The Effect of InorganicThe Effect of InorganicThe Effect of InorganicThe Effect of InorganicFullereneFullereneFullereneFullerene----like Nanoparticles & like Nanoparticles & like Nanoparticles & like Nanoparticles &

Nanotubes on Polymer propertiesNanotubes on Polymer propertiesNanotubes on Polymer propertiesNanotubes on Polymer properties

NanoMaterials, Ltd.NanoMaterials, Ltd.NanoMaterials, Ltd.NanoMaterials, Ltd.Presented by Dr. Alla ZakPresented by Dr. Alla ZakPresented by Dr. Alla ZakPresented by Dr. Alla Zak

February February February February 7777thththth , , , , 2011201120112011

NML Offices and R&D LabsNML Offices and R&D LabsNML Offices and R&D LabsNML Offices and R&D LabsNes Ziona, HiNes Ziona, HiNes Ziona, HiNes Ziona, Hi----Tech ParkTech ParkTech ParkTech Park

NanoMatetrials (NML) was NanoMatetrials (NML) was NanoMatetrials (NML) was NanoMatetrials (NML) was established in established in established in established in 2002 2002 2002 2002 as a result of as a result of as a result of as a result of

Successful Transfer from Science to Successful Transfer from Science to Successful Transfer from Science to Successful Transfer from Science to Industry.Industry.Industry.Industry.

Weizmann Institute of ScienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceLaboratory of Prof. Reshef TenneLaboratory of Prof. Reshef TenneLaboratory of Prof. Reshef TenneLaboratory of Prof. Reshef Tenne

1992 1992 1992 1992 discoverydiscoverydiscoverydiscovery

4Synthesis of Inorganic nanoparticles from layered transition metal

dichalcogenides (WS2 and MoS2) :

Inorganic Fullerene-like nanoparticles (IF) and Nanotubes (INT)

MoS Fullerene-like

Platelet

WS2 nanotube

MoS2 Fullerene-like

Nanoparticle

TEM images of IFTEM images of IFTEM images of IFTEM images of IF----WSWSWSWS2222

NanoMaterialsNanoMaterialsNanoMaterialsNanoMaterialsPilot plantPilot plantPilot plantPilot plant

80808080kg reactorkg reactorkg reactorkg reactor

*Sonol engine oil with NanoLubSonol engine oil with NanoLubSonol engine oil with NanoLubSonol engine oil with NanoLub

NanoLubNanoLubNanoLubNanoLub---- trade name of IF based Materials . trade name of IF based Materials . trade name of IF based Materials . trade name of IF based Materials . Products based on NanoLub:Products based on NanoLub:Products based on NanoLub:Products based on NanoLub:

Engine and gear oil concentrateEngine and gear oil concentrateEngine and gear oil concentrateEngine and gear oil concentrateBicycle chain lubricantsBicycle chain lubricantsBicycle chain lubricantsBicycle chain lubricants

Formulated greaseFormulated greaseFormulated greaseFormulated grease

Grease concentrate (paste)Grease concentrate (paste)Grease concentrate (paste)Grease concentrate (paste)

Engine and gear oil concentrateEngine and gear oil concentrateEngine and gear oil concentrateEngine and gear oil concentrate

Solid lubricant for ball bearingsSolid lubricant for ball bearingsSolid lubricant for ball bearingsSolid lubricant for ball bearings

*Lab Reactor for WSLab Reactor for WSLab Reactor for WSLab Reactor for WS2222 Nanotube synthesis Nanotube synthesis Nanotube synthesis Nanotube synthesis New New New New product WSproduct WSproduct WSproduct WS2222----INT succeeded in scale up. INT succeeded in scale up. INT succeeded in scale up. INT succeeded in scale up.

New applications New applications New applications New applications ---- strengthening of composite materials strengthening of composite materials strengthening of composite materials strengthening of composite materials and reduction of their friction and wear.and reduction of their friction and wear.and reduction of their friction and wear.and reduction of their friction and wear.

