nasa history program

7/28/2019 NASA History Program

1/90

research in

nasa history

a G u i d e t o t e n a s a h i t o r y P r

Steven J. Dick

Stephen J. GarberJane H. Odom

Compilers

m o n o g r a p h s i n a e r o s p a c e h i s t o r y , n o

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

iiirrirr-r-rrr

ii- -

I S B N 9 7 8 - 0 -1 6 - 0 8 26 0 1 - 6

9 7 8 0 1 6 0 8 2 6 0 1 6

9 0 0 0 0

NASA Hstoy Dvson

Ofce of External RelationsNASA Headquarters

Washington, DC 20546

April 2009NASA SP-2009-4543


2/90

Cover Images:

In 1995, the Hubble Space Telescope captured images o the majestic spiral galaxy NGC 4414. An

international team o astronomers, led by Dr. Wendy Freedman o the Observatories o the Carnegie

Institution o Washington, observed this galaxy on 13 dierent occasions over the course o two months.

Hubbles Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) acquired images through three dierent color lters.

(Space Telescope Science Institute image PR99-25)

The NASA-Army-Bell XV-15 tiltrotor research aircrat hovers during a test fight in 1976. The aircrat

demonstrated conversion and orward fight in 1978 as the rst tilting rotor vehicle to solve the problems

o prop whirl. As a result o tremendously dicult research, the tiltrotor aircrat was able to combine the

advantages o vertical lito and landing capabilities, which are inherent to the traditional helicopter, with

the orward speed and range o a xed-wing turboprop airplane. (NASA image Ames EC80-75)

This gravity model o Arica and Europe was prepared using data rom the Gravity Recovery and Climate

Experiment (GRACE), which was launched on 17 March 2002. (Figure prepared by The University

o Texas Center or Space Research as part o a collaborative data-analysis eort with the NASA Jet

Propulsion Laboratory and the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam. Image provided by University o Texas

Center or Space Research and NASA.)

The Space Shuttle Atlantis takes fight on its STS-27 mission on 2 December 1988, 9:30 a.m. eastern

time. (NASA image MSFC 898508)


3/90

RESEARCH IN

A G u i d e t o t h e N A S A H i s t o r y P r o g r

Steven J. DickStephen J. Garber

Jane H. Odom

Compilers

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationOfce o External Relations

History Division

Washington, DC 20546

M O N O G R A P H S I N A E R O S P A C E H I S T O R Y , N O . 4 3

Third Edition

2009

NASA SP-2009-4543


4/90

9 0 0 0 0

y

ISBN 9

I S B N 9 7 8- 0 - 16 - 08 2 60 1 -6

9 0 0 0 0

9 7 8 0 1 6 0 8 2 6 0 1 6

roF as le b ehy t S pu eri tn dne e tn fo co muD e tn s, .U S. G vo mner e tn Pr tni gni OfficetnI ener koobt: st ro . opge vog. P noh e lot: l free 668( ) 215 - 0081 ; DC area 202( ) 215 - 0081

Fa :x 202( ) 215 - 4012 Ma Sil: pot IDCC, Wa hs i gn t no , D 20402C - 1000

IS BN 978-0-16-082601-6

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Research in NASA history : a guide to the NASA history program / Steven J. Dick . . . [et al.] compilers.3rd ed.p. cm.(Monographs in aerospace history ; No. 43)Includes bibliographical reerences and index.1. United States. National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationHistory. 2. AstronauticsUnited StatesHistory.I. Dick, Steven J. II. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. History Ofce.TL521.312.R475 2008025.0662940973dc22 2008010945


5/90

Contents

Pat 1: The NASA Histoy Pogam 5

1. Introduction 7

2. The NASA History Program 9

3. NASA History Series Publications 13

Pat 2: Souces o NASA Histoy in the Washington, DC, Aea 25

4. Resources o the NASA History Division 27

5. Resources at Related NASA Ofces 37

6. Guide to Related Government History Resources 39

Pat 3: Souces o NASA Histoy at the Centes 45

7. Historical Research at the NASA Centers 47

8. Historical Materials at Ames Research Center 49

9. Historical Materials at Dryden Flight Research Center 51

10. Historical Materials at Glenn Research Center 53

11. Historical Materials at Goddard Space Flight Center (Including Wallops Flight Facility) 55

12. Historical Materials at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caliornia Institute o Technology 57

13. Historical Materials at Johnson Space Center 59

14. Historical Materials at Kennedy Space Center 69

15. Historical Materials at Langley Research Center 75

16. Historical Materials at Marshall Space Flight Center 83

17. Historical Materials at Stennis Space Center 85

Contents


6/90

History is not just a backdrop or a scene-setter. History is cause.

Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report, volume 1 (2003), p. 195

Progress, far from consisting in change, depends on retentiveness . . . .

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

George Santayana, The Life of Reason (1905)


7/90

PArT 1:

The NASAHistory Program


8/90


9/90

Intoduction

As the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) celebrated its 50th anniversaryin 2008, historians as well as scientists and engineers could look back on a record o accomplishment. Much has been written about the evolution o NASAs multiaceted programs andthe people who carried them out. Yet much remains to be done, and we hope this publication

will acilitate research in this important eld.

As an active internal unction, NASA history also marks its 50th year in 2009. Aware o the

historic mission on which it was embarking, NASA hired its rst Chie Historian, Eugene M.Emme, in 1959. Emme remained on the job until 1978 and was the rst o an unbroken lineo NASA Chie Historians that included Monte D. Wright (197882), Sylvia Fries (198390), andRoger D. Launius (19902002). These individuals also served as Directors o the History Oceat NASA Headquarters. As is evident rom this publication, the various NASA Centers also carryout historical and archival unctions.

Research in NASA Historydescribes the eorts o NASA to capture and record the events oits past and to make that past accessible to NASA personnel, the historical community, andresearchers. It describes the research opportunities and accomplishments o NASAs Agency-

wide history program. It also oers a concise guide to the historical documentary resourcesavailable at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC; at NASA acilities located around the coun

try; and through the ederal records systems.

This third edition oResearch in NASA Historyreplaces the rst two editions published in 1992and 1997, respectively. Those editions were preceded byHistory at NASA (1986), prepared bySylvia Fries, and the Guide to Research in NASA History, rst issued in 1976 and written by AlexRoland (second through seventh editions).

As an introduction to the eld o space history, researchers may wish to consult Critical Issuesin the History o Spaceight (NASA SP-2006-4702), edited by Steven J. Dick and Roger D.Launius and published in 2006. Readers will nd there some measure o the riches that awaitresearchers in NASA history.

Steven J. Dick

NASA Chie HistorianDirector, NASA History DivisionFebruary 2009

Introduction


10/90


11/90

The NASA Histoy Pogam

Background and PurPose

First established in 1959, the NASA History Program isone o more than 250 public history unctions withinthe ederal government. It is a dedicated, long-termeort to provide a comprehensive understanding othe institutional, cultural, social, political, economic,

technological, and scientic aspects o NASAs activities in aeronautics and space. The program resultedrom an executive order, rst issued by PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt and periodically reemphasized,that ederal agencies objectively record the history otheir activities in order to assess policy and departmental eectiveness.

NASA maintains this historical program or three principal reasons:

1. Publication o historical research on U.S. civilian

aerospace activities sponsored by NASA is oneo the ways NASA responds to that provision othe National Aeronautics and Space Act o 1958,as amended, which requires NASA to provide orthe widest practicable and appropriate dissemination o inormation concerning its activities and theresults thereo [42 U.S.C. 2473(a)(3)].

2. Historical research also responds to NASAs mandate to study the societal impact o space exploration, namely the establishment o long-rangestudies o the potential benets to be gainedrom, the opportunities or, and the problems

involved in the utilization o aeronautical andspace activities or peaceul and scientic purposes [42 U.S.C. 2451(d)(4)].

3. The thoughtul study o NASA history can assistAgency managers in accomplishing the missionsthat are assigned to the Agency. UnderstandingNASAs past promotes a more complete understandingo its present condition and illuminates possibleuture courses, including corrective measures tobe taken. As the Columbia Accident Investigation

Board concluded in itsReport, History is not justa backdrop or a scene-setter. History is cause(vol. 1, p. 9).

These grand strategic ideas have ound tangible expression in eorts to ensure that the documentary oundation o the Agencys history is captured and preserved

or current and uture generations, to stimulate historical research in areas o inquiry that may broaden ourperceptions o the modern age o aerospace researchand development, and to disseminate the results o the

Agencys historical documentation and research activities. The result o these eorts has been a multileveleort to preserve and disseminate historical knowledgeabout the Agency.

The NASA History Division has built a signicant collection o reerence materials organized by subject or useby both the public and NASA personnel. These resources

are used or answering specic requests or inormationby NASA ocials and or researching and writing Agencyhistory. The oce also encourages the developmento similar collections at NASA Centers throughout thenation. Thevisitors log at theNASA Headquarters HistoryDivision is evidence o the hundreds o persons insideand outside the Agency who have used these materialsin their daily work. As numerous authors have graciouslyacknowledged, the NASA History Program has providedthe indispensable starting point or research in the historyo ederally sponsored aerospace research and development. From school students preparing a class report tobusy NASA managersrom congressional staers, doc

umentary lm producers, and journalists to dissertationwritersall sorts o researchers have come to rely onNASAs Agency-wide History Program or help in theirpursuit o knowledge.

