NANOTECHNOLOGY

THE SMALLER WORLD

THE SMALLER WORLD THE SMALLER WORLD

THE SMALLER WORLD

THE SMALLER WORLD

THE SMALLER WORLD

Things that you would have heard with the word ‘nano’ most often…

IPod nano

Our Most famous Tata nano

Well.. So what is so nano about all these stuffs?

Nothing at all….!!!!

SO WHAT IS NANO?NANO IS A GREEK WORD MEANING EXTREMELY SMALL !

A nanometer is very very small its m

A human hair is 100000nm in thickness!

Nanotechnology deals with sizes from 1-100nm range

A nanometer is one billionth of a meter!!!

What is nanotechnology?

According to new ISO working definitionNanotechnology is the application of scientific knowledge to control and use of matter at the nanoscale, where size related phenomena and processes may occur

In simple words …Its making small stuffs do big things

It is a science of assembling things atom by atom or molecule by molecule

Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms

What if we are able to rearrange atoms?

Coal---- diamond

Sand---- computer chips

Healthy you--- hospitalized you

How it started?... The buzzword nanotechnology

Richard Feynman said …”there’s plenty of room at the bottom” in December 1959

Feynman announced a prize of $1000 to anyone who1) Is able to built a motor small enough to fit in 1/64’’*1/64’’*1/64’’* space2)Is able to write a page of text with letters so small enough for the encyclopedia Britannica to be printed on a pin head.

From there starts the Feynman prize series..Richard Feynman

1st one goes to Bill Mc lellan who made the motor with his really good hands2nd Feynman prize : in 1985 – Tom Newman @ STANFORD UNIVERSITYUsed e-beam lithography to write ‘a tale of two cities’ at the length requested by Feynman

It continues until Today .. IBM Research Team Wins Coveted Feynman Prize for

Advancing Scanning Probe Microscopy( 15th Jan 2013)

Richard E smalley working @ RICE university came up with the most famous Bucky ball , the Buckminster fullerene carbon C 60 molecule

C60 molecule-the buckyball

football

1986

He received the Nobel prize in chemistry in the year 1996

Short

history

1959Feynman gives after-dinner talk describing molecular machines building with atomic precision1974Taniguchi uses term "nano-technology" in paper on ion-sputter machining1977Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts at MIT1981First technical paper on molecular engineering to build with atomic precisionSTM invented1985Buckyball discovered1986First book publishedAFM inventedFirst organization formed1987First protein engineeredFirst university symposium1988First university course1989IBM logo spelled in individual atomsFirst national conference

DNA-based 'robotic' assembly beginsFeynman Prize in Nanotechnology awarded for work in single atom manipulations and atomic switches, and for development of quantum mechanical methods for theoretical predictions of molecules and solids2011molecular robots learn to walk in any direction along a branched trackMechanical manipulation of silicon dimers on a silicon surface

ALCHEMY ………….>>>> che’mystery’>>>CHEMISTRY

An fuzzy thing.. Unclear .. unknowns

Chemistry:(mixing, boiling, cooling etc. etc.

Dealing with atoms in more approximate ways

The Launchpad for nanotechnology

Powerful tools

1.SCANNING TUNNELLING MICROSCOPE (STM)

Its inventors Gred Binnig & Heinrich Rohmer won Nobel prize in 1986

2.ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE(AFM) inventors

3. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE4.TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE 5. And many more developed in recent years

We have the tools .. But How to create nanostructures employing these tools???

First transistor invented by William- shockley, bardeen, brattain in the Christmas eve of 1947

Winners of Nobel prize in 1956

Nanomaterials:1.Buckyball , C60 molecule2.Nanotubes3.Graphene

What is Graphene?

And what about carbon nanotubes?

Applications of nanotechnologyMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: a) drug delivery b)therapy techniques c) diagnostic techniques e)anti-microbial techniques f) cell repair

Cosmetic applications

Cosmetic creams have nanoparticles in it such as SiO2,TiO2 etc.

These absorb the harmful UV radiation thus protecting the skin

It helps in useful delivery of nutrients into the skin

Applications related to Graphene

Its very strong – an atom thickness__> elephantGraphite – conductor but Graphene is not hence they have power to revolutionize solid state physicsHigh speed low noise transistors are possible because Graphene has high e- mobilityIt’s a 2-D structure with high breaking strength 200 times more durable than steel98% transparencyIncredibly flexibleUses touch screens, flexible mobiles, TV’s, display monitors and many more….

Carbon nanotubes: ( it’s a wonderful thing)

Graphene (sheet) A Carbon nanotube (1-2nm width)

Perhaps the strongest material we will ever have in the universe!(hence lighter and stronger aircrafts, space crafts etc. can be built) Conducts electricity much better than any other metals ( Cu, Al, Ag etc.) 1 single nanotube 1nm in diameter can carry 50µA of current 1µm dia2000A of current ( which is carried by 1cm Cu wire today) !!! 100’s of millions of amps can be carried very easily if we use this material It works well with any temperature ranges ( low , medium, high )

SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

POWERFUL COMPUTERS: with smarter and smaller IC’s using Nanocircuitry, nanoelectronics, molecular electronics

HIGH DENSITY MEMORIES: MEMORY BITS REPRESENTED BY ATOMS- one atom representing on bit (H & F atoms) SUPER-HYDROPHOBIC COATINGS: used for clothes, metals, oil and gas equipment's, dish

antennas and many more that one can apply his ideas on. IMPROVED BATTERIES: replacing graphite anode cathode materials by porous nanoparticles

can change the charging time to few minutes (5-10), higher power densities and better efficiency MORE EFFICIENT FUEL CELL MANUFACTURING NANOCRYSTAL SOLAR CELLS: solar cells based on a coating on the substrate, these have

higher performance and higher efficiency RFID CHIPS manufactured by MIKRON ( Russian company) for metro and shopping

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN OUR EVERYDAY LIFE

if you stretch out an arm you'll almost certainly be able to grab something that employs nanotechnology

you might also be breathing in nanoparticles that have been around for many years.

"Nature is all about nanoscale structures. It starts with the cell" Silk is a prime example of naturally occurring nanotechnology Nanostructures on the surface of lotus leaves repel water This "lotus effect" is the basis behind self-cleaning windows "There are things we've been using for a long time which contain

nanosize components, like the lasers in DVD and CD players“ From the clothes and sunglasses you wear to computer hard drives and

even cleaning products, nanotechnology – often inspired by the natural world – plays a big part in the manufacture of many familiar products

coated on the surface of your plane ( aeroplane or flight) to reduce drag.

it is impossible not to encounter technology based on the manipulation of the very small.

Nanotechnology drives our future

The nano revolution!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

WITH NANOTECHNOLOGY OUR TOMORROW’S

ARE BRIGHTERA PRESENTATION BY;GOKUL LAL K V1EP09EE006EAST POINT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGYBANGALOREKARNATAKAINDIA