Mike RocoNSF and NNI

NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference Alexandria, December 6-7, 2018

A biological synaptic element (Jha et al, U. Cinn)

Nanoscale Science and Engineering at NSF

2010 2009

2008

2012

2011

2013

2014

2008

ICONIC NANO MOZAIC2015

2018

2017

Topics

Long-view of nanotechnology development

Emergence and convergence from the nanoscale: three hierarchical stages

NSE at NSF: 2018 perspective

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Long view of nanotechnology development

2000 - 2030

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Modified Stokes diagram

PureBasic Research

(Bohr)

Use-inspired Basic Research

(Pasteur))EEEEEE

Pure Applied Research

(Edison)

Relevance for applications

Rele

vanc

e fo

r the

adva

ncem

ent o

f kno

wle

dge

Low use

Low

High Vision-inspired

Basic Research(added in CKTS, 2013)

New use, domainsKnown use

Empirical, less useful

Vision inspired research has been essential for the long-term view of nanotechnology

Roco and Bainbridge, 2013 , Fig 9 (Ref. 7) MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex: Apollo program Ex: NNI program

a b c d

Four NTGenerations

Creativephase

Integration/Fusion phase Innovation

phaseSpin-off phase

DisciplinesBottom-up& top-down

MaterialsMedical, ..Sectors

Tools &Methods

Knowledge confluence

Innovation spiral

New Products, Applications $30 T

2000-2030 Convergence-Divergence cycle for global nanotechnology development

Spin-off disciplines,and productive sectors

New expertise (NBIC..) New applications& business

New nanosystemarchitectures

Control of matter at

the nanoscale

Based on Roco and Bainbridge, 2013 , Fig. 8 (Ref 7)

Immersion in to new technology platformsAssembly of

interacting partsNew

systems

nano12000

2010

2020

2030

nano3

1999

30 year vision to develop nanotechnology in three stages changing focus and priorities

20102013

Reports available on: www.wtec.org/nano2/ and www.wtec.org/NBIC2-report/ (Refs. 3-6)

Create library of nanocomponents

2000-2010

2. Active Nanostructures

2000

nano1 Component basics

2030 New socio-economic capabilities,

2020-2030nano3 Technology divergence

To general purpose technology

2010-2020

nano2 System integration

Based on NANO 2020, Fig. 5 (Ref. 4)

1. Passive Nanostructures

3. Systems of Nanosystems

4. Molecular Nanosystems

5. NBIC TechnologyPlatforms

GENERATIONS OFNANOPRODUCTS

CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES

6. NanosystemConv. Networks

MC Roco, Nov 10 2016

Twelve global nano trends to 2020 10 year perspective, www.wtec.org/nano2/ (Ref. 4)

• Theory, modeling & simulation: x1000 faster, essential design• “Direct” measurements – x6000 brighter, accelerate R&D&use• A shift from “passive” to “active” nanostructures/nanosystems• Nanosystems- some self powered,self repairing, dynamic, APM• Penetration of nanotechnology in industry - toward mass use;

catalysts, electronics; innovation– platforms, consortia• Nano-EHS – more predictive, integrated with nanobio & env.• Personalized nanomedicine - from monitoring to treatment• Photonics, electronics, magnetics – new integrated capabilities• Energy photosynthesis, storage use – solar economic • Enabling and integrating with new areas – bio, info, cognition• Earlier preparing nanotechnology workers – system integration• Governance of nano for societal benefit - institutionalization

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Perc

enta

ge o

f Num

ber o

f Pat

ents

Pate

nt N

umbe

r (U

SPTO

)

USA % Japan % EU27 % P. R. China % Korea % Total PatentsUSA Japan EU27 P.R. China Korea

Nanotechnology patents published by USPTO in 2000-2016, by five regions

“Title-abstract-claims” search by keywords (International perspective on nanotechnology papers, patents and NSF awards 2000-2016, J. Nanoparticle Research, 2017)

Total

42% in 2016 (70% in 2007)