The NASA History Division also has long been active inproviding context and details o historical developments

within NASA or use by internal management in assisting with policy decision-making. These sta supportactivities have taken the orm o answering inormationrequests, researching and writing short historical papers

The NASA History Program


12/90

on issues o signicance inside the Agency, and preparing briengs and lectures on contemporary concerns thatcan be illuminated with historical inormation.

In addition, the NASA History Program has emphasized,as its hallmark, the research and writing o a wide range

o scholarly works on the history o the American aerospace program. Funded by the Agency, a large number ouniversity and independent scholars have contributed tothe publication o an impressive series o ocial books,monographs, and journal articles. The program also hasostered historical research through an annual researchellowship competition administered by the AmericanHistorical Association (AHA) and, more recently,through its sponsorship o the History o Science SocietyFellowship in the History o Space Science, as well as theNASA Fellowship in the History o Space Technology.Each o these activities is described in subsequent sections o this publication.

During its rst decade, the NASA History Oce conducted these three aspects o its missionreerencematerials collection, sta support, and historical researchand writingas a balanced program.Administrator JamesE. Webb (196168) was an active user and supporter othe division, and other senior-level NASA managers otenasked the oce to provide inormation and context ortheir then-current concerns. In addition, widespread public interest in the early human spacefight program ledNASA to emphasize the publication o narrative historieso the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo projects, all o which

were published in the 1960s and 1970s. The atermatho the Challengerand Columbia tragedies has broughtabout major changes in the way NASA sends humansinto space, and scientists, scholars, and even the generalpublic look to this recent past in order to gain a betterunderstanding o NASAs direction.

With the exception o a limited number o space science, NASA management, and unpiloted space projecthistories, NASAs historical publications have ocusedoverwhelmingly on the human spacefight program. Theproessional credibility o these publications has beenconsistently high because the Chie Historian (serving

as the Director o the NASA History Division) has takengreat care to ensure that manuscripts or publicationreceive thorough peer and technical review to guarantee accuracy and objectivity. More recently, the NASAHistory Division, in conjunction with the Science MissionDirectorate, has begun supporting a large number o histories o space and Earth science in order to redress theimbalance o previous decades. Similarly, it is addressinglarge thematic gaps in NASA history, including the societal impact o spacefight, NASAs international relations,and its lie sciences and aeronautics programs. And, as

section 3 o this volume shows, the NASA History Divisioncontinues to update its series o reerence works, including the documentary histories Exploring the Unknownand The Wind and Beyond.

To answer research questions rom NASA personnel,

journalists, scholars, students, and other interested parties rom around the world and to provide a oundationor historical research in aeronautics and space history,the NASA History Division maintains an on-site archive.The History Division also sponsors and organizes academic conerences, workshops, and special events several times each year, as well as posting and maintaining alarge number o Web sites on NASA history.

For NASA scientists and engineers who are unamiliarwith history, as well as academically oriented historianswho are unamiliar with NASA, the Thinking AboutNASA History guide is a good introduction to what the

NASA History Program does and how. It is available athttp://history.nasa.gov/thinking/index.htmlon the Web.

Additional inormation on the NASA History Programmay be ound at http://history.nasa.gov/program.html.

The nasa hisTory divisions

organizaTional seTTing

The NASA History Division at Headquarters is a part othe Oce o External Relations, which reports to the

NASA Administrator. The history programs o each othe 10 NASA Centers are embedded in distinct hierarchies within their respective Centers. While this meansthat the Center history programs do not report to theNASA Chie Historian, the NASA History Division atHeadquarters coordinates closely with each Centersprograms and provides oversight on various CenterHistory projects. The Annual History Review meeting,held at a dierent Center each year, provides the opportunity or NASA historians and archivists to exchangeideas and coordinate plans.

indePendenT inquiry andnasa hisTory

The strength and reach o the NASA History Programthroughout its existence have been attributable to theestablished institutional commitments and practices othe larger organization it serves. Paramount among theseis that NASA is primarily a research community; thereore,the Agency appreciates the importance, in any attemptto understand human events, o independent inquiryand o a continuing dialogue among researchers. NASA

0 Research in NASA History
http://history.nasa.gov/thinking/index.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/program.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/program.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/thinking/index.html


13/90

does not intend the publications in its proessionally recognized History Series to be denitive accounts, norhas their original designation as ocial histories everimplied bureaucratic censorship or constraint o indi

vidual authors. NASAs history publications occasionallystimulate controversy both inside and outside the Agency.

This is as it should be, and it testies to the reedom givento NASA-sponsored historians to interpret historical evidence in light o their own best proessional judgment.

NASAs contractual agreements with scholars or historical research and writing contain an academic reedomclause that assures each scholar ull academic reedom oresearch and expression. All authors are asked to observethe highest proessional standards or achieving historical accuracy in the representation o acts and events.Interpretations should be based on solid primary-sourceevidence, and speculations should be noted as such. Inturn, NASA-sponsored researchers are granted access to

all relevant documents and data, subject only to nationalsecurity, Freedom o Inormation Act (FOIA), Privacy Act,export control, and proprietary considerations.

FellowshiP Program

As o 2009, the NASA History Division sponsors threeellowships:

1.The NASA-AHA Fellowship in AerospaceHistory. On behal o NASA, the American

Historical Association annually administers a ellowship competition or predoctoral or postdoctoral research in any area o NASA-relatedaerospace history. See the AHA Web site at http://www.historians.org/prizes/NASA.htm or urtherinormation.

2.The History o Science Society Fellowship inthe History o Space Science. This ellowshipunds a nine-month research project that is relatedto any aspect o the history o space science,rom the earliest human interest in space to thepresent. The program is broadly conceived and

includes the social, cultural, institutional, and personal context o space science history. Proposalso advanced research related to all aspects o thehistory o space science are eligible. Space sciences and sciences aected by data and conceptsdeveloped in connection with space explorationinclude astronomy, Earth science, optics, meteorology, oceanography, and physiology. The ellowship is open to applicants who hold a doctoraldegree in history or a closely related eld, as wellas students who have completed all requirements

or the Ph.D., except the dissertation, in the history o science or a related eld. The total stipendis $17,000 U.S.; the ellowship term is nine monthsand must all within the period o 1 July to 30 Juneo the award year. Go to http://hssonline.org orurther inormation and an application orm. The

deadline or applications is 1 March each year.

3.The NASA Fellowship in the History o SpaceTechnology. This ellowship, administered by theSociety or the History o Technology (SHOT),unds one predoctoral or postdoctoral Fellow orup to one academic year to undertake a researchproject related to the history o space technology.The ellowship may support advanced researchrelated to all aspects o space history and leading to publications on the history o space technology broadly considered, including cultural andintellectual history, institutional history, economic

history, the history o law and public policy, andthe history o engineering and management. Theellowship carries a total stipend o $17,000, paidquarterly. Funds may not be used to support tuitionor ees. The NASA Fellow will also receive complimentary SHOT membership or the year o ellowship. The Fellow will be oered opportunities topresent research results at SHOTs annual meeting,in SHOTs newsletter, in the electronic version oTechnology and Culture, through the SHOT Website, or in other outlets as appropriate. Fellows willcarry out their research projects using personal

oce space, equipment, and supplies. Applicantsmust possess a doctorate in the history o technology or in a closely related eld, or be enrolledas a student in a doctoral degree program andhave completed all the requirements or the Ph.D.,except the dissertation, in the history o technology or a related eld. Eligibility is not limitedto U.S. citizens or residents. More inormationis available at the SHOT Web site: http://www.historyotechnology.org/awards/nasa.html.

inTernshiPs

NASA is committed to the educational development outure generations. Each NASA Center oers sponsoredinternships on an ongoing basis or students majoringin a wide variety o academic elds. During the alland spring school semesters, unpaid internships areavailable or experience or academic credit. Paid ull-time internships are available during the summer as

well. Interns work on a wide variety o projects. Sometypical tasks include researching and writing biographical sketches; handling a wide variety o inormation

The NASA History Program
http://www.historians.org/prizes/NASA.htmhttp://hssonline.org/http://www.historyoftechnology.org/awards/nasa.htmlhttp://www.historians.org/prizes/NASA.htmhttp://www.historyoftechnology.org/awards/nasa.htmlhttp://hssonline.org/


14/90

requests; updating as well as creating Web pages;researching and documenting photos; and arranging,describing, and preserving archival materials. For themost current inormation on NASA History Divisioninternships at NASA Headquarters, please visit http://history.nasa.gov/interncall.htm.

conTracT oPPorTuniTies For

sPonsored research

A undamental characteristic o NASAs history is thatmany o its research and development programs are carried out by the university and industrial communitieson the basis o contracts with the Agency. As a result,aerospace research opportunities are not conned tothe Agency but are available to innumerable researchersin the private sector and in the academic community.Similarly, NASA has typically extended its opportunities

or Agency-sponsored historical research to university-aliated and independent scholars throughout the country. The entire scholarly community may thus benetrom NASAs history unction, while NASA in turn benets rom the knowledge and research talents o an ever-

widening circle o proessional historians.

