nas - network attached storage
TRANSCRIPT
By:-
Shashank Bhatnagar ( M.Tech2015AN16 )
Tapesh Mandal ( M.Tech2015AN18 )
Flow of Presentation:
1) What is NAS ?
2) Why we use NAS?
1) Actual real world scenario
2) Benefits of NAS
3) NAS Components
4) Types of Network File Sharing Protocols
5) Samba
1) Implementation in Ubuntu of Samba
2) SMB Prompt
3) Samba in UbuntuWindows
6) NFS
1) Implementation in Ubuntu of NFS
2) NFS in UbuntuWindows
1) Feature of Windows Services for NFS
2) How to use NFS in Windows
7) Comparisions
1) NAS v/s SAN 3) Samba v/s NFS
2) NAS v/s DAS 4) Samba v/s CIFS
8) NAS challenges
What is NAS?
Networkattached storage (NAS) is a ✔ filelevel ✔ computer data storage server ✔ connected to a computer network ✔ providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.
NAS is specialized for serving files either by its hardware, software, or configuration.
NAS systems are networked appliances which contain one or more storage drives, often arranged into logical,
redundant storage containers or RAID.
So, Basically, Storage device which directly attached to the network is
called network attached storage(NAS)
Why we use NAS ?
➢ Actual Real World Scenario➢ Benifits of NAS
Actual real world scenario :
✔ If we are Not Using NAS✔ If we are Using NAS
Scenario :: If we are Not Using NAS
Everyone has different attached storage
If Update, then must be updated everyone
If 1GB of storage, then, total 4GB require, in which everyone has the same copy of 1 GB
Scenario :: If we are Using NAS
Everyone now has the same workspace of 1GB through Network
If Updated by one , will reflect to others
Use of 1GB inplace of 4GB
Example Scenario :: (Computer Lab)
When we are doing our computer practicals in the lab, we can connect or Map Network Drive to save our practicals in it, which can be later
evaluated by the faculty by accessing your folder into the drive.
Also, when some software needs to be install or some common file needs to be share, its very easy for server to share it with everyone
using this network drive.
This Mapped Network Drive will look like as local drive of your computer.
Mapped Network Drive looking like a Local Drive
Benefits of NAS ::
1. Supports global information access
2. Improves accessibility
3. Provide flexibility
4. Centralizes storage
5. Simplifies management
6. Scalability
7. High Availability – through native clustering
8. Provides security integration through environment (user authentication & authorization)
1. Supports global information access
➢ Enables greater file sharing, even over a long distance➢ Can share data across platforms
2. Improves accessibility
➢ Eliminates bottlenecks encountered when accessing files from central file server
➢ Relieves generalpurpose servers of many file management operations, improving performance of those servers
3. Provide flexibility
➢ works with many types of clients on both UNIX and Microsoft Windows platforms using Industry standard protocols.
4. Centralizes storage
➢ minimizes duplication on client workstations, reducing management complexity and improving data protection.
5. Simplifies management
➢ leverages existing security infrastructure through standard network protocols. Single point of management for multiple systems for multiple data sets. Identifies data by file name and byte offsets, transfers file data or file metadata.
6. Scalability
➢ Due to its high performance, low latency design, enables NAS to scale well and depending upon utilization profiles, address many differing types of business applications.
7. High Availability – through native clustering ➢ Can safely centralize large amounts of user data behind a single NAS device
with redundant networking equipment to provide maximum connectivity options.
➢ Clustering technology for failover in the event of filer failure
8. Provides security integration through environment ➢ (user authentication & authorization) Handles security, user
authentication, and file locking in conjunction with industry standard security schemas
NAS Components:
Windows
UNIX
NFS
IP
NAS Head
Storage Array
NFS CIFS
NAS Device OS
Storage Interface
Network Interface
A NAS device is made up of the following components:
NAS head (CPU and Memory)
One or more network interface cards (NICs), which provide connectivity To the network. Examples of NICs include Gigabit Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, ATM, and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).
An optimized operating system for managing NAS functionality
NFS and CIFS protocols for stack file sharing
Industrystandard storage protocols to connect and manage physical disk resources, such as ATA, SCSI, or FC
The NAS environment includes clients accessing a NAS device over an IP network using standard protocols.
