national elevator industry, inc....2010/04/12 · 1.0 introduction the following represent typical...

National Elevator Industry, Inc. CODE & SAFETY OFFICE 37 Woodbine Park • Geneseo, New York 14454 • 585.302.0813 Fax: 585.302.0841

WWW.NEII.ORG • E-Mail: [email protected]

NEII ASSOCIATION HEADQUARTERS

1677 County Route 64 • P.O. Box 838 • Salem, New York 12865-0838 • 518.854.3100 Fax: 518-854-3257

Minutes

NEII PERFORMANCE STANDARDS COMMITTEE APRIL 12, 2010

1. Call to Order.

Chairman Joe Busse called the meeting to order at 1:00 PM. 2. Record of Attendance.

Name Company Brian Black NEII Code and Safety Consultant Barry Blackaby Otis Elevator Company Joe Busse Fujitec America Robert Caporale Elevator World Tricia Derwinski Otis Elevator Company Doug Henderson ThyssenKrupp Elevator Corp John Weber KONE, Inc

3. Announcements.

Brian Black noted that Jay Popp has replaced Quentin Bates as the committee IAEC member. The committee asked Brian Black to send Quent a letter of appreciation for his contributions.

4. Adoption of Agenda.

The agenda and supplemental agenda posted on the committee website were adopted.

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5. Approval of Minutes of the April 1, 2009 Meeting.

The minutes posted on the committee website were approved. 6. Personnel.

Please see Attachment #1 for a copy of the Committee Roster. Members are requested to advise Brian Black of any corrections that are required.

7. Energy Efficiency Standard.

a. Current NEII-1 Energy Efficiency requirements. The committee reviewed the current NEII-1 requirements (Attachment #2). b. ICC International Green Construction Code (IgCC) elevator requirements.

A complete copy of Version 1.0 of the ICC International Green Construction Code can be downloaded at http://www.iccsafe.org/CS/IGCC/Pages/default.aspx. The committee discussed the proposed IgCC elevator and escalator requirements (Attachment #3).

c. Committee April 2009 LEED premises.

The committee reviewed Attachment #4 and determined the document has been supplanted by the committee’s current work.

d. Review of ISO TC 178/WG-10 Energy Efficiency Standard.

Barry Blackaby reported that ISO has become a long and political process. He recommended that NEII-1 proceed with developing our new requirements independent of the ISO work.

f. Development of NEII-1 Energy Efficiency Standards.

The Committee reviewed a draft Energy Efficiency document prepared by Barry Blackaby as compared with the IgCC and ASHRAE proposals (Attachment #5). The committee then drafted new elevator/escalator energy efficiency standards for NEII-1 that may also be offered to replace the IgCC and ASHRAE proposals (Attachment #6). Brian Black noted any ICC text must be written in mandatory language.

http://www.iccsafe.org/CS/IGCC/Pages/default.aspx�

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8. ISO 18738 Part 2 Escalator Ride Quality Measurement Standard.

Tricia Derwinski reported WG 9 met last week. There were graphics done by ISO that conflicted with the text; these are being corrected by WG members. She will post the latest draft on NEII Talk.

To view latest drafts on NEII Talk click on the following link: http://www.neii.org/forum/messageview.cfm?catid=11&threadid=201.

9. Time and Place for Next Meeting.

Joe Busse suggested we schedule the next meeting when one is needed and that we use the web/teleconference format.

10. Adjournment. The meeting adjourned at 4:00 PM. Attachments: 1. Committee Roster 2. NEII-1 Energy Efficiency Standards (2006) 3. ICC International Green Construction Code elevator section 4. Committee April 2009 LEED premises 5. Blackaby NEII-1 proposal/IgCC-ASHRAE comparison 6. Draft NEII-1 Energy Efficiency Standards (2010)

http://www.neii.org/forum/messageview.cfm?catid=11&threadid=201�

Performance Standards Committee

Name BRIAN BLACK

Title NEII CODE AND SAFETY CONSULTANT

Company BDBLACK CODES

Address 37 WOODBINE PARK

City GENESEO State NY Zip Code 14454

E-Mail [email protected]

