NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY IN INDONESIA Towards low carbon development

EMMA RACHMAWATY MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

Tokyo, Japan , 18 May 2013

1. INTRODUCTION AND BASIC POLICIES 2. PROGRAMME AND ACTIVITIES - GHG INVENTORY - IPCC INDONESIA - CLIMATE VILLAGE PROGRAMME 3. LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY

• Law No. 6 Year 1994 on Ratification of UNFCCC • Law No. 17 Year 2004 on Ratification of Kyoto Protocol 1 •Law No 32 year 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management 2 • National Action Plan on Climate Change year 2007, Draft National Action Plan on Adaptation of Climate Change 2012 3

•INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE SECTORAL ROAD MAP (ICCSR), 2010 4 • Presidential Decree No. 61/2011 on NAP of GHG • Presidential Decree No. 71/2011 on Inventory of GHG • Draft of GR on Impact management of Climate Change 5

NATIONAL POLICY

• “I n o r d e r t o a n t i c i p a t e c l i m a t e c h a n g e , Environmental SHOULD conservation will be utilized to support economy growth & sustainable welfare which is complemented by management and mastering of disaster risk”

PRIORITY #9 – THE

ENVIRONMENT & DISASTER

MANAGEMENT:

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Coordinated by MOE

Policy on Climate Change

Standard Criteria on

Degradation by Climate Change PI

Atmospheric function

preservation: by adaptation

and mitigation

actions Inventory

of GHG

Vulnerability Assessment

EPMP: Mitigation

and Adaptation

LAW NO. 32/2009 ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT – ON CC

“increased global warming climate change reduce of environmental quality The needs for environmental protection and management

“We are devising an energy mix policy ... that will reduce our emissions by 26 percent by 2020. With international support, we are confident we can reduce emissions by as much as 41 percent.”

“We are also looking into the distinct possibility of committing a billion tons of CO2 reduction by 2050.We will change the status of our forests from that of a net emitter sector to a net [carbon] sink sector by 2030”

*Stated at the G20 Summit on Sept 2009 and reiterated at UNFCCC COP 15/CMP 5 on Dec 2009

G – 26% BY 2020

Indonesia‘s Pledge for Emission Reduction*

Statement by President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono

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Energy 50.5%

Industry 7.7%

Agriculture 13.6%

Waste 28.3%

Without LUCF With LUCF

Energy 20%

Industry 3%

Agriculture 6%

Land Use Change

and Forestry

47%

Peat Fire 13%

Waste 11%

Sector Gg CO2e Energy 280,938 Industry 42,814 Agriculture 75,420 Land Use Change and Forestry (excl. peat fire) 649,254

Peat Fire 172,000 Waste 157,328 Removal 556,449 NETT EMISSION 1,377,753

2000 INDONESIA’S GHG INVENTORY

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Projection of Indonesia net emission: 1.38 GtCO2e (2000) 2.95 GtCO2e (2020)

Key source categories are peat emission, forestry, energy and waste. Emission from peat fire was taken from van der Werf et al (2007). The figure in the charts did not include emission from emission from liming and fertilizing

0.28 0.371.00

0.040.05

0.06

0.050.05

0.43 0.29

0.130.16 0.17

0.250.39

0.83

1.44

0.06

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5E

mis

sion

(Gt C

O2e

) .

Peat EmissionWasteForestryAgricultureIndustryEnergy

1.38

1.76

2.95

2000 2005 2020

8

26 % (national budget)

BAU – Business as Usual

Year of 2020

15% (internationally supported)

41 % (total emission reduction)

Gton CO2-eq

Projection of Indonesia net emission: 1.38 GtCO2e (2000) 2.95 GtCO2e (2020)

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Indonesia GHG Emission Reduction Plan

Sectors

Emission Reduction Plan (Giga ton CO2e)

Total Action Plan

26%

15% (Total 41%)

Forestry & Peatland 0.672 0.367 1.039

• Land & forest fires control, • Water resources & system management, • Forest & land rehabilitation, Industrial

Plantation Forest/HTI, Communal Forest/HR,

• Illegal logging eradication, • Deforestation prevention, • Community empowerment.

Waste 0.048 0.030 0.078 • 3R strategy of waste management • Integrated waste management in urban

areas

Agriculture 0.008 0.003 0.011 • Intro of low emission rice variety, • Efficiency of water irrigation, • Organic fertilizer utilization.

Industry 0.001 0.004 0.005 • Energy efficiency, • Renewable energy utilization, etc.