2000 - 2016 Worldwide annual growth rate ~ 15%

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

USA

Five countries’ contributions to Top 3 journals in 2017

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

3 Journals Nature PNAS Science

USGermanyFranceP. R. ChinaJapan

* Each article is assigned to multiple countries if its authors have different nationalities. Therefore, the sum of percentages from five countries exceeds 100%; ** Combined Keywords

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

14%

15%

16%

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

NSF

-NSE

Aw

ard/

Pape

r/Pa

tent

Per

cent

age

Year

Top 20 Journals' NanoPaper Percentage3 Selected Journals' NanoPaper PercentageTitle-claim Search's NanoPatent PercentageNSF Nano New AwardPercentage#REF!

World > $ 1T (Lux Res.)

Percentage rate of penetration of nanotechnology in NSF awards, WoS papers and USPTO patents (1991-2017)

Searched by keywords in the title/abstract/claims (update Encyclopedia Nanoscience, Roco, 2016)

2012-2017 NSF grants ~ 14%

2017 Top 20 nano J. ~ 13%

2017 Top 3 Journals ~ 6.0%

2017 USPTO patents ~ 2.7%

Est. US Market / US GDP: 2014 ~ 2%; 2017 ~ 3.7%; 2020 ~ 7% (if 25% market growth rate)

Revenues market / GDP

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

US Market ~ 3.7%

Confluence of resources leading to ecosystem changes (the S-curve)

(Ex: GAO-14-181SP Forum on Nanomanufacturing, Report to Congress, 2014)

~ 20102016

2016:No. NSF grants ~ 14%All Journals ~ 5.7 %

USPTO patents ~ 2.6%Market ~ 3%

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Three hierarchical stages of STI convergence

I Nanotechnology (N); IT

II Foundational fields (NBICA)

III Society ecosystem (CKTS)

MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

I

II

III

Convergence of discoveries and strategic goals

• NS&E conceptual discoveries on accelerated pathEmergence nano-inspired S&E fields (“push” )

• Setting visionary goals (“pull” ), via: UN Sustainability for food, energy & society; NAE 16 Grand Challenges; IRGC Risk Governance, . . . .

• Convergence - integrated view

of push , pull & across fields MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Example discovery in nanoscale materials

Gyroscope’ molecules form crystal that has a solid exterior but contains moving parts

Credit: Miguel García-Garibay et al, Kendall Houk Laboratory/UCLA, 2018MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Example discovery in nanobiology Engineering biology through DNAs environment

Chromatin and Epigenetic Engineering (NSF 17-578 & 18-077)

Light-mediated epigenetic control at the nanoscale in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiac muscle cells

Credit: R. Mazitschek, Mass General Hospital/Harvard U.; E. Entcheva and A. Villagra, GWUMC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Example discovery in nanobio-medicine

Motorized molecules drill through cellsMotorized molecules driven by light can drill holes in the membranes of individual cells, promising to bring therapeutic agents into the cells or directly inducing the cells to die Rotors in single-molecule nanomachines activated by ultraviolet light - spin at 2 to 3 million rotations per secondCredit: James Tour group, et al., Nature Aug 2017, Rice U., Durham (U.K.) and NCSU

Light

LightMC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Example discovery in nanobio-electronics

Creation of bio-based semiconductors (2018)Program: SemiSynBio (Semiconductor Synthetic Biology)

Credit: Yonggang Ke, Emory University and Georgia TechMC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

A general trend: Convergence of nano with other emerging fields

Illustrations:• Spin-offs of NS&E: metamaterials, plasmonics, quantum

communication, AI materials design, synthetic biology• NSF 10 Big Ideas (of which 8 are well connected to nano)• NAS ENG Grand Challenges, NSF EFRI, IEEE, ….• USA Manufacturing Initiative

Convergence is: a general strategy to holistically understand and transform a system for reaching a common goal (Refs 1, 5: Roco 2002; Roco & Bainbridge 2003)

MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Science and technology convergence (Ref 6: “Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society”, Springer, 2013)