725

Notes

SecretaryCategory

Phone 1 302-0813 Extension

Phone 2 237-5965

Fax 1

Mobile 354-6772585Area Number Area Number

585 585

Name BARRY BLACKABY

Title MANAGER OF WORLD WIDE ELECTRICAL CODES

Company OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY

Address FIVE FARM SPRINGS ROAD

City FARMINGTON State CT Zip Code 06032


425

Notes Alternate Member NEII Performance Standards Committee for ISO Activites

MemberCategory


Phone 2

Fax 1 998-3293Mobile

860Area Number Area Number

860

Name JOSEPH BUSSE

Title EXECUTIVE CHIEF ENGINEER, INTERNAL AUDITOR

Company FUJITEC AMERICA, INC.

Address 7258 INNOVATION WAY

City MASON State OH Zip Code 45040


300

Notes

ChairCategory


Phone 2

Fax 1 933-5582Mobile 739-0802


513513

203

Friday, March 19, 2010 Page 1 of 4

ATTACHMENT #1 Page 1 of 4


Name ROBERT CAPORALE

Title EDITOR

Company ELEVATOR WORLD, INC.

Address P. O. BOX 6507

City MOBILE State AL Zip Code 36660


186

Notes Liaison member NEII Performance Standards Committee representing Elevator World

MemberCategory


Phone 2 479-4514

Fax 1 479-7043Mobile 510-4564


251251251

Name TRICIA DERWINSKI

Title PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS ENGINEER

Company OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY

Address FIVE FARM SPRINGS ROAD

City FARMINGTON State CT Zip Code 06032-2567


276

Notes Alternate member NEII Performance Standards Committee

AlternateCategory


Phone 2



860

Name DOUG HENDERSON

Title ENGINEER

Company THYSSENKRUPP ELEVATOR CORPORATION


City MIDDLETON State TN Zip Code 38052


624

Notes

MemberCategory

Phone 1

Extension

Phone 2

Fax 1 376-1913Mobile 652-3649

Area Number Area Number

731901




Name JAY POPP

Title EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT

Company LERCH, BATES & ASSOCIATES INC.

Address 8089 S. LINCOLIN STREET, SUITE 300

City LITTLETON State CO Zip Code 80122


202

Notes Liaison member NEII Performance Standards Committee representing IAEC

MemberCategory


Phone 2

Fax 1 797-7109Mobile 881-3588


303303

Name VINCENT P. ROBIBERO

Title NORTH AMERICAN CODE CONSULTANT

Company SCHINDLER ELEVATOR CORPORATION


City MORRISTOWN State NJ Zip Code 07962-1935


53

Notes

MemberCategory


Phone 2

Fax 1 397-6141Mobile 216-8030


973973

Name MARVIN W. SCHUMACHER

Title PRESIDENT

Company SCHUMACHER ELEVATOR COMPANY


City DENVER State IA Zip Code 50622


11

Notes Liason member NEII Performance Standards Committee representing NAEC

MemberCategory


Phone 2



319




Name JOHN WEBER

Title ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT TECHNICAL SERVICES

Company KONE INC.

Address ONE KONE COURT

City MOLINE State IL Zip Code 61265-


274

Notes

MemberCategory


Phone 2 764-6771 5450

Fax 1 743-5454Mobile 781-4116


309309309

Name DOUGLAS A. WITHAM

Title VICE PRESIDENT

Company G. A. L. MANUFACTURING CORP.

Address 50 EAST 153 STREET

City BRONX State NY Zip Code 10451


389

Notes Liason alternate member NEII Performance Standards Committee representing NAEC

AlternateCategory


Phone 2



718



ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS

1.0 INTRODUCTION The following represent typical nominal system efficiency of new traction elevators, hydraulic elevators and escalator systems. Unless otherwise specified, the operational factors shall be determined at: - rated speed - rated load - rated voltage Temperature attained at a 35% duty factor for 1 h. Efficiency is the ratio of output power to total input power. Output power is equal to input power minus the losses. Therefore, if two of the three variables (output, input, losses) are known the efficiency can be determined by one of the following equations:

powerinputpoweroutputEff =

powerinputlosses

powerinputlossespowerinputEff −=

−= 1

lossespoweroutputpoweroutputEff+

=

Elevator and escalator system efficiency must take into account all the factors that contribute to losses, not just motors but the other elements of the drive system. Typical system efficiencies are indicated below. 2.0 HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR (DIRECT ACTING/SINGLE STAGE) (2500 lb, 125ft/m, 24 ft Rise), (1000 kg, 0.63 m/s, 7.0 m Rise): SYSTEM

