nation building final

8/8/2019 Nation Building Final

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ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN

NATION BUILDING

Prof. Sanjay Salve (B.E. Metallurgy, MBA-HR)


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SONG OF THE ENGINEER5

I take the vision which comes from dreams

And apply the magic of science andmathematics

Adding the heritage of my profession

And my knowledge of Natures materialsTo create a design.


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I organize the efforts and skills of my

fellow workers

Employing the capital of the thriftyAnd the products of many industries

And together we work toward our goal

Undaunted by hazards and obstacles.


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And when we have completed our task

All can see

That the dreams and plans have

materialized

For the comfort and welfare for all.


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I am an Engineer.

I serve mankindBy making dreams come

true.


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Do EngineersHave Social

Responsibilities?

People enjoy what technology can do for them while often ignoring what it can do to them

--Edward Wenk


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What does having social responsibilities

mean?


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Social Responsibility

It means a commitment from the engineeringprofession, and, by proxy, the individual engineerswho belong to the profession, to place the publicsafety and interest ahead of all other considerationsand obligations (with certain caveats to be explained

later).


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It means that engineers take into account and

show due regard for the consequences of theirconduct for the well-being of others as well as

for the impact of their work on society and the

citizenry.


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Social Responsibility

This requires the engineer to make determined

efforts to discover all of the relevant facts

concerning the design, development, and

deployment and all of the possible outcomes

of the choices available that may positively

and negatively affect/impact society and the

citizenry


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Social Responsibilities of Engineers (Some Examples)

Ensure the safety and well-being of the public Ensure that societys funds and resources

concerning technology are well used Refusing to work on a particular project or for

a particular company


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Social Responsibilities of Engineers

Speaking out publicly against a proposedproject

Blowing the whistle on illegality or wrong-

doing Professional Societies obligation to provide

protection for whistleblowers


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Individual and organizational concern aboutthe impact of engineering projects on society

Contributing ones services to worthy, non-profit

groups and projects Engineering schools commitment to educating

future engineers about their socialresponsibilities

Social Responsibilities of Engineers


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Code of Ethics for Engineers

Engineers shall, in fulfilling their responsibilities to thecommunity:

Protect the safety, health and welfare of the public and speakout against abuses in these areas affecting the public

interest;

Contribute professional advice, as appropriate, to civic,charitable or other non-profit organizations;

Seek to extend public knowledge and appreciation of theengineering profession and its achievements


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Professionalism

WHAT IS A PROFESSIONAL?

Originally, one who professed adherence to monastic vows of a religious order.* a free act of commitment to a specific way of life* allegiance to high moral standards

* skill, knowledge, practice of an art

WHAT IS A PROFESSIONAL?

Today, it is one who is duly qualified in a specific field

* special theoretical knowledge or education* appropriate experience

* knowledge and skills vital to the well-being of a large potion ofsociety

* Professional organization and a code of ethic* special social sanction


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MODELS OF PROFESSIONALISM

Social Contract Model

Professionals are guardians of the public trust

Professions are social institutionsthey are organized by someact of society and are granted special powers in return forsocially beneficial goods and services (Licensure)

An implicit, unstated agreement exists between professionaland society

Society may subsidize training of professionals


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The Intrinsic Nature of Engineering

The Narrow Definition

Engineering is the science and art of efficient

dealing with materials and forces ... it involves the

most economic design and execution ... assuring,

when properly performed, the most advantageous

combination of accuracy, safety, durability, speed,

simplicity, efficiency, and economy possible for the

conditions of design and service.


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The Broad Definition

Engineering is the application of science to the common purposeof life.

Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of power innature for the use and convenience of man.

Engineering is the art of organizing and directing men andcontrolling the forces and materials of nature for the benefit ofthe human race.

Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of themathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience,and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize,economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefitof mankind.

--Engineers Council for Professional Development (1961/1979)


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The Broad Definition

The engineer is the key figure in the material progress of the

world. It is his engineering that makes a reality of the potentialvalue of science by translating scientific knowledge into tools,resources, energy and labor to bring them into the service ofman ... To make contributions of this kind the engineer requiresthe imagination to visualize the needs of society and to

appreciate what is possible as well as the technological andbroad socialunderstanding to bring his vision to reality.