Convergence includes: - the deep integration of knowledge, tools, domains, and

modes of thinking, driven by unifying concepts and common goal

- to form new frameworks, paradigms or ecosystems that allows to answer questions, resolve problems and build things that isolated capabilities cannot

- from where emerge novel pathways, opportunities & frontiers for problem solving and progress

in competencies, knowledge, technologies, applications - Convergence science – Creating or changing an ecosystem for a goal

based on 10 theories, 6 convergence principles, and specific methods (Ref 7-10)

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Convergence of knowledge, technology and society is guided by seven general principles

A. Holistic - The interdependence in nature and society (‘deep integration’)

B. Common goal - Vision-inspired basic research for long-term challenges

C. Dynamic pattern - Processes of spiral convergence and divergence

D. Unifying - System-logic deduction in decisions

E. Cross-domain - Higher-level languages F. Multiple choice dynamics – Alt. pathwaysG. Added-value - Confluence of resources

leading to system changes (S curve)

PRINCIPLES FORCONVERGENCE

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018Science and technology convergence, JNR, 2016, 18:211 (Ref 7)

2003 – NSF-DOC sponsored report: Converging Technologies for Improving HumanPerformance: nano, info, bio & cogno (Ref 5) – “origin of NSF focus on convergence” (Cordova 2018)2003 to 2011 – NSF’s NNI, IGERT and Science of Learning

programs embraced topics focused on convergence2013 – Converging of Knowledge, Technology and Society,

Springer (NSF sponsored), International benchmarking, Springer2011, 2016 – MIT white paper and report on the “Convergence:

The Future of Health”

2014 – NAS: “Convergence: Facilitating Transdisciplinary Integration of Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Eng. & Beyond”

23

Activity in Convergence

MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Three stages of convergence of foundational, general-purpose S&T fields

(Refs 3 to 6, Springer, 2000-2013)

I. Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology: “Nanotechnology”

Integrates disciplines and knowledge of matter from the nanoscale

II. Nano-Bio-Info-Cognitive-AI foundational Converging Technologies: “NBICA” Integrates foundational and emerging technologies from key basic elements using similar system architectures and dynamic networking

III. Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society: “CKTS”

Integrates the essential platforms of human activity using seven convergence principles

MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Logic step

NSFHHS/NIH

DHS

NRC

HHS/FDA

CPSC ITC

DOC/ USPTO

HHS/CDC/NIOSH

DOC/BIS

USDA/FS

DOEd

DODDOE

NASA

DOC/NIST

EPA

DOT

DOTr

DOJ

IC/DNI

DOS

USDA/NIFAUSDA/ARS

DOI/ USGS

OMBOSTP

DOC/EDA

DOL

U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2000-2030

I. I. Nanotechnology programs: S&T divergence

OSTP

phys

chem

bioneur

Ex I. Nanotechnology Spin-offs

• Quantum systems - Quantum S&T 2003; NQI 2018• Metamaterials - 2004• Plasmonics - 2004• Modeling / simulation - Materials Genome Initiative 2011 • Nanophotonics - National Photonics Initiative 2012 • Nanofluidics • Carbon electronics • Nano sustainability • Nano wood fibers • DNA nanotechnology, Protein nanotechnology,

Nanosystems-mesoscale, . . . . . .MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex I. Quantum information systemsNSF contributions in NNI core and “The Quantum Leap”

• Fundamental science (particle entanglement, collective coherence, squeezing)

• Understanding natural and engineered quantum systems (emergent particle behavior, transition quantum/classical, system complexity)

• Technologies and devices (quantum materials, nanoscale sensors and metrology, quantum

communications and computing, devices, architectures and control)

• Env-Bio occurring and engineered quantum ecosystems (quantum biology, dispersions, others)

[Filippo Caruso (Lindau Meeting, 2016)] MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex I. “Quantum Leap” (NSF, 2018)

• $31 million for exploratory quantum research andtechnology development NSF awards made in 2018- Research Advanced in core programs (RAISE)- Transformational Advances in Quantum Systems (TAQS)- Quantum Integrated Platforms for Quantum Communication (EQuIP)