SUBMERSIBLE EFFICIENCY

DRY EFFICIENCY

Overall Efficiency

(2)

0.47

0.52

3.0 GEARED ELEVATOR (REGENERATIVE STATIC DC DRIVE) (NON-REGENERATIVE VVVF DRIVE)( MOTOR GENERATOR DRIVE) (3500 lb, 350 ft/m, 108 ft Rise), (1600 kg, 1.75 m/s, 33 m Rise): SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

(SCR) EFFICIENCY

(VVVF) EFFICIENCY

MG Overall Efficiency

(3)

0.55

0.56

0.51

(1)

4.0 GEARLESS ELEVATOR (REGENERATIVE STATIC DC DRIVE) (MOTOR GENERATOR DRIVE) REGENERATIVE (VVVF DRIVE ) (3500 lb, 700 ft/m, 168 ft Rise), (1600 kg, 3.5 m/s, 50 m Rise): SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

(SCR) EFFICIENCY

(VVVF) EFFICIENCY

MG Overall Efficiency

(4)

0.67

0.67

0.65

(1)

© 2000-2006, National Elevator Industry, Inc., Salem, NY Page 4 - 24 18-Oct-06


http://www.neii.org/neii-1/neii-1.cfm

ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS

5.0 ESCALATOR (24 TO 40 in. Wide, 100 ft/m, 17 ft Rise), (600 to 1000 mm Wide, 0.5 m/s, 5 m Rise): SYSTEM EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY Gear Reducer Worm Helical Overall Efficiency

(5)

0.53

0.62

NOTES: 1. The MG set does not take into account idle time. 2. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: motor, pump, valve, muffler, pressure pipe (to/from line), jack and hoistway. 3. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: isolation transformer, static drive, motor, gearbox, choke, and hoistway (1:1). 4. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: isolation transformer, static drive, machine, choke and hoistway (1:1). 5. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: motor, drive control, gear reducer, truss drive friction (losses) and handrail drives.

© 2000-2006, National Elevator Industry, Inc., Salem, NY 18-Oct-06 Page 4 - 25


http://www.neii.org/neii-1/neii-1.cfm

IGCC Public Version 1.0 Page 87

manufacturer’s installation instructions and the provisions and terms of their listing, the International Energy Conservation Code, International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, International Plumbing Code and International Building Code, and shall be provided with controls and energy monitoring systems as required by this code. Compliance shall be documented, verified and approved by the code official during field inspection.

610.2.1 Elevators. Elevator systems shall comply with sections 610.2.1.1 through 610.2.1.2.3.

610.2.1.1 Lighting. Light sources for the cab interior shall have an efficacy greater than or equal to 50 lumens/watt.

610.2.1.2 Power conversion system. Power conversion systems for traction elevators shall comply with sections 610.2.1.2.1 through 610.2.1.2.3. Non-traction elevator systems shall have equivalent efficiency. Elevators moving for less than 0.5 hours/day are exempt from the power conversion system requirements.

610.2.1.2.1 Motor. Either induction motors with a Class IE2 efficiency rating, as defined by IEC EN 60034-30, or alternative technologies, such as permanent magnet synchronous motors that have equal or better efficiency, shall be used.

610.2.1.2.2 Transmission. Transmissions shall not reduce the efficiency of the combined motor/transmission below that shown for the Class IE2 motor. Gearless machines are assumed to have 100 percent transmission efficiency.

610.2.1.2.3 Drive. Potential energy released during motion shall be recovered.

610.2.1.3 Ventilation. Cab ventilation fans shall have an efficacy greater than or equal to 3.0 CFM per watt (0.085 m3/min./watt).

610.2.1.4 Standby mode. When the elevator is stopped, not occupied, and with doors closed, lighting, ventilation, and car displays shall be capable of being de-energized within 5 minutes of stopping, and re-energized prior to opening the doors. Power will cease to be applied to the door motor after the elevator is stopped, lighting is de-energized, and no one is in the car, and re-energized upon the next passenger arrival. In buildings with multiple elevators serving the same floors, one or more elevators shall switch to sleep, low power, mode during periods of low traffic.