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Engineering and Ethics

If we accept these definitions of engineering, it iscrucial to realize the centrality of ethical concerns atthe core of the engineering enterprise

Concern for social well being and humanity are partof the very definition of engineering

Assuming the intellectual rigor of these definitions, theneed of ethics in engineering id nothing superfluous or

added, but it is the essence of the engineeringprofession


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Technological Democratism

Synthesis: Technology is mediated, both acting on andacted upon by society. Technology is so powerful thatphilosophical thought about its development and useis seriously needed

Responsibility of being accountable for the effects oftechnology on our lives and the ways in whichtechnology may involve values and possible hiddensocial agendas

Responsibility for engineers, corporations, and societyto deliberate together about how technology canbest be developed and used to promote the socialand human good


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Engineering and Social Values

In view of the enormous power of technology andscience and the enormous potential risks they pose, itis indispensable to stimulate and develop theconsciousness of the moral responsibility of engineers

There exists an urgent need to complement technicalknowledge with the development of values, attitudes,and knowledge that facilitate professional and

ethical excellence It is necessary to develop social skills and team work

based in the respect for the proper values of civicand social ethics


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Engineering

HumanitiesScience

Natural Science Humanities

Where should we put the academic study of Engineering on this continuum?

The Segregation of Academic Disciplines/Fields of Study


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Engineering as a Humanity

Is Engineering more like Natural Science or morelike a field of studies in the Humanities?

If you look at the very definition of engineering,

you will see that engineering is intimately connectedto the humanities because it is the application ofscientific theory to solve certain problems ofhumanitynamely its need for technology


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The Social and Professional Responsibilities of Engineersby Deborah Johnson

I. Guns for Hire

II. Personal and Professional Values

III. Risk and Public Consent

Engineers should refuse to work on projects they deem to conflict with their

(personal) morals

Engineers should refuse to work on projects that increase societal risk or degrade

public safety unless the public is informed and consents

Engineers should provide their skills to anyone irrespective of moral convictions

(within limits of law)


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Technological Optimism

Technology gives rise to powerful enabling factors

which greatly enhance human powers and helps

maximize human freedom, decreases human

disease, and creates abundant material wealth andwell-being which heightens improved social

standards


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Solution Engineers Must Think Philosophically and

Ethically About Technology and Social Values: Five Theses

1. Technology can be used to implement politicaland social values

2. Technology can change our life world. It produces

forms of life3. Technology can change our relationship to nature

4. Technology can require a certain type of politicalor social organization

5. Technology can have embedded values


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Engineering graduates must demonstrate

following eleven general skills and abilities:

a. an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering

b. an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze andinterpret data

c. an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needswithin realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political,ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability

d. an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams

e. an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems

f. an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility

g. an ability to communicate effectively

h. the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions

in a global, economic, environmental, and societal contexti. a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning

j. a knowledge of contemporary issues

k. an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessaryfor engineering practice.


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OUR PATH TO DEVELOPMENT


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The Model of Development

Increase wealth of nation through Planned

growth in agriculture and industry--emphasis

on centralized technologies

The wealth would trickle down to masses thus

alleviating poverty

Help to village industries only a stop gaparrangement for quick employment

generation


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WE NEED HOLISTIC

GROWTH WITH

SOCIAL JUSTICE


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Rural Technology


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Holistic Growth with Social justice

Development should be holistic & Non-exploitative, i.e.

sustainable

Possible only in Self sufficient Village Republics :Gram-swaraj & Swadeshi ---wealth generation in a

distributed manner & not re-distribution of wealth

generated centrally

Need for Rural Industrialization--decentralised

production


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Hope for the future ?


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Role of Technical

Institutions..somesuggestions?


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Technical Feasibility

Develop technologies and management practices

to make decentralized production competitive

Student Projects ( at all levels)

Practical training

Rural entrepreneurship as a viable career

Rural Energy & Infrastructure Development

Identify policy changes to give due recognition to such R&D work

Some

suggestions


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Social Feasibility

Introduce Education in Human Values in the

Curriculum

What , Why and How of Value inculcation ?

Interaction of Science Technology and Human Values -sustainable development

Engineering Ethics

Conduct Training programmes to sensitize

professional engineers , scientists & NGOs

Some

suggestions


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Social Feasibility

Introduce Education in Human Values in the

Curriculum

What , Why and How of Value inculcation ?