Lab Reactor

*Growth mechanism of WSGrowth mechanism of WSGrowth mechanism of WSGrowth mechanism of WS2222NanotubesNanotubesNanotubesNanotubes

*Inorganic WS2 Nanotubes

SEM images

TEMTEMTEMTEM

SEMSEMSEMSEM

*Inorganic FullereneInorganic FullereneInorganic FullereneInorganic Fullerene----like Nanoparticles like Nanoparticles like Nanoparticles like Nanoparticles propertiespropertiespropertiesproperties

Nanosize Nanosize Nanosize Nanosize 50505050----350 350 350 350 nm, semispherical shapenm, semispherical shapenm, semispherical shapenm, semispherical shape IF withstand IF withstand IF withstand IF withstand 25 25 25 25 GPa Shockwave pressure [GPa Shockwave pressure [GPa Shockwave pressure [GPa Shockwave pressure [1111]]]] IFIFIFIF----WSWSWSWS2222 nanoparticles withstand nanoparticles withstand nanoparticles withstand nanoparticles withstand 11112222....5 5 5 5 GPa GPa GPa GPa

uniaxial compression stressuniaxial compression stressuniaxial compression stressuniaxial compression stress.[[[[2222]]]] Popular stiffness for individual IF Popular stiffness for individual IF Popular stiffness for individual IF Popular stiffness for individual IF 350350350350----360 360 360 360

NmNmNmNm----1111 [[[[2222]]]] IF exhibited exfoliation under ~IF exhibited exfoliation under ~IF exhibited exfoliation under ~IF exhibited exfoliation under ~1 1 1 1 Gpa uniaxial Gpa uniaxial Gpa uniaxial Gpa uniaxial

pressure probably caused by shear force at the pressure probably caused by shear force at the pressure probably caused by shear force at the pressure probably caused by shear force at the contact point during tribological test [contact point during tribological test [contact point during tribological test [contact point during tribological test [3333]]]]

pellet generates impact shock

pressures from a few GPa up to a few

tens of Gpa . [1]

Low friction solid lubricant[Low friction solid lubricant[Low friction solid lubricant[Low friction solid lubricant[3333]]]][1] The dynamic pressure resistant performance

of IF cages was investigated via shock recovery

experiments... The shock-absorbing ability of the IF

enables them to survive pressures up to 25 GPa

accompanied with concurrent temperatures of up

to 1000 C without any significant structural

degradation or phase change.

1. Y. Q. Zhu, et. al. ,Nottingham University, UK,

Advanced Materials, vol. 17, (2005), 1500-1503

2. O. Tevet, et al., Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 365705 (6pp)

3. Joly-Pottuz L, et al., N 2006, J. Appl. Phys. 99 023524

AFM cantilever probe in HRSEM [2]

*Inorganic WSInorganic WSInorganic WSInorganic WS2222 Nanotubes propertiesNanotubes propertiesNanotubes propertiesNanotubes properties Size: Size: Size: Size: 80808080----120120120120nm in diameter , nm in diameter , nm in diameter , nm in diameter , 10101010----20 20 20 20 m m m m

in lengthin lengthin lengthin length Shock wave resistance for pressed INT Shock wave resistance for pressed INT Shock wave resistance for pressed INT Shock wave resistance for pressed INT

powder powder powder powder 21212121GPa, collapse under GPa, collapse under GPa, collapse under GPa, collapse under 35353535GPa[GPa[GPa[GPa[4444] ] ] ]

Young modulus from tensile and bending Young modulus from tensile and bending Young modulus from tensile and bending Young modulus from tensile and bending tests for individual INT: tests for individual INT: tests for individual INT: tests for individual INT: 152152152152----170 170 170 170 GPa GPa GPa GPa [[[[5555,,,,6666]]]]

Tensile strength and strain are Tensile strength and strain are Tensile strength and strain are Tensile strength and strain are 4444----16161616GPa GPa GPa GPa Tensile strength and strain are Tensile strength and strain are Tensile strength and strain are Tensile strength and strain are 4444----16161616GPa GPa GPa GPa and and and and 5555----14141414% [% [% [% [5555]]]][4] WS2 nanotubes are capable of withstanding shear stress caused by shock waves of up to 21 Gpa. Under similar shock conditions, WS2 tubes are more stable than carbon nanotubes (CNT), the latter being transformed into a diamond phase.

