national environmental satellite, data, and information service noaa’s goes system: status and...
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National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
NOAA’s GOES System: Status and Plans
G. Dittberner, J. Gurka, M. Crison, P. Mulligan,P. Taylor, J. Periera, and J. Yoe (NOAA/NESDIS)
MAXI Review 2001
Transition to the Future
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1994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
GOES-12
GOES-11
GOES-10
GOES-9
GOES-8
0 yr 0 mo
1 yr 4 mo
4 yr 4 mo
3 yr 2 mo
7 yr 4 mo
Storage Operational Beyond 5 years Full 5 years
GOES SatellitesCurrent Status as of 9/4/2001
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GOES 12
Launched July 12, 2001Checkout to be complete: December 2001Same instruments as GOES 9-11 except:
13.3 micron channel replaces 12.0 6.7 micron resolution improved to 4 kmSolar X-Ray Imager (SXI)
1st continuous operational Solar X-Ray images4 X-Ray energy bandsImages as often as every few minutes
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First Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) Image, September 7, 2001
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GOES Launch Planning
Spacecraft Spacecraft Availability
Date
Planning Launch
Date
GOES-N Jan 2003 Jan 2003
GOES-O Apr 2004 Apr 2005
GOES-P Apr 2006 Apr 2007
GOES-R Apr 2010 Apr 2012
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GOES Imager EvolutionGOES - QGOES - PGOES - OGOES - NGOES - MGOES - LGOES - 10GOES - 9GOES - 8Chan.
Vis
3.9
6.7
10.7
12
13.3
8 Km x 8 Km4 Km x 4 Km1 Km x 1 Km1 x 1 km 4 x 4 km 8 x 8 km
Figure 1. GOES Imager Channels
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GOES infrared imagery animation of hurricane Mitch6:45 PM October 26 - 5:30 PM CST on October 27, 1998
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The onset of La NinaJune 8 – September 8, 1998
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GOES Sounder Lifted IndexGOES Sounder Lifted Index
July 24, 2000 severe July 24, 2000 severe weather outbreak across weather outbreak across South Dakota and South Dakota and Nebraska produces hail, Nebraska produces hail, tornadoes, flash flooding tornadoes, flash flooding and damaging windsand damaging winds Lifted Index Product Lifted Index Product
shows unstable air shows unstable air (brown) growing as it (brown) growing as it extends south to north extends south to north across the outbreak across the outbreak areaarea
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GOES N-Q Status
Spacecraft (Boeing Space Systems, formerly Hughes) GOES-N Spacecraft
In system testing and preparation for thermal vacuum tests GOES-O spacecraft
Bus Module Integration and testing completed
Imagers and Sounders (ITT) GOES-N Imagers and Sounder received at BSS GOES-O Imagers and Sounder received at BSS GOES- P Imagers and Sounders in integration and testing
Solar X-Ray Imagers – SXI (LMATC) GOES-N SXI in environmental testing
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GOES-R: ABI
12 channel large focal plane array.5 km VIS resolution2 km IR resolution15 minute full disk5 minute CONUS1000 x 1000 km/30 sec
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GOES-R: ABS
5 times faster than present Sounder;Scan the region within 62 deg. of satellite zenith/ 1 hr
(but only scan half the region of overlap between the east and west birds)
Approaching radiosonde quality in clear areas10 km horizontal resolution1K, 10% RH accuracy/ .5km layer (sfc–500 hp)1K, 10% RH accuracy/ 1-2 km layer (500-300 hp)1K, 20% RH accuracy/1-2 km layer (300-100 hp)
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GOES Users’ Conference
May 22 – 25, 2001Boulder, CO: NIST AuditoriumApproximately 200 participants
Government Commercial interestsAcademiaScientific organizationsInternational
Briefings and summaries at FTP site:ftp://140.90.233.11
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GOES Users’ Conference
Goals:Inform users of future capabilities and applicationsDetermine user needs for:
New productsDistribution of GOES dataData archiving and access to stored data Instruments of opportunityAccess to sample data sets (prior to launch of next series)Future training
Assess user and societal benefitsImprove communication between NESDIS and users
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GOES Users’ Conference Recommendations
At least 12 Imager channels, but preferably 14 needed to meet requirements of large user cross section
Full disk Imager coverage every 5 minutes4 km footprint needed for SounderRapid Scan option needed for SounderAlgorithm and product development need to be funded as
part of the satellite acquisition packageUsers’ need sample data sets prior to launchDifferent levels of data distribution neededCommunication between NESDIS and users must
continue
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Long Range Integrated Satellite Transition
CY 99
00
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
03
08
09
10
01
02
07
04
05
06
Local Eq
uato
rial C
rossin
g T
ime
0730- 1030
0530
1330
DMSP
NPOESS
POES
Aqua
C2 or C1N’
F20
NPOESS
DMSP
POES
NPP
Terra
METOP
F16
N
M
F17 F19F15
F18
L (16)
WindSat
19
GEO
East
West
GIFTS
POLAR
Earliest Availability Need
GIFTS/IOMI
C3
NPOESS
NPOESS
C1 or C2
GOES – R Series
GOES – R Series
20 21
Inte
gra
ted
Syste
m
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Enhance Operational Satellite Sensing Systems
Objective 1: Develop and implement a comprehensive process to identify, characterize, verify, and validate environmental satellite observation requirements
Outcome: An efficient, cost effective process which solicits, updates, documents and analyzes from a cost benefit perspective user requirements for application to the design of current and future satellite systems.