Interaction of Science Technology and Human Values -sustainable development

Engineering Ethics

Conduct Training programmes to sensitize

professional engineers , scientists & NGOs

Some

suggestions


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Arguments/rationales for the Social Responsibility of

Engineers

1. Codes of Ethics

2. Professionalism

3. Social Contract Model

4. Engineering Societies

5. Principle of Proportionate Care

6. Engineering as Social Experimentation

7. The Intrinsic Purpose of Engineering Itself8. The Impacts of Technology on Society


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Reintegrating Engineering and Philosophy

Today's conflicts between the views that the humanities hold of

science and engineering and the views science and engineering

hold of the humanities weaken the very core of our culture. Their

cause is lack of integration in today's education among

subjectsA new[multidisciplinary model]is needed toprovide every educated person with a basic understanding of the

endeavors and instruments that help us address our world and

shape a new morality-the humanities, in the noblest sense of the

word, to civilize, science to understand nature, and engineering,broadly defined, to encompass the kindred activities that modify

nature. Integration of these endeavors is urgentNo domain can

any longer be considered and learned in isolation... George Bugliarello,


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A New Century

20th Century:

Physics, Electronics, and High-Speed Communicationsand Transportation

21st Century:

Biology and Information, but also Energy, Water, and Sustainability


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Its not all about numbers, but

Venture capital is the search for smart

engineers.

--Floyd Kvamme

Kleiner-Perkins


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Manufacturing Projects already

look like this.

But with many more boxes and countries!

For example, the new Boeing 787

Reportedly has 132,500 engineered parts

Produced in 545 global locations.


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A New Century with

New Technological Frontiers


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With New Engineering Frontiers

Bio

Info

Nano

Smaller and Smaller

Faster and FasterMore and More Complex


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Engineering Frontiers

MacroEnergy

Environment

Health CareManufacturing

Communications

Logistics

Larger and Larger

More and More ComplexGreat Societal Importance


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Frontiers and Synergies

MacroEnergy

Environment


Communications

Logistics

Nano

BioInfo

Natural Science

Science and Engineering

Are Merging.


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MacroEnergy

Environment


Communications

Logistics

Nano

BioInfo

Social Science

These engineering systems need

social science, management, andhumanities / communications.


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Must be reflected in university education.

MacroEnergy

Environment


Communications

Logistics

Nano

BioInfo

Social Science

Natural Science


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The Payoff will come from

Bridging the Frontiers

MacroEnergy

Environment


Communications

Logistics

Bio

Info

Nano

Bio-based materials

BiomemeticsPersonalized, Predictive

Medicine

Synthetic BiologyBiofuelsEtc.


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Bridging the FrontiersOur students must be prepared to do this.

MacroEnergy

Environment


Communications

Logistics

Bio

Info

Nano

Bio-based materials


Medicine



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Bridging the FrontiersOur students must be prepared to do this.

MacroEnergy

Environment


Communications

Logistics

Bio

Info

Nano

Bio-based materials


Medicine



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In this New Century

Engineering is Dynamic

with Exciting Frontiers

and Grand Challenges


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Engineering is not static.

20th century Stovepipes:

Scientists discovered.

Engineers created.

Doctors healed.


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Engineering is not static.

21st century science, engineering,and medicine are:

Totally interdependent

Blending together in new ways


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Engineering is about Systems

From nanobiological devices

To large scale infrastructure

To the earth itself

And Engineering Systems


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And Engineering Systems

include, interact with, and serve:

People

Economies Business

Law

Politics

Culture


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Grand Challenges for Engineering

Proposed by a committee of amazingly

accomplished and innovative people.

Extremely challenging and important.

Deemed to be doable in the next few decades.


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Engineering Grand Challenges

Make Solar Energy Economical

Provide Energy from Fusion

Develop Carbon SequestrationMethods

Manage the Nitrogen Cycle

Provide Access to Clean Water

Engineer Better Medicines

Advance Health Informatics

Secure Cyberspace

Prevent Nuclear Terror

Restore and Improve UrbanInfrastructure

Reverse Engineer the Brain

Enhance Virtual Reality Advance Personalized Learning

Engineer the Tools of ScientificDiscovery


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Engineering Grand Challenges

Energy

Environment

Global Warming

Sustainability

Improve Medicine and

Healthcare Delivery

Reducing Vulnerability to

Human and Natural Threats

Expand and Enhance

Human Capability

And Joy


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Think about these Challenges

Some are imperative for human survival.

Some will make us more secure against natural and human

threats.

All will improve quality of life.

Most are of global scale.


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Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high


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Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high.

Where knowledge is free.

Where the world has not been broken up into fragments

By narrow domestic walls.

Where words come out from the depth of truth.

Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection.Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way

Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit.

Where the mind is led forward by Thee

Into ever-widening thought and action.

Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.

Rabindranath Tagore


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