national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death
DESCRIPTION
National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. History. Report of a Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths -published Dec 1987 Became the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death in 2003 Contract managed by NPSA from April 2005. Remit. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
History
• Report of a Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths -published Dec 1987
• Became the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death in 2003
• Contract managed by NPSA from April 2005
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Remit
We aim to review medical clinical practice and
to make recommendations to improve the
quality of the delivery of care.
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Remit
We do this by undertaking confidential surveys
covering many different aspects of medical care
and making recommendations for clinicians and
management to implement.
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Governance
• Independent
• Charity and company limited by guarantee
• 6 Trustees
• Chairman – Professor Tom Treasure
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
NCEPOD Supporting bodies
• Faculty of Public Health Medicine of RCP
• Association of Anaesthetists
• Association of Surgeons
• Royal College of Anaesthetists
• Royal College of Radiologists
• Royal College of Ophthalmologists
• Royal College of Surgeons
• Lay Representatives
• Faculty of Dental Surgery of RCS
• Royal College of Pathologists
• Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
• Royal College of Physicians
• Royal College of General Practitioners
• Royal College of Nursing
• Royal College of Child Health and Paediatrics
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
NCEPOD Observers
• NPSA
• Coroners Society
• Institute of Healthcare Management
• Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Structure
• 11 Non-clinical staff
• 8 Clinical co-ordinators
• 550+ Local reporters
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Coverage
• England
• Wales
• Northern Ireland
• Offshore Islands
• Independent sector
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Participation
• NHS trusts mandated by ‘A first class service’
• Doctors mandated by ‘Good Medical Practice’
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Confidentiality
• BS 7799
• PIAG
• DPA
• NRES
• Anonymisation
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Method
• Expert group
• Identify study questions – literature search
• Pilot study – HES
• Run main study - ONS
– Primary data set
– One or more clinical questionnaires
– Extracts of the casenotes
– Organisational questionnaire
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Method
• Anonymisation
• Advisors review each case - qualitative
• Questionnaires analysed – quantitative
• All findings and recommendations are reviewed by the Expert group
• All drafts of the report are read twice by the Steering Group
• Report launched
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Method
• Results are confidential
• Cause for concern cases
• Feedback
– Organisational
– Clinical
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Reports
• Reports published mainly around deaths within 30 days of a surgical procedure
But with some variations
– Therapeutic endoscopy
– Medical admissions into intensive care
– Abdominal aortic aneurysms
– Coronial autopsies
– Emergency admissions
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Recommendations
• Every report of NCEPOD has contained a recommendation relating to poor information systems e.g.
– “The provision of clinical and management information about patients, including post mortem records needs to be improved significantly” (1990 report)
– “All trusts in the NHS should use information systems with a nationally agreed specification. This should apply to casenotes, patient information systems etc. Such uniform systems would facilitate the retrieval of standardised information and ease the introduction of the electronic paper record”. (2001)
– Documentation of the first consultant review should be clearly indicated in the casenotes and should be subject to local audit. (2007)
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Key improvements
• Improved provision of surgical, anaesthetic and critical care facilities
• More involvement of senior staff
• Better supervision of trainees
• Better communication
• Reduction in inappropriate out of hours surgery
• More specialisation particularly for children
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Key improvements
• 20% operations OOH by SHO
• 47% anaesthetics OOH by SHO
• 51% hospitals had “CEPOD” theatres
• 6% operations OOH by SHO
• 25% anaesthetics OOH by SHO
• 63% hospitals had “CEPOD” theatres (Further improvement to 77% identified in later report)
WOW I 1997 WOW II 2003
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Key improvements
• An Acute Problem
• Sedation
• Coroner’s Bill
• Trauma services
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Case study - lack of consultant input
75 year old with diarrhoea and malaise admitted by SHO. BP 110/60 P100 RR 36. The working diagnosis “?Infection”. IV fluids and antibiotics were given and the BP 85/50 persisted for 24 hours with IV fluids. All reviews were by HO or SHO with no consultant input. By 48 hours BP 70/30 anuric and comatose. The SHO diagnosed septic shock and eventually referred the patient to ICU. The patient died 12 hours later.
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Case study - missing casenotes
Following investigation with a barium enema and endoscopy, a carcinoma of the colon with complete obstruction was diagnosed. Two weeks later the patient was admitted with lower abdominal pain and constipation. The previous notes and X-rays were not available nor was the patient clear about their condition. The surgical team caring for the patient on this occasion was therefore unaware of the diagnosis and no operation was performed. A few days later the patient perforated their bowel and was taken to the operating theatre but the clinicians had still not seen the original notes or X-rays.
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Case study - poor record keeping
A 76-year-old , ASA 3 female without recognised co-existing medical disorders had a mastectomy and axillary clearance. Three days later she collapsed with diarrhoea, hypotension and hypoxia. There were no entries in the medical notes between her clerking on admission and this collapse, at which time the entry was “low BP all the time after mastectomy”. By this time the patient was in fast atrial fibrillation, dehydrated and in renal failure. Despite aggressive resuscitation she died later that day. The autopsy reported cardiac failure due to left ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation.
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Case study - prescribing errors
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Case study - communication
The autopsy found nothing significant externally, apart
from blood oozing from the nose. Internally the heart
was normal and there was early bronchopneumonia in
the right lung. The abdominal organs were normal and
tablets/capsules were not seen in the stomach. The
brain was normal and no significant abnormalities were
seen in the musculo-skeletal system.
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Case study - communication
“ I have received further information that the deceased was found with a plastic bag over [their] head………in the absence of this information at the time of the post mortem I was unable to carry out some investigations which would have been done in the presence of this information. ……… Toxicology was not taken. I was not able to examine the bag. In my view there is no alternative but to submit a cause of death as: 1a. Unascertained.”
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Studies in progress
• Sickle cell and thalassaemia. Publication May 2008
• Coronary artery bypass grafting. Publication June 2008
• Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy. Data collection underway. Publication November 2008
• Deaths in acute hospital. Early stages of development
• Acute kidney injury
Improving the quality of medical and surgical care
Future
• Monitor changes in systems of care
• Engage medical specialities
• Maintain enthusiasm within surgery and anaesthesia
• Ensure topic selection remains relevant to current practice
• Ensure appropriate dissemination of learning points