme 1: Acoustics: covering medical and industrial ultrasound, sound in air and

underwater acoustics. Theme 2: Radiation Dosimetry, covering medical radiotherapy and industrial

dosimetry. Theme 3: Neutron, addressing nuclear power and radiation protection. Theme 4: Radioactivity, addressing energy, environmental protection and nuclear

medicine.

Main aims and objectives The AIR programme maintains and develops the measurement infrastructure for acoustics and ionising radiation that primarily:

enables the healthcare, energy generation and defence sectors to comply with regulations and codes of practice; and

supports healthcare and environmental sectors to improve quality of life.

The programme provides the metrology infrastructure, in particular primary and secondary standards, and the development of new measurement techniques to underpin new technologies and facilitate innovation. The AIR programme aims to enable:

optimised and effective application of ionising radiation and acoustics in medicine;

continued safe operation of industries that use ionising radiation; better understanding and mitigation of the effects of personal and

environmental noise exposure; compliance with international obligations in acoustics and ionising radiation; more accurate sentencing of nuclear waste; reduced risks from nuclear weapons and enhanced marine defence; a maintained metrology base to support national nuclear energy options and

hydrocarbon exploration; optimised application of ultrasound in detection and processing; and internationally accepted and accessible measurement standards.


Executive Summary

The AIR programme:

enables the health service, energy generation and defence sectors to comply with regulations and codes of practice; and

supports healthcare and environmental sectors to improve quality of life. The principal stakeholders are in the healthcare (medical diagnostics and therapeutics), energy (renewables, nuclear fusion and fission, nuclear decommissioning, radiation protection) and defence sectors and the corresponding government departments (MOD, DH, Defra). The programme supports delivery of UK government strategy in Health, Environmental Sustainability, Security, Energy, Advanced Manufacturing and Underpinning Metrology. The key challenges are to:

maintain the necessary metrology infrastructure in acoustics and ionising radiation to meet UK industry and governmental needs;

prioritise existing activities against the changing economic, regulatory and environmental landscape; and

exploit other funding sources for growth of science and metrology capability. Roadmaps presenting details of targets and the necessary metrology capability to be developed are presented in the Annexes.

Themes level descriptions of challenge-driven strategic measurement priorities Theme 1: Acoustics This theme focuses on metrology for medical and industrial ultrasound, sound in air and underwater acoustics addressing primarily the health care, noise in the environment (airborne and marine), and advanced manufacturing sectors. It is thus a diverse theme with a wide range of drivers, challenges and stakeholders. Key challenges are in the areas of:

improved quantitative imaging e.g. ultrasound computed tomography, photoacoustics, microbubbles;

therapeutic-level medical ultrasound; industrial high power ultrasound, cavitation and acoustic emission; noise perception and sensor networks; and underwater acoustics for environmental issues, corresponding to the growth in

marine noise monitoring requirements and legislation.


Main stakeholders are in the healthcare, local and national authorities, infrastructure/transportation, renewable energy, advanced manufacturing and defence sectors. The R&D delivers UK government strategy in health, energy and defence. Theme 2: Radiation Dosimetry This theme focuses on the radiation dosimetry addressing the health care sector, primarily from a medical radiotherapy dosimetry perspective, but also from an industrial dosimetry perspective where the emphasis is on application to sterilisation of medical devices and packaged pharmaceuticals. Key challenges are:

to underpin the needs of the health sector through provision of standards, calibration and audit infrastructure necessary for the implementation of existing and new therapy modalities, improving treatment planning and thus improved patient outcomes; and

development of industrial dosimetry to meet the needs for novel radiation processing e.g. at cryogenic temperatures of pharmaceuticals.

Main stakeholders are healthcare providers (cancer therapies), equipment and instrument manufacturers. The activity primarily supports the delivery of the UK government strategy in Health and is critical to the provision of cancer treatment: “More than 200,000 patients receive radiotherapy treatment for cancer each year, reliant upon the dose standards delivered by NPL’s Clinical LINAC facility” - The Strategy for the National Measurement System: 2011-2015. Theme 3: Neutron This theme addresses the needs of the nuclear power industries, providing neutron metrology to both fission and fusion applications, and for radiation protection for individuals exposed to neutrons (e.g. nuclear industry workers) and for cosmic radiation (i.e. aircrew). Radiation protection measurements will become increasingly important in the healthcare sector, e.g. at Hadron therapy facilities. NPL’s neutron facility is a national infrastructural facility supporting the UK’s energy and defence sectors represented by industry and government departments. Key challenges are:

maintaining and developing the necessary capability for testing reactor instrumentation;

metrology for very intense and pulsed fields; and improved nuclear data for the next generation of reactors.