Historical research and writing on the basis o a contract award dier rom the research grant more amiliarto many academic scholars in that contract historians areobligated to produce a specied product as a resulto their work. Depending on the contract (and each

contract is unique), a product might be a publishablemanuscript, a research report, a collection o documents,nding aids, or a combination o all our.

Periodically, the NASA History Division invites scholars tosubmit proposals or research, writing, and documentation projects on subjects o current interest to the Agency.These solicitations are publicized in the newsletter othe Society or the History o Technology, the History oScience Society, the Organization o American Historians,and the American Historical Association. They are alsoadvertised in the Commerce Business Daily, the ocial

vehicle or advertising all contracts awarded by the ed

eral government. The individual solicitation documentscontain ull details on the nature o the historical researchand writing desired and the specics o proposal preparation and submission.

The History Division maintains an electronic mailing listo individuals and organizations who want to receiveinormation on history contracts. To be added to this list,please ollow the directions available at http://history.nasa.gov/listserv.html online. Those specically interested in NASA contract opportunities may arrange to

receive tailored e-mail notications through the NASAProcurement Oces site at http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgibin/nens/index.cgion the Web.

Authors are also welcome to submit unsolicited NASAhistory proposals. There is guidance about how to do

this at http://history.nasa.gov/thinking/nasahist2.htmlon the Web.

http://history.nasa.gov/interncall.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/interncall.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/interncall.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/listserv.htmlhttp://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/nens/index.cgihttp://history.nasa.gov/thinking/nasahist-2.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/interncall.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/thinking/nasahist-2.htmlhttp://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/nens/index.cgihttp://history.nasa.gov/listserv.html


15/90

NASA Histoy Seies Publications

inTroducTion

The NASA History Divisions publication program is anongoing, long-term eort to publish books, monographs,articles, and other studies on the history o NASA andits multiaceted research and development o space andaeronautical systems, its space exploration eorts, and its

space science and applications programs. The publications issued under the auspices o the History Divisionrespond to the provisions o the National Aeronauticsand Space Act o 1958, which requires NASA to provideor the widest practicable and appropriate disseminationo inormation concerning its activities and the resultsthereo. The publications program is reappraised at regular intervals to ensure that subjects o priority to the

Agency are properly documented.

The nasa hisTory series

The list o published works rom the NASA History Divisionincludes books written by historians ocially employedby NASA as well as books prepared by historians workingunder contract to the Agency, by individuals outside ocial NASA channels, and occasionally by sta members.Books published as part o the NASA History Series havetypically appeared in the Special Publications (SP-4000)series and are classied in one o several categories.

Categoies o Publications

The NASA History Division has published signicant historical works in various categories, organized generallyby SP numbers, as ollows:

Reerence Works (SP-4000)The books in thiscategory provide inormation, usually in dictionary, encyclopedia, or chronological orm, or use byNASA personnel, scholars, and the public.

Management Histories (SP-4100)This categorycontains historical works analyzing the institutional

development o NASA, its institutional culture, andits broad unctions in the execution o its aeronauticsand space mission.

Project Histories (SP-4200)This category contains the largest number o works, all relating to the

various aeronautics and space eorts undertaken by

NASA over its history.

Center Histories (SP-4300)The books in thiscategory cover the specic histories o the variousNASA Field Centers.

General Histories (SP-4400)This categoryspublications analyze, in detail, a variety o topics ointerest to NASA, special issues in the developmento spacefight, and the evolution o the aerospaceprogram as it relates to the Agency.

Monographs in Aerospace History (SP-4500)These are studies, shorter than book length, thatocus on specic issues in NASAs history that haveimmediate relevance or public policy ormulationand administration.

Electronic Media (SP-4600)This category consists o media resources, including DVDs and CDs,available or research purposes.

Conerence Proceedings Series (SP-4700)Thiscategory includes the proceedings o NASA conerences and conventions.

Societal Impact Studies (SP-4800)The worksin this collection relate to the impact o space activities, programs, and technologies upon society.

New Series in NASA HistoryPublished by theJohns Hopkins University Press, this category obooks was initiated in 1987 to increase public awareness o the history o NASA.

NASA History Series Publications


16/90

Contractor Reports and Technical Memoranda

The publications in this category are designed orinternal NASA use to enhance Agency personnelsknowledge and use o history in their current work.

Historical Reports (HHR)This category includes

a series o studies, both published and unpublished,generated under the auspices o the NASA HistoryDivision to satisy requirements within the Agency.Many NASA History Series publications originated asHHRs, but only those not otherwise listed will benoted in this booklet.

NASA-Sponsored Historical Works Publishedby Other PressesThese are books sponsored byNASA but not published under NASA auspices.

TranslationsThis category consists o translations, many o them rom Russian, o classic studies

about space.

Purchasing nasa hisTory Books

The ollowing is a list o the various titles published in theNASA History Series. Many o these works, unortunately,are no longer in print. However, copies are available inmany government documents sections at major libraries,both university and public, throughout the United States;additionally, many o them are available online.

Books currently in print are available or sale throughthree dierent avenuesthrough theCenter orAeroSpaceInormation (CASI), the Government Printing Oce, andthe Inormation Center at Headquarters. Those publications available or purchase through CASI may be purchased online at http://www.sti.nasa.gov/. Likewise, those

works published through the Government Printing Ocemay be purchased online at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/or by mail. A list o NASA History publications availablethrough the Headquarters Inormation Center is available at http://www.hq.nasa.gov/oice/hqlibrary/ic/ic2.htm#pubs, although customers wishing to purchase publications rom the Inormation Center should either send a

check or money order or come in person. In-print monographs are made available to the public or the cost o asel-addressed, stamped envelope.

consolidaTed lisT is kePT

uPdaTed online

For an updated list indicating which publications arein print and how to purchase them, which are available online, and which are out o print, please see

http://history.nasa.gov/series95.html on the Web. Thissite also has links to online versions o other related

works that are not in the ormal NASA History Series opublications.

FlagshiP PuBlicaTions

Exploring the Unknown

This is a projected eight-volume series o selected documents in the history o the U.S. civil space program.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Linda J. Lear, JannelleWarren Findley, Ray A. Williamson, and Dwayne A.Day.Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents inthe History o the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume I:

Organizing or Exploration. NASA SP-4407, 1995.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Dwayne A. Day andRoger D. Launius. Exploring the Unknown: SelectedDocuments in the History o the U.S. Civil Space

Program, Volume II: External Relationships. NASASP-4407, 1996.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Roger D. Launius,David H. Onkst, and Stephen J. Garber. Exploringthe Unknown: Selected Documents in the History o

the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume III: Using Space.NASA SP-4407, 1998.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Ray A. Williamson,Roger D. Launius, Russell J. Acker, Stephen J. Garber,and Jonathan L. Friedman. Exploring the Unknown:Selected Documents in the History o the U.S. Civil

Space Program, Volume IV: Accessing Space. NASASP-4407, 1999.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Amy Paige Snyder,Roger D. Launius, Stephen J. Garber, and Regan

Anne Newport. Exploring the Unknown: SelectedDocuments in the History o the U.S. Civil Space

Program, Volume V: Exploring the Cosmos. NASASP-2001-4407, 2001.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Stephen J. Garber,Roger D. Launius, and Ray A. Williamson. Exploringthe Unknown: Selected Documents in the History o

the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VI: Space and

Earth Science. NASA SP-2004-4407, 2004.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Roger D. Launius.Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the

History o the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VII:

http://www.sti.nasa.gov/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/ic/ic2.htm#pubshttp://history.nasa.gov/series95.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/series95.htmlhttp://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/hqlibrary/ic/ic2.htm#pubshttp://www.gpoaccess.gov/http://www.sti.nasa.gov/


17/90

Human Spaceight: Projects Mercury, Gemini, and

Apollo. NASA SP-2008-4407, 2008.

The Wind and Beyond

How ideas about aerodynamics rst developed and how

the science and technology evolved to orge the airplaneinto the revolutionary machine that it became is the epicstory told in this projected six-volume series.

Hansen, James R., editor. The Wind and Beyond:Journey into the History o Aerodynamics in America,

Volume 1: The Ascent o the Airplane. NASA SP-20034409, 2003.


Volume 2: Reinventing the Airplane. NASA SP-20074409, 2007.

Brie Histories o NASA

Overviews o National Advisory Committee orAeronautics (NACA) and NASA accomplishments in aeronautics and space.

Anderson, Frank W., Jr. Orders o Magnitude: AHistory o NACA and NASA, 19151980. NASASP-4403, 1981. Out o print.

Bilstein, Roger E. Orders o Magnitude: A Historyo the NACA and NASA, 19151990

. NASA SP-4406,1989. Out o print.

Bilstein, Roger E. Testing Aircrat, Exploring Space:An Illustrated History o NACA and NASA. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. This book isan update oOrders o Magnitude: A History o theNACA and NASA, 19151990.

Critical Issues in the History o Spacefight

This is a volume consisting o scholarship on the currentstate o the discipline o space history presented in a joint

NASA and National Air and Space Museum (NASM) conerence in 2005. The essays presented in the book exploresuch issues as the motivations or spacefight and the relative merits o human and robotic space exploration.