610.2.1.5 Guides. All elevator car guides shall be of the roller type, in order to reduce frictional energy losses. Counterweights with sliding guides shall be balanced in order to minimize frictional losses associated with the counterweight guides.

610.2.2 Escalators and moving walkways. Escalators and moving walkways shall comply with Sections 610.2.2.1 through 610.2.2.5.

610.2.2.1 Lighting. Light sources, including, but not limited to, balustrade lighting, comb-plate lighting and step demarcation lighting, shall have an efficacy of not less than 50 lm/W.

610.2.2.2 Drive system. The gearbox shall have a rated efficiency greater than or equal to 94 percent at full load. Either induction motors with a class IE3 efficiency rating, as defined by IEC EN 60034-30, or permanent magnet synchronous motors shall be used.

610.2.2.3 Energy recovery. Down-running escalators equipped with direct variable frequency drives shall use regenerative drives and return recovered energy to the power grid.

610.2.2.4 Handrails. Handrails shall use friction-reducing measures, such as, but not limited to, rollers in newels.

610.2.2.5 Standby mode. During standby mode, escalators and moving walkways shall be automatically slowed to not more than 50 percent of nominal speed. Escalators and moving walkways shall be turned off when the building is unoccupied or outside of facility operations. In locations where multiple escalators serve the same passenger load, one or more escalators shall have the capability of being turned off in response to reduced occupant traffic.

610.2.3 Commercial food service equipment. Not less than 50 percent of the aggregate rated power allocated to commercial food service equipment shall be ENERGY STAR-eligible food service equipment including, but


NEII Position LEEDS Specifications: Elevators (New construction) Premise: Elevators consume about 5% of the building power usage and If N is the total number of points allowed for the elevator component of the mechanical/electrical systems category, credits for various elevators are as follows: Proposed categories for discussion purposes - hydros vs. traction1 A2 x N - Regen drives B x N - Advanced Technology Dispatching3 C x N - Permanent magnet motors D x N - High efficiency lighting E x N - Controller load shed (sleep mode) F x N - Materials of Concern G x N _______________ Total 1.0N __________ General Note: The above needs to be coordinated with and expanded in the current NEII-1 Energy Efficiency Standards Note 1: The committee had no consensus on whether hydros should be included in a LEEDS calculation Note 2: A through G represent percentages of N Note 3: ATD means some means of monitoring and managing elevator building traffic for optimized use of energy


1

NEII-1 ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROPOSAL vs IgCC and ASHRAE 90.1 PROPOSALS NEII-1 PROPOSAL 04/06/10 IgCC/AHSRAE 90.1 1.0 PREFACE: The discussion hereafter deals with energy efficiency concerns on elevators and escalators only.

2.0 INTRODUCTION The energy usage of elevators and escalators in buildings can be a difficult element to predict when a building is in the planning and construction phases. The largest unknown is the traffic pattern of people using the elevators/escalators and the amount of inter-floor traffic. There are however certain “rules of thumb” that have proven true over the years. In the typical building the elevators and escalators will consume about 5% of the total building energy consumption. The consistency of the percentage makes sense since there is a correlation between the number of occupants and the number of elevators in a building. This relationship of people to elevators is maintained from small buildings through large complexes. The situation becomes more complex in large structures and multi-use complexes due to technologies employed. The traditional commercial elevator market contains three distinct segments Low rise – typically hydraulic elevators Mid rise – Typically geared traction elevators High rise – typically gearless traction Technology continues to advance and with the advent of machine room-less elevators these three market segments no longer have such clearly defined lines. The traction market is becoming a single market with the advent of small gearless machines. As the cost point of the small gearless machines decreases more and more the classic hydraulic elevator market is under pressure. The trend towards greener products is also putting pressure on the hydraulic elevator. These advancements are also driving the products to greater energy efficiency The vertical transportation products have kept pace with the general market trends for lower energy usage and diminished use of materials Of Concern (MOCs). This section of the NEII Standards will address energy usage and efficiency aspects of modern elevators in use. It will not address the energy used to develop, build, ship or dispose of the system, nor will it address the use of materials of concern.