Types of Network file sharing protocols:
NFSNetwork File System Samba
SAMBA
SAMBA in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
SMB prompt SAMBA in
Ubuntu Server – Windows Client
SAMBA in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu Server:
Step 1: “install SAMBA”
sudo aptget install samba sambacommon
Step 2: “Configure smb.conf”
sudo nano w /etc/samba/smb.confSo, towards the end of the file,[tapsmb]
path = /home/tapesh/Desktop/tapsmbbrowsable = yeswritable = yesread only = noguest ok = yes
Step 3: “compiling”:
testparm Which gives error , like,
rlimit error So, to solve this error,
Sudo nano /etc/sercurity/limits.confAt the end of the file, add lines,
<domain> <type> <item> <value>* – nofile 16384Root – nofile 16384
● Wildcard * for default entry, ● group and wildcard limits are not applied to root. To apply a
limit to the root user, <domain> must be the literal username root.
● nofile max number of open files
Step 4: “Add user“
Sudo smbpasswd a tapesh
PasswdRetype passwd
Added user
Step 5: “change the permission of the folder created in /home/tapesh/Desktop/tapsmb ”
Sudo chown tapesh:tapesh tapsmb
Here, so if we are in above path then just folder name otherwise complete path required.
Step 6: “reload, restart, status”:
After any change we need to reload and restart samba server
For reload:
sudo /etc/init.d/samba reload
For restart:
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
For status:
sudo /etc/init.d/samba status
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu Client:
Step 1: “install prerequisites”:
Sudo aptget install nautilusshare smbclient
Step 2: “connect to server”:
Sudo //serverip//sharefolder U username
So, after successful execution of above steps, you will get a smb prompt. Now, you can access shared files.
smb:\>
To List public smb share
SMB Prompt
SAMBA in Ubuntu Server – Windows Client
Step 1: ping to the server from client:
Step 2: Now, go to the network tab in windows explorer and refresh it, if it show the connected PC then okey but if not, then jus type the ip address of the server into the address bar and hit enter. The below shown screen showing the shared folder by the server.
Shared folder by server
Ipaddress of server
Inside shared folder by server
NFS
NFS in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
NFS in Ubuntu Server – Windows Client
NFS in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu Server:
Step 1: “install NFS”:
sudo aptget install nfskernelserver nfscommon
Step 2: “add the shared folders to the export file”:
sudo nano /etc/exports
NFS in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
Step 3 “restart NFS server”:
sudo /etc/init.d/nfskernelserver restart
Step 4: “display export folders”
showmount e
NFS in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
Step 5 “host allow”:sudo /etc/host.allow
Step 6: “host deny”:Sudo /etc/host.deny
NFS in Ubuntu Server Ubuntu Client
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu client:
Step 1: “ping server to check connection”:
Step 2: “show shared folders”:Showmount e ipaddressofserver
Step 3: “access the shared folder according to the permission assigned by server”:
Sudo mount t nfs ipaddressofserver :\sharedfolder
/home folder of server mounted
as /media
NFS in Ubuntu Server Windows Client
Step 1: install windows services from control panel“services for NFS”Just do check the checkboxes against the option and
do install
Step 2: “mounting”
In cmd,mount \\ipaddressofserver\sharedfoldername driveletter :
So, simultaneously also we can mount all the shared folder which are visible as a local drive in my computer
Home folder of server mounted as drive I in
windows
Mounted home folder seen as a local drive
tmp also can be mounted similarly
and simultaneously
Step 3: “unmounting”
In cmd,Umount [f] { a | drive }
where, f for forcefully and a for all and drive showing the drive letter which you specify will get unmounted. Curly braces stands for options
Drive Z: is unmounted now, if we use a option inplace of drive letter,
all drives will get unmounted
Comparisions
NAS v/s SAN
NAS(Network Attached Storage)
SAN(Storage Area Network)
1.) Almost any machine that connects to a LAN ( or is it
interconnect to a LAN via WAN) may utilize NFS, CIFS or HTTP to connect
to a NAS
1.) Server class devices that are euipped with SCSI fiber channel
adapters connect to a SAN. A fiber channel based solution has a
distance limit of approximately 6 miles
2.) A NAS identifies the data by file name and byte offset, transfers file
data or metadata, and handles security, user authentication, file
locking
2.) A SAN addresses the data by logical block numbers, and transfers
the data in (raw) disk blocks.
