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Design and monitoring gender indicators in climate change responsive agriculture – a practice from Women economic empowerment and

Climate smart agriculture of SNV/VWU

Content

A. Rationale

• Gender and climate change

B. Design and monitor gender indicator

• Gender indicators

• WEAI tool

C. Case study:

• SNV Climate Smart Agriculture/Women EconomicEmpowerment programme

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A. Rationale

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Gender, gender roles, gender equality

• Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and status of women and men, girls and boys. It is a set of culturally specific characteristics defining the social behaviour of women and men, boys and girls, and the relationships between them.

• Gender roles – status and relations vary according to place (countries, regions, and villages), groups (class, ethnic, religious, caste), generations and stages of the lifecycle of individuals.

• Gender is, thus, not about women but about the relationship between women and men.

• Gender equality means that the different behaviours, aspirations and needs of women and men are considered, valued and favouredequally

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Gender & climate change

Climate change and disasters affect women more than men:

social norms, food and water supply responsibilities, caring for

children and elderly, health

Women also have many tasks in agriculture/livelihoods, day-

labour, trade, but often fewer livelihood assets, limited access

to inputs, technology, information etc.

Gender analysis, capacity building, gender norms challenged,

and women’s participation in planning and implementing

climate change adaptation measures/women economic

empowerment, increasing leadership and accesses etc. can

lead to win-win: higher resilience, higher gender equality

B. Design and monitor gender indicator

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Gender indicators - overall

• It is important (but easy) to state that “gender should be mainstreamed into a programme”. But “how”

• “Gender indicators” are key

• Gender indicators are gender-sensitive index/indicators that used to measure changes the status and roles of women and men and gender related issues overtime

• These index/indicators are developed and monitored to ensure the consistent aims from the project design, implementation, measure and track changes, e.g. in gender equality promotion/women’s empowerment, resilience etc. as a direct or indirect result of the project interventions.

• By identifying these changes, the programme will know how the “thematic” programme (e.g. adaptation) can be more effective and how it contribute to overall gender equality.

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Gender indicators – development (1)• Gender analysis and early assessment (i.e. KAP) in relation to

programme settings are the basis for identifying gender issues -> strategy to address the issues <-> programme’s goal

• Gender indicators developed: in-line with identified issues, intervention strategy, programme goals, mandate, resources -> targeted changes the programme want to achieve

• Highlighting gender sensistiveness for designing indicators:

Gender equality and justice goal,

Gap/Equality of women and men over power relations, opportunities, roles, responsibilities, ownership, access to resources, membership

Division of labor, time, income,

Participation, decision

Gender norm, barries, policy/environment

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Gender indicators – development (2)

• Establishing gender indicators in:

All layers of programme indicators: Impact/Outcome, Output, Progress

All stages/components: assessing, planning, implementation, M&E, manamement, communication, reporting; capacity building, policy influencing, community strengthening etc.

• The indicators should be:

Both qualitative and quantitative

Disaggregated by sex, age, social group

Users and beneficiaries’ friendly

• Approach:

Participatory and contextualized

Practical

Using the thematic intervention as tools for gender equality promotion

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Indicators example

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Indicators Baselin

e 2016

VIETN

AM

Target Data

Source

Frequency

of data

collection

Data

collection

responsibili

ty

Data

Collection

Method

Remarks

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Impact 1

Increased equality of economic opportunity

Project-targeted women increase

their average empowerment score

(WEAI)

0.878 x 0.90 x 0.92 Quantitative survey 3 times over project

cycle

Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal

study using the 5DE of the

WEAI

Outcomes 1

1.1 Increased practice of gender equitable norms

% of project-targeted women who

are empowered to make input into

productive decisions.

95,48% x 96% x 98% Quantitative survey 3 times over project

cycle



WEAI

% of project targeted women who

own productive resources (assets)

99,58% x 100% x 100% Quantitative survey 3 times over project

cycle



WEAI

the baseline is high

because the survey

explored both single and

joint ownership


are empowered to access and

make decisions on credit

48.30% x 50% x 52% Quantitative survey 3 times over project

cycle



WEAI


are empowered to control use of

income


cycle



WEAI


are empowered in group

membership roles


cycle



WEAI


are empowered to reduce

reproductive and increase

productive workload roles

48,82% x 50% x 55% Quantitative survey Bi-annually Project Manager Quantitative, longitudinal


WEAI

Gender indicators - monitoring

• Monitoring is essential to ensure right track whether the programme progresses and achieves the established changes in gender issues, and identify what works, what doesn’t work and what need to change for improving the programme

• Monitoring gender indicators is essential emphasized part of overall monitoring:

Monitoring system formulation

Baseline is extremely important as basis for comparision changes vs starting point vs change

Monitoring framework: what to measure, what kind of data needed, how to collect, analyse, validate data

• Gender sensitiveness approach: who monitor, when, how, fromwhom etc.

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WEAI - Why is it innovative?

• Measures empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the

agricultural sector, including also climate smart agriculture,

agribusiness, adaptive livelihoods.

• WEAI comprises two sub indexes.

