Nathan Hale H.S. West Allis, WINathan Hale H.S. West Allis, WINathan Hale H.S. West Allis, WINathan Hale H.S. West Allis, WI

The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty

A Weak League of Nations

A Weak League of Nations

The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations

The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations

y No control of major conflicts.No control of major conflicts.y No progress in disarmament.No progress in disarmament.y No effective military force.No effective military force.

Decadence of the Weimar Republic

Decadence of the Weimar Republic

France – False Sense of Security?

France – False Sense of Security?

The MaginotLine

The MaginotLine

International AgreementsInternational Agreements

Locarno PactLocarno Pact – 1925 – 1925y France, Germany, Great France, Germany, Great

Britain, Britain, Italy Italy Guarantee existing frontiersGuarantee existing frontiers Establish DMZ 30 miles deep on Establish DMZ 30 miles deep on

East East bank of Rhine River bank of Rhine River

Refrain from aggression against Refrain from aggression against each each other other

Kellog-Briand PactKellog-Briand Pact – 1928 – 1928y Makes war illegal as a tool of Makes war illegal as a tool of

diplomacy diplomacy No enforcement provisionsNo enforcement provisions

The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935

Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935

Emperor Emperor Haile Haile

SelassieSelassie

Germany Invades the Rhineland

March 7, 1936

Germany Invades the Rhineland

March 7, 1936

U. S. Neutrality Acts:1934, 1935, 1937, 1939

U. S. Neutrality Acts:1934, 1935, 1937, 1939

America-First Committee

America-First Committee

Charles Lindbergh

Charles Lindbergh

y Carlists [ultra-Catholic monarchists].

y Catholic Church.

y Falange [fascist] Party.

y Monarchists.

y Anarcho-Anarcho-Syndicalists.Syndicalists.

y Basques.Basques.

y Catalans.Catalans.

y Communists.Communists.

y Marxists.Marxists.

y Republicans.Republicans.

y Socialists.Socialists.

y Anarcho-Anarcho-Syndicalists.Syndicalists.

y Basques.Basques.

y Catalans.Catalans.

y Communists.Communists.

y Marxists.Marxists.

y Republicans.Republicans.

y Socialists.Socialists.

TheNational

Front[Nationalists]

TheNational

Front[Nationalists]

ThePopularFront

[Republicans]

ThePopularFront

[Republicans]

The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco

The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WW II?

The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WW II?

Italian troops in Madrid

Italian troops in Madrid

“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937

The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937

The Austrian Anschluss, 1936The Austrian Anschluss, 1936

The “Problem” of theSudetenland

The “Problem” of theSudetenland

Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938

Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938

Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do

business with.

Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do

business with.

British Prime Minister Neville British Prime Minister Neville ChamberlainChamberlain

Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

Rome-Berlin Axis, 1939Rome-Berlin Axis, 1939

The “Pact of Steel”

The “Pact of Steel”

The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939

The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939

Foreign Ministers Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & von Ribbentrop &

MolotovMolotov

Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939

Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939

Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

German Troops March into Warsaw

German Troops March into Warsaw

European Theater of Operations

European Theater of Operations

The “Phoney War” Ends:

Spring, 1940

The “Phoney War” Ends:

Spring, 1940

Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940

Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940

France SurrendersJune, 1940

France SurrendersJune, 1940

A Divided FranceA Divided France

Henri PetainHenri Petain

The French ResistanceThe French Resistance

The Free The Free FrenchFrench

General Charles General Charles DeGaulleDeGaulle

The MaquisThe Maquis

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite PactSeptember, 1940

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite PactSeptember, 1940

Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!

Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union...........................$11 billionFrance......................................$ 3 billionChina.......................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 million

The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union...........................$11 billionFrance......................................$ 3 billionChina.......................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 million

The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941

Lend-LeaseLend-Lease

Battle of Britain:

The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:

The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

The Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air Force

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Chartery Roosevelt and Roosevelt and

Churchill sign Churchill sign treaty of treaty of friendship in friendship in August 1941.August 1941.

y Solidifies Solidifies alliance.alliance.

y Fashioned after Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Wilson’s 14 Points.Points.

y Calls for League Calls for League of Nations type of Nations type organization.organization.

Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest MistakeOperation Barbarossa:

Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

y 3,000,000 German 3,000,000 German soldiers.soldiers.y 3,400 tanks.3,400 tanks.

The “Big Three”The “Big Three”

Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph StalinStalin

Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942

Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

German Army Russian Army1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men

10,290 artillery guns

13,541 artillery guns

675 tanks 894 tanks

1,216 planes 1,115 planes

The North Africa Campaign:

The Battle of El Alamein, 1942

The North Africa Campaign:

The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst

Rommel,The “Desert Fox”

Gen. Ernst Rommel,

The “Desert Fox”

Gen. Bernard Law

Montgomery(“Monty”)

Gen. Bernard Law

Montgomery(“Monty”)

The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :

Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”

The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :

Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”

y Allies plan Allies plan assault on assault on weakest Axis weakest Axis area - North area - North Africa - Nov. Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1942-May 19431943

y George S. George S. PattonPatton leads leads American American troopstroops

y Germans Germans trapped in trapped in Tunisia - Tunisia - surrender surrender over 275,000 over 275,000 troops.troops.

The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943

The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943

General General George S. PattonGeorge S. Patton

The Battle of Monte Casino:February, 1944

The Battle of Monte Casino:February, 1944

The Allies Liberate Rome:June 5, 1944

The Allies Liberate Rome:June 5, 1944

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation

Overlord”]

Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation

Overlord”]

D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Normandy Landing

(June 6, 1944)

Higgins Landing Higgins Landing CraftsCrafts

German German PrisonersPrisoners

TThe Liberation of Paris:August 25, 1944TThe Liberation of Paris:August 25, 1944

De Gaulle in De Gaulle in Triumph!Triumph!

U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944

U. S. Troops in Paris, 1944

The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last Offensive

The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last Offensive

Dec. 16, 1944Dec. 16, 1944toto

Jan. 28, 1945Jan. 28, 1945

Yalta: February, 1945Yalta: February, 1945

y FDR wants quick Soviet entry into FDR wants quick Soviet entry into Pacific war.Pacific war.

y FDR & Churchill concede Stalin FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak spheres of influence and a weak Germany.Germany.

y Churchill wants Churchill wants strong Germany strong Germany as buffer as bufferagainst Stalin.against Stalin.

y FDR argues FDR argues for a ‘United for a ‘United Nations’.Nations’.

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River:

April 25, 1945

US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River:

April 25, 1945

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

CrematoriCrematoria at a at

MajdanekMajdanek

Entrance Entrance to to

AuschwitzAuschwitz

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Slave Labor at BuchenwaldSlave Labor at Buchenwald

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Mass Graves at Bergen-BelsenMass Graves at Bergen-Belsen

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

The FThe Füührer’s hrer’s BunkerBunker

Cyanide & PistolsCyanide & Pistols

Mr. & Mrs. HitlerMr. & Mrs. Hitler

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

General Keitel General Keitel

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of WarPresident Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

Pacific Theater of Operations

Pacific Theater of Operations

Paying for the WarPaying for the War

Paying for the WarPaying for the War

Paying for the WarPaying for the War

Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]

Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,

the Philippines [March, 1942]

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,

the Philippines [March, 1942]

Bataan Death March: April, 1942

Bataan Death March: April, 1942

76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to

POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines.

Bataan: British SoldiersBataan: British Soldiers

A A LiberateLiberated British d British

POWPOW

The Burma CampaignThe Burma Campaign

The “Burma The “Burma Road”Road”

General Stilwell General Stilwell Leaving Burma, Leaving Burma,

19421942

Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”

Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,

NM

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,

NM

Dr. Robert Dr. Robert OppenheimerOppenheimer

I am become death,

the shatterer of worlds!

I am become death,

the shatterer of worlds!

Major GeneralMajor GeneralLesley R. Lesley R. GrovesGroves

Tinian Island, 1945Tinian Island, 1945

Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man

Enola GayEnola Gay CrewCrew

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed 70,000 killed immediately.immediately.

© 48,000 buildings. 48,000 buildings.

destroyed.destroyed.© 100,000s died of 100,000s died of

radiation radiation poisoning & poisoning & cancer later.cancer later.