Dick, Steven J., and Roger D. Launius. Critical Issues inthe History o Spaceight. NASA SP-2006-4702, 2006.

Societal Impact o Spacefight

The purpose o this volume is to examine the eects ospacefight on society through scholarly research, making use especially o the tools o the historian and thebroader social sciences and humanities. Has the Space

Age indeed had a signicant eect on society? I so, whatare those infuences? What do we mean by an impacton society? And what parts o society? Conversely, hassociety had any eect on spacefight? What would be dierent had there been no Space Age?

Dick, Steven J., and Roger D.Launius. Societal Impacto Spaceight. NASA SP-2007-4801, 2007.

Memoirs

This autobiography by Boris Chertok, a towering gurein Soviet/Russian space history, was originally published

in Russian and has now been specially translated andedited or publication in the NASA History Series. Thesetwo books are the rst o our volumes o Chertoksinsightul reminiscences on his 60-year career in aviationand space.

Chertok, Boris.Rockets and People, Volume I. NASASP-2005-4110, 2005. This volume is also availableonline.

Chertok, Boris. Rockets and People, Volume II:Creating a Rocket Industry. NASA SP-2006-4110,

2006.

This thoroughly researched, insightul biography bya ellow New Zealander who came to the U.S. and

worked with William Pickering, who became theDirector o the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), is atimely addition to the aerospace history literature andan engaging portrait o one o the pioneers o earlyU.S. robotic spacefight.

Mudgway,Douglas J.WilliamH.Pickering:AmericasDeep Space Pioneer. NASA SP-2007-4113, 2007.

Aeronautics and Space Report o the President

The annual Aeronautics and Space Report o thePresident is a summary o the governments aerospaceactivities each year. Mandated by law, it contains inormation on aerospace activities conducted by 14 ederaldepartments and agencies. It also contains an executivesummary organized by agency and narrative sectionsorganized by subject, as well as extensive appendicescontaining useul historical data on spacecrat launches,



18/90

budget gures, key policy documents rom the scalyear, and a glossary.

Electronic versions o the editions or 1995 through2006 are available rom http://history.nasa.gov/presrep.htm online.

Previous volumes are available in hard copy.

NASA Historical Data Books

The NASA Historical Data Book Series provides a statistical summary o the rst 40 years o the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA nances,personnel, and installations are covered, along with the

Agencys major programs and projects. Volumes I and IIare currently out o print and unavailable in electronicormat. Volumes VII and VIII or 198998 will be published soon.

Van Nimmen, Jane, and Leonard C. Bruno, withRobert L. Rosholt.NASA Historical DataBook,VolumeI: NASA Resources, 19581968. NASA SP-4012, 1976,rep. ed. 1988.

Ezell, Linda Neuman. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume II: Programs and Projects, 19581968. NASASP-4012, 1988.

Ezell, Linda Neuman. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume III: Programs and Projects, 19691978.

NASA SP-4012, 1988.

Gawdiak, Ihor, with Helen Fedor. NASA HistoricalData Book, Volume IV: NASA Resources, 19691978.NASA SP-4012, 1994.

Rumerman, Judy A. NASA Historical DataBook, Volume V: NASA Launch Systems, Space

Transportation, Human Spaceight, and Space

Science, 19791988. NASA SP-4012, 1999.

Rumerman, Judy A. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume VI: Space Applications, Aeronautics, and

Other Topics, 19791988. NASA SP-4012, 1999.

Rumerman, Judy A. NASA Historical DataBook, Volume VII: NASA Launch Systems, Space

Transportation/Human Spaceight, and Space

Science, 19891998, orthcoming in 2009.

Rumerman, Judy A. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume VIII: NASA Space Applications, Aeronautics,

Technology, Tracking and Data Acquisition, Facilities,

and Resources, 19891998, orthcoming in 2009.

Astronautics and Aeronautics Chronology

A chronology o events in aeronautics, aviation, spacescience, and space exploration.

Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1963: Chronology o

Science, Technology, and Policy. NASA SP-4004, 1964.Out o print.






Science, Technology, and Policy. NASA SP-4007, 1967.

Out o print.





















http://history.nasa.gov/presrep.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/presrep.htm


19/90



Astronautics and Aeronautics, 19791984: Chronology

o Science, Technology, and Policy. NASA SP-4024, 1988.

Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1985: Chronology oScience, Technology, and Policy. NASA SP-4025, 1990.

Gawdiak, Ihor Y., Ramon J. Miro, and Sam Stueland,compilers. Astronautics and Aeronautics, 19861990: A Chronology. NASA SP-4027, 1997.

Gawdiak, Ihor Y., and Charles Shetland.Astronauticsand Aeronautics, 19901995: A Chronology. NASASP-2000-4028, 2000.

nasa PuBlicaTions By sPecial

PuBlicaTion (sP) numBer

Reerence Works, NASA SP-4000

Grimwood, James M.Project Mercury: A Chronology.NASA SP-4001, 1963.

Grimwood, James M., and Barton C. Hacker, withPeter J. Vorzimmer. Project Gemini Technology andOperations: A Chronology. NASA SP-4002, 1969.

Link, Mae Mills. Space Medicine in Project Mercury.

NASA SP-4003, 1965.











Ertel, Ivan D., and Mary Louise Morse. The ApolloSpacecrat: A Chronology, Volume I: Through

November 7, 1962. NASA SP-4009, 1969.

Morse, Mary Louise, and Jean Kernahan Bays.The Apollo Spacecrat: A Chronology, Volume II:

November 8, 1962September 30, 1964. NASASP-4009, 1973.

Brooks, Courtney G., and Ivan D. Ertel. The ApolloSpacecrat: A Chronology, Volume III: October 1,

1964January 20, 1966. NASA SP-4009, 1973.

Ertel, Ivan D., and Roland W. Newkirk, with CourtneyG. Brooks. The Apollo Spacecrat: A Chronology,Volume IV: January 21, 1966July 13, 1974. NASASP-4009, 1978.



Newkirk, Roland W., and Ivan D. Ertel, withCourtney G. Brooks. Skylab: A Chronology. NASASP-4011, 1977.

Van Nimmen, Jane, and Leonard C. Bruno, withRobert L. Rosholt. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume I: NASA Resources, 19581968. NASASP-4012, 1976, rep. ed. 1988.

Ezell, Linda Neuman. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume II: Programs and Projects, 19581968.

NASA SP-4012, 1988.

Ezell, Linda Neuman. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume III: Programs and Projects, 19691978.

NASA SP-4012, 1988.

Gawdiak, Ihor, with Helen Fedor. NASA HistoricalData Book, Volume IV: NASA Resources, 19691978.

NASA SP-4012, 1994.

Rumerman, Judy A. NASA Historical DataBook, Volume V: NASA Launch Systems, Space

Transportation, Human Spaceight, and Space

Science, 19791988. NASA SP-4012, 1999.

Rumerman, Judy A. NASA Historical Data Book,Volume VI: Space Applications, Aeronautics, and

Other Topics, 19791988. NASA SP-4012, 1999.









20/90





Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1974: Chronology oScience, Technology, and Policy. NASA SP-4019, 1977.









Astronautics and Aeronautics, 19791984:

Chronology o Science, Technology, and Policy.

NASA SP-4024, 1988.



Noordung, Hermann. The Problem o Space Travel:The Rocket Motor. Edited by Ernst Stuhlinger and J. D.Hunley, with Jennier Garland. NASA SP-4026, 1995.

Gawdiak, Ihor Y., Ramon J. Miro, and Sam Stueland,compilers. Astronautics and Aeronautics, 19861990: A Chronology. NASA SP-4027, 1997.

Gawdiak, Ihor Y., and Charles Shetland.Astronauticsand Aeronautics, 19901995: A Chronology. NASASP-2000-4028, 2000.

Orlo, Richard W.Apolloby theNumbers: A StatisticalReerence. NASA SP-2000-4029, 2000.

Management Histories, NASA SP-4100

Rosholt, Robert L. An Administrative History oNASA, 19581963. NASA SP-4101, 1966.

Levine, Arnold S.Managing NASA in the Apollo Era.NASA SP-4102, 1982.

Roland, Alex.Model Research: The National AdvisoryCommittee or Aeronautics, 19151958. NASASP-4103, 1985.

Fries, Sylvia D. NASA Engineers and the Age oApollo. NASA SP-4104, 1992. Available online athttp://history.nasa.gov/SP4104/sp4104.htm.

Glennan, T. Keith. The Birth o NASA: The Diaryo T. Keith Glennan. Edited by J. D. Hunley. NASA

SP-4105, 1993.

Seamans, Robert C. Aiming at Targets: TheAutobiography o Robert C. Seamans. NASA SP-4106,1996.

Garber, Stephen J., editor. Looking Backward,Looking Forward: Forty Years o Human Spaceight

Symposium. NASA SP-2002-4107, 2002.

Mallick, Donald L., with Peter W. Merlin. The Smello Kerosene: A Test Pilots Odyssey. NASA SP-4108,2003.