3.0 SCOPE The approach taken by NEII is to follow the direction of the major “credit” based Efficiency Standards popular in the building industry. The most common of these systems is LEED, but other similar Standards exist,

ATTACHMENT C Page 1 of 7

2

NEII-1 PROPOSAL 04/06/10 IgCC/AHSRAE 90.1 mostly based on the LEED concept. This type of Standard encompasses different aspects of the building environment not a simple energy type of calculation. The NEII approach is also intended to be a performance oriented set of guidelines so as to keep the guidelines relevant over a longer period of time. Performance based guidelines will also ensure that innovation and creativity employed in the design of equipment can be recognized for energy savings. In this approach the efficiency is derived by technology and features which are the major drivers to the amount of energy utilized to move people in any given building. The last section of this Standard will give typical efficiency percentages for the technologies as well as some equations. In general the technology and features will by far determine the installation efficiency as opposed minor design details particular to any manufacturer. 4.0 ENERGY EFFICIENCY GUIDELINES Several factors will impact the energy utilized by the vertical transportation equipment in a building. The primary task of the equipment is to safely move people in the structure. The building use and size will normally determine the criticality of how efficiently the people need to be moved. The vertical transportation equipment in general accounts for about 5% of the energy utilized in larger buildings. These larger structures are also the most concerned buildings as to how efficiently from a time perspective, people are accommodated by the elevators and escalators. The smaller 2 story buildings are typically less concerned with how efficiently the occupants are moved. Vertical transportation equipment, as all other building systems, has become highly “computerized” with the advances in technology. These advancements have impacted all aspects of the equipment: safety; cost; efficiency of moving people and energy utilization. Examples of these advances are evident in the areas of controllers, dispatching and drives. The advent of electronics has changed how and when power is utilized by the equipment. Estimates are that older relay based controlled equipment utilized 70% of the energy to move people and 30% in the idle state. Today those numbers are closer to 30% is actually moving people and 70% is utilized in the idle state. The changes have occurred due to the need to keep the electronics “alive” for response to people and the efficiency of the drive and machine technology advances. The trend with the technological advances has been to lower overall energy use while shifting the majority of the power consumption from driving the machines to the idle state. Safety and reliability have also greatly increased with technology advances.


3

NEII-1 PROPOSAL 04/06/10 IgCC/AHSRAE 90.1 In larger buildings another major feature that affects energy usage is the dispatching system. The direction of dispatchers has always been to move people more efficiently. This trend typically means shorter waiting times and less full cars hence higher energy usage. If the dispatcher is “tuned” for longer average waiting times, the cars on average are more heavily occupied and energy usage is decreased. Given the dispatching historical direction, lowering performance will not be a desirable in most buildings. This section will detail items to be considered for energy efficiency when selecting vertical transportation equipment for a building. 4.1 ELEVATORS

IgCC 610.2.1 Elevators. Elevator systems shall comply with sections 610.2.1.1 through 610.2.1.2.3. ASHRAE 10.4.3 Elevators. Elevator systems shall comply with the requirements of this section:

4.1.1 POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS The elevator selected should utilize the most energy efficient technology for the given structure and intended use. Drives selected should provide for energy storage or use of regenerated power.

IgCC 610.2.1.2 Power conversion system. Power conversion systems for traction elevators shall comply with sections 610.2.1.2.1 through 610.2.1.2.3. Non-traction elevator systems shall have equivalent efficiency. Elevators moving for less than 0.5 hours/day are exempt from the power conversion system requirements. IgCC 610.2.1.2.1 Motor. Either induction motors with a Class IE2 efficiency rating, as defined by IEC EN 60034-30, or alternative technologies, such as permanent magnet synchronous motors that have equal or better efficiency, shall be used. IgCC 610.2.1.2.2 Transmission. Transmissions shall not reduce the efficiency of the combined motor/transmission below that shown for the Class IE2 motor. Gearless machines are assumed to have 100 percent transmission efficiency. IgCC 610.2.1.2.3 Drive. Potential energy released during motion shall be recovered.

