National Digital Library of Korea

(Dibrary) and its Linked Data Strategy

Jinho Park

Senior Researcher, National Library of Korea

ISO/TC46 SC9 Korea Secretariat

Member of the International Relations

Committee, Korean Library Association

CJKDLI Korea Working Group Leader

December 12, 2012 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Broadband and Information Technology Summit for Libraries 2012

Innovation and Business Transformation for Information Service Excellence

Sam Oh

Professor, Sungkyunkwan University LIS

Affiliate Professor, University of Washington,

iSchool

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 Chair

ISO TC46/SC9 Chair

DCMI Oversight Committee

1. Dibrary Brand

1

Bra

nd

DIGITAL + LIBRARY

Co

nc

ep

t

• High digital

information technology + • Analog space where

nature and human

become one

“creating new digilog culture”

Brand & Concept

The brand name of the National Digital Library of Korea.

2. Dibrary’s Vision

2

A multicultural space harmonizing nature and cutting-edge digital facility.

Culture

Openness

High-tech

Nature

• Providing cultural

space to all users

• Integrating various

high digital

technologies

• Offering convenient access

for everyone

• Sitting close to nature-

friendly park

Dibrary

3. Establishment Background

3

Establishment of a new infrastructure, Dibrary.

External Issues

• Acceleration of

digitalizing data

processing infrastructure.

• Necessity of The NLK’s

new role in the digital

information era.

Internal Issues

“Integrate the latest

Information technology

into the library

infrastructure”

Dibrary

• Increasing needs for the

role and function as a

digital multicultural space.

• Providing solutions to the

limited stacks issue and

creating a new service

area.

“High quality digital

information available to all

users”

4. Vision, Principles, Goals

4

Establishment of a new infrastructure, Dibrary.

Integration

openness

Portal

Library Portal

Simple Search Interface

A Large Scale of

Information Resource

International Standards

Participations, Shared

Environment

Digital Archiving

Digital Technology

Principles Vision

Integration

Openness

Integrated Management of

Digital Collection

Creation of the Portal Site

Offering the Information Commons

Maintenance of the Digital Archives

Operational Innovation

on Various Digital System

Goals

5. Functions & Roles

5

Building a general digital information center considering synergy with The

National Library of Korea.

Considering synergy

with the National

Library of Korea

• Location

– a public square in front of

the National Library of Korea

• Area

– 38,014㎡

(3 stories above ground

5 stories underground)

• Construction

– 2002~2008`(7years)

– May 2009(grand opening)

• Total Cost

– 117.9 million dollars

• General Audio-Video Space, Global

Lounge, Digital Cluster, Multiplex, Media

Center, Digital Meeting Room, Space for

the Underprivileged Class, Exhibition

Hall, Digital Book Café…

• Book stacks, non-book materials stacks,

A thermo hygrostat control room,

Document transfer room

• General planning group office,

Information systems office, Digital

information use office

• Pathway connecting the main building,

Machinery room, Electricity room,

Parking lot

Information & Culture Facilities

Stacks

Management Facilities

• Incorporation with the

main Library building

• Differentiation with

digital knowledge and

information service

Main Facilities

6

Making an integrated IT

infrastructure to make the

base of service.

Integrated IT infrastructure Portal System and Cooperation Network

Management System Integrated Service System

Setting environment for

integrated search of digital

information

Building an integrated

service space of digital

information

Creating a management

system of digital collections

6. Four Main Projects

4 main projects for The Dibrary(NDLK)

7

7. Dibrary Service

Providing an integrated search service through on-line and off-line.

Digital

contents

Digital

facility

Dibrary Space Dibrary Portal

On-line service Off-line service

contents experience using cutting-

edge digital facility

– Entertainment , media creation,

digital contents viewing, active

exchange, information service,

service for the underprivileged class

• Dibrary visitor influx through

space distinction

• Providing knowledge and

information using on-line/mobile

– Sorted by Data Type, Target,

Region, and Topic

– Personalized service and

cooperation network

• Dibrary visitor influx through

Internet

8

8. Dibrary Portal

A global portal providing high-quality digital knowledge and information to

anyone, anytime, anywhere.