Main stakeholders are nuclear power industry, including fusion research, in particular for testing of reactor instrumentation, radiation workers, defence sector and aircrews (cosmic radiation). The research supports delivery of the UK government strategy in energy, security and defence. Theme 4: Radioactivity This theme focuses on regulatory compliance in the nuclear industry, patient safety in nuclear medicine, and low level radioactivity measurements in the environment and for nuclear forensics. Key challenges are:

nuclear medicine: molecular radiotherapy, quantitative imaging & accurate patient dosimetry, primary standards for new radiopharmaceuticals;

forensics for defence/security, including metrology for long-lived nuclides/small quantities;

decommissioning of nuclear plants in UK: novel reference materials, mobile laboratory requirements and automated radiochemistry, primary standards for radioactive aerosols;

improved nuclear decay data for reactor design, waste disposal and patient dosimetry; and

to increase input to government policy on implementation of regulations. Main stakeholders are in healthcare (for nuclear medicine), environmental monitoring laboratories, decommissioning and forensics (CTBTO, IAEA). The research supports delivery of the UK government strategies in the areas of energy, health and security.

Alignment with Government and other strategies, including NMS strategy The AIR programme addresses the NMS strategy in numerous ways. The programme primarily addresses three of the six key national challenges facing the UK, namely Energy (nuclear fusion and fission, wind and marine based renewables), Health (improved diagnostics and therapeutics, nuclear medicine, radiological protection) and Security (nuclear forensics, defence), and to a lesser extent the Growth and Sustainability challenges (industrial application of ultrasound and industrial dosimetry). In the Health challenge the programme addresses, for example, the “…. need to introduce more efficient clinical practices, and (early) prognostic and diagnostic techniques, therapies and assistive technologies for deployment in the hospital,


surgery and home environment, both to meet patient needs and to improve value for money”. This is addressed by projects in the Acoustics, Dosimetry and Radioactivity themes. The NMS Strategy states that “These new practices and technologies must be validated as safe and effective” – a key aspect of the AIR programme. The programme aligns well with the Metrology 2020s Vision for “A Healthy population”, especially with reference to quantitative differential diagnostics and imaging (Ultrasound and Dosimetry), and supports the Department of Health’s Cancer Reform Strategy. The Cancer Research UK report “Achieving a world-class radiotherapy service across the UK” – July 2009 reported that radiotherapy continues to be one of the most important treatment modalities for cancer patients, with clinical demand currently outstripping capacity. This trend is expected to continue to increase with the rise in cancer incidences due to changing demographics (e.g. aging population) and earlier diagnosis allowing more opportunities for treatment with improved outcomes. This is expected to be addressed by increasing the number of clinical LINACs available, increasing the workforce capacity and increasing the support for new and emerging technologies e.g. proton therapy. The programme’s Dosimetry activity supports the implementation of radiotherapy services. In the Energy challenge, the underwater acoustics activity aligns well with the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Roadmap and its goal to “drive delivery for marine renewable energy and clear away barriers whilst protecting the environment and natural heritage through the application of relevant controls”, as well as the UK Renewable Energy Strategy. The ionising radiation activity addresses the significant national challenge to the UK of nuclear decommissioning and nuclear legacy waste disposal, as well for nuclear new-build and fusion research, the latter thus addressing the Metrology 2020 vision of a sustainable low carbon economy and the nuclear energy roadmap to 2050 prepared jointly by the IEA and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) (2010). The programme’s Neutrons activity provides standards for power generation and type testing for reactor instruments as well as personal and area dosemeter testing, again providing metrological underpinning to the nuclear industry’s roadmap. The Security challenge is addressed through activities supporting defence and nuclear forensics. The programme further addresses the NMS strategy by providing national and international leadership in measurement, with strong representation on Standards and other committees.

International strategy This programme aligns well with the relevant EURAMET strategies. Representation on EURAMET committees is strong with chairmanship of technical committees on Acoustic, Ultrasound and Vibration and Ionising Radiation, and also the sub-


committee on Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics. This ensures close alignment of strategies and roadmaps. European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) projects are a significant component in the portfolio of activity of the AIR programme, with involvement in EMRP projects in all the programme’s four themes of acoustics, dosimetry, neutron and radioactivity. These projects provide significant collaborative opportunities, enhancing NPL’s international recognition and impact on the European stage. European collaboration should be of increasing importance in the coming years, with the successor programme EMPIR providing a new platform for the AIR programme to enhance its impact.