Energy & Transporta-tion

0.038 0.018 0.056

• Bio-fuel use • High gasoline fuel standard machinery • Improvement of Transport Demand

Management(TDM) • Quality of public road & transportation • Demand Side Management • Energy efficiency • Development of renewable energy

Total 0.767 0.422 1.189 10

PRESIDENTIAL DECREES - to address GHG emission reduction & GHG

Inventory

26% Emission Reduction

Presidential Decree No. 61/2011 on National

Action Plan for reducing GHG Emission

Presidential Decree No. 71/2011 on

Conducting National GHG Inventory

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PRESIDENTIAL DECREES – No 61/2011 & No. 71/2011 NO 61 OF 2011

NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON GHG EMISSION

REDUCTION TARGET (RAN-GRK)

• RAN-GRK is a guidance to line ministries in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the national action plan of GHG emission reduction; a guidance to provincial governments in formulating regional action plan for reducing GHG emission, and a reference to community and private sector in planning and implementing GHG emission reduction

NO 71 OF 2011 CONDUCTING NATIONAL

GHG INVENTORY SYSTEM

• Objectives: i.e. to provide regular information on level, status, and trend of GHG emission and removals change, including carbon stock at national, provincial, and municipal/regency level; and to provide information on GHG emission reduction achievement of national climate change mitigation actions.

• Regulation on: a. Accounting Process and Procedure of GHG Inventories; b. Task & Authorities of Governments at Central as well as Provincial and Municipal/regency Levels; c. Verification; d. Reporting, e. Assistance to Local Governments

IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DECREES

NO 61 OF 2011 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN

ON GHG EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET

(RAN-GRK) • LOCAL ACTION PLAN ON GHG EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET (RAD – GRK):

• a. Provinces formulated RAD-GRK which facilitated by BAPPENAS, Ministry of the Environment, and Ministry of Home Affairs in 2012

• Provinces are implementing RAD-GRK in 2013

NO 71 OF 2011 CONDUCTING NATIONAL

GHG INVENTORY SYSTEM

• Formulated GUIDELINE ON NATIONAL GHG INVENTORY

• Developing criteria for private sector which will have obligation for reporting GHG emission

• Developing Verification system

II. PROGRAM AND ACTIVITIES

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Importance of GHG Inventory Efforts of IPCC-Indonesia Proliferation of Climate Village

Program (PROKLIM) Development of MRV System

SIGN Center

Steering Committee (High-Level Officials of line ministries)

Report of Emission Status

Min. of Forestry (INCAS)

Min. of Energy and Mineral Resources (REFF Burn)

Local Governments (Green Growth, etc)

Other sources: PLN, PJB2, BPS, Universities, other institutions

Min. of Transportation

Min. of Agriculture

Min. of Industry (Green Industry)

Min. of Environment

DNPI /National Council on Climate Change

UNFCCC

Coordinating Ministry for Economy

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Environmental institutions at municipal/regency level

Dinas at municipal/regency

level

Specific activities

(single data)

Specific activities

(single data)

Dinas at municipal/regency

level

Specific activities (single data)

Specific activities

(single data)

Environmental institutions at Provicial level

Dinas at provincial level

Dinas at provincial level

SIGN Center

Governors

Related ministries

GHG inv. Report (Carbon profile)

GHG inv. Report (Carbon profile)

National GHG inventory Report

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JICA SUPPORT (2011-2014): CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR

DEVELOPING OF GHG INVENTORIES

Institutional arrangement at national level Conducting Pilot project located at North and

South Sumatra Provinces: produced 3 (three) Manuals (Manual 1: accuracy

enhancement on activity data collection; Manual 2: determination of solid waste characteristics, Manual 3: report collection system)

Improving data accuracy through surveys on waste composition and dry matter contents

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BUR-1

2014

BUR-2/ 3rd

NatCom

2016

ICA ICA

BUR = Biennial Update Report NC = National Communication

ICA = International Consultations & Analysis

Preparation Stages

MRV (Domestic/International)

• GHG inventories • mitigation actions • needs and support

received

Third National Communication (TNC) & Biennial Update Report (BUR)

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Progress on GHG Inventory Capacity Building of GHG Inventory for

Provincial Governments through Deconcentration Fund 2012-2013

The Second National Summit on Climate Change 2012 : GHG Inventory and Emission Reduction

Formulating of 2010-2012 National GHG Inventory Report

Preparing Third National Communication

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NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS (NATCOM)