Based on huge high-quality digital resources.. ..Providing integrated portal service to users

Main

Portal

Sub

Portal

• Search Service

– Integrated search, directory

service

• Participation Service

– Q&A, recommendation

service

• Sharing Service

– Sharing special knowledge,

blog/community service

• Application Service

– API/RSS,

statistics/evaluation

• Policy information portal

• Regional portal

• Multicultural portal

• Portal for the disabled

• Book information

• Academic data

• Government

information

• Regional information

• Foreign information

• Author information

• Knowledge sharing

Contents

scope

9

9. Dibrary Portal – Main portal service

Providing integrated search service

Main portal service

menu

Search

Academic data

Research information

Foreign information

Directory

Q&A

Knowledge sharing

Recommendation

Participation

My library

10. Dibrary Portal – Sub portal service

4 sub-portal services characterized by topic and users.

Contents

• Providing an integrated search service on the policy

data of government departments and public institutions

• Codifying and securing regional information

• Providing an integrated search service on regional

academic research/knowledge and information

• Providing service for foreign workers, married immigrants, new

settlers, foreign students, and natives

• Providing an integrated search & community service based on 7

languages

– Vietnamese, Chinese, English, Japanese, Tagalog, Thai and

Korean

• Providing an integrated search & a reading service on

the available contents for the disabled

– Strengthen users’ information access and convenience

Policy information

Regional

Multicultural

Portal for

the disabled

11. Dibrary Portal – Cooperation network sharing digital resources

Developing cooperation network sharing and linking digital contents at

home and abroad.

Main Portal

• Private contents

• Key sources of

knowledge &

information

Organizations,

individual

Policy Information

• Policy information

sources of public

institutions

• International

organizations

Multicultural Information

• Overseas cultural

centers

• Multicultural

information centers

• Overseas public

institutions

Regional Information

• Regional libraries

• Public libraries

• Collecting centers of

regional knowledge

Information for the disabled

• Organizations &

institutions for the

disabled

• Braille libraries

12. Dibrary Space – Service

Providing new service considering users’ convenience and participation.

Extending users’ participation Ensure simple management

Strengthen user convenience

• Booking/guiding facility service

• Real time online Information helper

• Dibrary radio service

• Mobile terminal rental service

• Providing facility service

• Face-to-face service &

education program

• Digital text participation service

• UCC exhibition service

• Remote Management System

Dibrary Space Service

Consider the underprivileged class

Providing

open

information

service

13. Dibrary Space – Facility Overview

Introduction to the B3 ~ B1 Dibrary space.

Main Facilities

B1 • Digital Book

Café

• Pathway

connecting the

main building

B2 • Digital Cluster

• Digital Meeting

Room

• Media Center

• Multiplex

• Space for the

Underprivileged

Class

B3 • Lobby

• Exhibition Hall

• General Audio-

Video Space

디지털북카페 (지하 1층)

Dibrary is preparing for a change after 4 years opening

25

The new direction of Dibrary can be summarized as follows

26

Semantic Web(Linked Open Data)

• What Dibrary (NLK) can do to open its library data?

Converting national bibliographic data, subject and author

authority files into linked data and let anyone to use them

via the Web.

• What will be benefits of NLK LD?

Merging NLK Linked Data with other LLD so new associations

of knowledge can be made.

"The Semantic Web is an extension of

the current web in which information is

given well-defined meaning, better

enabling computers and people to work in

cooperation."

Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila,

The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001

[출처 : http://www.slideshare.net/sandhaus/all-about-rnews-evan-sandhaus]

structured

unstructured

Linked Data Principles

1. Use URIs as names for things.

2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.

3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful RDF

information.

4. Include RDF statements that link to other URIs so that they

can discover related things.

Tim Berners-Lee 2007

http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

The RDF Data Model

Richard Cyganiak

dbpedia:Berlin

foaf:name

foaf:based_near

foaf:Person rdf:type

pd:cygri

Data items are identified with HTTP URIs

pd:cygri

Richard Cyganiak

dbpedia:Berlin

foaf:name

foaf:based_near

foaf:Person rdf:type

pd:cygri = http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri

dbpedia:Berlin = http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin

Resolving URIs over the Web

dp:Cities_in_Germany

3.405.259 dp:population

skos:subject

Richard Cyganiak

dbpedia:Berlin

foaf:name

foaf:based_near

foaf:Person rdf:type

pd:cygri

Dereferencing URIs over the Web

dp:Cities_in_Germany

3.405.259 dp:population

skos:subject

Richard Cyganiak

dbpedia:Berlin

foaf:name

foaf:based_near

foaf:Person rdf:type

dbpedia:Hamburg

dbpedia:Muenchen

skos:subject

skos:subject

pd:cygri

The Disco – Hyperdata Browser

W3C Linking Open Data (LOD) Project

• Grassroots community effort to

– publish existing open license datasets as Linked Data on the Web

– interlink things between different data sources

LOD Datasets on the Web: May 2007

Over 500 million RDF triples

Around 120,000 RDF links between data sources

Example RDF Links

• RDF links from DBpedia to other data sources

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> owl:sameAs <http://sws.geonames.org/29501

59> .

