Napoleon As EmperorNapoleon As Emperor

““Great ambition is the passion of a great Great ambition is the passion of a great character. He who is endowed with it, may character. He who is endowed with it, may perform either very great actions, or very perform either very great actions, or very bad ones; all depends upon the principles bad ones; all depends upon the principles

which direct him.”which direct him.”---Napoleon Bonaparte---Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Becomes EmperorNapoleon Becomes Emperor

1804, Napoleon 1804, Napoleon declared himself declared himself Emperor and took Emperor and took complete control of complete control of France.France.

Conflict with BritainConflict with Britain

France and Britain France and Britain signed a treaty in 1802 signed a treaty in 1802 to halt fighting between to halt fighting between the nations.the nations.By 1805, Napoleon By 1805, Napoleon wanted to break the wanted to break the treaty and invade treaty and invade Britain.Britain.Battle of Trafalgar—Battle of Trafalgar—Napoleon attempted a Napoleon attempted a naval invasion of Britain naval invasion of Britain but was defeated.but was defeated.

Continental SystemContinental System

Napoleon tried to weaken Napoleon tried to weaken Britain economically Britain economically

He forbade his conquered He forbade his conquered lands to trade with Britainlands to trade with Britain

Britain responded by Britain responded by blockading ships headed blockading ships headed towards European portstowards European ports

Britain maintained control Britain maintained control of the seas, and the of the seas, and the French economy suffered French economy suffered from the Continental from the Continental System System

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire

By 1812, Napoleon By 1812, Napoleon controlled most of controlled most of EuropeEurope

He controlled land He controlled land from the Russian from the Russian border down to Spainborder down to Spain

NationalismNationalism

Napoleon’s dominance Napoleon’s dominance in Europe created a in Europe created a strong sense of strong sense of nationalism in nationalism in conquered territories-conquered territories-pride in one’s country & pride in one’s country & desire for self-ruledesire for self-rule

In 1812, Spanish In 1812, Spanish nationalists overthrew nationalists overthrew French forces and French forces and reinstated their old kingreinstated their old king

Conflict with RussiaConflict with Russia

1811, Russia resumed 1811, Russia resumed trade with Britain and trade with Britain and prepared to fight with prepared to fight with FranceFrance1812, Napoleon 1812, Napoleon assembled 600,000 men assembled 600,000 men to invade Russiato invade RussiaRussia adopted the Russia adopted the Scorched-Earth Policy—Scorched-Earth Policy—to destroy everything to destroy everything before the French could before the French could seize it.seize it.

Russia continued…Russia continued…

By the time the French By the time the French retreated from Russia, retreated from Russia, 400,000 men had died of 400,000 men had died of starvation, exposure to starvation, exposure to the extreme Russian the extreme Russian winter, or battle wounds.winter, or battle wounds.

October 1813, Russia, October 1813, Russia, Prussia and Austria Prussia and Austria joined together to defeat joined together to defeat France.France.

Napoleon’s DemiseNapoleon’s Demise

March 1814, Napoleon March 1814, Napoleon was forced to abdicate was forced to abdicate and power was restored and power was restored to Louis XVIII (brother to Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI)of Louis XVI)

Napoleon was exiled to Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba and the island of Elba and French borders were French borders were restored to where they restored to where they had been prior to 1792had been prior to 1792

Napoleon’s DefeatNapoleon’s DefeatMarch 1, 1815 Napoleon March 1, 1815 Napoleon returned to France and won returned to France and won the support of many peoplethe support of many peopleThe Hundred Days: the The Hundred Days: the period Napoleon ruled but period Napoleon ruled but claimed no more territorial claimed no more territorial claimsclaimsJune 1815 Britain, Prussia June 1815 Britain, Prussia and the Netherlands began and the Netherlands began an invasion towards Francean invasion towards FranceNapoleon met them in Napoleon met them in Waterloo (Netherlands)Waterloo (Netherlands)Napoleon was easily Napoleon was easily defeated and placed under defeated and placed under house arrest on the island of house arrest on the island of St. Helena. He died there in St. Helena. He died there in 1821.1821.

Napoleon’s LegacyNapoleon’s Legacy

Stopped the French Stopped the French RevolutionRevolutionSpread ideas of equality Spread ideas of equality before the lawbefore the lawReligious tolerationReligious tolerationAdvancement by merit Advancement by merit rather than birthrather than birthReformed tax systemReformed tax systemPromoted educationPromoted educationImproved agriculture and Improved agriculture and industryindustry

Europe After NapoleonEurope After Napoleon

Congress of Vienna: Congress of Vienna: Britain, Austria, Prussia Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia met in Vienna and Russia met in Vienna (1815) (1815) Wanted to work out a Wanted to work out a peace agreement for peace agreement for EuropeEuropeHoped to restore balance Hoped to restore balance of power in Europe by of power in Europe by changing national borders changing national borders and settling disputes and settling disputes among nationsamong nations

Europe after 1815Europe after 1815

As a result of the As a result of the Congress of Vienna, Congress of Vienna, France lost all France lost all territory that had been territory that had been conquered by conquered by NapoleonNapoleonPrussia, Russia, Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain Austria, and Britain divided up the divided up the territory amongst territory amongst themselvesthemselves