Ili,Kenneth W., and Curtis L.Peebles.From Runwayto Orbit: Reections o a NASA Engineer. NASASP-2004-4109, 2004.

Chertok, Boris.Rockets and People, Volume I. NASASP-2005-4110, 2005.

Chertok,Boris.Rocketsand People,VolumeII: Creatinga Rocket Industry. NASA SP-2006-4110, 2006.

Lauer, Alexander, Todd Post, and Edward Homan.Shared Voyage: Learning and Unlearning rom

Remarkable Projects. NASA SP-2005-4111, 2005.

Dawson, Virginia P., and Mark D. Bowles.Realizingthe Dream o Flight: Biographical Essays in Honor o

the Centennial o Flight, 19032003. NASA SP-20054112, 2005.

Mudgway, Douglas J.William H. Pickering:AmericasDeep Space Pioneer. NASA SP-2008-4113, 2008.

Project Histories, NASA SP-4200

Swenson, Loyd S., Jr., James M. Grimwood, andCharles C. Alexander. This New Ocean: A History oProject Mercury. NASA SP-4201, 1966, rep. ed. 1999.

Green, Constance McLaughlin, and Milton Lomask.Vanguard: A History. NASA SP-4202, 1970; rep. ed.Smithsonian Institution Press, 1971.

Hacker, Barton C., and James M. Grimwood. OnShoulders o Titans: A History o Project Gemini.

NASA SP-4203, 1977, rep. ed. 2002.

http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4104/sp4104.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/SP-4104/sp4104.htm


21/90

Benson, Charles D., and William Barnaby Faherty.Moonport: A History o Apollo Launch Facilities and

Operations. NASA SP-4204, 1978.

Brooks, Courtney G., James M. Grimwood, andLoyd S. Swenson, Jr. Chariots or Apollo: A History o

Manned Lunar Spacecrat. NASA SP-4205, 1979.

Bilstein, Roger E. Stages to Saturn: A TechnologicalHistory o the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles. NASASP-4206, 1980 and 1996.

Compton, W. David, and Charles D. Benson. Livingand Working in Space: A History o Skylab. NASASP-4208, 1983.

Ezell, Edward Clinton, and Linda Neuman Ezell.The Partnership: A History o the ApolloSoyuz Test

Project. NASA SP-4209, 1978.

Hall, R. Cargill. Lunar Impact: A History o ProjectRanger. NASA SP-4210, 1977.

Newell, Homer E. Beyond the Atmosphere: EarlyYears o Space Science. NASA SP-4211, 1980.

Ezell, Edward Clinton, and Linda Neuman Ezell. OnMars: Exploration o the Red Planet, 19581978.

NASA SP-4212, 1984.

Pitts, John A. The Human Factor: Biomedicine in theManned Space Program to 1980.

NASA SP-4213, 1985.

Compton, W. David. Where No Man Has GoneBeore: A History o Apollo Lunar Exploration

Missions. NASA SP-4214, 1989.

Naugle, John E. First Among Equals: The Selection oNASA Space Science Experiments.NASA SP-4215, 1991.

Wallace, Lane E.Airborne Trailblazer: Two Decadeswith NASA Langleys 737 Flying Laboratory. NASASP-4216, 1994.

Butrica, Andrew J.Beyond the Ionosphere: Fity Yearso Satellite Communications. NASA SP-4217, 1997.

Butrica, Andrew J. To See the Unseen: A History oPlanetary Radar Astronomy. NASA SP-4218, 1996.

Mack, Pamela E., editor. From Engineering Scienceto Big Science: The NACA and NASA Collier Trophy

Research Project Winners. NASA SP-4219, 1998.

Reed, R. Dale. Wingless Flight: The Liting Body Story.NASA SP-4220, 1998.

Heppenheimer, T. A. The Space Shuttle Decision:NASAs Search or a Reusable Space Vehicle. NASASP-4221, 1999.

Hunley, J. D., editor. Toward Mach 2: The DouglasD558 Program. NASA SP-4222, 1999.

Swanson, Glen E., editor. Beore This Decade IsOut . . .: Personal Reections on the Apollo Program.

NASA SP-4223, 1999.

Tomayko, James E. Computers Take Flight: A Historyo NASAs Pioneering Digital FlyByWire Project.

NASA SP-4224, 2000.

Leary, William M. We Freeze to Please: A History

o NASAs Icing Research Tunnel and the Quest orSaety. NASA SP-2002-4226, 2002.

Mudgway, Douglas J. UplinkDownlink: A History othe Deep Space Network, 19571997. NASA SP-20014227, 2001.

Dawson, Virginia P., and Mark D. Bowles. TamingLiquid Hydrogen: The Centaur Upper Stage Rocket,

19582002. NASA SP-2004-4230, 2004.

Meltzer, Michael.Mission to Jupiter: A History o theGalileo Project

. NASA SP-2007-4231, 2007.

Heppenheimer, T. A. Facing the Heat Barrier: AHistory o Hypersonics. NASA SP-2007-4232, 2007.

Tsiao, Sunny. Read You Loud and Clear! The Storyo NASAs Spaceight Tracking and Data Network.NASA SP-2007-4233, 2008.

Center Histories, NASA SP-4300

Rosenthal, Alred. Venture into Space: Early Years oGoddard Space Flight Center. NASA SP-4301, 1985.

Hartman, Edwin P.Adventures in Research: A Historyo Ames Research Center, 19401965. NASA SP-4302,1970. Available online at http://history.nasa.gov/SP4302/sp4302.htm.

Hallion, Richard P. On the Frontier: Flight Research atDryden, 19461981. NASA SP-4303, 1984.

http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4302/sp4302.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/SP-4302/sp4302.htm


22/90


23/90

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Stephen J. Garber,Roger D. Launius, and Ray A. Williamson.Exploringthe Unknown: Selected Documents in the History o

the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VI: Space and

Earth Science. NASA SP-2004-4407, 2004.

Logsdon, John M., editor, with Roger D. Launius.Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the

History o the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VII:

Human Spaceight: Projects Mercury, Gemini, and

Apollo. NASA SP-2008-4407, 2008.

Siddiqi, Asi A. Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Unionand the Space Race, 19451974. NASA SP-20004408, 2000.


Volume 1: The Ascent o the Airplane. NASA SP-2003

4409, 2003.


Volume 2: Reinventing the Airplane. NASA SP-20074409, 2007.

Hogan, Thor. Mars Wars: The Rise and Fall o theSpace Exploration Initiative. NASA SP-2007-4410,2007.

Monographs in Aerospace History (SP-4500 Series)

Launius, Roger D., and Aaron K. Gillette, compilers.Toward a History o the Space Shuttle: An Annotated

Bibliography. Monograph in Aerospace History No.1, 1992.

Launius, Roger D., and J. D. Hunley, compilers.An Annotated Bibliography o the Apollo Program.

Monograph in Aerospace History No. 2, 1994.

Launius, Roger D. Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis.Monograph in Aerospace History No. 3, 1994.

Hansen, James R. Enchanted Rendezvous: JohnC. Houbolt and the Genesis o the LunarOrbit

Rendezvous Concept. Monograph in AerospaceHistory No. 4, 1995.

Gorn,Michael H.HughL. Drydens Career in Aviationand Space. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 5,1996.

Powers, Sheryll Goecke. Women in Flight Researchat NASA Dryden Flight Research Center rom 1946

to 1995. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 6,1997.

Portree, David S. F., and Robert C. Trevino. Walkingto Olympus: An EVA Chronology. Monograph in

Aerospace History No. 7, 1997.

Logsdon, John M., moderator. Legislative Origins othe National Aeronautics and Space Act o 1958:

Proceedings o an Oral History Workshop.Monographin Aerospace History No. 8, 1998.

Rumerman, Judy A., compiler. U.S. HumanSpaceight: A Record o Achievement, 19611998.


Portree, David S. F.NASAs Origins and the Dawn othe Space Age. Monograph in Aerospace History No.10, 1998.

Logsdon, John M. Together in Orbit: The Originso International Cooperation in the Space Station.


Phillips, W. Hewitt. Journey in AeronauticalResearch: A Career at NASA Langley Research Center.


Braslow, Albert L.A History o SuctionType LaminarFlow Control with Emphasis on Flight Research.


Logsdon, John M., moderator. Managing the MoonProgram: Lessons Learned From Apollo. Monographin Aerospace History No. 14, 1999.

Perminov, V. G. The Difcult Road to Mars: A BrieHistory o Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union.


Maisel, Martin, Demo J. Giulanetti, and Daniel C.Dugan. The History o the XV15 Tilt Rotor ResearchAircrat: From Concept to Flight. Monograph inAerospace History No. 17, NASA SP-2000-4517, 2000.

Jenkins, Dennis R. Hypersonics Beore the Shuttle:A Concise History o the X15 Research Airplane.

Monograph in Aerospace History No. 18, NASASP-2000-4518, 2000.

Chambers, Joseph R. Partners in Freedom:Contributions o the Langley Research Center to

U.S. Military Aircrat o the 1990s. Monograph inAerospace History No. 19, NASA SP-2000-4519,2000.



24/90

Waltman, Gene L. Black Magic and Gremlins:Analog Flight Simulations at NASAs Flight Research

Center. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 20,NASA SP-2000-4520, 2000.