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NOAA Missions
Mission Requirements
Summary Level Requirements
System Level Requirements
Potential System Solutions
Acquisition Requirements
Generic Requirements Flow
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Observation-Specific Requirements Flow
Process Products People
LO/Agency Requirements
Documents
System ORDs
TRDs, Specs, etc
NOAA Requirements
Group
Individual AAs
Summary Level
Requirement Documents
Cost Benefit Studies NESDIS
NOAA Requirements
Council
Program Office
Collect&
Justify
Cost Benefit Analyses
Validate&
Approve
NOAA Missions
Mission Requirements
Observation Requirements
Satellite Obs Requirements
Atmosphere
Space
Ocean
Land
Cryosphere Potential System Solutions
System X Requirements
Other Missions
Other Missions
Other Missions
System X Acquisition Documents
Implement
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Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL)
Global Winds are top unmet NPOESS EDR Current and Future Planned Wind Observations
Radiosondes, dropsondes, & radar wind profilers (+) Accurate; high vertical resolution (-) Limited in number, coverage, and horizontal resolution
Aircraft winds (ACARS) (+) Accurate (-) Limited to single height along flight paths
GOES image tracked winds (+) Excellent horizontal/temporal resolution (-) Coarse height resolution; associated height assignment errors
Expect improvement with GIFTS DWL best candidate to COMPLETE the wind observing system
(+) Expected to be provide accuracy, spatial resolution, and coverage (-) Lacks space heritage
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To make DWL space ready Develop key components
Efficient Laser TransmitterOptical subsystemsDoppler Receiver
Heterodyne - detect aerosol motion; or
Direct - detect molecular motion
Possible DWL Missions Atmospheric Dynamics Mission
(ADM) scheduled for 2006 (ESA) Japan plans DWL on the ISS Global Tropospheric Wind
Sounder (USA) Being explored as a Data Buy NASA/NOAA Draft Threshold
Data Requirement to be completed September 30, 2001
Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) - Continued
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Typical Orbits
Polar Satellites
Fairbanks,
Geostationary Satellites
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Concepts for the Future
New OrbitsNon-typical orbits may provide potential opportunities to
meet unmet requirementsL1 orbits for space weather and communicationsMEO orbits for possible environmental sensingMolniya orbits for possible measurements during transits of near
Earth space
New concepts for cost avoidance and flexibilitySmall SatellitesClusters
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Non-Keplerian Orbits The use of advanced propulsion permits orbital positions to be maintained in artificial Lagrange points.
Examples of these include the sub-Lagrangian points on the Sun-Earth line which are closer to the Sun than L1.
This allows increasing lead time in geomagnetic storm warning, and is the proposed orbit of the Geostorms mission.
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Statites(Polar Stationary or Pole Sitters)
Sun
N
S
N
S
Summersolstice
Wintersolstice
L1
L1
Sail
Sail
Earth
Earth
Orbits are raised out of the place of the ecliptic so that the Earth’s polar regions are continually below (or above) in the satellites’ field of view.
Technologies required: advanced propulsion - 10s of km/sec/year acceleration are needed to keep on station.
Leading candidate is the solar sail – transfers momentum of solar photons into a propulsive force (continuous supply of fuel from the Sun).
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9/27/00 8
ATC GOES System Architectures
Optional FFP/Ls for future technology insertion or other missions
FormationFlying Central Node(FFCN)
Intersatellite links for power and data
from 3/98 Aerospace Corp. Study
Consolidated Architecture
• Current Architecture• Multiple Critical payloads
per S/C
Distributed Architecture
• Future architecture option• One primary payload per S/C
- Imager- Infrared Sounder- Microwave Sounder
GOES West GOES East GOES West GOES EastGOES West GOES East
Imager and SounderPayloads(FFP/Ls)
Formation Flying (FF)or “Flexible”Architecture
GOES Flexible Architecture StudyRecommendation
Solar array
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Summary
Where We Are… Present Geo satellites critical to weather forecasting GOES-R acquisition underway to meet future needs for:
Improved spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution
A NOAA-NASA team is now fine tuning requirements
Next Steps: beyond GOES R Enhance and unify requirements generation process Must satisfy requirements for broad cross section of user
community NOAA will consider alternative orbits such as:
Molniya, MEO, and non-Keplerian orbits
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