nano ic engine2

8/12/2019 Nano Ic Engine2

1/11

NANO IC ENGINE

SAY I.C TO NANO!!!!!

(NANO - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE)

By: K.KANISHKA KUMAR MECH SATYA PRASAD MECH

SISTAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EMAIL:ka "#ka.$%a &'% *a +., *

ABSTRACT

NANO one billionth of one and one third of micro, to be precise 10 -9m. Nanotechnolog is

m!ch disc!ssed these da s as a emerging frontier " a realm in #hich machines operate at scales of

billionth a meter. It is act!all a m!ltit!de of rapidl emerging technologies based !pon the scaling

do#n of e$isting technologies to the ne$t le%el of precision and miniat!ri&ation. In the field of nano

technologies researchers are enth!siastic abo!t its potential applications in fields s!ch as energ ,

medicine, electronics, comp!ting and materials. Of late, one of the emerging aspects dealing

Nanotechnolog in mechanical field is the internal comb!stion engine on a nano scale, #hich #e

ha%e chosen as o!r area of interest. 'eat engines ha%e e%ol%ed from e$ternal comb!stion engines to

internal comb!stion engines and the hot off the bloc( is the nano internal comb!stion engine.

)his pict!re gi%es an idea of the si&e of the nano internal comb!stion engine. If o! obser%e, the

length from the bac( plate to #asher is less than an inch. )here are no e$otic materials re*!ired
http://archive.dstc.edu.au/BDU/staff/ron/nano/nano_rule2.jpg


2/11

It has high precision, cost effecti%e, high speed +!p to 0000rpm .)he %ario!s applications can be

spotted from race cars to space crafts. It can also be applied to %ario!s fields li(e agric!lt!ral p!mp

sets, ind!strial applications, 'ospitals, constr!ctions ci%il engineering e*!ipments etc.,

)his paper f!rther deal #ith the histor , constr!ction of a nano IC engine, their merits their f!t!re

prospects. )his paper disc!ss abo!t Nano IC engine at length.

I /% $0,/ :

/hat is nano technolog

Its #orth pointing o!t that the #ord nanotechnolog has become %er pop!lar and is !sed to

describe man t pes of research #here the characteristic dimension are less than abo!t tho!sand

nano meter If #e are to contin!e these trends #e #ill ha%e to de%elop a ne# man!fact!ring

technolog #hich #ill let !s ine$pensi%el b!ild nano s stem #ith mole *!antities that are

molec!lar in both si&e and precision and are inter connected in comple$ patterns NANO

)EC'NO OG2 /I 3O )'I4.

/hat is heat engine

'eat engines #or( on the principle of con%erting chemical energ into mechanical #or( and e%ol%e

from e$ternal comb!stion engine to internal comb!stion engine. E$ternal comb!stion engine is the

heat engine in #hich f!el comb!stion ta(es place e$ternal to c linder. 3!e to this it is b!l( and

cons!mes lot of place. 4econd re%ol!tion of heat engines are ICE in #hich f!el comb!stion ta(es

internall and cons!mes less place and became compact, cost effecti%e. Of late third re%ol!tion is

NANO I /'% a+ C *10"/ E '. I/ " $ 22 ,0+/ / /#%'a$- a ''$+'. I*a ' 3 %k

3 /# a "/%0*' / 3 /# ' 1 ++ /# 2 *'/%'.

C "/%0,/ 2 4Na 4 - A 5.6,, C *7%'"" I / E ':


3/11

)he Nano is a 0.1cc 5that6s less than 0.01 c!in7 compression ignition engine - most fre*!entl , if

some#hat inacc!ratel , referred to as a 8diesel8. It #as designed b ichard Gordon and the plans

#ere incl!ded as a s!pplement #ith the :ritish ;aga&ine Model Engineer in the earl 19906s.

An idea of the si&e of the Nano is gi%en b this pict!re. 8 on a side. )he piston and contra piston are cast iron. )he cran(shaft and liner are an

old steel from the scrap bo$.

'ere is an e$ploded %ie# of the engine. )he odd loo(ing thing in the foregro!nd is a special Nano-

4panner re*!ired to tighten the bac( plate. It also fits the f!el nipple. )he constr!ction is e$tremel

con%entional - onl the scale is !n!s!al.

i(e all model IC pro?ects, there are a fe# special ?igs and tools re*!ired to constr!ct the Nano. All

are f!ll detailed in the plan, #hich incl!des step b step instr!ctions #ith photos. )he c!tter is made

from #ater hardening drill rod 5called 8sil%er steel8 in the @ beca!se of its appearance - it contains

no sil%er7.the teeth are formed of 3ermal-t pe c!t-off #heel.
http://archive.dstc.edu.au/BDU/staff/ron/nano/nano_cutter.jpg


4/11

)he c!tter is !sed to form the e$ha!st ports in the c linder. )here are three of these, spaced at 1B0

degrees #ith s!fficient space bet#een them for the angled transfer ports to slightl o%erlap the

timing. )he cro#n of the piston is conical to assist transfer. )he contra piston has a matching

conca%e conical depression.

As mentioned pre%io!sl , the cran(case is formed from a c!be of al!min!m. )he %ent!ri is

machined separatel and sec!red #ith o(-)ite before the final reaming of the cran(shaft ?o!rnal.

