nanotechnology nano size: generally 1-100 nm the european science foundation definition nanoscale...

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Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

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Page 1: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

NanotechnologyNanotechnologyNano size: Generally 1-100 nmNano size: Generally 1-100 nm

The European Science Foundation definition

Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Page 2: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Particle size classificationParticle size classification

1 nm1 nm Chemical drugChemical drug 5 nm5 nm ProteinProtein 10 nm10 nm DNADNA 20-50 nm20-50 nm Blood vessel poreBlood vessel pore 50 nm50 nm Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotube 100-500 nm100-500 nm Liposome nanoparticleLiposome nanoparticle 1000 nm (1 1000 nm (1 µm)µm) bacteriabacteria 10 µm10 µm CellCell 50 50 µmµm Human hairHuman hair

Page 3: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Cell membrane poreCell membrane pore

A side view of a pore (blue dots) in the water-channel protein AQP1, which pierces the cell membrane. Cell exterior is at top, interior at bottom. The pore is

about 2.8 angstroms across at its narrowest.

Page 4: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Advantages of nanoparticlesAdvantages of nanoparticles

Advantage of nanoparticlesAdvantage of nanoparticles

- To deliver more effectively: Enhance - To deliver more effectively: Enhance amount permeate at favorable site, sustain amount permeate at favorable site, sustain release of actives, increase mucoadhesive release of actives, increase mucoadhesive (liposome, neosome, nanoparticle, (liposome, neosome, nanoparticle, microemulsion, nanoemulsion)microemulsion, nanoemulsion)

- Nano-powder (Zno, TiONano-powder (Zno, TiO22 etc) etc)

- Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotube

Page 5: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm
Page 6: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Titanium dioxide nano powderTitanium dioxide nano powder

Page 7: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm
Page 8: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm
Page 9: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Toxicology of nanoparticlesToxicology of nanoparticles

SizeSize Surface areaSurface area Surface chemistrySurface chemistry SolubilitySolubility ShapeShape Material type 1) biodegradable 2) Non-Material type 1) biodegradable 2) Non-

biodegradablebiodegradable

* Depend on phagocytic clearance

Page 10: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Exposure routesExposure routes

Page 11: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

PhagocytosisPhagocytosis

Most Dangerous

2

1

3

Page 12: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Limited Experimental toxicology of Limited Experimental toxicology of manufactured nanomaterials manufactured nanomaterials

reported to date reported to date

FullerenesFullerenes Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotube Metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, TiOMetal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO22))

Page 13: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Eight allotropes of carbon: a) Diamond, b) Graphite, c) Lonsdaleite, d) C60 (Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball), e) C540, f) C70, g) Amorphous carbon, and h) single-walled carbon nanotube or buckytube.

Page 14: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Research work in nanoparticles Research work in nanoparticles toxicologytoxicology

Use carbon single wall carbon nanotube Use carbon single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as model(SWCNT) as model

SWCT do not induce cell damage but stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis→ Lung Fibrosis

Small well disperse SWCNT penetrate lung tissue more efficiently than agglomeration

SWCT induce angiogenesis

Page 15: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Nanomaterialization of Chitin-Nanomaterialization of Chitin-chitosan: Approaches and potential chitosan: Approaches and potential

applicationsapplications Nanomaterials: the materials which exhibit Nanomaterials: the materials which exhibit

the special properties due to the function the special properties due to the function in nanometer rangein nanometer range

Page 16: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Formation of nanomaterialsFormation of nanomaterials

Molecolar Architecture: Building from Molecolar Architecture: Building from molecular components, Chemical molecular components, Chemical modification modification

Size reduction: Constructing from large Size reduction: Constructing from large entities, Depolymerizationentities, Depolymerization

Page 17: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Chitosan NanosphereChitosan Nanosphere

SynthesisSynthesis- Organic base system: mPEG grafted Organic base system: mPEG grafted

phthaloylchitinphthaloylchitin- Water base system: Chitosan-mPEG-CAWater base system: Chitosan-mPEG-CA

Page 18: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

Self assembly propertySelf assembly property

Normal Mice-Normal Mice-llar Phasellar Phase

Normal Mice-Normal Mice-llar Phasellar Phase

MixedMixedPhasePhaseMixedMixedPhasePhase

HexagonalHexagonalPhasePhase

HexagonalHexagonalPhasePhase

MixedMixedPhasePhaseMixedMixedPhasePhase

Reversed Mice-Reversed Mice-llar Phasellar Phase

Reversed Mice-Reversed Mice-llar Phasellar Phase

LamellarLamellarPhasePhase

LamellarLamellarPhasePhase

Increasing Water ContentIncreasing Water ContentIncreasing Water ContentIncreasing Water Content

Page 19: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

PEG

Page 20: Nanotechnology Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm

UV-screening Nanocarrier Based UV-screening Nanocarrier Based on polyvinylalcohol-co-on polyvinylalcohol-co-

vinylcinnamatevinylcinnamate

Chemical modificationChemical modification

Amphiphilic polymer: self-assembly: PVA combined UV protective substances