Documentary Standards, Legislative requirements, Regulations and Directives The AIR programme addresses many quality of life issues that are regulated. Significant contributions are made to Documentary Standards as evidenced below. The facilities and standards developed and maintained in this programme underpin regulations in environmental, nuclear and health care sectors, for example:

EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) - Good Environmental Status (GES)

EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EC, EC Directive 2001/42/EC

Food and Environment Protection Act 1985

Ionising Radiations Regulations (1999)

Environmental Permitting Regulations (2010)

Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (2000)

Safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation (Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM)

Convention on Early Notification in Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Legal Series No.14, IAEA, Vienna (1986) Article 5

Community arrangements for the early exchange of information in the event of a radiological emergency (Council Decision 87/600/EURATOM)

Health protection measures to be applied and steps to be taken in the event of a radiological emergency (89/618/EURATOM Article 6)

Sterilization of medical devices: e.g. EU Medical Devices Directive and standard EN/ISO 11137

Defra, Noise Policy Statement for England Furthermore, the medical dosimetry activity underpins the use of existing and new therapies, for example through provision of audits to ensure compliance with Codes of Practice.


Support for the SI This programme supports the fundamental realisation and dissemination of the national primary standards for:

• Acoustic Pressure (Pa) • Acoustic Power (W) • Activity (Bq) • Air Kerma (Gy)

• Absorbed Dose (Gy) • Neutron emission rate (s-1) • Fluence (m-2) • Dose equivalent quantities (Sv)

The programme supports the necessary participation in key comparison exercises. Fundamental metrological development is ongoing in the use of optical methods for the realisation of a primary standard for sound pressure.

Knowledge Transfer and Exploitation National and International Representation AIR staff have significant roles in many BIPM, EURAMET, Standards and other committees ensuring impactful knowledge transfer through, for example, the development of Standards and Codes of Practice. Committees in which AIR staff participate include: BIPM Consultative Committees: Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration (CCAUV); Ionising Radiations (CCRI). BIPM Consultative Committee Working Groups: CCAUV-WG Strategy; CCRI Section (I) Radiation Dosimetry [KCWG]; CCRI Section (II) Radioactivity [KCWG, ESWG, TIWG]; CCRI Section (III) Neutron Metrology [KCWG]. EURAMET Committees: Technical Committee - Acoustics Ultrasound and Vibration, Technical Committee - Ionising Radiation, Sub-Committee - Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics. ISO, IEC, CEN, BSI and Other Committees: IEC TC87 WG3 High power transducers, ISO TC87 WG8 Ultrasonic field measurement; Ultrasonic Industry Association; BSI EPL87 Ultrasonics, BSI CH/62 Electrical Equipment in Medical Practice; IEC TC87 WG15 Underwater acoustics; IEC TC87 WG14 Ultrasound exposure parameters; IEC TC87 WG6 High intensity therapeutic ultrasound; IEC SC62B MT34 Medical electrical equipment; IEC SC62D MT18 Therapy equipment; International Society for Therapeutic Ultrasound; BSI EH1/1; IEC TC29 Electroacoustics; IEC TC29 WG21 Head and ear simulators; IEC TC29 WG5 Measurement microphones; IEC TC29 MT4 Sound level meters; IEC TC29 MT17 Sound calibrators; ISO TC43 Acoustics; BSI EPL/87 Ultrasonics; BSI SME/32/-/13 Underwater noise from shipping; ISO TC43 SC3 Underwater acoustics; EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive Technical Subgroup 11; BSI EPL/29 Electroacoustics; Institute of


Acoustics Measurement and Instrumentation Group Committee; UKAS Acoustical Industry Technical Committee; ISO TC85 WG2 Radiological Protection and WG17 (radioactivity measurement); Panel on Gamma and Electron Irradiation; ISO CH198 WG2 Radiation sterilization of medical devise; ASTM Committee E61 Radiation Processing; International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology; IPEM Radiotherapy SIG; EURADOS; BIR Radiation Physics & Dosimetry Committee. IPEM Nuclear Medicine SIG; IoP Nuclear Industry Group; ISO TC147 WG3 & WG4 (radioactivity measurements); BSI EH3 & EH3/8 (water quality); BSI NCE2 (Radiation protection and measurement - mirrors ISO/TC 85, ISO/TC 85/SC 2, IEC/TC 45/SC 45B and CLC/TC 45B). Dissemination and Exploitation Dissemination occurs through a range of mechanisms, for example:

training courses (e.g. the Practical Course in Reference Dosimetry, the NPL/IPEM course for medical physicists on radionuclide calibrators);

best practice (Standards, Good Practice Guides, Codes of Practice);

fora, e.g. the Airborne Radioactivity Monitoring Users' Group, Ionising Radiation Metrology Forum, Radionuclide Calibrator Users' Forum, Neutron Users Club; and

scientific publications and conference papers: AIR published 34 scientific papers in 2012 and 29 in 2013 (Web of Science), with a background trend that is still upwards.