Portree, David S. F. Humans to Mars: Fity Years

o Mission Planning, 19502000. Monograph inAerospace History No. 21, NASA SP-2001-4521, 2001.

Thompson, Milton O., with J. D. Hunley. FlightResearch: Problems Encountered and What They

Should Teach Us. Monograph in Aerospace HistoryNo. 22, NASA SP-2001-4522, 2001.

Tucker, Tom. The Eclipse Project. Monograph inAerospace History No. 23, NASA SP-2001-4523,2001.

Siddiqi, Asi A.Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology

o Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 19582000.Monograph in Aerospace History No. 24, NASASP-2002-4524, 2002.

Merlin, Peter W. Mach 3+: NASA/USAF YF12 FlightResearch, 19691979. Monograph in AerospaceHistory No. 25, NASA SP-2001-4525, 2001.

Anderson, Seth B. Memoirs o an AeronauticalEngineer: Flight Tests at Ames Research Center:

19401970. Monograph in Aerospace History No.26, NASA SP-2002-4526, 2002.

Renstrom, Arthur G. Wilbur and Orville Wright: ABibliography Commemorating the OneHundredth

Anniversary o the First Powered Flight on December

17, 1903. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 27,NASA SP-2002-4527, 2002.

There is no Monograph 28.

Chambers, Joseph R.Concept toReality:Contributionso the NASA Langley Research Center to U.S. Civil

Aircrat o the 1990s. Monograph in AerospaceHistory No. 29, SP-2003-4529, 2003.

Peebles,Curtis,editor.TheSpokenWord:Recollectionso Dryden History, The Early Years. Monograph in

Aerospace History No. 30, SP-2003-4530, 2003.

Jenkins, Dennis R., Tony Landis, and Jay Miller.American XVehicles: An InventoryX1 to X50.

Monograph in Aerospace History No. 31, SP-20034531, 2003.

Renstrom, Arthur G. Wilbur and Orville Wright: AChronology Commemorating the OneHundredth

Anniversary o the First Powered Flight on December

17, 1903. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 32,NASA SP-2003-4532, 2002.

Bowles, Mark D., and Robert S. Arrighi. NASAsNuclear Frontier: The Plum Brook Research Reactor.

Monograph in Aerospace History No. 33, SP-20044533, 2003.

Matranga, Gene J., C. Wayne Ottinger, Calvin R.Jarvis, and D. Christian Gelzer. Unconventional,Contrary, and Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research

Vehicle. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 35,NASA SP-2004-4535, 2006.

McCurdy, Howard E. LowCost Innovation inSpaceight: The History o the Near Earth Asteroid

Rendezvous (NEAR) Mission. Monograph in AerospaceHistory No. 36, NASA SP-2005-4536, 2005.

Seamans, Robert C., Jr. Project Apollo: The ToughDecisions. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 37,

NASA SP-2005-4537, 2005.

Lambright, W. Henry. NASA and the Environment:The Case o Ozone Depletion. Monograph in

Aerospace History No. 38, NASA SP-2005-4538,2005.

Chambers, Joseph R. InnovationinFlight:Researcho

the NASA Langley Research Center on Revolutionary

Advanced Concepts or Aeronautics. Monograph inAerospace History No. 39, NASA SP-2005-4539, 2005.This monograph is available only online.

Phillips, W. Hewitt. Journey into Space Research:Continuation o a Career at NASA Langley Research

Center. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 40,NASA SP-2005-4540, 2005. This monograph is available only online.

Rumerman,Judy A.,compiler.U.S. Human Spaceight:

A Record o Achievement, 19612006. Monographin Aerospace History No. 41, NASA SP-2007-4541,2007. This is an update by Chris Gamble and GabrielOkolski o the similarly titled Monograph 9 that waspublished in 1998.

Dryden Historical Studies

Tomayko, James E., author, and Christian Gelzer, editor. The Story o SelRepairing Flight Control SystemsisDryden Historical Study No. 1. This study is available



25/90

rom the Dryden Flight Research Center HistoryDivision by sending a sel-addressed 9-by-11-inch fat-rate Priority Mail envelope or each study to the NASADryden Flight Research Center History Division, MailStop 1613, P.O. Box 273, Edwards, CA 93523.

Electronic Media (SP-4600 Series)

Remembering Apollo 11: The 30th Anniversary Data

Archive CDROM. SP-4601, 1999.

The Mission Transcript Collection: U.S. Human

Spaceight Missions rom Mercury Redstone 3 to

Apollo 17. SP-2000-4602, 2001.

ShuttleMir: The United States and Russia Share

Historys Highest Stage. SP-2001-4603, 2002.

U.S. Centennialo FlightCommission Presents Born o

DreamsInspired by Freedom.SP-2004-4604, 2004.

O Ashes and Atoms: A Documentary on the NASA

Plum Brook Reactor Facility. NASA SP-2005-4605,2005.

Taming Liquid Hydrogen: The Centaur Upper Stage

Rocket Interactive CDROM. SP-2004-4606, 2004.

Fueling Space Exploration: The History o NASAs

Rocket Engine Test Facility DVD. NASA SP-2005-4607,2005.

Altitude Wind Tunnel at NASA Glenn Research

Center: An Interactive History CDROM. NASASP-2008-4608.

Conerence Proceedings (SP-4700 Series)

Dick, Steven J., and Keith L. Cowing, editors. Riskand Exploration: Earth, Sea and the Stars. NASASP-2005-4701, 2005.

Dick, Steven J., and Roger D. Launius. CriticalIssues in the History o Spaceight. NASA SP-2006

4702, 2006.

Dick, Steven J., editor. Remembering the Space Age:Proceedings o the 50th Anniversary Conerence.NASA SP-2008-4703, 2008.

Societal Impact o Spacefight(SP-4800 Series)

Dick, Steven J., and Roger D.Launius. Societal Impacto Spaceight. NASA SP-2007-4801, 2007.

New Seies in NASA Histoy Published

by the Johns Hopkins Univesity Pess

Cooper, Henry S. F., Jr. Beore Lito: The Makingo a Space Shuttle Crew. Baltimore: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, 1987.

McCurdy, Howard E. The Space Station Decision:Incremental Politics and Technological Choice.

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Hubauer, Karl. Exploring the Sun: Solar ScienceSince Galileo. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1991.

McCurdy, Howard E. Inside NASA: High TechnologyandOrganizationalChangeintheU.S.SpaceProgram.


Lambright, W. Henry. Powering Apollo: James E.Webb o NASA. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1995.

Bromberg, Joan Lisa. NASA and the Space Industry.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.

Beattie, Donald A. Taking Science to the Moon: LunarExperiments and the Apollo Program. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

McCurdy, Howard E. Faster, Better, Cheaper: LowCost Innovation in the U.S. Space Program.

Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

Johnson, Stephen B. The Secret o Apollo: SystemsManagement in American and European Space

Programs. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 2002.

Lambright, W. Henry, editor. Space Policy in the21st Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 2002.

Bilstein, Roger E. Testing Aircrat, Exploring Space:

An Illustrated History o NACA and NASA. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Butrica, Andrew J. SingleStage to Orbit:Politics, SpaceTechnology, and the Quest or Reusable Rocketry.


Conway, Erik M. HighSpeed Dreams: NASA andthe Technopolitics o Supersonic Transportation,

19451999. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 2005.



26/90

Launius, Roger D., and Howard E. McCurdy. Robotsin Space: Technology, Evolution, and Interplanetary

Travel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,2008.

Conway, Erik M. Atmospheric Science at NASA: A

History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,2008.

NASA Histoy Published by Texas A&M

Univesity Pess

Schorn, Ronald A. Planetary Astronomy: FromAncient Times to the Third Millennium. CollegeStation: Texas A&M University Press, 1998.

Hunley,J.D.TheDevelopmentoPropulsionTechnologyor U.S. SpaceLaunch Vehicles, 19261991. College

Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007.

NASA Histoy Published by the

Univesity Pess o Kentucky

Gorn, Michael H. Expanding the Envelope: FlightResearch at NACA and NASA. Lexington: TheUniversity Press o Kentucky, 2001.

Reed, R. Dale. Wingless Flight: The Liting Body Story.Lexington: The University Press o Kentucky, 2002.

Launius, Roger D., and Dennis R. Jenkins, editors. To Reach the High Frontier: A History o U.S.Launch Vehicles. Lexington: The University Press oKentucky, 2002.


Univesity Pess o Floida

Swanson, Glen W., editor. Beore This Decade IsOut . . .: Personal Reections on the Apollo Program.Gainesville: The University Press o Florida, 2002.

Benson, Charles D., and William B. Faherty. MoonLaunch!: A History o the SaturnApollo Launch

Operations. Gainesville: The University Press oFlorida, 2001.

Benson, Charles D., and William B. Faherty. Gatewayto the Moon: Building the Kennedy Space Center

Launch Complex. Gainesville: The University Presso Florida, 2001.

Bilstein, Roger E. Stages to Saturn: A TechnologicalHistory o the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles.

Gainesville: The University Press o Florida, 2003.

Siddiqi, Asi A. The Soviet Space Race with Apollo.Gainesville: The University Press o Florida, 2003.

