nanotechnology nano size: generally 1-100 nm the european science foundation definition nanoscale...
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NanotechnologyNanotechnologyNano size: Generally 1-100 nmNano size: Generally 1-100 nm
The European Science Foundation definition
Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm
Particle size classificationParticle size classification
1 nm1 nm Chemical drugChemical drug 5 nm5 nm ProteinProtein 10 nm10 nm DNADNA 20-50 nm20-50 nm Blood vessel poreBlood vessel pore 50 nm50 nm Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotube 100-500 nm100-500 nm Liposome nanoparticleLiposome nanoparticle 1000 nm (1 1000 nm (1 µm)µm) bacteriabacteria 10 µm10 µm CellCell 50 50 µmµm Human hairHuman hair
Cell membrane poreCell membrane pore
A side view of a pore (blue dots) in the water-channel protein AQP1, which pierces the cell membrane. Cell exterior is at top, interior at bottom. The pore is
about 2.8 angstroms across at its narrowest.
Advantages of nanoparticlesAdvantages of nanoparticles
Advantage of nanoparticlesAdvantage of nanoparticles
- To deliver more effectively: Enhance - To deliver more effectively: Enhance amount permeate at favorable site, sustain amount permeate at favorable site, sustain release of actives, increase mucoadhesive release of actives, increase mucoadhesive (liposome, neosome, nanoparticle, (liposome, neosome, nanoparticle, microemulsion, nanoemulsion)microemulsion, nanoemulsion)
- Nano-powder (Zno, TiONano-powder (Zno, TiO22 etc) etc)
- Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotube
Titanium dioxide nano powderTitanium dioxide nano powder
Toxicology of nanoparticlesToxicology of nanoparticles
SizeSize Surface areaSurface area Surface chemistrySurface chemistry SolubilitySolubility ShapeShape Material type 1) biodegradable 2) Non-Material type 1) biodegradable 2) Non-
biodegradablebiodegradable
* Depend on phagocytic clearance
Exposure routesExposure routes
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
Most Dangerous
2
1
3
Limited Experimental toxicology of Limited Experimental toxicology of manufactured nanomaterials manufactured nanomaterials
reported to date reported to date
FullerenesFullerenes Carbon nanotubeCarbon nanotube Metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, TiOMetal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO22))
Eight allotropes of carbon: a) Diamond, b) Graphite, c) Lonsdaleite, d) C60 (Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball), e) C540, f) C70, g) Amorphous carbon, and h) single-walled carbon nanotube or buckytube.
Research work in nanoparticles Research work in nanoparticles toxicologytoxicology
Use carbon single wall carbon nanotube Use carbon single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as model(SWCNT) as model
SWCT do not induce cell damage but stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis→ Lung Fibrosis
Small well disperse SWCNT penetrate lung tissue more efficiently than agglomeration
SWCT induce angiogenesis
Nanomaterialization of Chitin-Nanomaterialization of Chitin-chitosan: Approaches and potential chitosan: Approaches and potential
applicationsapplications Nanomaterials: the materials which exhibit Nanomaterials: the materials which exhibit
the special properties due to the function the special properties due to the function in nanometer rangein nanometer range
Formation of nanomaterialsFormation of nanomaterials
Molecolar Architecture: Building from Molecolar Architecture: Building from molecular components, Chemical molecular components, Chemical modification modification
Size reduction: Constructing from large Size reduction: Constructing from large entities, Depolymerizationentities, Depolymerization
Chitosan NanosphereChitosan Nanosphere
SynthesisSynthesis- Organic base system: mPEG grafted Organic base system: mPEG grafted
phthaloylchitinphthaloylchitin- Water base system: Chitosan-mPEG-CAWater base system: Chitosan-mPEG-CA
Self assembly propertySelf assembly property
Normal Mice-Normal Mice-llar Phasellar Phase
Normal Mice-Normal Mice-llar Phasellar Phase
MixedMixedPhasePhaseMixedMixedPhasePhase
HexagonalHexagonalPhasePhase
HexagonalHexagonalPhasePhase
MixedMixedPhasePhaseMixedMixedPhasePhase
Reversed Mice-Reversed Mice-llar Phasellar Phase
Reversed Mice-Reversed Mice-llar Phasellar Phase
LamellarLamellarPhasePhase
LamellarLamellarPhasePhase
Increasing Water ContentIncreasing Water ContentIncreasing Water ContentIncreasing Water Content
PEG
UV-screening Nanocarrier Based UV-screening Nanocarrier Based on polyvinylalcohol-co-on polyvinylalcohol-co-
vinylcinnamatevinylcinnamate
Chemical modificationChemical modification
Amphiphilic polymer: self-assembly: PVA combined UV protective substances