nanotechnology what, how, why? umass science saturday, february 28, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
NanotechnologyWhat, How, Why?UMass Science Saturday, February 28, 2009
What: Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.
1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter= 1 x 10-9 m
nano.gov
How small are nanostructures?
Single Hair
Width = 0.1 mm
= 100 micrometers
= 100,000 nanometers !
Smaller still
Hair
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6,000 nanometersDNA
3 nanometers
100,000 nanometers
How: MakingNanostructures
Making Nanostructures: Nanomanufacturing
"Top down" versus "bottom up" methods
•Lithography•Deposition•Etching•Machining
•Chemical•Self-Assembly
Self Assembly
SELF ASSEMBLY with DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS
Block “A” Block “B”
10% A 30% A 50% A 70% A 90% A
~10 nm
Ordered Phases
PMMA PS
Phase separation...on the nanoscale
Self-AssembledNanoscale "Stencils" Deposition
Template
EtchingMask
NanoporousMembrane
Remove polymerblock within cylinders(expose and develop)
A self-assembling, nanoscale lithographic system
(physical orelectrochemical)
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"Synthesis and Characterization of Nearly Monodisperse CdE(E = S, Se, Te) Semiconductor Nanocrystallites," C. Murray, D. Norris, and M. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993)
Quantum Dots by Chemical Synthesis
(reverse-micelle method)
Why: Applications
10 GB2001
20 GB2002
40 GB2004
80 GB2006
160 GB2007
Example: Data storage capacity of the iPod
Hard driveMagnetic data storage
Uses nanotechnology!Nanomagnets!
Magnetic Data StorageA computer hard drive stores your data magnetically
Disk
N S
direction of disk motion
“ Write”Head
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 _ _
“ Bits” ofinformation
NS
“ Read”Head
Signalcurrent
Solar Cells
Konarka
Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy.
Nanostructured Solar Cells
+
-
Sunlight
Voltage “load”
CurrentMore interface area - More power!
Targeted Cancer Therapy
Cancer Therapy
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tumor
gold nanoshells
Halas group, Rice Univ.
www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218392390
targeted therapy: hyperthermic treatment
www.nano.gov/html/news/SpecialPapers/Cancer