INITIAL NATCOM

(1994)

SECOND NATCOM

(2010)

Initial stage of THIRD

NATCOM (2013)

20

+

1. Collect and study data and information on: a. Climate change in Indonesia b. Impact of climate change in Indonesia c. Initiatives of individual, institutions, local community and private sector

2. Analyse, review and interpret of reports published by IPCC in the context of Indonesia

3. Formulate recommendation based on collected and reviewed data and information

4. Enhance capacity and participation of researchers in Indonesia 5. Develop network with similar science forum and encourage international

cooperation

STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND NEEDS :

Geoclimatology of Indonesia

Vulnerable to the impact of climate

change

Scientific Climate Change

Forum Studies on Impact of

Climate Change IPCC Indonesia

Policy, programme and

actions +

Kelompok kerja merupakan Wadah yang terbagi dalam beberapa isu spesifik Kelompok kerja dapat berkembang sesuai dengan Perkembangan isu

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF IPCC INDONESIA

Bertugas untuk memberikan arahan Kepada Kelompok Kerja mengenai Kebutuhan kajian ilmiah untuk isu perubahan iklim spesifik, serta Menetapkan hasil kajian ilmiah Sebagai output dari FIPII

Merupakan perwakilan K/L terkait, Peneliti, Dan Perwakilan Perguruan Tinggi yang Telah diseleksi sesuai dengan Kepakarannya.

Pleno Steering Committee

Secretariat

WG ENERGY

WG FOOD SECURITY

WG FORESTRY

Pakar dan praktisi yang berkontribusi dalam penyusunan laporan

WG MARINE AND FISHERIES

“Kampung” in Indonesian or “Village” in plain English is administered according to traditions and customary law (adat), located in rural areas and urban subdivisions, practices the culture of helping one another as a community, as well as being family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one's family [particularly the parents and elders]), courtesy and believing in God as paramount to everything else.

Various name of “kampung” in Indonesia: banjar (Bali), nagari (West Sumatera), dusun (Java), etc

ProKlim is a program to recognize active participation of local

communities in implementing actions of integrated climate change mitigation and adaptation, which contributes to the achievement of national green house gas reduction target and increases the community resilience to the climate change impact.

Legal basis : Minister Environmental Regulation No. 19/2012

Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim) ~a climate village programme~

ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC

National Adaptation

Plans (NAPs)

• Proklim and its implementation as input for the development of NAPs related to developing countries’ action and its role for policy development.

Nairobi Work Programme (NWP)

• Proklim as an input for strengthening adaptation actions, in particular “Adaptation planning and practice” at local-level.

• Its implementation could be submitted as a part of NWP, related to concrete actions on adaptation which will be potentially supported by developed countries.

Loss and Damage (LnD)

• The implementation of ProKlim draws vulnerability in the area and will play an important role for baseline-setting in terms of insurance mechanism for the losses and damages caused by the climate change.

Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF) ProKlim

Adaptation Component

• Local contribution in meeting the national target of 26% emission reduction (Presidential Decree No. 61/2012)

• As an initiation for data collection of National GHG-inventory (Presidential Decree No. 71/2012)

Plays an important role as a part of

national communication

(NATCOM)*) and Biennial update Report (BUR) **)

*) Chapter 2 (National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by Sinks) dan 5 (Measures to mitigate climate change)

**) Chapter 2 (National inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by Sinks) dan 3 (Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions)

National issues Global issues

ProKlim as a part of global actions and UNFCCC

Identification of potential / activity

climate change mitigation by

bottom-up approach

Increase awareness and encourage

community participation

Strengthen capacity of local government

to carry out adaptation and

mitigation of climate change

Mitigation Component

ProKlim

Adaptation activities, i.a.:

• Management of drought, floods and landslide

• Enhancement of food security • Anticipation to sea level rise, and

other risks/hazards in coastal area • Management of climate-related

diseases

Mitigation activities, i.a.:

• Management of waste and solid waste

• Liquid waste treatment and utilization

• Energy consumption (e.g. energy efficiency, renewable energy)

• Reducing emission from agriculture activities

• Forest conservation • Management of land and forest fire

Local Community and Sustainability Aspects, i.a.:

• Availability of local organization to manage and implement the activities

• Adoption of local policies, traditional ethics and other local knowledge to support the implementation of activities

• Community dynamics (e.g.: community self sustain, self finance scheme, gender participation)

• Local community capacities to implement the activities

• External support from governments • External support from private sectors,

NGOs, universities and other • Continual improvement of existing

activities • Positive impacts (economic benefits,

environmental benefits, and/or minimize the impact of climate extreme events)

C o m p o n e n t s

Contribution of the local community for the achievement of 26% national emission reduction target in 2020 compare to business as usual;

Enhancement of adaptive capacities to the impact of climate change and climate variability in local level;

Provide data and information on potential climate change mitigation and adaptation activities in local level.