Exploitation occurs through numerous mechanisms including: calibration services, new and improved measurement services, contract R&D, training, licences and patents. Key collaborations Collaborations with industrial, academic, RTOs and OGD are numerous on both a national and international scale. Collaborations occur through NMO sponsored, national and international collaborative projects and contract research. Acoustics: UCL, DFM, DEFRA, EMEC, Marine Scotland, Crown Estates,

Southampton University, CTBTO, MOD, DSTL, PTB, INRIM, LNE, UME, Institute of Cancer Research, Loughborough University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.

Dosimetry: IPEM National Cancer Research Institute Radiotherapy Trials Quality Assurance group, National Cancer Research Institute Clinical and Translational Radiotherapy, Royal Surrey County Hospital (Guildford), Elekta, Risø DTU, IBA, Clatterbridge, INFN.

Neutrons: IRSN, PTB, Euratom Lab IRMM, EDF, MOD, Lancaster University, University of Surrey, INFN, QinetiQ, PHE.

Radioactivity: University of Surrey, University of Loughborough; PTB; NIST; ENEA; IRMM; CMI, IFIN, CIEMAT, ISPRA, LNHB, NRPA, IRSN, Sellafield, MOD, RIMNET.


Collaborative projects The programme supports collaborative projects with co-funding from EMRP, FP7, TSB, and EU R4SME, and more specific funding mechanisms e.g NIHR i4i, MALSF, European Marine Energy Centre. With a diverse programme and a wide range of knowledge transfer and exploitation mechanisms the continual challenge is to ensure maximum impact of the programme and thus the benefit to the UK. Specific challenges are to:

prioritise knowledge transfer and exploitation activities, including responding to the changing economic, regulatory and environmental landscape, and maximise their effectiveness;

maintain a high level of high quality publications (and thus high quality science); and

further exploit other funding sources to enable growth in R&D.


Annexes Table 1: Acoustics and Ionising Radiation Roadmaps

Roadmap ref.

Theme Roadmap Figure ref.

AIR1 1 Acoustics – Sound in air Figure 1

AIR2 1 Acoustics - Underwater acoustics Figure 2

AIR3 1 Acoustics – Medical ultrasound Figure 3

AIR4 1 Acoustics – Industrial ultrasound Figure 4

AIR6 2 Radiation Dosimetry – Medical radiotherapy Figure 5

AIR7 2 Radiation Dosimetry – Industrial Figure 6

AIR8 3 Neutron Figure 7

AIR9 4 Radioactivity – Primary and secondary standards Figure 8

AIR10 4 Radioactivity – Health related radioactivity metrology Figure 9

AIR11 4 Radioactivity – Energy and environmental metrology Figure 10

It is noted that the roadmaps present aspirations for metrology capability development that are likely to exceed the available funding. Thus not all of the metrology capability identified will be developed, either at all or on the timescales indicated.


Figure 1: Theme 1 - Acoustics – Sound in air

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Acoustics - Sound in Air : 01-12 to 12-22

1. Health and safety (incl food safety)Support development of performance testing standards designed

to keep people and animals safe, and supporting the reduction in

animal testing through the validation of new types of testing

protocols.

2. DiagnosisDevelop measurement protocols and standards to enable disease

(including infectious disease) detection technologies to be

deployed and utilised with confidence.

3. Pollution and waste reductionEnable characterisation of wastes, to allow safe and secure

disposal within legal limits.

4. Advanced instrumentation and sensors

Last Change By: NPL\mr1 Last Change Date: 08 Jul 2014

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Human sound perception

0%

Noise epidemiology

0%

Auditory ergonomics

0%

Microphone and signal processing technologies

0%

Dose response relationships for noise and health

0%

Intelligent sensor systems and data fusion analysis

0%

Ear simulators for neonatal and objective audiometry

0%

Miniature acoustic transducers

0%

Multi-parameter sensor systems: data fusion and uncertainties

0%

Prototype measurement systems for sound perception studies

0%

Parameter based model of human perception of sound

0%

Calibration capability for airborne ultrasound

0%

ISO Standards for sound perception

0%

IEC standards for noise instruments

0%

MEMS measurement microphone adopted by industry

0%

IEC Standards for ear simulators for neonates and objective audiometry

0%

MEMS based embedded system toolkit

0%

Improved regulations and policies for noise exposure

0%

Affordable/accessible noise measurement for improved quality of life

0%

Traceability for hearing assessment, conservation and rehabilitation

0%

Traceability for all forms of acoustic measurement

0%

Primary Standards based on optical method over full frequency range

0%

Instrumentation and traceability for sound perception and quality

0%0%

0%

Laser doppler velocimetry and laser scanning vibrometry

0%

Photon correlation spectroscopy and acousto-optic methods

0%

Free field reciprocity calibration facility for microphone calibration

0%

Improving traceability of measurements via new optical-based standards

0%

Primary standard based on optical method over limited frequency range

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

0%

Measurement system for sound field visualisation


Figure 2: Theme 1 - Acoustics - Underwater acoustics

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Acoustics - Underwater acoustics : 01-12 to 12-25



2. Energy generation and distribution (large

scale)Provide support to improve the efficiency of existing energy

generation technologies, and next generation technologies

including renewables, and their connection to the National Grid.