4.1.2 Hoistway Elevator and counterweight guiding systems should be of a method that will decrease frictional losses to a minimum. Elevators should be counterweighted to reduce the average energy required to move people in the building

IgCC 610.2.1.5 Guides. All elevator car guides shall be of the roller type, in order to reduce frictional energy losses. Counterweights with sliding guides shall be balanced in order to minimize frictional losses associated with the counterweight guides.

4.1.3 LIGHTING Light sources for the cab interior and hoistway should be selected so as to maximize the lumens per watt utilized

IgCC 610.2.1.1 Lighting. Light sources for the cab interior shall have an efficacy greater than or equal to 50 lumens/watt.


4

NEII-1 PROPOSAL 04/06/10 IgCC/AHSRAE 90.1 ASHRAE 10.4.3.1 Lighting: Cab lighting sources shall

have efficacy of not less than 50 lumens per watt.

4.1.4 CAR VENTILATION Cab ventilation fans should be selected to maximize the CFM per watt at maximum flow rate.

IgCC 610.2.1.3 Ventilation. Cab ventilation fans shall have an efficacy greater than or equal to 3.0 CFM per watt (0.085 m3/min./watt). ASHRAE 10.4.3.2 Ventilation Power Limitation: Cab ventilation fans shall not consume over 0.33 Watts per cfm (0.7 W*s/L)(11.8 watts/M3*minute) at maximum speed.

4.1.5 IDLE/STANDBY MODE After a set period of time that an elevator is an idle state, the elevator should automatically reduce the energy consumption by turning off or reducing the power consumption of non essential energy consuming devices without compromising safety. In periods of low traffic, a group of elevators should minimize the power consumed by the group of elevators to the greatest practical level.

IgCC 610.2.1.4 Standby mode. When the elevator is stopped, not occupied, and with doors closed, lighting, ventilation, and car displays shall be capable of being de-energized within 5 minutes of stopping, and reenergized prior to opening the doors. Power will cease to be applied to the door motor after the elevator is stopped, lighting is de-energized, and no one is in the car, and re-energized upon the next passenger arrival. In buildings with multiple elevators serving the same floors, one or more elevators shall switch to sleep, low power, mode during periods of low traffic. ASHRAE 10.4.3.5 Standby Mode: When stopped and unoccupied with doors closed for over 5 minutes; lighting and ventilation shall be de-energized. Upon detection of persons arriving lighting and ventilation shall energize.

4.2 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS

IgCC 610.2.2 Escalators and moving walkways. Escalators and moving walkways shall comply with Sections 610.2.2.1 through 610.2.2.5.

IgCC 610.2.2.2 Drive system. The gearbox shall have a rated efficiency greater than or equal to 94 percent at full load. Either induction motors with a class IE3 efficiency rating, as defined by IEC EN 60034-30, or permanent magnet synchronous motors shall be used.

4.2.1 POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS The machine and drive on escalators and moving walks also can play a major role in the overall safety of the equipment. Where the escalator is equipped with direct variable frequency drives it should regenerate the energy to the power grid.

IgCC 610.2.2.3 Energy recovery. Down-running escalators equipped with direct variable frequency drives shall use regenerative drives and return recovered energy to the power grid.

4.2.2 LIGHTING Light sources should be selected so as to maximize the lumens per watt utilized.

IgCC 610.2.2.1 Lighting. Light sources, including, but not limited to, balustrade lighting, comb-plate lighting and step demarcation lighting, shall have an efficacy of not less than 50 lm/W.

4.2.3 IDLE/STANDBY MODE During standby mode or no load conditions,, escalators

IgCC 610.2.2.5 Standby mode. During standby mode, escalators and moving walkways shall be automatically slowed to not more than 50 percent of nominal speed.


5

NEII-1 PROPOSAL 04/06/10 IgCC/AHSRAE 90.1 and moving walkways should minimize the energy utilized to the greatest extent practical.

Escalators and moving walkways shall be turned off when the building is unoccupied or outside of facility operations. In locations where multiple escalators serve the same passenger load, one or more escalators shall have the capability of being turned off in response to reduced occupant traffic.

IgCC 610.2.2.4 Handrails. Handrails shall use friction-reducing measures, such as, but not limited to, rollers in newels.