• Catalyzing Industry-University Collaboration in QuantumTechnologies Workshop Report – NSF sponsored August 2018

• National Quantum Initiative – OSTP, October 2018

MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

NBIC 2001: NSF Workshop “Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nano-Bio-Information-Cognition”

NBICA 2015: added general purpose “Artificial intelligence” as a foundational emerging field affecting human performance

Synergistic combination of 5 foundational emerging fields from their basic elements (atoms, bits, genes, neurons, logic step) up and using similar system architecture concepts, for common core goals such as learning, productivity & aging

II. Nano-Bio-Info-CognitiveConverging Technologies

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

NanobiomedicineNanobiotechnologySynthetic biology; epigeneticsBio-photonics; Microbiome;…

Neuromorphic engng.Synapses to mindSmart environments,Cogno aid devices ..

NanobioinformaticsDNA computingProteomics, ….

Brain simulationCyber networkingPersonalized education..

Nanotechnology Spin-offs : Nanophotonics, plasmonics, materials genome, mesoscale S&E, metamaterials, nanofluidics, carbon electronics, nanosustainability, wood fibers, DNA NT, ..

Spin-offs

Spin-offs

Spin-offs

Spin-offs

Information Technology Spin-offs: Large databases, cyber-physical-social infrastructure, Internet of Things, connected sensorial systems, topical computer-aided design, cyber networks, ...

II. Emergence & divergence of foundational NBICA fieldsRe

-com

bine

CKTS, 2013 (Ref 6)

NBICA system

Logic step

National Robotics Initiative

InfoCogno Bio

Nano

National Nanotechnology Initiative(nano.gov) (with coordinating office)

Materials Genome

BRAIN Initiative(whitehouse.gov/share/brain-initiative)

National Information Technology R&D(nitrd.gov)(with coordinating office)

Biomedical /Health focus

National Strategic Computing Initiative

Converging foundational technologies (NBIC) leads to II. U.S. emerging S&T initiatives

“NBIC”, Roco 2015 (Ref 8)

Big Data Science

NNI Grand Challenges

Brain

–like

Com

putin

g; S

mart

syste

ms

Precision Med

Nano-Photonics

Biology centered

Microbiome

Artificial Intelligence

Genome(s)

OSTP

Architecture, Life, Human-technology

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Quantum

Ex II: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (6 research ideas)

• Understanding the Rules of Life: Predicting Phenotype (N-inside)

• Work at the Human-Technology Frontier (N-inside)

• Windows on the Universe: Era of Multi-messenger Astrophysics

• Navigating the New Arctic

• Data science (N-inside)

• The Quantum Leap (N-inside)

Ex II. “Future of Work at the Human-Technology Frontier"NSF 2018 themes: foundations for Augmenting Human Cognition

and embodied Intelligent Cognitive Assistants(including nano-neuro, brain-like computing, nanocomponents, sensors, etc.)

Whole-body exoskeletons foradvanced vocational enhancement. Image credit: Sarcos

The Next mobile office: Safe andproductive work in automated vehicles.Image credit: Andrew Kun, U. New Hampshire

II II

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex II. Smart Systemsprograms with nanotechnology components

- National Robotics Initiative (NRI)

- Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPS)

Integration of intelligent decision-making algorithms and hardware intophysical systems

- Human-Centered smart service systems

- Smart and Connected CommunitiesMC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex II: IoT with Nanosensors

Nanotechnology for Sensors www.nano.gov/SensorsNSIPortal

Goals:1 nm sensors self poweredWireless networked linksDistributed network

Cyber-Physical SystemsMETI 2016

NNI/NNCO, MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex II: “Brain like computing” (NNI Grand Challenge) combining National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), National Strategic

Computing Initiative (NSCI) & BRAIN Initiative

• Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenge for Future Computing (DOD, DARPA, DOE, IARPA, NSF), announced by OSTP on Oct 21, 2015

• Purpose: “Create a new type of computer that can proactively interpret and learn from data, solve unfamiliar problems using what it has learned, and operate with the energy efficiency of the human brain.”