[4] Shock-Wave Resistance of WS2 Nanotubes, Y. Q. Zhu, H. W. Kroto, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125 (5), 1329-1333[5] I.Kaplan-Ashiri, et al., PNAS, January 17, 2006 vol. 103 no. 3 523528[6] I.Kaplan-Ashiri, et al., (2004) J. Mater. Res. 19, 454-459.

*Nanocomposites with IF and INTNanocomposites with IF and INTNanocomposites with IF and INTNanocomposites with IF and INT TargetTargetTargetTarget: : : :

To To To To enchanceenchanceenchanceenchance mechanical properties of the polymer matrix by inclusion of mechanical properties of the polymer matrix by inclusion of mechanical properties of the polymer matrix by inclusion of mechanical properties of the polymer matrix by inclusion of Inorganic Inorganic Inorganic Inorganic NanoParticlesNanoParticlesNanoParticlesNanoParticles (INP) in polymer matrices. (INP) in polymer matrices. (INP) in polymer matrices. (INP) in polymer matrices.

Basis:Basis:Basis:Basis:The combination of the polymer flexibility with special properties of The combination of the polymer flexibility with special properties of The combination of the polymer flexibility with special properties of The combination of the polymer flexibility with special properties of inorganic nanoparticles should achieve the target. The properties are:inorganic nanoparticles should achieve the target. The properties are:inorganic nanoparticles should achieve the target. The properties are:inorganic nanoparticles should achieve the target. The properties are:1111. High Modulus, . High Modulus, . High Modulus, . High Modulus, 2222. High Impact Resistance, . High Impact Resistance, . High Impact Resistance, . High Impact Resistance, 3333. Low Friction, . Low Friction, . Low Friction, . Low Friction, 4444. . . . NanosizeNanosizeNanosizeNanosize a) a) a) a) allow small amounts of fillerallow small amounts of fillerallow small amounts of fillerallow small amounts of filler gain in weight, b) decrease of local stress gain in weight, b) decrease of local stress gain in weight, b) decrease of local stress gain in weight, b) decrease of local stress concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc. concentrations in polymer, etc.

Different matrixes were studied:Different matrixes were studied:Different matrixes were studied:Different matrixes were studied:****PolyacetalPolyacetalPolyacetalPolyacetal [[[[7777]]]]*Epoxy (different types) [*Epoxy (different types) [*Epoxy (different types) [*Epoxy (different types) [7777,,,,8888]]]]****IsotacticIsotacticIsotacticIsotactic polypropylene (polypropylene (polypropylene (polypropylene (iPPiPPiPPiPP) [) [) [) [9999]]]]****PolyphenylenePolyphenylenePolyphenylenePolyphenylene sulfide (PPS) [sulfide (PPS) [sulfide (PPS) [sulfide (PPS) [10101010]]]]****PolyetheretherketonePolyetheretherketonePolyetheretherketonePolyetheretherketone (PEEK) [(PEEK) [(PEEK) [(PEEK) [11111111]]]]****PolymethiylPolymethiylPolymethiylPolymethiyl methacrylatemethacrylatemethacrylatemethacrylate (PMMA, (PMMA, (PMMA, (PMMA, perspexperspexperspexperspex) ) ) ) *Silicone adhesives*Silicone adhesives*Silicone adhesives*Silicone adhesives

*The Composites start from Dispersion.The Composites start from Dispersion.The Composites start from Dispersion.The Composites start from Dispersion.IF and INT could be Homogenously Dispersed in IF and INT could be Homogenously Dispersed in IF and INT could be Homogenously Dispersed in IF and INT could be Homogenously Dispersed in

differentdifferentdifferentdifferent polymer matrixes polymer matrixes polymer matrixes polymer matrixes

AlAlAlAlsubstratesubstratesubstratesubstrate

SMA SMA SMA SMA FFFF1000100010001000((((SartomerSartomerSartomerSartomer) ) ) ) coatingcoatingcoatingcoating