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> owl:sameAs <http://www4.wiwis

s.fu-berlin.de/dblp/resource/person/100007> .

LOD Datasets on the Web: September 2008

LOD Datasets on the Web: March 2009

LOD Datasets on the Web: July 2009

LOD Datasets on the Web: 2010

LOD Datasets on the Web: 2011

The Principles of Linked Data (Revisited)

• What kind of library data are suitable for these principles?

– Those that are frequently referenced and updated by librarians,

in relation to their works or within the information process

system

– Those that provide users with links as other references (links)

in relation to more accurate search results

– Those that are meaningful in themselves and are independently

capable of being referenced by other organizations/systems

– Those that have values capable of being recognized as unique

information via URI

44

The Principles of Linked Data (Revisited)

• Data owned by libraries:

– Bibliographic data

– Holdings records

– Authority records

• Authors, Titles, Subject Headings

• Those being endlessly referenced and updated by librarians, in relations to their works, or within the information process system

• Those providing links as other references (links) in relations to the more accurate search results to users

• Those that are meaningful themselves and independent ones capable of being referenced by other organizations/systems

• Those capable of being recognized with their values as unique information through URI

45

LLD is about the Links

Books

– http://worldcat.org/oclc/123456

Classification numbers

– http://dewey.info/class/641/about

People

– http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679

Subject headings

– http://tspilot.oclc.org/fast/fst01234567

LLD is about the Openness

• What sort of license is the data available in?

LLD is about the Data

<rdf:RDF>

<rdf:Description

rdf:about="http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679">

<rdf:type rdf:resource=

"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/>

<rdf:type rdf:resource=

"http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/Person"/>

<foaf:name>Mozziconacci, Jean-Francois</foaf:name>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

URIs for Dewey System

It should be simple:

http://dewey.info/class/641/

Browsers get redirected to:

http://dewey.info/class/641/about

RDF clients get redirected to:

http://dewey.info/class/641/about.rdf

But the DDC has a long complex history

What language did you want?

http://dewey.info/class/641/about.en

http://dewey.info/class/641/about.fr

What edition did you want?

http://dewey.info/class/641/e22/about

http://dewey.info/class/641/e23/about

In what language?

http://dewey.info/class/641/e22/about.en

In what format?

http://dewey.info/class/641/e22/about.en.html

http://dewey.info/class/641/e22/about.en.rdf

URIs for Virtual International Authority File: VIAF

It is blissfully simple compared to Dewey!

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679

Generates a 303 redirect to:

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/

Where content negotiation will get you either:

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/viaf.html

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/viaf.xml

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/viaf.rss

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/viaf.rdf

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/marc21.xml

http://viaf.org/viaf/12345679/unimarc.xml

bibo:Document

bibo:Book

nlon:Score

nlon:Electronic Document

bibo:Map

bibo:AudioVisual Document

bibo:AudioDocument

nlon:Complex Document

nlon:OldBook

nlon:Concept

nlon:Location

nlon:Country

nlon:Library

nlon:Government

nlon:University

foaf:Organization

owl:Thing

string

AdministrativeSection

Countries

University

KDATA

string

string

string

dct:references dct:isReferencedBy

dct:references dct:isReferencedBy

LinkedData

COMET, BNB, PODE,

LIBRIS,LC owl:sameAs

geo:SpatialThing

bibo:Thesis

foaf:Person

nlon:Author nlon:Librarian

53

Resource

bibo:Document

a

Identifier

id.loc.gov

dct:language

nlk:Concept

skos:Concept

rdfs:subClassOf

KDC

DDC

Code

Title

Miscellaneous Literals

geo:SpatialThing

nlk:Location

rdfs:subClassOf

Resource as Location

a

nlk:isGeographicAreaOf

dct:alternative dct:title nlk:subtitle nlk:titleOfSeries nlk:titleOfMainSeries nlk:headingOfOriginalLanguage nlk:titleOfOriginalLanguage nlk:headingOfTranslation nlk:titleOfTranslation nlk:uniformTitleOfSeries