Also: pattern recognition, human like simultaneous perception of information from various sources including the five senses,

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Foundational tools – NBICA

Earth scale platform

Human scale &quality of life

Innovative & responsible governance- System behavior

For societal benefit, human development

Societal values and needs

The conductor suggests societal governance of K&T converging platforms for societal benefit.

Ref: 8: “Convergence of knowledge, technology and society: Beyond NBIC” 2013

Human activity system

Societal scale platform

III. Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society

Innovation circuit

Syste

m fee

dbac

k

MC Roco, Nov 6 2018

Convergence of Knowledge and Technology (CKTS) leads to III. U.S. global society-oriented initiatives

Societal

Earth Human

NBIC+

SunShot GC (DOE..)

Asteroid GC (NASA..)

Global Change Research Program(Global Change.gov) (with coord office)

Advanced manufacturing: National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI)

(http://www.manufacturing.gov/nnmi)

Smart and Connected Communities

Strategy for Arctic Region

STEAM EducationInitiative (NSF, DoEd)

“Principles and methods that facilitate convergence” (Ref 8)

Climate Action Plan Innovation

Space Station (NASA..)

Aging Population

Productivity, Sustainability, Equality, Safe

I-Corps

OSTP

MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

Ex III. The National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI)

DigitalMfg& Design

Chicago, IL

Lightweigh t Metals

Detroit, MI

Flexible Hybrid Electronics San

Jose, CA

Additive Manufacturin

g Youngstown,

OH

AFFOA - Fibers and Textiles,

Cambridge MA

AIMAIMPhotonicsPhotonics

RocheRochessteter,r, NYNY

Smart Manufacturing

Los Angeles, CA

Shaded states have major participants in Manufacturing

USA Institutes

Advanced Fiber-

Reinforced Polymer

Composites Knoxville, TN

Wide Bandgap Semiconductor

sRaleigh, NC

Modular Chemical Process

Intensification NewYork, NY

Bio-pharmaceutical Manufacturing Newark, DE

Advanced Tissue

Biofabrication, Manchester,

NH

REMADERochester, NY

Institute announce- ment January 13, 2017

2018: A network of 14 translational manufacturing instituteshttps://www.manufacturingusa.com/institutes MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

• INCLUDES: Enhancing Science & Engineering through Diversity• Mid-scale Research Infrastructure

• NSF 2026: The Integrative Foundational Fund• Growing Convergent Research at NSF

Ex III: 2016 NSF 10 Big Ideas (4 enabling ideas)

NSF 2026 All (N-inside)

Ex III. NSF “INCLUDES” - Development Launch Pilots Example: The 50K Coalition (NSF 17-522)

50K Coalition Partners- 30 colleges and universities- 21 professional engineering

societies- 3 community colleges- 5 corporations

Goal: Produce 50,000 diverse engineering graduates by 2025

Utilizing a Systems ApproachDesigned for ChangeAction Network Groups•Undergraduate Support and Retention•Public Awareness/Marketing•Funding and Financial Support•K-12 Support•Community College Linkages•Culture/Climate•Data Council

8

A part of the NSF INCLUDES National Network MC. Roco, Dec 6 2018

NNI at NSF in 2018

I. National Nanotechnology Initiative in 2019

Sustainable Nanomanufacturing

Nanoelectronics for 2020 and

Beyond

Water Sustainability

Through Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology for Sensing

Nanotechnology Knowledge

Infrastructure

Signature Initiatives (2016~2020 ) + Grand Challenges

2018, 2019 NNI Supplements to the President’s Budget

(including NSF, NIH, DOE, …)

2016-2019 NNI Strategic Plan approved by WH and

submitted to Congress(available on www.nano.gov)

PCAST report on NNI

NAS/NRC report on NNI

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

I. National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2019 Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives

Sustainable Nanomanufacturing www.nano.gov/NSINanomanufacturing

Nanoelectronics for 2020 and Beyond www.nano.gov/NSINanoelectronics

Water Sustainability through Nanotechnology www.nano.gov/node/1577 : 5 year goals for filtration, transportation, and sensors

Nanotechnology Knowledge Infrastructure www.nano.gov/NKIPortal

Nanotechnology for Sensors www.nano.gov/SensorsNSIPortal

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Several NSF NSE awards in FY 2017-2018 (1)www.nsf.gov

• National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, NNCI• Network for Computational Nanotechnology, nanoHUB et al.• Scalable nanomanufacturing, SNM (2017)• “Two-Dimensional Atomic-layer Research and Engineering,

2-DARE”; "Advancing Communication Quantum Information Research in Engineering (ACQUIRE)“ and “NewLAW”, 2017

• NSE in Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water (“INFEWS”) • NSE in Understanding the Brain (“UtB”)• NSF Nanosystems Eng. Res. (water filtration, biomedicine)• International nano-EHS collaboration: Communities of

Research (http://us-eu.org/)MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Other activities at NSF

• Core research in: BIO, CISE, E.H.R., ENG, GEO, MPS, SBE• Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC);

Nanotechnology Engineering Research Centers (NERC)• Science and Technology Centers (STC) (Ex: UCB, Harvard U.,

MIT-GA Tech, U. Colorado-Boulder, U. Penn) $5M/year/center• Other centers in core programs (Ex: Center for Sustainable

Development of Nanotechnology in CHE)• Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) (~5% of NSF NNI) • US (NNI)-EU (EC) Communities of Research (7 CORs) on

nanoEHS (http://us-eu.org/) • Part of Converging Knowledge, Technologies & Society (CKTS)• Translational: GOALI; I/UCRP; PFI; Nano-ERC; I-Corps

Several NSF NSE awards in FY 2017-2018 (2)www.nsf.gov

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Examples of NSF programs (2018-2019)

ACQUIRE: Advancing Communication Quantum Information Research In Engineering

SemiSynBio: Semiconductor Synthetic Biology for Information Processing and Storage Technologies

NewLAW:New Light, EM (Electronic) andAcoustic Wave Propagation: Breaking Reciprocity and Time-Reversal Symmetry

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Energy-Efficient Computing: from Devices to Architectures (E2CDA)

• - Radical new approaches – from new devicesarchitectures to hybrid digital-analog designs

- Partnership between NSF (ENG and CISE) andSemiconductor Research Corporation (SRC)

Examples: - 2D Electrostrictive FETs for Ultra-Low Power Circuits & Architectures, - Energy Efficient Computing with Chip-Based Photonics, - Energy Efficient Learning Machines, - Self-Adaptive Reservoir Computing with Spiking Neurons: Learning

Algorithms and Processor ArchitecturesMC Roco, Dec 6 2018

• Provide open access to state-of-the-art nano-fabrication and characterization facilities, their tools, and staff expertise across the US

• Use these resources to support education and outreach as well as societal and ethical implications in/of nanotechnology

• http://www.nnci.net/

NSF FundedFY 2015-2019$81M total

16 NNCI Sites13 Partners 17 States67 Facilities>2000 Tools

Oliver Brand, Georgia Tech, oliver.brand@ece.gatech.edu 49

NEHI and ELSI Research and Programs in the NNCI

• NNCI has four main sites that do work researching, training,and communicating some of the social and ethical issuesraised by and inherent to Nanoscale S&E:

• North Carolina State University• Arizona State University• University of Texas at Austin• Northwestern University

• Their goal: “integrating research on societal, ethical, andenvironmental concerns with nanotechnology research anddevelopment, and ensuring that advances in nanotechnologybring about improvements in quality of life for all Americans”

Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN)

> 1.4 million users annually > 1,800 contributors 172 countries NCN CyberPlatform

nanoMFG Node

Global nano S&E

Community

nanoBIONode

Cyberinfrastructure: 500+ nano-Apps in the cloud5,500+ lectures and tutorials 100+ courses => MOOC 185 institutions