IFIFIFIF----WSWSWSWS2222substratesubstratesubstratesubstrate IFIFIFIF----WSWSWSWS2222particlesparticlesparticlesparticles

Dr. F. Solomon-Tsvetkov, Daren laboratories, 2005, 2007

*Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) nanocomposite with Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) nanocomposite with Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) nanocomposite with Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) nanocomposite with IFIFIFIF----WSWSWSWS2222It was suggested that IF accelerate the crystallization rate of PPS, and this due to It was suggested that IF accelerate the crystallization rate of PPS, and this due to It was suggested that IF accelerate the crystallization rate of PPS, and this due to It was suggested that IF accelerate the crystallization rate of PPS, and this due to

the nucleation effect of the IFthe nucleation effect of the IFthe nucleation effect of the IFthe nucleation effect of the IF----WSWSWSWS2222 favours the formation of small imperfect favours the formation of small imperfect favours the formation of small imperfect favours the formation of small imperfect crystals, which can provide excellent rigidity to the crystalline PPS.crystals, which can provide excellent rigidity to the crystalline PPS.crystals, which can provide excellent rigidity to the crystalline PPS.crystals, which can provide excellent rigidity to the crystalline PPS.

M. Naffakh, C. Marco, M. Gmez, J. Gmez-Herrero, I. Jimnez, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 10104 (2010)

Increase in storage modulus of Increase in storage modulus of Increase in storage modulus of Increase in storage modulus of 40404040----75757575%%%%

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposite with nanocomposite with nanocomposite with nanocomposite with IFIFIFIF----WSWSWSWS2 2 2 2

Polymer coatings have been produced using aerosolPolymer coatings have been produced using aerosolPolymer coatings have been produced using aerosolPolymer coatings have been produced using aerosol----assisted deposition assisted deposition assisted deposition assisted deposition process process process process

1111----20202020% of IF% of IF% of IF% of IF----WSWSWSWS2222 increase increase increase increase HardnessHardnessHardnessHardness and and and and ModulusModulusModulusModulus by up to by up to by up to by up to 67676767---- 60606060% ;% ;% ;% ;1111% IF% IF% IF% IF----WSWSWSWS2222 increase the T of decomposition by increase the T of decomposition by increase the T of decomposition by increase the T of decomposition by 20202020----30303030C (not shown)C (not shown)C (not shown)C (not shown)

X. Hou, C.X. Shan, K.-L. Choy, Univ. Nottingham, Surf. & Coat. Tech. 202 (2008) 2287-2291.

*Friction for PEEK / IFFriction for PEEK / IFFriction for PEEK / IFFriction for PEEK / IF----WSWSWSWS2222nanocompositesnanocompositesnanocompositesnanocomposites

2222....5555% IF% IF% IF% IF----WSWSWSWS2222 reduce COF by up to reduce COF by up to reduce COF by up to reduce COF by up to 70707070% % % %

X. Hou, C.X. Shan, K.-L. Choy, Surface & Coatings Technology 202, 2287 (2008)

2222....5555% IF% IF% IF% IF

*Modulus, tensile strength, thermal stability, thermal conductivity (not Modulus, tensile strength, thermal stability, thermal conductivity (not Modulus, tensile strength, thermal stability, thermal conductivity (not Modulus, tensile strength, thermal stability, thermal conductivity (not shown), crystallization temperature (not shown) of PEEK exhibited shown), crystallization temperature (not shown) of PEEK exhibited shown), crystallization temperature (not shown) of PEEK exhibited shown), crystallization temperature (not shown) of PEEK exhibited

remarkable improvement with the addition of IFremarkable improvement with the addition of IFremarkable improvement with the addition of IFremarkable improvement with the addition of IF----WSWSWSWS2222....Storage modulus increased by up to Storage modulus increased by up to Storage modulus increased by up to Storage modulus increased by up to 31313131% and Tg by up to % and Tg by up to % and Tg by up to % and Tg by up to 17 17 17 17 C C C C