An Instance A Literal

A Class External Link

bibo:uri bibo:number dct:requires dct:created dct:issued dct:extent dct:description dct:tableOfContents dct:format dct:abstract

nlk:audienceNote nlk:supplementNote nlk:physicalFormAvailableNote nlk:reproductionNote nlk:reproductionPlace nlk:reproductionInstitution nlk:reproductionDate nlk:originalVersionNote nlk:locationNote nlk:holdingInstitution nlk:useAndReproductionNote nlk:languageNote nlk:linkingEntryComplexityNote nlk:awardsNote nlk:holdingItemNote nlk:publicationPlace nlk:department nlk:degreeYear nlk:bibliography nlk:restriction nlk:citationReferenceNote

nlk:authenticationCode nlk:classificationNumberOfLC nlk:itemNumberOfLC nlk:classificationNumberOfNLK nlk:itemNumberOfNLK nlk:volumeOfNLK nlk:kdc nlk:itermNumberOfKDC nlk:editionOfKDC nlk:ddc nlk:itemNumberOfDDC nlk:editionOfDDC nlk:otherNumber nlk:itemNumberOfOtherNumber nlk:sourceOfOtherNumber

dct:identifier nlk:nlkcn bibo:isbn bibo:issn nlk:cip nlk:strn

foaf:Agent

Resource as Agent

a

dct:creator dct:publisher nlk:awardedFrom

nlk:create nlk:publish

geo:location dct:isPartOf / dct:hasPart

dct:isReferencedBy / dct:references dct:relation

dct:hasVersion dct:hasFormat

dct:replaces / dct:isReplacedBy dct:identifier

bibo:ThesisDegree

bibo:degree

Resource as ThesisDegree

a

SubjectHeading

dct:subject / nlk:isSubjectOf

a

a

a

dct:subject / nlk:isSubjectOf

dct:subject / nlk:isSubjectOf

nlk:birthYear

nlk:deathYear

foaf:name

id.loc.gov dct:subject

COMET

LIBRIS

BNB

owl:sameAs

owl:sameAs

owl:sameAs

Subject

Author / Organization

nlk:numberMark

KDATA

owl:sameAs

foaf:Organization

rdfs:subClassOf nlk:Government

rdfs:subClassOf owl:sameAs

nlk:Library

rdfs:subClassOf owl:sameAs

nlk:University rdfs:subClassOf owl:sameAs

Legend

PODE

owl:sameAs

skos:closeMatch

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix nlk: <http://data.nl.go.kr/resource/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix nlon: <http://data.nl.go.kr/ontology/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> . @pefex geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .

54

55

56

57

58

Smart Data and its Potentials

• Implications of Linked Data and Users

– Importance of making data smarter

• Libraries provide countless amounts of information and media

• Libraries need to be a trustworthy entity

• Libraries must be placed where permanent access to and preservation

of data are guaranteed

• Libraries should remain faithful to their most basic and natural role

– Providing users with diverse solutions to problems

• How do users think and solve problems?

• Is it possible to create a system configuration (interface configuration)

to assist users’ problem-solving process?

59

NLK LLD Strategy

• The first priority is opening NLK data

– Basically NLK data is a public data that should be open to anyone.

– The NLK must be open and easily accessible to others

• Try hard to use global standard formats when opening NLK

data

– Recommend to respect linked data principles when opening

• Contribute to information ecosystem.

– The Web is most general and accessible platform and ecosystem.

Contribute to the Web.

• Think more about contributing to the global database (Web)

rather than what NLK will gain from this endeavor.

– The NLK focus should be on providing the world with new

opportunities derived from the live NLK linked data, instead of

thinking about what NLK will gain by opening its data

60

Recent Issues

• Big Data

• Linked Data

• Open Data

61

New Possibilities are rooted in curating what we

already have.

62

References

• Image Sources – http://www.flickr.com/photos/wiertz/8011916658

– http://www.lafabbricadellarealta.com/2012/05/07/an-idea-worth-

sharing-radical-openness/

– http://www.bu.edu/ceit/

– http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

63

64