Nanobiotechnololy

Video Journey Into Nanotechnology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jqQxuVncmc

Enzyme Immobilization: Nanobiotechnology: Putting Molecular Machines to Workhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYmioTsy4Cc

Medicine

Atom

100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 0.1 µm 0.01 µm 0.001 µm(1 nm)

Eukaryotic cells ProteinsVirusesBacteria

RibosomeNucleus

Gate of Leading

Edge Transistor

Visible Light

Surface Micromachining Features (MEMS)

Molecules

(10 nm)

The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications.

Thus far, the integration of nanomaterials with biology has led to the development of diagnostic devices, contrast agents, analytical tools, physical therapy applications, and drug-delivery vehicles.

Silver nanoparticles reduce the growth of hundreds of types of bacteria responsible for wound infection.

New Silver Bandages May Help Heal Wounds

Clothing which can absorb body odors

NanoHorizons, based in State College, Pa., has begun to sell a line of metallic nanoparticles that are compatible with standard polymer manufacturing process.

This means that silver, gold and other metals that kill bacteria and odor-causing microbes can be incorporated into shoes, athletic equipment and other plastic or nylon products.

Silver socks don't smellSilver kills odor-causing bacteria, preventing odors. Noble Biomaterials embeds silver in clothing worn by soldiers, elite athletes and weekend warriors alike, capitalizing on the precious metal's increasing popularity as a way to keep clothes smelling fresh, even after multiple wears without a wash.

Antibacterial Food Packaging

Micro and nanotechnologies are revolutionizing medicine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3DREmTiAqA&feature=related

Highly Nano Porous Metal Stents

Stents are medical implants that, for example, prevent the blocking of arteries after surgery. One of the problems using stents is the biocompatibility as the human body rejects and attacks foreign material. The Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) developed a new method for making the surface of metal stents highly nano porous by producing millions of nano bubbles underneath.

Nanowire Coating for Bone Implants, Stents

University of Arkansas researchers have found a simple, inexpensive way to create a nanowire coating on the surface of biocompatible titanium that can be used to create more effective surfaces for hip replacement, dental reconstruction and vascular stenting.

Bone cells grown on carbon nanotubes

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside have published findings that show, for the first time, that bone cells can grow and proliferate on a scaffold of carbon nanotubes. Scientists found that the nanotubes, 100,000 times finer than a human hair, are an excellent scaffold for bone cells to grow on.

http://biosingularity.wordpress.com/2006/03/21/researchers-grow-bone-cells-on-carbon-nanotubes/http://neurophilosophy.wordpress.com/2006/03/17/123/

Tissue Engineering

Electrospinning and self-assembly are two promising techniques under investigation to fabricate nanodimensional fibres for tissue engineering.

'Artificial muscles' made from nanotubes

"Artificial muscles" have been made from millions of carbon nanotubes. Like natural muscles, providing an electrical charge causes the individual fibers to expand and the whole structure to move.

Molecular Motors

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TGDPotbJV4&feature=related

Motor Proteins

The Inner Life of a Cell

•http://www.studiodaily.com/main/technique/tprojects/6850.html

Sperm Power

A team of Cornell University scientists has shown in initial experiments that it might be possible to borrow sperm’s strategy for energy production and modify it to power nanodevices that could move through the human body, dispensing drugs, monitoring enzymes or performing other chores.

Neuro-electronic Interfaces

Constructing nano devices that will permit computers to be joined and linked to the nervous system. This could provide a cure for MS and Lou Gehrig’s Diseases which involve nervous system degeneration.

Nanobots replacing neurons

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-2Xw-GNkUQ&feature=related

Carbon nanotubes naturally emit light in the near-infrared region

Tiny, implantable devices filled with carbon nanotubes may someday help diabetics monitor glucose levels without drawing blood. Researchers hope that nanotubes--thanks to their strength, conductivity and light-emitting properties--will lend themselves to a range of similar "biosensing" applications.

Carbon Nanotube Biosensors

Researchers modified carbon nanotubes so they stick to a target molecule; when they do so their fluorescence diminishes, which indicates that the molecule is present. The researchers proof-of-concept system detected glucose levels in a sample of blood.

carbon nanotubes give off near-infrared light

Cosmetics

Molecule-level nanotechnology has been applied for moisturizers to penetrate deep into the skin and to create baby-like suppleness from the inside.

Nano Sunscreen

Cancer Treatment

After arriving at their destinations, mother ships would release their payload nanoparticles, which could be designed to help image tumors, enter cells and perform measurements, and deliver therapies.

"nanoparticles" that target specific tumor cells or, as illustrated in this example, the blood vessels that feed them. About the size of a red blood cell, these micron-sized nanoporous mother ships would move through the body, target specific tumor cells or the blood vessels that feed them.

Gold Nanoparticles and Cancer Cell Detection

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyhxRIvw_cY

ScienceDaily (May 10, 2005)— Binding gold nanoparticles to a specific antibody for cancer cells could make cancer detection much easier, suggests research at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF).

Extra Slides

Quantum Computing• Seth Lloyd's Quantum Computer • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KUMXe9gh7c&feature=related• Mr.Stickman Quantum Physics • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6FKeC4QS5k&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSr7hyOHO1Q&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNatzhe4BoQ&feature=related

Quantum Computers

Entirely new approaches for computing exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics may be possible with quantum dots.

The Quantum computer will have quantum bit memory space termed qubit for several computations at the same time.Quantum dots exhibit tunneling phenomena, allowing them to be in more than one place at once (principle of superposition).

This will allow for parallel processing and computing power that is magnitudes higher than what is currently available.

Quantum-dot switches

Biomolecular Self-Assembly

Two complimentary strands of DNA will find each other within an enormously complex mixture. One promising approach is to attach single-stranded DNA to small particles that one wishes to assemble. Such patterned surfaces have applications for both nanoelectronic devices and biosensors.

A self-assembled monolayer of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) will selectively hybridize with its complementary strands. This is the principle behind modern day gene chips.

Cancer Treatment via Laser Activated Drug Release from Nano Shells.

By combining an organic matrix with metallic clusters that can absorb light, it is possible to incorporate such particles into cells and then destroy those targeted cells with a laser.

A Versatile Nano Carrier for the Delivery of Proteins

Once injected in the body, the nanoparticles release the captured-drugs in a controlled manner and over an extended period of time. Both processes (capture and release) are non-denaturing, which preserves structural integrity - and hence the biological activity - of the drug.

Bacteria Ferry Nanoparticles Into Cells For Early Diagnosis

The green and red spheres represent drug-carrying polystyrene nanoparticles of varying sizes. Delivery system begins with a) cargo carrying bacteria that is b) "swallowed" by the receiving cell. The bacterium then c) dissolves the cell membrane and d) releases its cargo which may also be e) sent to the nucleus at will to make useful proteins or regulate genes. (Credit: Purdue University, Discovery Park)

Smart Medicine

Researchers coat the lipid spheres with biotin, a naturally occurring vitamin cofactor. Researchers also inject a molecule called avidin. Avidin is attracted to biotin; the two molecules join together and cluster as they pass through the lymph nodes.

Health Science Center researchers have created nanomolecular lipid spheres, minuscule capsules of medicine programmed to zero in on the lymph nodes.

Nanoparticles used to develop better vaccines

A sugar coated nanoparticle interacts with receptors on a cell membrane.