Novel MeltNovel MeltNovel MeltNovel Melt----Processable Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/Inorganic FullereneProcessable Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/Inorganic FullereneProcessable Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/Inorganic FullereneProcessable Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/Inorganic Fullerene----like WSlike WSlike WSlike WS2222Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , J. Phys. Chem. B 2010201020102010, , , , 114114114114, , , , 1144411444114441144411453114531145311453

"

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for PEEK / IFPEEK / IFPEEK / IFPEEK / IF----WSWSWSWS2222 nanocompositenanocompositenanocompositenanocomposite

The incorporation of the IFThe incorporation of the IFThe incorporation of the IFThe incorporation of the IF----WSWSWSWS2222 nanoparticles induces a remarkable nanoparticles induces a remarkable nanoparticles induces a remarkable nanoparticles induces a remarkable thermal stabilization of the polymer matrix and thermal stabilization of the polymer matrix and thermal stabilization of the polymer matrix and thermal stabilization of the polymer matrix and NanoparticlesNanoparticlesNanoparticlesNanoparticles as well, as well, as well, as well,

with an increase of the initial and final degradation temperature (Ti) by with an increase of the initial and final degradation temperature (Ti) by with an increase of the initial and final degradation temperature (Ti) by with an increase of the initial and final degradation temperature (Ti) by 55555555----60 60 60 60 C in air and NC in air and NC in air and NC in air and N2222 atmospheres (atmospheres (atmospheres (atmospheres (20202020C/min)C/min)C/min)C/min)

Novel MeltNovel MeltNovel MeltNovel Melt----Processable Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK)/Inorganic FullereneProcessable Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK)/Inorganic FullereneProcessable Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK)/Inorganic FullereneProcessable Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK)/Inorganic Fullerene----like WSlike WSlike WSlike WS2222Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , Nanoparticles for Critical Applications M. Naffakh et al. , J. Phys. Chem. B 2010201020102010, , , , 114114114114, , , , 1144411444114441144411453114531145311453

IFIFIFIF----WSWSWSWS2 2 2 2 enhances:enhances:enhances:enhances:shear shear shear shear strength, strength, strength, strength, shear shear shear shear modulusmodulusmodulusmodulus,,,,& & & & peel peel peel peel strengthstrengthstrengthstrength ofofofofepoxy;epoxy;epoxy;epoxy;

Evidences for chemical Evidences for chemical Evidences for chemical Evidences for chemical interaction between the interaction between the interaction between the interaction between the nanoparticles and the nanoparticles and the nanoparticles and the nanoparticles and the epoxy by FTIR (ATR epoxy by FTIR (ATR epoxy by FTIR (ATR epoxy by FTIR (ATR mode):mode):mode):mode):

Epoxy Nanocomposite with IF-WS2

R-O-S 100% increase

M. Shneider, H. Dodiuk, S. Kenig and R. Tenne, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., 24, 10831095 (2010)

Dispersion of INTDispersion of INTDispersion of INTDispersion of INTFirst type synthesis

INT after High mixing

New synthesis New synthesis New synthesis New synthesis ---- less agglomerated INTless agglomerated INTless agglomerated INTless agglomerated INTIncreases dispersion from Increases dispersion from Increases dispersion from Increases dispersion from 10101010% to % to % to % to 80808080% % % %

Optic Microscope analysesOptic Microscope analysesOptic Microscope analysesOptic Microscope analyses----bad resolution and depth of focus but bad resolution and depth of focus but bad resolution and depth of focus but bad resolution and depth of focus but

good tool for day to day lab investigationsgood tool for day to day lab investigationsgood tool for day to day lab investigationsgood tool for day to day lab investigationsINT in INT in INT in INT in SilasticSilasticSilasticSilastic J (very viscose adhesive): J (very viscose adhesive): J (very viscose adhesive): J (very viscose adhesive):

a) Initial hand mix a) Initial hand mix a) Initial hand mix a) Initial hand mix 50505050::::50505050; b) Final mix with ; b) Final mix with ; b) Final mix with ; b) Final mix with 0000....1111% of % of % of % of NTNTNTNT

5m

5m

INT in Silastic J INT in Silastic J INT in Silastic J INT in Silastic J SEM imagesSEM imagesSEM imagesSEM images

