nanomedicine bionics -...
TRANSCRIPT
NANOMEDICINE
BIONICS
ORGANIC TISSUE
ON METAL SKELETON
BIOLOGY
ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION TO
MODERN MEDICINE
TREATING
THE REAL
CAUSE OF
THE
DISEASE
understanding
and treating
diseases at the
molecular
level
THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE
MOLECULAR GENETICS
THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE
NANOTECHNOLOGY,
ROBOTICS
NANOMEDICINE
PRESENT? NEAR FUTURE? SCI-FI?
ISAAC ASIMOV's FANTASTIC VOYAGE (1966)
An atom has a diameter of about 0.1 nm, the atom's nucleus is about 0.00001 nm
1986,the term: NANOTECHNOLOGY
There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom is the title of a famous lecture given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959. Feynman considered the possibility of direct manipulation of individual atoms as a more powerful form of synthetic chemistry than those used at the time.
For his contributions to the development of QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS, Feynman was a joint recipient of the NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS IN 1965, together with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.
”THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”
RICHARD PHILLIPS FEYNMAN (1918–1988)
Feynman's photo ID badge whilst working on the MANHATTAN PROJECT.
”THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”
“ The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak
against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom.”
1959
”THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”
"swallowing the doctor"
(a tiny, swallowable surgical robot)
"swallowing the doctor"
”THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”
”THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”
"swallowing the doctor"
"swallowing the doctor"
”THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE was invented in 1981. The journal NANOTECHNOLOGY was launched in 1989;
In 1989 at IBM’s Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California, scientists Don Eigler and Erhard Schweizer began a little atomic manipulation project of their own. With company pride they MANIPULATED 35 XENON ATOMS to form the logo, “IBM”. And thus the era of Nanotechnology began (published in NATURE in April 1990)
SCIENCE has a special issue on nanotechnology in November 1991.
MILESTONES OF EARLY NANOTECHNOLOGY
"WET" NANOTECHNOLOGY
"DRY" NANOTECHNOLOGY
COMPUTATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
“Bottom-up approach”
Molecular components assemble
themselves
Synthetic chemistry
“Top-down approach”
Constructed from larger entities
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
SEEING THINGS ON THE ATOMIC LEVEL SCANNING TUNNELING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE
individual iron atoms to build "electron corrals" of various shapes on copper metal
Scanning tunneling microscopes use a weak electric current to probe the scanned material.
SCANNING TUNNELING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of IBM's Zurich Research Center were awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the STM.
see surface atoms
move xenon atoms
selective bond-breaking
Atomic Force Microscopes have performed NANOMACHINING operations on planar MoO3 crystals: applying 100 nanonewtons at the tip, two rectangular slots and a 50-nm rectangular sliding member were milled from a crystal, then the member was slid repeatedly from one slot to the other, making a reversible mechanical latch; 10-nm features can be milled with AFMs.
Individual nucleotides have been distinguished and manipulated on stretched DNA strands using AFMs.
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE
pentacénmolekula
pentacene
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE
SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY
Chemists have built a large number of potentially useful rigid nanoparts including molecular-scale rods, rings, springs, cubes, spheres, tetrahedrons, hollow tubes, propellors
pseudorotaxane
rotaxanes
catenane
SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY
TOP-DOWN APPROACH
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 1/1000th-scale working electric car just 2.8 millimeters wide, complete with motor, wheels, body, spare tire, bumpers, and even a 10-micron thick license plate.
BUILDERS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
BUILDERS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Currently, the US MILITARY is the world’s leading investor in Nanotechnology. In 2007, over 30% of the military’s total expenditure was spent on Nanotech research. The optimum goal of this investment is to decrease casualties in combat by shifting to a technological war.
MILITARY Nanotechnology-Devised Body Suit
-bulletproof
-fend off harmful biological chemical elements
-read the soldier’s vital signs
-instantaneous camoflauge
CARBON NANOTUBES
CARBON NANOTUBES
NANO-TEX
•Each nanowhisker is only ten nanometers long, made of a few atoms of carbon. These whiskers repel stains by forming a cushion of air around cotton fibers. But they cannot be seen or felt on the fabric's surface, so the fabric stays soft.