5DE- assesses the degree to which women are empowered in

five domains of empowerment .

Gender Parity Index [GPI] - measures gender parity

(percentage of women who are empowered as the men in their

households)

• Scientific, survey based- real time, real measure of empowerment

indicators

• But, rather complicated, high sampling, resources consuming

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WEAI Indicators

Domains Indicators Definition

Production • Input in productive decisions

• Autonomy in production

Concerns decisions of women/men about agricultural production and refers to sole or joint decision making about food and cash crop farming, and livestock and fisheries.

Resources • Ownership of assets

• Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets

• Access to and decisions on credit

This dimension concerns ownership of and access to productive resources such as land, livestock, agricultural equipment, consumer durables, and credit.

Income • Control over use of income

Concerns sole or joint control over the use of income and expenditures.

Leadership • Group membership

• Speaking in public

Concerns leadership in the community, here measured by membership in formal or informal economic or social groups.

Time • Workload• Leisure

Concerns the allocation of time to productive and domestic tasks

Example: recent WEAI survey in SNV programme

Input in productivedecisions

Ownership ofproductive resources

Access to and decisionson credit

Control over use ofincome

Group membership

Wokload

Women 6,40% 0,00% 15,80% 5,40% 24,20% 48,20%

Men 9,30% 0,00% 18,00% 5,20% 29,90% 37,60%

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

% C

on

trib

uti

on

Vietnam: Contribution of each of 5DE indicators to disempowerment of disempowered men and women

0,000

0,020

0,040

0,060

0,080

0,100

0,120

0,140

WOMEN MEN

Dis

emp

oer

men

t In

dex

(M

0=1

-5D

E)

Workload Groupmember

Controlover useof income

Access toanddecisionson credit

Also considers the disempowered

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Example: recent WEAI survey in SNV programme

C. Case study

SNV Climate Smart Agriculture/Women Economic

Empowerment programme

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SNV approach: Balancing Benefits

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Access, decisions, control

Market share

Business growth

Socio

-cultura

l norm

s

Market

Enterprise

Production

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Intervention Strategy:

• Leveraging agribusiness and climate smart

agriculture as tools for women economic

empowerment and resilience for sustainable

development

• Increasing capacity of government and local actors

to create bottom up pressure for women economic

empowerment, localise gender sensitive policies

and enhance gender equality in national/local

target policies/programmes

• Challenging gender norms through behaviour

change

• Increasing women’s capacity to lead successful

businesses

• Promoting womens’ leadership, intelectual roles in

climate responding/agriculture programme

• Holistic appoach vs overall development: health,

education, water sanitation/well being

SNV gender principles

Environmental sustainability: GHG emissions reduction/resilience increasing

in rice production

Economic integration: Increasing income and poverty reduction for farmers

women and men

Human resource and social development: Capacity building emphasizing

women empowerment, gender equality and social inclusion promotion.

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Case 1: Sowing Seeds of Change project (DFAT)

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Gender equality promotion strategy

Pilars

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Intellectual- Techniques, - Technology- Researches

Leadership- Cooperatives- Farmers groups- Projects- Assignment

Business- Value chains- Businesses- Certification, - Standards- Contracts

Development- Knowledge, capacity- income and health- Voices and choice- parity

Case 2: FLOW/EOWE project (DGIS)

M&E TOOLS UNDER PROJECT COMPONENTS

PROJECT COMPONENTS MAIN INTERVENTION ACTIVITIES EVALUATING TOOLS CONDUCT TIME HOW TO CONDUCT

Increased equality of

economic opportunity

(1) Assessment/ Research

(2) Communication

activities

(3) Capacity building events

(4) Households and

Community Dialogues

WEAI Baseline

Mid-term

Endline

Conducted by independent agency, using

WEAI questionnaire, results: evaluation

indicators and comparision vs intervention

in each project period

Most Significant Change Once per year during implementation

phase

Instructed by SNV and conducted by local

partners (Provincal WUs and DARDs)

Impact Research/ Action

Research

2 or 3 times at fields during imlementation

phase

Conducted by World Bank + SNV team

Enhanced enabling

environment for women

economic empowerment

(1) Research/ Assessment


(3) Workshops/ Dialogues

5C tool Once per year during implementation

phase

Conducted by SNV.

SNV will discuss with local partners in

group, specifically to measure the

following indicators:

(i) the capability to commit and act,

for instance having clear task

divisions, a strategy and clear

decision-making processes;

(ii) the capability to relate, for

instance having stakeholder

relationships, be part of alliances

and initiatives with others;

Project-targeted women

increase their income from

business


(2) Trade promotion

activities

(3) Production development

acvitities

Information collected from SME

or Coop (Temp FLOW06)

Once per year Conducted by supported SMEs/

Cooperatives with SNV’s instruction

IBA evaluation package Twice per year

Impact Research/ Action

Research

2 or 3 times at fields during imlementation

phase

Conducted by World Bank + SNV team

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THANK YOU

Contact: Ms. Tran Tu Anh

Programme ManagerCSA/WEE, SNV Vietnam

Email: [email protected]

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