national broadband network a nation building project · 2015. 4. 28. · threatened telstra to get...
TRANSCRIPT
National Broadband Network
by Dr Mark A Gregory FIEAust, SMIEEE
A nation building project
Outline
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1 National Broadband Network
2 Technologies
3 Who should build the NBN?
4 What is the NBN really
5 Key Issues
6 Tasmania and the NBN
7 Construction
8 Backhaul
9 Regulation
Reduce backhaul costs
How to succeed
Universal Service
10
11
12
National Broadband Network
There can be no greater goal today, for this nation, than to strive to
become a leader in the global digital economy and when this is
achieved to maintain this position in the decades to come.
A National Broadband Network that utilises FTTP, Wireless and
Satellite to connect Australians to the NBN is an instrumental
requirement if this nation is to succeed.
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History
NBN I – 2007 - FTTN
NBN II – 2009 – FTTP 93%, wireless+satellite 7%
NBN III – 2014 – FTTN, FTTdp, HFC, FTTP,
wireless+satellite
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What went wrong?
Telstra was privatised as one entity – the greatest anti-competitive arrangement in
Australian history – we have the Coalition to thank for this.
Labor had the right idea, but the wrong implementation, so we can thank them for the
current mess.
Threatened Telstra to get 2011 NBN agreement and 2012 SSU and put in place
government owned NBN Co.
Should have forced Telstra to own and operate NBN Co from the outset. NBN Co
would absorb the rest of Telstra wholesale as the SSU was implemented between
2010 and 2020. In 2020 NBN Co to be separated from Telstra retail in a two for one
share issue.
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What is the NBN really about?
The NBN is about more than connection speed.
• Connection speed
• Capacity – national and international
• Traffic Class Management
• Congestion
• Staying ahead of our competitors – global digital economy
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Transit
Source: NBN Co
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Source: NBN Co
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121 Points of Interconnect
Definitions
CIR – Committed Information Rate defines a level of data throughput for
which service frames are delivered according to the performance
objectives of the applicable traffic class.
PIR – Peak Information Rate is defined as the maximum data throughput
that may be delivered by the service. Note that traffic capacity in excess
of the CIR and within the PIR will be carried through the NBN Co
Network without any performance objectives. Traffic that exceeds the
PIR will be discarded at ingress to the NBN Co Network.
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Definitions - Costs
“Access Virtual Circuit” (AVC), which identifies a customers traffic within the NBN
– AVC is one cost
Access Seekers purchase a “Connectivity Virtual Circuit” (CVC) for each
Connectivity Serving Area they wish to cover. The CVC is essentially a bandwidth
pipe, the size determined by the cost. The larger the CVC, the better the service
to subscribers within the Connectivity Serving Area – CVC is another cost
Access Seekers connect to NBN PoIs and there is a monthly charge for every
PoI connection and an initial one off charge for every PoI connection
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Passive Optical Network – Active Architecture
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Fibre
Source: Schink, H.
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Copper Advances
But the length gets shorter and
shorter and shorter….
Source: newelectronics
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FTTN with VDSL2
Source: AT&T
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VDSL2 Vectoring
Copper pairs from one cable cannot be connected to different ISAM
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FTTdp Architecture
Source: itNews
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Fixed Wireless Block Diagram
Source: NBN Co
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Fixed Wireless
2.3 GHz spectrum – not as good as 700 MHz for regional
use
http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=1104329
http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=8129031
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Fixed Wireless eNodeB Base Station
Each eNodeB has three sectors and is sited according to a site specific radio
coverage plan to provide optimised coverage.
Each sector supports on average 60 premises, with an approximate CIR for the
eNodeB of 100Mbps.
• 3 RF Antennae
• GPS Antenna
• Remote Radio Unit
• Digital Baseband Unit
• Power Supply
• Battery Backup
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Fixed Wireless Microwave Transit
Source: NBN Co
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Fixed Wireless Aggregation
The three sectors of an eNodeB (maximum of 180 end users) typically
provide an aggregated CIR throughout of approximately 100 Mbps. This
determines the Microwave Transport backhaul capacity required.