V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

WW II Casualtie

s

WW II Casualtie

s

Country Country Men in war Men in war Battle deaths Battle deaths WoundedWounded

Australia Australia 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,976 26,976 180,864180,864

Austria Austria 800,000 800,000 280,000 280,000 350,117350,117

Belgium Belgium 625,000 625,000 8,460 8,460 55,51355,51311

BrazilBrazil22 40,334 40,334 943 943 4,2224,222

Bulgaria Bulgaria 339,760 339,760 6,671 6,671 21,87821,878

Canada Canada 1,086,3431,086,34377 42,04242,04277 53,14553,145

ChinaChina33 17,250,5217,250,521 1

1,324,516 1,324,516 1,762,0061,762,006

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia — — 6,6836,68344 8,0178,017

Denmark Denmark — — 4,339 4,339 ——

Finland Finland 500,000 500,000 79,047 79,047 50,00050,000

France France — — 201,568 201,568 400,000400,000

Germany Germany 20,000,0020,000,000 0

3,250,0003,250,00044 7,250,0007,250,000

Greece Greece — — 17,024 17,024 47,29047,290

Hungary Hungary — — 147,435 147,435 89,31389,313

India India 2,393,891 2,393,891 32,121 32,121 64,35464,354

Italy Italy 3,100,000 3,100,000 149,496149,49644 66,71666,716

Japan Japan 9,700,000 9,700,000 1,270,000 1,270,000 140,000140,000

Netherlands Netherlands 280,000 280,000 6,500 6,500 2,8602,860

New Zealand New Zealand 194,000 194,000 11,62511,62544 17,00017,000

Norway Norway 75,000 75,000 2,000 2,000 ——

Poland Poland — — 664,000 664,000 530,000530,000

Romania Romania 650,000650,00055 350,000350,00066 ——

South Africa South Africa 410,056 410,056 2,473 2,473 ——

U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. — — 6,115,0006,115,00044 14,012,0014,012,0000

United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,896,000 5,896,000 357,116357,11644 369,267369,267

United States United States 16,112,5616,112,566 6

291,557 291,557 670,846670,846

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 3,741,000 3,741,000 305,000 305,000 425,000425,000

1. Civilians only.2. Army and navy figures.3. Figures cover period

July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.

4. Deaths from all causes.5. Against Soviet Russia;

385,847 against Nazi Germany.

6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany.

7. National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

Massive Human Dislocations

Massive Human Dislocations

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two

Superpowers of the later 20c

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two

Superpowers of the later 20c

The Beginning of theAtomic Age

The Beginning of theAtomic Age

Potsdam Conference:July, 1945

Potsdam Conference:July, 1945

y FDR dead, Churchill out of office as FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference.Prime Minister during conference.

y Stalin only original.Stalin only original.y The United States The United States

has the A-bomb. has the A-bomb.y Allies agree Germany Allies agree Germany

is to be divided into is to be divided into occupation zones occupation zones

y Poland moved Poland moved around to suit around to suit the Soviets. the Soviets.

P.M. Clement President P.M. Clement President JosephJoseph Atlee Truman Stalin Atlee Truman Stalin

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of

the Cold War

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of

the Cold War

The Division of Germany:1945 - 1990

The Division of Germany:1945 - 1990

The Creation of the U. N.

The Creation of the U. N.

The Nuremberg War Trials:

Crimes Against Humanity

The Nuremberg War Trials:

Crimes Against Humanity

Japanese War Crimes Trials

Japanese War Crimes Trials

General General Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

Bio-Bio-Chemical Chemical

ExperimentExperimentss

Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:

Too Little, Too Late!

Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:

Too Little, Too Late!V-1 Rocket:V-1 Rocket:

“Buzz “Buzz Bomb”Bomb”

V-2 V-2 RocketRocket

Werner von Werner von BraunBraun

The Race for SpaceThe Race for Space

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist

Movements

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist

Movements

The De-Colonization of European Empires

The De-Colonization of European Empires

And …

What the @%&# does this mean?

Picasso’s Cock of Liberation , 1944