napoleonic wars
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1793-1815 Napoleon tried to conquer all of Europe Britain led allies against France U.S. got dragged in. Napoleonic Wars. Jefferson kept the U.S. neutral like the Washington and Adams administrations American Merchants profiting by trade with both France and Britain. Neutrality. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Napoleonic Wars
1793-1815Napoleon tried to conquer all of EuropeBritain led allies against France
U.S. got dragged in
Neutrality
Jefferson kept the U.S. neutral like the Washington and Adams administrations
American Merchants profiting by trade with both France and Britain
Neutral Rights Violated
France and Britain threaten to search and seize ships trading with the enemy
Impressment◦British sailors often deserted
Poor pay and conditions◦British would stop ships and look for deserters
and force them to serve in navy Forced native born Americans too
◦Still have English accent
Attack on the Chesapeake
British warship, the Leopard intercepted the Chesapeake ◦June 1807 off the coast of Virginia◦Chesapeake captain refused to allow search◦Leopard opened fire
Killed 3, Wounded 18 and crippled the American ship
Americans outraged◦Jefferson avoids war
Embargo Act
December 1807Banned trade with European countriesWas a disaster
◦Britain traded with Latin America for goods◦New England trade hurt
Merchants not happyRepealed March 1809
◦Replaced by Nonintercourse Act Banned trade with France or Britain
◦Also unsuccessful
4th President
Jefferson follows Washington’s precedentJames Madison wins election
◦Not ideal time to be president
Father of the Constitution
The Frontier
Governor of the Indiana Territory making treaties with Natives to gain land◦William Henry Harrison
Powerful and charismatic Shawnee chief uniting the Native American nations◦Tecumseh
Battle of Tippecanoe
Harrison concerned about Tecumseh’s success◦Decided to strike first (1811)
Battle lasted 2 hours
As a result Tecumseh allied himself with the British
War Hawks
Republicans
John C. Calhoun ◦S. Carolina
Henry Clay◦Kentucky
Land Hungry◦Canadian land◦Florida
Congress quadrupled army’s size
War
Madison asks Congress to declare war◦June 1, 1812◦Britain was trying to avoid war, ended search and seizure
policy, but too late
Americans still relying on militia◦Poorly trained and equipped
Nicknames◦“Madison’s War”◦“The Forgotten War”◦The Second War for Independence”
Video
Invasion of Canada
Three-pronged attack
Detroit – July 1812◦General William Hull◦Americans fearful of Indian cruelty and
surrender Niagara
◦American forces defeatedThird attack never happened
Battle of the Thames
Tecumseh killed◦October 5, 1813
William Henry HarrisonNative Americans will no longer be a
problem
Americans burned parliament buildings◦York (Toronto)
End of Napoleon
Napoleon loses at Battle of Waterloo◦Exiled from the country
With Napoleon out of the way British can focus on U.S.
U.S.S. Constitution
The world’s oldest commissioned warship afloat
Wooden shipUSS Constitution vs. HMS Guerriere
◦August 19, 1812◦Cannon balls bounced off the side of the ship◦An American sailor reportedly exclaimed
"Huzzah! her sides are made of iron!" “Old Ironsides”
42-0
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Andrew Jackson◦“Old Hickory”
◦ March 1814
◦Attacked Creeks in Mississippi Territory◦Slaughtered more than 550 Creeks
Lost land
Attack on the Capitol
August 1814◦Capitol not well defended
The British sailed into Chesapeake Bay◦Overpowered militia ◦Marched into the city and burned buildings
including the president’s mansion◦A storm prevented some damage
Video
Fort McHenry
The British move onto Baltimore
Baltimore was waiting◦Barricaded roads, blocked harbor, 13,000 militia◦Held back the British attack
Francis Scott Key◦Star Spangled Banner
Battle of Lake Champlain
Naval Battle won by Americans◦September 1814
British decides war is not worth the cost
Treaty of Ghent
Ghent, Belgium◦December 1814
Peace agreement◦Didn't change borders◦Impressment was not mentioned
Battle of New Orleans
Did not know that Treaty of Ghent had been signed
Still takes about a month for news to travel
January 1815Andrew Jackson
◦Leads Americans to victory, becomes hero
Video
Hartford Convention
December 1814New England Federalists met in
Connecticut◦Proposed amendments◦Seen as unpatriotic
Federalist Party loses respect in American politics
Who Won?
The Battle of New Orleans Arrogant Worms
Stalemate
Neither British nor Americans won the war◦Neither gained territory
Although:◦Americans get Star Spangled Banner◦Revived sense of Nationalism (especially after
winning the last major battle)◦Manufacturing developed when weren’t getting
goods from Europe◦Gained respect from other countries
The real winners of the War
Canada◦Held off invasions◦Nationalism
William Henry Harrison◦Gains fame◦Uses Tippecanoe as presidential slogan
Andrew Jackson◦War hero who later becomes president
Erie, PA◦Shipbuilding industry builds the economy and city
And the losers
Native Americans◦Without Tecumseh will not unite
Federalists◦Their lack of support for American cause during
the War will lead this party to disappear