The maximum bandwidth planned for the Microwave Hub Site back to a FAN
site is 900Mbps, allowing for the aggregation of up to 8 eNodeBs, with a
maximum of 1440 end users.
Source: NBN Co
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Fixed Wireless Serving Area
The largest WSA will have up to 24 WSAM connecting to
a FAN.
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Fixed WirelessAccess Aggregation Region
The third module is the Access Aggregation Region (AAR). The
wireless area served by a single POI is an AAR. The maximum
number of WSAs in an AAR is determined by the number of FANs
that connect back to the POI. For the purposes of wireless
dimensioning, the size of an AAR is based on the maximum number
of end users, rather than the maximum number of WSAs, with a
maximum of 25000 end users in an AAR.
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Satellite Block Diagram
Source: NBN Co
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Satellite NTD
The ODU key components include: • Parabolic satellite terminal antenna
• Ka-Band VSAT transceiver
• Interface to the IDU
The IDU key components include: • 4 UNI-D ports,
• Layer 2 Ethernet Switch
• Embedded Transparent Performance Enhancing Proxy (TPEP) software client
• Interface to the ODU
A standard AC power supply is used to power the IDU and through that the ODU
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Satellites
NBN Co is building two, multi-spot beam, geostationary, "bent-pipe”, Ka-band,
telecommunications satellites for the Satellite Access Solution with the following
characteristics:
Two satellites to enable service redundancy and load balancing of users.
Multi-spot beam design on each satellite enabling 70Gbps forward path and
20Gbps return path system capacity to best support the regional and remote
Australian population and utilise the optimum broadband user experience from
the amount of RF spectrum available.
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Satellite Spot Beams
Source: NBN Co
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Satellite RF Gateways
To achieve the optimum RFGW trunk link performance, the following design criteria are optimised:
• Maximum gateway to gateway geographical separation,
• Location of gateways away from projected user high density areas,
• Services available at gateway locations (highly reliable power, transit network connectivity,
ACMA TX and RX license approvals, Australian security agency approvals, etc)
• Gateway to User beam RF interference characteristics
• Frequency and polarity reuse strategy for gateway and user beams,
• the satellite’s antenna specifications and RF filter design capabilities, and
• the VSAT system’s advanced RF channel adaptive power management and modulation
schemes.
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Spectrum and Orbital Slots
RFGW to Satellite Uplink 27.0 – 28.5 GHz
Satellite to VSAT Downlink 17.7 ‐18.2 GHz, 18.8 ‐19.3 GHz and 19.7 ‐ 20.2 GHz
VSAT to Satellite Uplink 28.5 – 29.1 GHz
Satellite to RFGW Downlink 18.2‐ 18.8 GHz
RF Auto Tracking Downlink 29.5 – 29.54 GHz
Uplink Power Control 19.3 – 19.35 GHz
Designed to operate at the orbital slots of 140 deg E and 145 deg E.
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Regional and Public Wi-Fi
Source: Telstra
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Mobile Cellular
Macrocells using 700MHz out to 35km cell size – shared towers?
Small cells for high user numbers – size of cell depends on frequency and transmit power
pico (200m) femtocells (10-30m)
Installation Operator Customer
Transmission to
operators network Operator Customer
Frequency Centrally planned Locally determined
Site rental Operator Customer
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Teething problems and delays
1. Telstra agreement
2. Telstra Asbestos +
construction interaction
Source: NBN Co and Rod Tucker
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Caused this
At least a one year delay on initial
projections. But worse was to
come in early 2013 before the
rollout finally gathered steam just
in time for the September
election.
Source: NBN Co and Rod Tucker
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Government Intervention
Knowing when it is time to intervene is an insight
Knowing how to intervene without making a situation
worse is a gift
1997 – 2014 and counting…
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Nielsen
What do we need?
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Key Issues
Telstra – wholesale and retail
Legislation and Regulation
Multi-Technology Mix (FTTP, FTTB, FTTdp, FTTN, HFC, Fixed Wireless, Satellite)
Construction
Backhaul charges
Universal service
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Universal Service Obligation
Telecommunications is an essential service
The Universal Service Obligation should be updated to
include wholesale data and backhaul
Government announces review at ACCAN USO Forum in
March 2015
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