Siddiqi, Asi A. Sputnik and the Soviet SpaceChallenge. Gainesville: The University Press oFlorida, 2003.

Lipartito, Kenneth, and Orville R. Butler.A History othe Kennedy Space Center.Gainesville: The UniversityPress o Florida, 2007.

NASA Histoy Published by Hawood

Academic Pess

Launius, Roger D., John M. Logsdon, and Robert W.Smith, editors. Reconsidering Sputnik: Forty YearsSince the Soviet Satellite. London: Harwood AcademicPress, 2000.


Univesity o Illinois Pess

Launius, Roger D., and Howard McCurdy, editors.Spaceight and the Myth o Presidential Leadership.

Urbana: University o Illinois Press, 1997.

NASA Histoy Published by

Geenwood Pess

Launius, Roger D. Frontiers o Space Exploration.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.


Smithsonian Institution Pess

Heppenheimer, T. A. Development o the Shuttle,

19721981.Washington,DC: Smithsonian InstitutionPress, 2002.

Dethlo, Henry C., and Ronald A. Schorn. VoyagersGrand Tour: To the Outer Planets and Beyond.

Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2003.

Hallion, Richard P., and Michael H. Gorn. On theFrontier: Experimental Flight at NASA Dryden.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2003.



27/90

PArT 2:

Sources of NASAHistory in the

Washington, DC, Area


28/90


29/90

resouces o the NASA Histoy Division

TheNASAHistoryDivision is locatedat NASAHeadquartersin Washington, DC, on the corner o 4th and E StreetsSouthwest. The closest Metro station is Federal CenterSouthwest. The LEnant Plaza Metro station is also nearby.Theoce mailing address is NASA History Division, NASAHeadquarters, Suite CO72, 300 E Street SW, Washington,DC, 20546-0001. The telephone number is 202-358-0384.

The oce is open rom 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Mondaythrough Friday, excluding ederal holidays.

The History Division sta is as ollows:

Steven J. Dick, Chie HistorianNadine Andreassen, Program Support SpecialistColin Fries, Contract ArchivistStephen J. Garber, Historian

John Hargenrader, Contract ArchivistJane H. Odom, Chie ArchivistElizabeth Suckow, Contract Archivist

Each sta member can provide guidance and assistance;however, or reerence requests, it is usually best to start

with the archival sta.

newsleTTer and lisTserv

The NASA History Division publishes a quarterly newsletter that gives inormation on its recent and upcoming publications, upcoming conerences, new onlineresources, archival activities, and other relevant news.The most current issue o the newsletter is posted at

http://history.nasa.gov/nltrc.pd. Older issues are available online at http://history.nasa.gov/histnews.htm.

We encourage interested parties to sign up to receive thenewsletter electronically through our NASA history listserv. Instructions or subscribing, changing ones e-mailaddress, and unsubscribing are located online athttp://history.nasa.gov/listserv.html. Listserv recipients alsoreceive periodic timely notices about new publications,

Web sites, events, and contract opportunities. This Webpage also includes instructions or signing up to receive

NASA press releases, as well as tailored e-mail notication o NASA contract opportunities.

nasa hisTory online

The NASA History Division has a wide variety o resources

available to researchers electronically via the Internet.Special thanks go to a number o dedicated volunteers

who devoted countless hours to preparing various materials or our now-extensive Web site. Our main page islocated athttp://history.nasa.gov.

Most, although not all, books and monographs in the ormal NASA History Series are now available on the HistoryDivision Web site, thanks in large measure to a small corpso dedicated volunteers. A comprehensive list o all NASAHistory publications is available online at http://history.nasa.gov/series95.html, which also includes links to the online

versions, as well as instructions and links or how to purchase hard copies o the various books and monographs.

TheApollo Lunar Surace Journal (ALSJ) is a remarkableresource about Apollo put together by a vast team o volunteers led by Eric Jones. It is among the most comprehensive sources on Apollo available online. TheALSJcontainsthe complete transcripts o the lunar-surace-to-Earthtransmissions o the 12 Apollo astronauts who walked onthe Moon, with extensive explanatory annotations. It alsoincludes technical essays, still images, and video ootage.TheALSJsite is at http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/online.

A companion site, the Apollo Flight Journal, similarlyprovides heavily annotated transcripts o the completeair-to-ground transmissions (beyond just what took placeon the lunar surace) or several Apollo missions. Thecoeditors o theApollo Flight Journal, David Woods andFrank OBrien, are also volunteers who devoted enormous amounts o time and energy to developing this site.Like the ALSJ, the Apollo Flight Journal includes technical essays and audiovisual materials about both specic

Apollo missions and the program in general. It is accessible rom http://history.nasa.gov/aj/online.

Resources o the NASA History Division
http://history.nasa.gov/nltrc.pdfhttp://history.nasa.gov/histnews.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/listserv.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/listserv.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/http://history.nasa.gov/series95.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/alsj/http://history.nasa.gov/afj/http://history.nasa.gov/listserv.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/afj/http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/http://history.nasa.gov/series95.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/http://history.nasa.gov/histnews.htmhttp://history.nasa.gov/nltrc.pdf


30/90

Anothermajor sitethat theNASAHistoryDivisionmaintainsis the Centennial o Flight (http://www.centennialoight.gov) area. Congress established a national commission tocommemorate and coordinate activities and inormationrelated to the 100th anniversary o the Wright brothersrst powered, heavier-than-air, controlled fight on 17

December 1903. This commission oversaw the creation oan extensive Web site about aerospace history. Followingthe 100th anniversary, NASA took over this Web site.

The History Division Web site also provides a great dealo other inormation. The site includes eatures such asrequently asked questions, Whats New with NASAHistory, inormation about the dierent NASA FieldCenters, background inormation about doing researchat/with NASA and about the Division itsel, and even anexcellent resource page or kids interested in NASA andthe history o space travel.

The sources available through the History Division Website can be accessed using three distinct search tools: analphabetical index that lists materials rom A to Z by key

word topic; a hierarchical subject index, which enablesresearchers to look or material relating to a broader subject (or example, human spacefight); and a keywordsearch option that allows researchers to search or material within the NASA History Web site proper, theALSJ, orthe Centennial o Flight Web site. Researchers may searchall three o these NASA History areas simultaneously orindependently.

grin PhoTo daTaBase

The NASA History Division is also responsible or GReatImages in NASA (GRIN), a still-imagedatabase availableathttp://grin.hq.nasa.govonline. This site is unique amongNASA history resources. Although not comprehensive,GRIN contains over one thousand high-resolution imageso events, people, and activities that the History Divisionconsiders signicant rom either a historic or a symbolicstandpoint. The site is ree and easy to search. Detailedcaptions complement the images, and links to otherNASA sites allow researchers to search or images not

available in GRIN. Researchers also may request glossyprints or transparencies rom still-image libraries at NASAHeadquarters and the Centers, usually or a ee.

PuBlic inquiries

We encourage NASA sta and members o the generalpublic whohave detailed questionsabout specic aspectso NASA history to make an appointment to come in person to our oce to do research in the NASA Historical

Reerence Collection (see below and http://history.nasa.gov/contact.html). You may send e-mail to [email protected] schedule a research trip.

I you are unable to visit in person to do research or haveother questions about NASA history, comments about our

Web site, or other history-related concerns, please e-mailus at [email protected].

nasa hisTorical reFerence

collecTion

When considering researching NASA history, it is important to understand that the collection o documents contained within the Headquarters History Division is notan ofcial archive, but an articial reerence collection(that is, a collection compiled by someone other than thecreator and consisting o copies o ocial documents

as well as published materials gathered rom a numbero sources to orm reerence les about one or moretopics) containing copies o historically signicant NASAmaterials. This Historical Reerence Collection (HRC) isoverseen by a civil servant and three contract archivists,

who work closely with the historians in the NASA HistoryDivision. Details regarding a more specic descriptiono the working relationship between the archivists andNASA historians, as well as an account o the general contents o the Headquarters Historical Reerence Collection,can be ound online at http://history.nasa.gov/thinking/nasahist4.html.

By law, NASAs ocial records go to the NationalArchives and Records Administration (NARA), which is arich source o NASA history as well. Details regarding thestorage o NASA and NACA records at NARA are available at the NASA Web site (http://history.nasa.gov/nara1.html). This link is especially important to the researcherbecause it not only provides details about the recordholdings o specic NARA acilities, but it also providesthe location o acilities and a description o content.

More general inormation about NARA is available athttp://www.archives.gov/. The presidential libraries,which

are administered by NARA, are another useul resource.The main Web site or presidential libraries is http://www.archives.gov/presidentiallibraries/contact/libraries.html,

which can be reached through the NASA Web page.