Old Navy, Nike, Nordstrom, Champion, Levi
NANOMEDICINE
NANOMEDICINE SEEKS TO DELIVER A VALUABLE SET OF RESEARCH TOOLS AND CLINICALLY HELPFUL DEVICES IN THE NEAR FUTURE.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
NEW THERAPIES
IN VIVO IMAGING
NEURO-ELECTRONIC INTERFACES
NANOELECTRONICS-BASED SENSORS
MOLECULAR NANOTECHNOLOGY (SPECULATIVE FIELD): CELL REPAIR MACHINES COULD REVOLUTIONIZE MEDICINE AND THE MEDICAL FIELD.
Non-viral Gene therapy: Nanoparticles
Immunoisolation for Cell-encapsulation therapy
•Nanoporous Silicone-based biocapsules serves as Artificial Pancreas(Desai et al. 2001)
CANCER THERAPY
NANOSHELLS CANCER TREATMENT PROVES EFFECTIVE IN FIRST ANIMAL TEST, 2004
120 nm diameter nanoshells coated with gold
the nanoshells can be targeted by conjugating antibodies or
peptides to the nanoshell surface
infrared laser heats the gold to cook the cancer cells
CANCER DIAGNOSIS
Nanoparticles of cadmium selenide (quantum dots) glow when exposed to
ultraviolet light. When injected, they seep into cancer tumors. The surgeon
can see the glowing tumor, and use it as a guide for more accurate tumor
removal.
Quantum dots (nanoparticles with quantum confinement properties, such as
size-tunable light emission), when used in conjunction with MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging), can produce exceptional images of tumor sites.
The combination nanoparticle binds to the Her-2 tumor cell and unloads the cancer-fighting drug cisplatin directly into the cancer cell. The researchers created the twin nanoparticle by binding one gold (Au) nanoparticle with an iron-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle. On one end, they attached a synthetic protein antibody to the iron-oxide nanoparticle. On the other end, they attached cisplatin to the gold nanoparticle. pH-sensitive covalent bond to connect the gold nanoparticle with the cisplatin to ensure that the drug was not released into the body but remained attached to the nanoparticle until it was time for it to be released into the malignant cell.
CANCER THERAPY Twin nanoparticle shown effective at targeting, killing breast cancer cells March 10th, 2009
BACTERIAL CELL DIVISION
MECHANISM OF CANCER FORMATION
CANCER THERAPY
MODE OF ACTION OF ANTI CANCER DRUGS
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF ANTIBODIES AND OTHER RECOMBINANT PROTEINS
CANCER THERAPY
MECHANISM OF ENDOCYTOSIS
CANCER THERAPY
APOPTOSIS- PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
MEMBRANE TRANSPORTER PROTEINS RNAi
CANCER THERAPY
MECHANISM AND REGULATION OF TRANSLATION (PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
CANCER THERAPY
BIONICS
FUTÓ
„SIMPLE” BIONICS
BIONIC EYE
BIONIC EAR
BIONIC EAR
Mastoidectomy
Posterior tympanotomy
Cochleostomy
SURGERY
Inserting The Electrode Array
Fixation Of The Implant
100% SCI-FI!
NANOROBOTS IN MEDICINE
LUNG CLEANER NANOROBOTS
SYNAPTIC REPAIR NANOROBOTS
DNS REPAIR NANOROBOT
RESPIROCYTE
RESPIROCYTE
RESPIROCYTE
RESPIROCYTE
MICROBIVORES
CLOTTOCYTE
VASCULOCYTE
CANCER KILLER NANOROBOT
BRAIN CELL ENHANCERS
DENTISTRY
THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE:
LIMITLESS POSSIBILITIES
Nanomedicine can make possible the re-engineering of the human body,
including the improvement of existing natural biological systems and the
addition of new systems and capabilities not found in nature. Such re-
engineering is commonly called "augmentation".
NANOTECHNOLOGY & EVOLUTION
evolution
After us ? Us Homo
Sapiens
Homo
Erectus
?
Bionic man
Intelligent
systems
Artificial life
POSTHUMAN EVOLUTION