3. National securityProvide standards and measurement methodologies to support

the security of citizens, infrastructure and utilities, intelligent

surveillance and border and data security.


Last Change By: NPL\mr1 Last Change Date: 19 Jun 2014

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2023

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2024

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2025

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2023

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2024

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2025

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2023

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2024

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2025

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2023

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2024

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2025

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2023

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2024

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2025

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2023

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2024

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2025

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Developments in sensor technology and materials

0%

Improved modelling, analysis, signal processing

0%

Development autonomous platforms and networks

0%

New high performance acoustic materials

0%

Acousto-optical techniques

0%

New sensors

0%

Network control

0%

Improved hardware for high quality noise monitoring

0%

Improved theoretical understanding of sources and propagation

0%

Improved acoustic techniques for harsh environments

0%

Acoustic systems for gas flux detection

0%

Sensors and platforms for oceanographic and defence measurement

0%

Validated procedures for measuring marine renewable energy sources

0%

Validated monitoring methods for ambient noise 0%

Improved performance testing of materials and sensors0%

Development of global ocean techniques

0%

Standards for calibration of digital autonomous systems

0%

Standards for measuring underwater ship noise

0%

Standard methods for noise mapping

0%

Standards for acoustic terminology

0%

New primary calibration using optical method

0%

Standards for calibration of vector sensors

0%

Improved characterisation of marine phenomena

0%

Improved ability to characterise acoustic fields0%

Validated acousto-optic field characterisation

0%

Marine environmental noise metrology in support of regulations

0%

Improved support for offshore industry and manufacturing

0%

Improved support for defence and security

0%

Improved support for oceanography and climate science

0%

Underwater acoustic metrology and industrial traceability

0%

Extension of free field standards to lower frequencies


Figure 3: Theme 1 - Acoustics – Medical ultrasound

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Acoustics - Ultrasound - Medical : 01-12 to 12-22




2. Drugs and therapiesEnable new drugs and therapies, and prognostic, diagnostic and

assistive technologies to be brought to the market quicker and at

lower cost, consistent with regulation.




protocols.


Last Change By: NPL\mr1 Last Change Date: 13 Mar 2014

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

P

0%

Understand forces on a single bubble in acoustic and optical fields

0%

Understand acoustic emission from single and multi-bubble structures

0%

Establish fundamental metrics for imaging performance

0%

Understanding of tolerance of different tissues to exposure

0%

Knowledge of acoustic & viscoelastic behaviour, especially of tissues

0%

Advantages and disadvantages of competing technologies understood

0%

3D nonlinear computer model to calculate exposure and dose

0%

Open-architecture pulse-echo ultrasound generation and analysis system

0%

Manufacturing capability for structured materials

0%

Technologies for targeted measurement methods

0%

Microbubble creation and manipulation facilities

0%

Computer model of imaging process

0%

Customised materials ; phantoms for thermal and other dose assessment

0%

Validated models for predicting in-situ exposure and dose

0%

Traceable measurement methods for ultrasound exposure and dose

0%

Image quality phantoms suitable for modern scanners

0%

Calibration and test methods: extended ranges & rapid QA testing

0%

Methods, materials databases and phantoms for quantitative imaging

0%

Measurement & safety standards, guidelines and QA protocols

0%

Measurements of in situ field and medium properties using microbubbles

0%

Improved measurement capability adopted by extended user group

0%

Improved therapies: microbubble drug delivery

0%

Improved diagnostic modalities: calibrated quantitative imaging

0%

Improved therapies: validated treatment planning protocols

0%

Effect of exposure and dose on tissue viability and function

0%

Improved diagnostic modalities: safe use and improved image quality


Figure 4: Theme 1 - Acoustics – Industrial ultrasound

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Acoustics - Ultrasound - Industrial : 01-12 to 10-21

1. High value manufacturing and bioproducts 2. Process control and efficiencySupport the introduction of more sustainable products, materials

and processes, by providing objective methods of process

control and performance evaluation, including support for whole

life cycle analysis.