The archival collection housed in the History Division iscommonly known as the Historical Reerence Collection(HRC). It includes approximately 1,700 cubic eet o primary and secondary source materials and thousandso books. An additional 600 cubic eet (approximately)o records are stored at the Federal Records Center in

http://www.centennialofflight.gov/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/http://history.nasa.gov/contact.htmlmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://history.nasa.gov/thinking/nasahist-4.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/nara1.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/nara1.htmlhttp://www.archives.gov/http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/contact/libraries.htmlmailto:[email protected]://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/contact/libraries.htmlhttp://www.archives.gov/http://history.nasa.gov/nara1.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/thinking/nasahist-4.htmlmailto:[email protected]://history.nasa.gov/contact.htmlhttp://grin.hq.nasa.gov/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/


31/90

Suitland, Maryland. NASA archivists began collectinghistorical inormation not long ater the creation o thehistory program at NASA Headquarters in 1959. Twelvemajor series, or types o material, make up the HistoricalReerence Collection. Included in nearly every seriesare the ollowing types o documents: photographs,

news releases, correspondence, memoranda, pamphlets,speeches, annual reports, organizational charts, reports,internal and external studies, budget briengs, oral history interviews, Congressional Recordremarks, and congressional testimony. The Historical Reerence Collectionalso contains a large number o newspaper and magazine articles culled rom a variety o secondary sourcesand led by subject.

Since 1988, the NASA History Division has been engagedin an ongoing eort to automate its holdings. A databaseserves a dual purpose: use by sta to answer reerencerequests and use by on-site visitors who are conducting

research. The system is part nding aid and part electronic repository. Approximately 90 percent o the HRCis described in the catalog portion o the database; theother 10 percent is unprocessed. In the electronic repository are 15 series o material, containing thousands odocuments that have been scanned.

The HRC also includes hundreds o published and unpublished historical books and studies prepared under theauspices o the NASA History Division. These are classied in the ollowing series: Special Publications (SP),Historical Monographs (HHM), Historical Reports (HHR),

Historical Notes (HHN), and Educational Publications(EP). The History Division houses thousands o otherbooks, which the history sta regularly consult to answerqueries.

Described below are the archival series that comprise theHistorical Reerence Collection:

Series 1Aeonautics Files

52 cubic eet (1945 to present)

Subjects include, but are not limited to, aircrat design,aircrat engines, human-powered fight, solar-poweredfight, remotely piloted vehicles, aerodynamics, windtunnels, aerospace saety, aircrat accidents, aeronautical statistics and records, aeronautical research anddevelopment, civil aviation, NASA aircrat, helicopters,commercial aircrat, experimental aircrat, vertical takeo and landing, supersonic transport, experimental

vehicles (both aircrat and rockets), and liting bodies.The Aeronautics Files are arranged by topic and thereinchronologically.

Series 2Aeospace Industy

and Oganization Files


Included are les on remote sensing and space commer

cialization. There are les on industries such as AerospaceCorporation, American Airlines, Boeing Company, British

Aerospace Company, Comsat Corporation, DouglasAircrat Company, Lockheed Aircrat Corporation, NorthAmerican Aviation Incorporated, and Rand Corporation.Additional, there are materials on organizations such asthe Aerospace Industries Association, American Instituteo Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Club,and Society or History in the Federal Government. Thisseries is arranged alphabetically by name o industry orname o organization and therein chronologically.

Series 3Biogaphical Files

180 cubic eet (ca. 1915 to present)

This series contains inormation on thousands o persons, including NASA and NACA ocials and employees, aviation pioneers, astronauts, cosmonauts, test pilots,government and military ocials, contractors, historians,scientists, and others. See NASA Administration andOrganization FilesAdministrator/Deputy AdministratorFiles or biographical inormation on NASAs top ocials.The Biographical Files are arranged alphabetically by last

name o individual and therein chronologically.

Series 4Fedeal Agency Files


This series is comprised o government agency les andWhite House les. Within the government agency les arematerials on the Atomic Energy Commission, the CentralIntelligence Agency, the Federal Aviation Administration,the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,the Department o Deense, the Air Force and various Air

Force bases, the Navy, the National Academy o Sciences,and the National Research Council, among others. Subjectsinclude, but are not limited to, the Dyna-Soar Project, theManned Orbiting Laboratory, military aircrat and missiles,militaryhistories, interagencycooperation,andtheStrategicDeense Initiative. These les are arranged alphabeticallyby name o ederal agency and therein chronologically.

In the White House les are documents recording spacepolicy decisions o presidential administrations romHerbert Hoovers to the present. Also included are

Resources o the NASA History Division


32/90

materials relating to the various science and technologycouncils that advise the President. There are les on theactivities o the National Security Council, the National

Aeronautics and Space Council, the National SpaceCouncil, the Presidents Science Advisory Committee,and the Oce o Science and Technology Policy. These

les contain selections rom the Weekly Compilation oPresidential Documentsand copies o space policy materials that were donated to this repository rom several othe presidential libraries. The dates o material or eachadministrations les typically correspond to the dateso each respective presidency, although some earliermaterial is included in the les o a ew administrations.The les o the advisory councils precede the les opresidential administrations, which are in order by nameo administration. Within each council or administration grouping, les are arranged topically and thereinchronologically.

Series 5Impact Files, 45 cubic eet

(1950 to present)

These les document the impact o the space programon nearly every acet o lie: art, economics, education,humor, literature, medicine, motion pictures, music,numismatics, philately, politics, public opinion, religion,science ction, society, space history, space souvenirs,technology, television, toys, and dozens o other topics.

Also included is material on criticism o the space pro

gram. This series is arranged alphabetically by subjectand therein chronologically.

Series 6Intenational Coopeation

and Foeign County Files


This series contains les on U.S. cooperation and competition with oreign countries in space endeavors. Thereare les on dozens o countries rom Aghanistan toZimbabwe, including Australia,Canada, France, Germany,

India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, the Peoples Republic oChina, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Uniqueto this series are oreign-language materials and translations o oreign materials. Notably, these les containmaterials pertaining to the ormer Soviet Union and itsspace activities, including les on Soviet piloted androbotic vehicles, arranged alphabetically. Subjects withinthe Soviet les include Sputnik, Lunik, Venera, Molniya,Soyuz, Voskhod, Buran, Mir, and launch acilities. Thearrangement o this series is alphabetically by name ocountry and therein chronologically.

Series 7National Advisoy Committee o

Aeonautics Files

25 cubic eet (19151958)

The NACA Files include subject les, biographical les,

patent les, reunion les, interviews with individualsinvolved in early aeronautical research, and other materials. The ocial records o the NACA are available or useat the National Archives; the nding aid is online at http://history.nasa.gov/nara1.html.

Series 8NASA Administation

and Oganization Files

356 total cubic eet (1910 to present)

This series includes, but is not limited to, Administrator/

Deputy Administrator les, les documentingHeadquarters and Center activities, budget les, andhistory les. Documented here are the activities o theNASA Advisory Council (NAC), NASA ManagementCouncil, Civilian Military Liaison Committee, Aeronauticsand Astronautics Coordinating Board, and AerospaceSaety Advisory Panel. Below is a description o each othe larger components o the NASA Administration andOrganization Files and the volume o each.

NASA Administration and Organization Files

Administrator and Deputy Administrator Files,


Included are materials documenting the activities o NASAAdministrators and Deputy Administrators throughoutthe history o the Agency. Provided below is a chronological list o the names o past and present ocials withthe dates o their service. The dates o the material ineach ocials les nearly always pre- and postdate thatpersons term(s) o service. Arrangement is by name oindividual and therein by topic and/or chronologically.

Administrators

Glennan, T. Keith, 195861

Webb, James E., 196168

Paine, Thomas O., 196970

Fletcher, James C., 197177, 198689

Frosch, Robert A., 197781

Beggs, James M., 198185

http://history.nasa.gov/nara1.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/nara1.htmlhttp://history.nasa.gov/nara1.html


33/90

Graham, William R., 198586 (Acting)

Truly, Richard H., 198992

Goldin, Daniel S., 19922001

Mulville, Daniel R., 2001 (Acting)

OKeee, Sean, 200105

Gregory, Frederick D., 2005 (Acting)

Grin, Michael, 200509

Deputy Administrators

Dryden, Hugh L., 195865

Seamans, Robert C., 196568

Paine, Thomas O., 196869

Low, George M., 196976

Lovelace, Alan M., 197681

Mark, Hans, 198184

Graham, William R., 198586

Myers, Dale D., 198689

Thompson, James R., Jr., 198991

Cohen, Aaron, 1992

Dailey, John R., 199299 (Acting)

Mulville, Daniel R., 200003

Gregory, Frederick D., 200205

Dale, Shana, 200509

NASA Administration and Organization FilesBudget Files, 35 cubic eet (1958 to present)

Included areNASA budget estimates, chronologies o NASAbudget submissions, budget planning documents, budgethistories, Congressional Record remarks, hearing records,background briengs, the U.S. Budget Brieprepared by theOce o Management and Budget (OMB),and NASA authorizations. The Budget Files are arranged chronologically byscal year. Seealso theCongressional Documents Collectionin the Headquarters Library or related inormation.

NASA Administration and Organization Files

Headquarters Files, 120 cubic eet (1958 to present)

In this series are les or existing as well as previousprogram oces; Headquarters reorganizations usually take place every couple o years. There are les

on dozens o entities, including the History Program.These les are arranged by name o program oce andtherein topically and/or chronologically.Documentationis available or oces such as these:

Oce o the Chie Engineer

Oce o the Chie Scientist

Oce o Inspector General

Oce o Advanced Research and Technology

Oce o Equal Employment Opportunity

Oce o Management

O