5.0 ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUATIONS The following represent typical nominal system efficiency of new traction elevators, hydraulic elevators and escalator systems. Unless otherwise specified, the operational factors shall be determined at: - rated speed - rated load - rated voltage Temperature attained at a 35% duty factor for 1 h. Efficiency is the ratio of output power to total input power. Output power is equal to input power minus the losses. Therefore, if two of the three variables (output, input, losses) are known the efficiency can be determined by one of the following equations:

powerinputpoweroutputEff =

powerinputlosses

powerinputlossespowerinputEff −=

−= 1

lossespoweroutputpoweroutputEff+

=

Elevator and escalator system efficiency must take into account all the factors that contribute to losses, not just motors but the other elements of the drive system. Typical system efficiencies are indicated below. 2.0 HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR (DIRECT ACTING/SINGLE STAGE) (2500 lb, 125ft/m, 24 ft Rise), (1000 kg, 0.63 m/s, 7.0 m Rise)


6

SYSTEM

SUBMERSIBLE EFFICIENCY

DRY EFFICIENCY

Overall Efficiency

(2)

0.47

0.52

3.0 GEARED ELEVATOR (REGENERATIVE STATIC DC DRIVE) (NON-REGENERATIVE VVVF DRIVE)( MOTOR GENERATOR DRIVE) (3500 lb, 350 ft/m, 108 ft Rise), (1600 kg, 1.75 m/s, 33 m Rise), SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

(SCR) EFFICIENCY (VVVF)

EFFICIENCY MG

Overall Efficiency

(3)

0.55

0.56

0.51

(1)

4.0 GEARLESS ELEVATOR (REGENERATIVE STATIC DC DRIVE) (MOTOR GENERATOR DRIVE) REGENERATIVE (VVVF DRIVE ) (3500 lb, 700 ft/m, 168 ft Rise), (1600 kg, 3.5 m/s, 50 m Rise) SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

(SCR) EFFICIENCY (VVVF)

EFFICIENCY MG

Overall Efficiency

(4)

0.67

0.67

0.65

(1)

5.0 ESCALATOR (24 TO 40 in. Wide, 100 ft/m, 17 ft Rise), (600 to 1000 mm Wide, 0.5 m/s, 5 m Rise) SYSTEM EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY Gear Reducer Worm Helical Overall Efficiency

(5)

0.53

0.62

NOTES: 1. The MG set does not take into account idle time. 2. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: motor, pump, valve, muffler, pressure pipe (to/from line), jack and hoistway. 3. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: isolation transformer, static drive, motor, gearbox, choke, and hoistway (1:1). 4. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: isolation transformer, static drive, machine, choke and hoistway (1:1).


7

5. Overall efficiency is the product of efficiencies of all components: motor, drive control, gear reducer, truss drive friction (losses) and handrail drives.


1

NEII-1 PROPOSAL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY NEII Performance Standards Committee 12-Apr-2010 1.0 PREFACE: The discussion hereafter deals with energy efficiency concerns on elevators, escalators and moving walks. 2.0 INTRODUCTION The energy usage of elevators, escalators and moving walks in buildings can be a difficult element to predict when a building is in the planning and construction phases. The largest unknown is the traffic pattern of people using the elevators, escalators and moving walks and the amount of inter-floor traffic. There are however certain “rules of thumb” that have proven true over the years. In the typical building the elevators, escalators and moving walks will consume about 5% of the total building energy consumption. The consistency of the percentage makes sense since there is a correlation between the number of occupants and the number of elevators in a building. This relationship of people to elevators is maintained from small buildings through large complexes. The situation becomes more complex in large structures and multi-use complexes due to technologies employed. The commercial elevator market classically contains three distinct segments Low rise – typically hydraulic elevators Mid rise – Typically geared traction elevators High rise – typically gearless traction Technology continues to advance and with the advent of machine room-less elevators these three market segments no longer have such clearly defined lines. The traction market is becoming a single market with the advent of small gearless machines. As the cost point of the small gearless machines decreases more and more the classic hydraulic elevator market is under pressure. The trend towards greener products is also putting pressure on all elevator technologies. These advancements are also driving the products to greater energy efficiency. The vertical transportation products have kept pace with the general market trends for lower energy usage and diminished use of Materials Of Concern (MOCs). This section of the NEII Standards will address energy usage and efficiency aspects of modern elevators in use. It will not address the energy used to develop, build, ship or dispose of the system, nor will it address the use of Materials Of Concern.