3. Condition monitoring 4. Advanced instrumentation and sensors


2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3Q

4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3Q

4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Devices and facilities for characterising hydrodynamic cavitation

0%

Theoretical modelling of acoustic fields, sensors, bubble dynamics

0%

Parameters and methods for high power fields and degree of cavitation

0%

Methods for assessing effectiveness of acoustic cavitation

0%

High sensitivity optical methods

0%

Correlated acoustic emission methods

0%

New pyroelectric sensors and methods for industrial acoustic imaging

0%

Development of simple acoustic, standard soil, chemical and QA methods

0%

New generation of reference cavitation sensors

0%

Validated cavitation methods and parameters at surfaces and in bulk

0%

Resonator and reverberant methods

0%

Bubble cavitating facility for evaluating cavitation detection methods

0%

Validation of laboratory test methods for cavitation effectiveness

0%

New sensors for megasonic applications

0%

Comparison of material property measurements

0%

Robust evidential measurement methods for flow cavitation

0%

Validated pyroelectric-based industrial acoustic imaging methods

0%

Reference facilities for repeatable acoustic cavitation

0%

Portable acoustic cavitation transfer standard

0%

Robust methods to quantify and monitor cavitation in industry

0%

Intercomparison of acoustic cavitation measurement methods

0%

Broadband techniques for attenuation, B/A, scattering, speed of sound

0%

Reference sensors, coupling methods and flow cavitation facility

0%

Reference sensors and methods for measuring acoustic cavitation

0%

Validated methods of measurement of material acoustic properties

0%

Validated sensors and methods for ultrasonic monitoring and imaging

0%

Validated sensors, techniques and parameters for cavitation monitoring

0%

Standards for quantifying degree of cavitation and process efficiency


Figure 5: Theme 2 - Radiation Dosimetry – Medical radiotherapy

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Dosimetry - Radiotherapy : 01-12 to 12-21







protocols.

3. Advanced instrumentation and sensors 4. Process control and efficiencySupport the introduction of more sustainable products, materials

and processes, by providing objective methods of process

control and performance evaluation, including support for whole

life cycle analysis.


2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Radiation chemistry and radiation biology

0%

New facilities & techniques for dosimetry in strong magnetic fields

0%

New calorimeters and absorbed dose methods and thermal modelling

0%

Development of techniques for radionuclide dosimetry

0%

Improved 2D and 3D dosimetry techniques

0%

Development of techniques for micro dosimetry and radiobiology

0%

Audit techniques and phantoms for IMRT, FFF, small field dosimetry

0%

Audit techniques and phantoms for hadron therapy

0%

Secondary Standards for IMRT, FFF, small field dosimetry

0%

Absorbed dose standards for kV x-rays

0%

Definition of new biologically related quantities

0%

Standards for Molecular Radiotherapy (MRT)

0%

Techniques for quantification and visualization-of radicals

0%

New Brachytherapy Calorimeter. Primary standard

0%

New photon, electron and proton calorimeters. Primary standards

0%

New small field and IMRT Calorimeter Primary standard

0%

Standards for combined MRI - LINAC facilities

0%

Reduced dosimetry uncertainty and improved treatment outcomes

0%

Standards for new biologically based quantities

0%

Mathematical modelling

0%

Calorimetry and ionometry

0%

Provision of standards and traceability for emerging therapies


Figure 6: Theme 2 - Radiation Dosimetry – Industrial

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Dosimetry - Industrial : 01-12 to 12-20

1. Health and safety (incl food safety)Support development of performance testing standards designed to keep people and animals safe, and supporting the reduction in animal testing

through the validation of new types of testing protocols.

2. Drugs and therapiesEnable new drugs and therapies, and prognostic, diagnostic and assistive technologies to be brought to the market quicker and at lower cost,

consistent with regulation.

3. High value manufacturing and bioproducts 4. Performance of advanced ICT systems (incl space based)Enable systems evaluation and modelling to support the development of smart infrastructures.


2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Mathematical modelling (radiation transport and heat flow)

0%

Dosimetry uncertainty based methods for statistical process control

0%

Techniques for HDR kV/MV x-ray beams, inc. standards & beam specifiers

0%

Techniques for low energy (80 – 200 keV) electron beam dosimetry

0%

Cryogenic irradiation facilities

0%

Development of standards for ion beam hardness testing

0%

ISO standardised protocols for uncertainty based process control

0%

Standards & protocols for high dose rate 80-200 keV electron dosimetry

0%

Standards & protocols for high dose rate kV & MV x-ray dosimetry

0%

New services and protocols for low temperature dosimetry

0%

Standards & protocols for ion beam dosimetry for radiation hardness

0%

Sterilisation of devices with active pharmaceuticals / biologics

0%

Improved radiation hardness testing for aerospace & defence industries

0%

Innovation in advanced materials: dosimetry controlled polymerisation

0%

Calorimetry

0%

Radiation chemistry

0%

Developed irradiation facilities: LINAC, x-ray, isotope irradiators


Figure 7: Theme 3 - Neutron

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Radioactivity - Neutron : 01-12 to 12-22








protocols.