The effect of WSThe effect of WSThe effect of WSThe effect of WS2222 nanotubes on the nanotubes on the nanotubes on the nanotubes on the properties of Epoxy based nanocompositesproperties of Epoxy based nanocompositesproperties of Epoxy based nanocompositesproperties of Epoxy based nanocomposites

49494949% improvement % improvement % improvement % improvement in Fracture Toughnessin Fracture Toughnessin Fracture Toughnessin Fracture Toughness

Tg increased by 6.5C

E. Zohar S. Baruch, M. Shneider, H. Dodiuk, S. Kenig, R. Tenne and H. D. Wagner, J. Adhesion Science and Technology 0 (2010) 115, in press

INTINTINTINT----WSWSWSWS2222 concentration [%wt]concentration [%wt]concentration [%wt]concentration [%wt]

0000....5555%%%%

EpoxyEpoxyEpoxyEpoxy----INT INT INT INT nanocompositenanocompositenanocompositenanocomposite 85858585% improvement in Peel Strength% improvement in Peel Strength% improvement in Peel Strength% improvement in Peel Strength

39393939% improvement % improvement % improvement % improvement in Shear Strengthin Shear Strengthin Shear Strengthin Shear Strength

E. Zohar et al., J. Adh. Sci. and Tech. 0 (2010), 115, in press

TribologicalTribologicalTribologicalTribological properties of Epoxy properties of Epoxy properties of Epoxy properties of Epoxy ---- IF/INTIF/INTIF/INTIF/INT----WSWSWSWS2222nanocompositenanocompositenanocompositenanocomposite

Pin on disk, Pin on disk, Pin on disk, Pin on disk, 0000....35 35 35 35 m/sec, m/sec, m/sec, m/sec, 20 20 20 20 N, N, N, N, 0000....25 25 25 25 MPaMPaMPaMPa, Dry friction, Dry friction, Dry friction, Dry friction

53535353% and % and % and % and 88888888% reducing of wear for % reducing of wear for % reducing of wear for % reducing of wear for 1111wt% IF and wt% IF and wt% IF and wt% IF and 0000....5555wt% INTwt% INTwt% INTwt% INTReproducible resultsReproducible resultsReproducible resultsReproducible results

1.8

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Neat Epoxy IF-WS2 1% INT-WS2 0.5%

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2004 2004 2004 2004 The first work on nanocomposite with IFThe first work on nanocomposite with IFThe first work on nanocomposite with IFThe first work on nanocomposite with IF----WSWSWSWS2222 in Epoxy and in Epoxy and in Epoxy and in Epoxy and Polyacetal (Delrin) Polyacetal (Delrin) Polyacetal (Delrin) Polyacetal (Delrin)

Inorganic Nanoparticles filled polymer composites show Inorganic Nanoparticles filled polymer composites show Inorganic Nanoparticles filled polymer composites show Inorganic Nanoparticles filled polymer composites show low friction and high wear resistancelow friction and high wear resistancelow friction and high wear resistancelow friction and high wear resistance

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Time, min1 - Delirin; 2 - Delrin & 1.7 wt% IF-WS2

Pin on disk tester, dry conditions. Delrin is a commonly used material for tribological applications; 2 times, wear ~5 times; transfer film

mechanism;

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L.Rapoport,etL.Rapoport,etL.Rapoport,etL.Rapoport,et all, Adv. Eng. Mat., all, Adv. Eng. Mat., all, Adv. Eng. Mat., all, Adv. Eng. Mat., 2004200420042004,,,,6666, No , No , No , No 1111----2222

Pin on disk tester, adding of paraffin oil every Pin on disk tester, adding of paraffin oil every Pin on disk tester, adding of paraffin oil every Pin on disk tester, adding of paraffin oil every 5555min. min. min. min. Epoxy resin has poor tribological characteristics; Epoxy resin has poor tribological characteristics; Epoxy resin has poor tribological characteristics; Epoxy resin has poor tribological characteristics;