B e n e f i t s of PROKLIM

East Java: 10

Central Java: 11 West Java: 14 Yogya: 10 East Nusatenggara: 1

Riau: 7

Babel: 3

South Sulawesi: 4 West Sulawesi: 2

Southeast Sulawesi: 2 Maluku: 1

DKI Jakarta: 2 Banten: 1 Bali: 1

West Nusatenggara: 1

P r o K l i m 2 0 1 2 71 locations from 15 provinces submitted to the Ministry of Environment as a ProKlim candidate by local government (districts, municipalities), universities, NGOs, individual, private sectors.

Evaluated by technical team and steering committee.

Result of evaluation: 7 locations have been received ProKlim’s Trophy and 4 locations awarded a certificate as “Potensial Location for ProKlim Development”

No Location Disctricts/Municipalities Province

1 Sukunan Village Sleman Yogyakarta 2 Jetis Lor Village Pacitan East Java 3 Sambangan Village Buleleng Bali 4 Gatak II, Tamantirto

Village Bantul Yogyakarta

5 Serut Village Bantul Yogyakarta 6 Mukti Jaya Village Rokan Hilir Riau 7 Nglegi Village Gunungkidul Yogyakarta

No Location Disctricts/Municipalities Province

1 Kerta Village Gianyar Bali 2 Kembang Village Pacitan East Java 3 Jomblang Village Semarang Central Java 4 Mekarjaya Village Cianjur West Java

Sukunan Village, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province

Adaptation and mitigation activities • Water reservoir (embung) and water • Absorption wells and biopores. • Revegetation. • Protection and management of water resources • Water use efficiency by designing traditional

shower • Crop cultivation and fertilizer system (land

management, composting). • Zero burning technique. • Management of indigenious species. • Yard optimization: traditional medicines. • Vector management and public sanitation. • Integrated waste management, including waste

separation, utilization, 3R. • Communal wastewater treatment. • Water management for agricultural activities. • Operationalization of biogas, treatment of

livestock waste. • Traditional innovation: such as design of

ovitrap (for intercepting its life cycle), natural refrigerator, water heater.

Emission reduction potential, from: • Livestock activities: cattle 0.00004 Gg CH4/year (0.84 ton

CO2/year), sheep 0.00000528 Gg CH4/year (0.11088 ton CO2/year), poultry 0.0000348 Gg CH4/year (0.7308 ton CO2/year).

• Chemical fertilizer reduction by 25%: 0,601375 ton CO2/year. Benefits • Water security. • Waste reduction. • Food security. • Alternative income. • Enhancement of carbon stock. • Appropriate public sanitation.

Potential climate risks - Drought caused by elongated dry season. - Potential risk of water scarcity in the area. - Changing of rain season threathens agricultural productivity. - Un-managed waste emits greenhouse gasses.

Local Actions of Sukunan Village

Absorption wells Water harvesting

Mix-farming Revegetation Biogas

Vector management

CONCEPT OF NATIONAL

MRV SYSTEM

Activity 1: REDD+

Other Mitigation Activites

Activity 3: Proklim

Activity 2: RAN-RAD-

GRK

QC (Insitution

of MRV REDD+) QC (MER

by Secr. of RAN/RAD

GRK)

QC (Secr. of Proklim)

QC (internal /

consultant)

IMPLEMENTATION OF GHG

INVENTORY – LINE

MINISTRIES, PROVINCIAL &

REGENCY/MUNICI PAL

BUR NATCO

M

NATIONAL MRV INSTITUTION

R E

G I

S T

R Y

UNILATERAL

(26%)

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

N

SUPPORT (15%)

CREDIT

OTHERS

REPORT OF NATIONAL

MRV IMPLEMEN

-TATION

SIGN CENT

ER

DATA supporting

MITIGATION ACTIONS

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LOW CARBON GROWTH PATHWAY

Synergy and partnership among government, private sectors, and community

Identification of various low carbon options in all sectors

Enhancing international cooperation on implementation low-carbon program & activities

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THANK YOU

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