3. National securityProvide standards and measurement methodologies to support

the security of citizens, infrastructure and utilities, intelligent

surveillance and border and data security.



2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Absolute radioactivity counting

0%

Radiobiological expertise

0%

Nuclear data evaluation capabilities and supporting measurements

0%

Organic semiconductors and advanced materials

0%

Quantification of angle effects in neutron personal dosimetry

0%

Neutron detectors using organic semiconductors

0%

Higher energy and pulsed field spectrometry

0%

Criticality dosemeter testing expertise

0%

Capabilities for cosmic ray and high energy dosimetry

0%

Detectors for cosmic rays

0%

Broad energy range spectra

0%

Time of flight techniques in use

0%

Radiobiological experiments

0%

Radiation hardness testing capability

0%

High energy dosimetry for radiation protection

0%

Absolute source emission rates (Mn bath) - primary standard

0%

Criticality dosemeter testing - high doses

0%

Fluence standards for nuclear data for new build

0%

Improved techniques for measuring neutron dose

0%

Improved field measurement capability

0%

UK radiation hardness testing capability: improving safety

0%

Protection measurements at Hadron therapy facilities

0%

Forecast solar effects in cosmic ray dosimetry

0%

Neutron standards for power generation

0%

Improved radiation protection and security through neutron standards

0%

Metrology for security and safeguards0%

Improved radiobiological data for neutrons for radiation protection

0%

Measurement standards: underpinning characterisation of instruments

0%

Neutron production & detection capability - underpinning standards

0%

Spectrometry / Detection

0%

Improved calculations for radiation transport and validation

0%

Better characterisation of instruments

0%

Improved commercial devices for neutron dosimetry

0%

Fluence standards for nuclear data for existing build

0%

Monte Carlo modelling


Figure 8: Theme 4 - Radioactivity – Primary and secondary standards

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Radioactivity - Primary and secondary standards : 01-12 to 12-22

1. Standards and regulation (future) 2. traceability and uncertainty (current) 3. Extension of SI (in the broad sense) 4. Health and safety (incl food safety)Support development of performance testing standards designed



protocols.


2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

NPL maintains international equivalence and CMCs in radioactivity

0%

NPL meets radioactivity measurement needs of all users

0%

New high pressure proportional counter

0%

Triple to double coincidence counting for new markets / portable TDCR

0%

Validation of new coincidence counting software

0%

Maintain and expand suite of primary standardisation techniques

0%

Primary standardisation with short half life

0%

Primary gas counting

0%

Contributions to BIPM comparisons and to the SIR

0%

Nuclear data

0%

Process automation

0%

Surface contamination monitoring uniformity testing & standards

0%

Cost effective delivery of secondary standards

0%

Improved uncertainties in activity measurement

0%

Improved correction factors

0%

Improved digital coincidence counting (DCC)

0%

Defined solid angle counting

0%

New small bolometers

0%

Improvement of efficiencies for low energy beta

0%

New electronics for ion chamber systems

0%

Source uniformity. Surface characterisation

0%

Improved multiwire proportional counters

0%

Primary standards

0%

Monte Carlo modelling (simulation of detectors)

0%

Mass spectrometry


Figure 9: Theme 4 - Radioactivity – Health related radioactivity metrology

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Radioactivity - Health Related Radioactivity Metrology : 01-12 to 12-22










protocols.



2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2022

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

World class standards adopted for nuclear medicine in the UK

0%

Facilities to provide world leading nuclear medicine support

0%

Generation and validation of calibration factors

0%

In-situ standardisation of short lived PET nuclides

0%

Protocols for verification of imaging modalities (PET, SPECT, PET-CT)

0%

Protocol for TRT to give traceability to a primary standard

0%

Radioactivity standards and phantoms

0%

Improved accuracy of ion chamber measurements

0%

Standards for quantitative imaging in TRT & diagnostics

0%

Standardisation of short lived nuclides

0%

Characterisation of behaviour of radionuclide calibrators

0%

Very low level mass spectrometry for activity & impurity determination

0%

Modelling - Monte Carlo

0%

Patient up-take and retention measurement for TRT

0%

Training and dissemination - Guidance on measurements in the real worl...