IF reduce brittleness of epoxy (SEM); IF reduce brittleness of epoxy (SEM); IF reduce brittleness of epoxy (SEM); IF reduce brittleness of epoxy (SEM); 3333times, wear ~times, wear ~times, wear ~times, wear ~10 10 10 10 times; transfer times; transfer times; transfer times; transfer film

Epoxy

Epoxy & IF

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mechanism;

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L.Rapoport,et all, Adv. Eng. Mat.L.Rapoport,et all, Adv. Eng. Mat.L.Rapoport,et all, Adv. Eng. Mat.L.Rapoport,et all, Adv. Eng. Mat.2004200420042004,,,,6666, No , No , No , No 1111----2222

Zussman Group, Technion (2010

SummarySummarySummarySummary1.1.1.1. INTINTINTINT---- and IFand IFand IFand IF---- WSWSWSWS2222 are very promising materials are very promising materials are very promising materials are very promising materials for for for for enchancingenchancingenchancingenchancing mechanical and thermalmechanical and thermalmechanical and thermalmechanical and thermalproperties of the different polymer matrixes.properties of the different polymer matrixes.properties of the different polymer matrixes.properties of the different polymer matrixes.

2222. Inorganic Nanoparticles could be successfully . Inorganic Nanoparticles could be successfully . Inorganic Nanoparticles could be successfully . Inorganic Nanoparticles could be successfully dispersed in organic solvents and in polymer.dispersed in organic solvents and in polymer.dispersed in organic solvents and in polymer.dispersed in organic solvents and in polymer.

3333. The production of IF is in industrial scale today. The production of IF is in industrial scale today. The production of IF is in industrial scale today. The production of IF is in industrial scale todayand INT and INT and INT and INT will be shortly.will be shortly.will be shortly.will be shortly.

Thanks for NanoMaterials team

and to all over the world

researchers

Thank you for your attention !

7. Polymer Nanocomposites with Fullerene-Like Solid Lubricant, L. Rapoport, O. Nepomnyashchy, R. Popovitz-Biro, Yu Volovik, B. Ittah, and R. Tenne, Adv. Eng. Mater., 6666, 44-48 (2004);

8. a) a) a) a) Toughening of EpoxyEpoxyEpoxyEpoxy Adhesives by Nanoparticles, A. Buchman, H. Dodiuk-Kenig, A. Dotan, R. Tenne and S.Kenig, J. Adhesion Sci. Tech. 23232323, 753768 (2009); b) b) b) b) The Effect of Tungsten Sulfide Fullerene-Like Nanoparticles on the Toughness of Epoxy Resins, M. Shneider, H. Dodiuk, S. Kenig and R Tenne, J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., 24, 10831095 (2010); c)c)c)c) The Effect of WS2 Nanotubes on the Properties of Epoxy Based Nanocomposites, E. Zohar, S. Baruch, M. Shneider, H. Dodiuk, S. Kenig, R. Tenne, H.D. Wagner, J. Adh. Sci. Tech., in press.;

9. Influence of Inorganic Fullerene-Like WS2 Nanoparticles on the Thermal Behavior ofIsotactic Polypropylene (iPPIsotactic Polypropylene (iPPIsotactic Polypropylene (iPPIsotactic Polypropylene (iPP), Naffakh et all, J. Polym. Sc.: Part B, 2007, 2309-2321;Isotactic Polypropylene (iPPIsotactic Polypropylene (iPPIsotactic Polypropylene (iPPIsotactic Polypropylene (iPP), Naffakh et all, J. Polym. Sc.: Part B, 2007, 2309-2321;

10. a) a) a) a) Unique Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of Novel Polyphenylene Polyphenylene Polyphenylene Polyphenylene Sulfide(PPSSulfide(PPSSulfide(PPSSulfide(PPS)/InorganicFullerene-like WS2 Nanocomposites, M.Naffakh, C. Marco, M. A. Gomez, I. Jimenez, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 112, No. 47, 2008; b) b) b) b) J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 71077115 ; c) c) c) c) Use of Inorganic Fullerene-like WS2 to Produce Novel High-Performance Polyphenylene Sulfide Nanocomposites: Role of the Nanoparticle Concentration , 2010 , submitted.

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