3.) A NAS allows greater sharing of information, especially among different operating systems.
3.) File sharing is operating system dependent and may not exist for all
operating systems that are being used
4.) File system is managed by the NAS head units
4.) The host server is manage by file server
NAS(Network Attached Storage)
SAN(Storage Area Network)
5.) Backups and mirrors are generated on files
5.) Backups and mirrors are generated on block
6.) NAS solutions utilize TCP/IP based network, such as Ethernet
6.) SAN uses Fiber channel connection (Fiber / copper)
7.) Communicates at the File level like:
“CreatefileMyHomeWork.doc”Or
“readfileBudget.xls”
7.) Communicates at the Block Level Like:
“readblockthirtyfour”Or
“writeblockfivehundredandtwo”
8.) LAN Backup 8.) LAN free Backup
9.) Large Blocks of Data 9.) Large Nos. of small Blocks
NAS v/s DAS
NAS DAS
1.) For large businesses that require several servers to store
data
1.) It can provide a viable storage and backup solution for small
businesses
2.) high initial cost but system can be easily expanded and the
cost after initial setup is relatively low
2.) Low initial cost for setup but cost increases as the system
expands
3.) high scalability 3.) limited scalability
4.) Better fault tolerance 4.) Poor fault tolerance as clients connect directly to the server
that contains the storage
NAS DAS
5.) No limitation 5.) Limitation in the number of devices as host bus adapter can only support a limited number of
drives
6.) It specializes in filelevel access
6.) ideal for both block level access ( access particular data in
a file ) and filelevel access ( access complete files ) running
simultaneously7.) connects to a server with
ethernet7.) connects to the server through host bus adapter
8.) Simplicity of setups even nonIT personnels can setup
8.) Takes specialized people to setup
NAS DAS
9.) Adds storage by simply attaching to the network
9.) It adds storage by attaching to the server
10.) NAS supports both NFS and CIFS
10.) May or may not support both
11.) Replication of data is possible
11.) Does not support replication
Samba v/s NFS
Samba NFS
1.) Works naturally on both Unix and nonunix systems
1.) Tailormade for unix and unix like systems
2.) Implementation of SMB/CIFS protocol
2.) was developed by sun microsystems
3.) it is just a remaging of CIFS 3.) NFS is a protocol that allows a user to access files over a
network
4.) NFS has 4 versions latest of which includes a stateful
protocol
4.) Samba has multiple versions, the latest of which file and print
sharing between multiple computers
Samba NFS
5.) SMB does not have unix like semantics
5.) NFS provides normal unix file system semantics
6) SMB uses authentication using a username / password
6.) NFS relies entirely on “trust” security though
7.) samba can be slower in some cases
7.) NFS is generally faster
8.) Samba is a way to manage windows network file systems on
a Linux plateform
8.) NFS is a way to mount remote file systems on UNIX so
they look local
9.) Samba is an emulation of the file system . It is a protocol
9.) NFS is a file system
Samba v/s CIFS
Samba CIFS
Was originally SMB server It is an extension of SMB protocol. Poor performance over
higher latencey networks.
NAS Challenges
1)Speed1)Network Latency and Congestion2)Protocol stack inefficiency3)Application response requirements
2)Reliability3)Connectivity4)Scalability
Speed
● Network latency and congestion● Protocol stack inefficiency
● encapsulation, possessor overhead, and relatively small payload
● Application response requirements
Reliability
● Due to the large geographical coverage of enterprise networks there are inherent possibilities for network failures, but with redundancy planning these issues can be minimized.
● Centralized storage silos may become single points of failure without remote mirroring or backup facilities.
NAS Challenges
Connectivity
● Without newly emerging technologies, iSCSI, FCIP & iFCP, many applications required block level access therefore excluding NAS as a solution for businesses
Scalability
● Although NAS devices can scale to terabytes of storage capacity, once the capacity is exhausted the only way to expand is to add additional devices. This can cause additional problems when data center real estate is at a premium
● Once a NAS device is fully populated, including external storage enclosures, the only remaining scaling option is to buy another system. When data center real estate is at a premium this can be seen as a major limitation.
NAS Challenges
Thank You