0%

Protocol for calibration of medical radionuclides calibrators

0%

NPL secondary standard well-type ion chamber

0%

Primary and secondary standards

0%

Standards and traceability for distributed activity & nuclear imaging


Figure 10: Theme 4 - Radioactivity – Energy and environmental metrology

Acoustics & Ionising Radiation : Radioactivity - Energy and Environmental Metrology : 01-12 to 12-21










protocols.



2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2012

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2014

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2018

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2019

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2020

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Targ

ets

Del

iver

able

sTe

chn

olo

gies

Enab

ling

Scie

nce

0%

Modelling techniques

0%

New nuclear data

0%

In-situ assay techniques

0%

In-situ measurement technologies and instrumentation

0%

New techniques for radioactive gases

0%

Radionuclide measurements of different gaseous forms

0%

Nuclear forensics metrology support including Mass Spectrometry

0%

NDT for characterisation and assay of actinide species

0%

In-situ techniques - standardisation

0%

Certified reference materials as specified by regulators

0%

Standardisations of radionuclides for environmental applications

0%

Environmental radioactivity proficiency test exercises

0%

Low level radioactivity metrology for nuclear and non-nuclear industry

0%

In-situ cost effective and safe techniques to support waste management

0%

Nuclear forensic capability

0%

Protection from radioactive & nuclear hazards

0%

Primary standards for aerosols

0%

Long half-life data

0%

Detector technologies


Figure 11: Approximate split of AIR programme by theme

Figure 12: Approximate split of programme activity by sector


Acronyms

AIR Acoustics & Ionising Radiation

ASTM American Society Testing and Materials

BIPM Bureau International des Poids et Measures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures)

BSI British Standards Institution

CCAUV Consultative Committee for Acoustics Ultrasound and Vibration

CCRI Comité Consultatif des Rayonnements Ionisants (Consultative Committee for Ionising Radiation)

CEN European Committee for Standardisation

CIEMAT Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain

CMC Calibration and Measurement Capability

CMI Czech Metrology Institute

CTBTO Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organisation

DCC Digital coincidence counting

DECC Department of Energy and Climate Change (UK)

Defra Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (UK)

DFM Danish Institute of Fundamental Metrology

DH Department of Health (UK)

DTU Technical University of Denmark

EC European Commission

EMEC European Marine Energy Centre

EMPIR European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research

EMRP European Metrology Research Programme

EN European Standard (Norm Européenne)

ENEA Italian National agency for new technologies, energy and sustainable economic development

ESWG Extension of the SIR (International Reference System) Working Group (CCRI)

EU European Union

EURADOS European Radiation Dosimetry Group

EURAMET European Association of National Metrology Institutes

EURAMET TC-AUV European Association of National Metrology Technical Committee of Acoustics Ultrasound and Vibration

EURAMET TC-IR European Association of National Metrology Technical Committee of Ionising Radiation

EURATOM European Atomic Energy Committee

FFF Flattening Filter Free

FP7 Seventh Framework Programme (EC Programme)

GES Good Environmental Status

HDR High Dose Rate

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

IBA IBA Group

IEA International Energy Agency

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEC SC International Electrotechnical Commission Sub-Committee

IFIN Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering – (IFIN HH), Romania

IMRT Intensity-modulated radiation therapy

INFN Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy)

INRIM Instituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologia (Italy)

IoP Institute of Physics

IPEM Institute of Physics & Engineering in Medicine

IRMM Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (European Commission)

IRSN Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (France)

ISO International Organization for Standardisation

KCWG Key Comparison Working Group

LINAC Linear accelerator


LNE Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais

LNHB Laboratoire National de Henri Becqerel (French NMI for Radioactivity)

MALSF Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund

MEMS Microelectromechanical system

MOD Ministry of Defence

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRT Molecular Radiotherapy

MSFD Marine Strategy Framework Directive

NDT Non-destructive testing

NEA Nuclear Energy Agency

NIHR i4i National Institute for Health Research Invention for Innovation

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA)

NMO National Measurement Office

NMS National Measurement System

NPL National Physical Laboratory

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OGDs Other Government Departments

PET Positron Emission Tomography

PET-CT Positron Emission Tomography – computed tomography

PTB Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt

QA Quality Assurance

R4SME Research for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (EC Programme)

RIMNET Radioactive Incident Monitoring Network

RTO Research and Technology Organisation

SI Système International

SIG Special Interest Group (IPEM)

SIR International Reference System

SPECT Single photon emission computed tomography

TC Technical Committee

TDCR Triple to double coincidence ratio

TIWG SIR (International Reference System) Transfer Instrument Working Group (CCRI)

TRT Targeted radiotherapy

TSB Technology Strategy Board

UCL University College of London

UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service

UME Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (National Metrology Institute, Turkey)

WG Working Group

national measurement system acoustics and ionising...

Documents