3.0 SCOPE The approach taken by NEII is to follow the direction of the major “credit” based Efficiency Standards popular in the building industry. The most common of these systems is Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), but other similar Standards exist, mostly based on the LEED concept. This type of Standard encompasses different aspects of the building environment not a simple energy type of calculation.

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The NEII approach is also intended to be a performance oriented set of guidelines so as to keep the guidelines relevant over a longer period of time. Performance based guidelines will also ensure that innovation and creativity employed in the design of equipment can be recognized for energy savings. In this approach the efficiency is derived by technology and features which are the major drivers to the amount of energy used in the vertical transportation system in any given building. The last section of this Standard will give typical efficiency percentages for the technologies as well as some equations. In general the technology and features will by far determine the transportation’s efficiency as opposed minor design details particular to any manufacturer. 4.0 ENERGY EFFICIENCY GUIDELINES Several factors will impact the energy utilized by the vertical transportation equipment in a building. The primary task of the equipment is to safely move people in the structure. The building use and size will normally determine the criticality of how efficiently the people need to be moved. The vertical transportation equipment in general accounts for about 5% of the energy utilized in larger buildings. These larger structures are also the most concerned buildings as to how efficiently from a time perspective, people are accommodated by the elevators and escalators. The smaller 2 story buildings are typically less concerned with how efficiently the occupants are moved. Vertical transportation equipment, as all other building systems, has become highly “computerized” with the advances in technology. These advancements have impacted all aspects of the equipment: safety; cost; efficiency of moving people and energy utilization. Examples of these advances are evident in the areas of controllers, dispatching and drives. The advent of electronics has changed how and when power is utilized by the equipment. Estimates are that older relay based controlled equipment utilized 70% of the energy to move people and 30% in the idle state. Today those numbers are closer to 30% is actually moving people and 70% is utilized in the idle state. The changes have occurred due to the need to keep the electronics “alive” for response to people and the efficiency of the drive and machine technology advances. The trend with the technological advances has been to lower overall energy use while shifting the majority of the power consumption from motion states to the idle state. In larger buildings another major feature that affects energy usage is the dispatching system. The direction of dispatchers has always been to move people through the building with less delay. This trend typically means shorter waiting times and less full cars and results in higher energy usage. If the dispatcher is “tuned” for longer average waiting times, the cars on average are more heavily occupied and energy usage is decreased. This section will detail items to be considered for energy efficiency when selecting vertical transportation equipment for a building. 4.1 ELEVATORS 4.1.1 POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS The elevator selected should utilize the most energy efficient technology that is practical for the given structure and its intended use.

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Drives selected should provide for energy storage or use of regenerated power. 4.1.2 Hoistway Elevator and counterweight guiding systems shall be exempt from energy rating systems for safety reasons. 4.1.3 LIGHTING Light sources for the cab interior and hoistway should be selected so as to maximize the lumens per watt utilized. Lighting target value = 50 lumens per watt.

4.1.4 CAR VENTILATION Cab ventilation fans should be selected to maximize the CFM per watt at maximum flow rate. Ventilation target value = 3.0 CFM per watt. 4.1.5 IDLE/STANDBY MODE After a set period of time that an elevator is in an idle state, the elevator should automatically reduce the energy consumption by turning off or reducing the power consumption of nonessential energy consuming devices without compromising safety. In periods of low traffic, a group of elevators should minimize the power consumed by the group of elevators to the greatest practical level. 4.2 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS 4.2.1 POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS The escalator selected should utilize the most energy efficient technology that is practical for the given structure and its intended use. Gearbox targeted efficiency = 94% percent at full load. Down-running escalators shall return regenerated energy to the line. 4.2.2 LIGHTING Light sources should be selected so as to maximize the lumens per watt utilized. Lighting target value = 50 lumens per watt.

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4.2.3 IDLE/STANDBY MODE During standby mode or no load conditions, escalators and moving walkways should minimize the energy utilized to the greatest extent practical. 4.2.4 HANDRAILS Handrails should use friction-reducing measures.

national elevator industry, inc....2010/04/12 · 1.0 introduction the following represent typical...

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