NSF – discovery, innovation and education in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)

www.nsf.gov/nano , www.nano.gov

- FY 2018 Budget planned: $421 M

– Fundamental research > 7,000 active projects in all NSF directorates

– Establishing the infrastructure > 30 centers & networks, 2 general user facilities

– Training and education > 10,000 students and teachers/y; ~ $50M/y

FYs 2017 actual ~ $465 M (including other core programs)

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

NSF’s NS&E amount new awards per capitaFYs 2000 - 2018: U.S. average amount ~ $41 /capita

#1 MA $149 / capita (2000-2018)2018: Over 7,000 active awards(abstracts on www.nsf.gov/nano)

AK 5.93; AL 38.68; AR 33.88; AZ 44.81; CA 46.88; CO 66.97 ; CT 41.45; DC 133.66 ; DE 91.92 ; FL 13.19; GA 28.41; HI 3.27; IA 27.08; ID 20.78; IL 57.98; IN 51.52; KS 27.31; KY 19.59; LA 19.69; MA 148.80 ; MD 50.30; ME 10.72; MI 35.49; MN 39.53; MO 19.20; MS 28.01; MT 30.02; NC 44.44; ND 35.07; NE 61.88; NH 31.92; NJ 32.75; NM 36.65; NV 9.08; NY 74.21; OH 34.20; OK 19.79; OR 32.96; PA 60.69 ; PR 20.10; RI 96.61 ; SC 26.10; SD 50.66; TN 20.01; TX 25.72; UT 35.23; VA 31.23; VT 26.49; WA 31.19; WI 49.13; WV 25.51; WY 24.57

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Num

bers

of A

war

ds

Budget Fiscal Year

Numbers of NEW and ACTIVE NS&E AwardsFYs 2000 - 2018

No. NEWAwds.No. ACTIVEAwds.

2000 ~ 2010: nano penetration 2010 ~ 2020: nano integration and qualitative changes

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Nano-inspired programs by other agencies

• DARPA: Atom to Producthttp://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/opportunities

• DOE: Atomically Precise Manufacturing https://science.energy.gov/sbir/funding-opportunities/

• NIH: Image Guided Drug Delivery (PAR 16-044)http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-16-044.html

• Other opportunities NIST, NIOSH, USDA, …MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Several future trends

• Hierarchical, modular, NBICA manufacturing

• Sustainability nanotechnology: recyclability, W, En, F

• Gene editing in medicine, agriculture, energy

• Brain–to-brain and -machine communication

• Quantum entanglement, communication and computing

• NT for smart systems: general purpose AI & IA (Int Aug) Intelligent Cognitive Assistants, in production, cyber-physical-human systems, transport, healthcare.

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

Related publications1. “Coherence and Divergence of Megatrends in Science and Engineering”

(Roco, JNR, 2002)2. “Nanotechnology: Convergence with Modern Biology and Medicine”,

(Roco, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2003) 3. NANO1: “Nanotechnology research directions: Vision for the next decade”

(Roco, Williams & Alivisatos, WH, 1999, also Springer, 316p, 2000)4. NANO 2020: “Nanotechnology research directions for societal needs in

2020” (Roco, Mirkin & Hersam, Springer, 690p, 2011a)5. NBIC: “Converging technologies for improving human performance: nano-

bio-info-cognition” (Roco & Bainbridge, Springer, 468p, 2003)6. CKTS: “Convergence of knowledge, technology and society: Beyond

NBIC” (Roco, Bainbridge, Tonn & Whitesides; Springer, 604p, 2013b) 7. The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of

knowledge, technology and society” (Roco & Bainbridge, JNR 2013a, 15)8. “Principles and methods that facilitate convergence” (Roco, Springer

Reference, Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence, 2015) 9. “Science and technology convergence, with emphasis for

nanotechnology-inspired convergence” (Bainbridge & Roco, JNR, 2016)10. HSTC: “Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence”

(Bainbridge & Roco, 2016)

(5 re

ports

with

R&D

reco

mm

enda

tions

for 2

020)