Hemant AID MS 09/05

IIRBS MG UNIVERSITY

Contents Nanotechnology Why we need it ! / Do we need it ? Current status• Devices in use• Past Expectations• Applications

Feynman’s Speech Challenges Ahead NanoDevices

Nanotechnology Study of objects of dimensions 10-9m. Understanding and control of matter Infintesibility of matter Explore materials in an atomic level Scaling up macroscopic properties

Conduction Catalysis Disinfection Drug Delivery

Need / Purpose1. Fill our knowledge on the

fundamentals of matter Nanoscale intermediary Matter organization through weak

molecular interactions IBM ,Zurich (1981) – Cluster measurement IBM, Almaden (1991)- Move atoms on

surfaces IBM,Almaden(2002)- physically assembed

molecules by moving the atoms Lack of a model with spatial and

temporal accuracy

2. Find new applicationso Biosignallingo Bioregenerationo Designing molecular assemblieso Disinfection

3. Industrial Prototyping and Commercializationo Many private companies have nanotech grpso Professional Societies establshing nanotech

groups , conducting colloquia, seminars promoting it

o To acheive Nanoscale control over manufacturing

o Life time sustainability and Biocompatibilityo Mass population Utilitarian needs

Past Expectations Revolutionize human lives Miniaturization Overestimating the possibilites

And now…. Still Too expensive Step by Step implementation

required Fear of weaponization Private companies (one decade)

Challenges Ahead….1. Key manufacturing processes being

redesigned at the nanoscale level2. Converging science and engg at the

nanoscale3. Origin of knowledge development from

the nanoscale4. Systematic growth through overlapping

generations1. 1st (2001) - passive

2. 2nd(2005) - active

3. 3rd (2010) - nanosystems in 3D

4. 4th(2015) - heterogeneous molecular systems

NanoDevice Introduction “Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

Miniaturization Small scale“Forced Labour” The Feynman challenge

“Tyranny at the top” Feynman’s idea to mimic nature Applications Expectations

Introduction

Any device operating in the nanoscale

Fashioned artificially to tailor our need or already existing in nature in a ecosystem

Dr Mihail Roco, Founder NNI

There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom

APS, Caltech Dec 29 1959 Published in 1960 , Caltech’s Engineering

and Science (Vol XXIII , No 5. pp 22-36)

Encyclopaedia Brittanica on a pinhead Pinhead 0.15 cms R.P. 0.0211cms on magnification by 25,000 Consider a pixel on a page, magnify it by

25,000 and we see that it is 80A in diameter. It has about 1000atoms.

Criteria is that atoms should be spaced such that they can be remagnified back to get the original

The Feynman Challenge Gedanken expt then Practical Possibility now A library on a library card

Writing small Miniaturization Lubrication Better Microscopy Coding Information more effectively Quantity over Quality

Tyranny at the Top J Morton -> Bell Laboratories Tyranny of large systems “ a rope cannot hold heavier weights

by increasing it’s thickness. A transistor need not be made small

to integrate them on a chip many smaller transistors can be made to increase the effectiveness

Moore’s Law saved us from seeing this phenomenon.

Mimic Nature Biomechanical Motion Cell signalling Membrane transport Enzyme Cascade Protein folding Neural networking

Nature applies all it’s nanostructures in 3D

Need to combine algorithmic human computation with 3D implementation as in nature

NANODEVICES

Molecular Self Assembly NanoFibers

NanoBioPharmaceuticals

Molecular Self assembly Covalent

Typical carbon carbon bond 90 kcal.

Non-covalent

1.Van der waals2.Cohesive Forces3.London Forces4.Hydrogen bonding5.Hydrophobic

interaction

Molecular Muscle / NanoValves Emulating high

strength high fibre and high displacement tissue

Muscle contraction occurs as a result of a ATP hydrolysis driven power stroke that causes myosin and actin filaments to slide over each other controlled by the sarcomere

Mobile elements that regulate the flow of gases, liquids and particles

Controlled in vivo release of drug molecules

They act according to the presence of suitable stimuli like light, pH, enzyme cascade etc

NanoFibers Small pore size and

large surface area Dia (100-500nm)

Nanocatalysis Aerosol filtration Protective equipment Barrie r optics

1. 20 – 4000nm electrospinning the polymer melt by electrostatic forces

2. 0.5nm – 10micrometre by extruding melted polymers from dies , attenuating by heat and blown by hot air

3. 100nm – 5 micrometre by spinning bicomponent fibres

NANOBIOPHARMACEUTICALS