Notice the three transfer passages in the photo. )hese terminate in a transfer belt belo# the c linder

seat that matches #ith the c linder transfer ports. If o! loo( %er closel , o!6ll also see the st!ff-!p

that t!rned a#a part of the %ent!ri opening. Al#a s happens on the last operation

)here6s nothing special in the cran(shaft components. Another ?ig 5not sho#n7 is made to hold the

shaft in the =-?a# ch!c(, offset b half the thro# for forming the cran( pin. E%en at these si&es, final

lapping to si&e is no different from larger engines in terms of the amo!nt of metal that m!st be E


5/11

Again, apart from their si&e, there6s nothing special abo!t the needle %al%e components the needle

itself #as made from steel and 8bl!ed8 it b a *!ic( heat in a gas flame follo#ed b #ater

*!enching. No big deal, b!t the ama&ing thing is the attention it dra#s #ith people #ho e$amine the

engine. This costs just US$10 only.

/hen it #as fired, it r!n briefl , oscillating bac( and forth abo!t )3C li(e o%er compressed diesels

#ith small mass fl #heels are #onDt to do. !nning .b!t spring starters are the onl #a to start

!ltra small diesels - hand propping ?!st #on6t #or(. Also, the f!el for mini diesels needs a lot of ether

- as high as 0F b %ol!me. /ith high ether f!el and a spring starter, the little Nano #ill b!rst into

life. ichard Gordon claims it #ill t!rn 0,000 rpm - es, that6s no t po, forty thousand revolutions

per minute . American engine b!ilder on Colona !sed to demo his at model engineering sho#s and

t!rning at better than B0,000 rpm.

THE COMPONENTS USED :

C AN CA4E

:AC A)E

C2 IN3E AN3 'EA3

HEN)@ I AN3 NEE3 E HA HE A44E;: 2

CON O34 AN3 C AN 4'A


6/11

Cran(case and C linder ro!gh-o!t

)he cran(case starts off as a ch!n( of al!min!m bar of abo!t 1-

1>B8 diameter, sa#n to length, pl!s a little bit. )he first step is to

finish t!rn the front section #ith a 1> 8 radi!s #here the ?o!rnal

blends into the bod . )he photo sho#s the ro!ghing o!t process.

Note that the tool is ra(ed bac( sharpl #hile 8hog gin6 great c!ts8 are made so that if it digs in, the

c!t #ill be forced shallo#er, not deeper as it #o!ld be if the tool #ere set ra(ed for#ard li(e areg!lar (nife tool.

Ne$t #e need to remo%e all the e$cess al!min!m that does not loo( li(e a cran(case. )his can easil

be done #ith a band sa#, or less easil done #ith a hac(sa# In either case, mar(ing o!t is

simplified b preparing a f!ll si&e profile on paper, centered in a circle the same si&e as the bar stoc(.

;ine #as done from the CA3 dra#ings, b!t pencil and compass co!ld achie%e the same res!lt #ith

abo!t the same effort.

)he paper template has a hole c!t ro!ghl in the middle to accommodate the ?o!rnal and the blended

radi!s #here it meets the front face. It is attached to the face #ith a standard gl!e stic(. If o!6re

caref!l, this #ill last long eno!gh to complete the b!tcher . 4a# to #ithin abo!t 1>=B8 51mm7 of the

o!tline. )a(e care beca!se heat b!ild!p #ill melt the gl!e. )he ne$t photo sho#s the fo!r basic

stages in cran(case man!fact!re

:ar stoc( blan(

Jo!rnal t!rned and sa#ing template gl!ed in place

Cran(case ro!gh sa#n to #ithin 1mm of the template o!tline

)he finished cran(case
http://archive.dstc.edu.au/BDU/staff/ron/weaver/Weaver_cc_1.jpg


7/11

Ba,k 7+a/':

)he bac( plate is simple t!rning #ith onl some aspects of #or(

holding posing an problems. In this first shot, the bac( plate profile has been t!rned on a piece of bar stoc( #ith the interior

face oriented to#ards the tailstoc(. )his means #e #ill be scre#

c!tting to#ards the sho!lder formed b the bac( plate rim, so a thin 50.0B087 r!n o!t groo%e is first

c!t at the thread>rim ?!nction to the depth of the thread form. )his also ass!res the bac( plate #ill

form a tight seal against the rear of the cran( case.

)he thread c!tting tool is a piece of 1> 8 diameter '44 steel, gro!nd to a K0 degree point #ith se%en

degrees of side ra(e, mo!nted in a tracting tool holder. )his magnificent gadget ta(es a #hile to

ma(e b!t is absol!tel in%al!able to thread c!tting. )he little ball le%er act!ates a spring loaded, o%er

center cam - ?!st re*!iring a flic( to retract the tool bit b abo!t =>1K8. )his allo#s the saddle to be

repositioned for the ne$t c!tting pass #itho!t ha%ing to t#iddle dials and remember settings.

)he c linder blan( has no# been replaced in the = ?a# ch!c( #ith the top of flange against the ?a#s

and some thin al!min!m shim 5beer can material7 aro!nd the

o!tside to protect the finish and thread. )he bore #ill be drilled so

as to lea%e L to 10 tho! to be remo%ed b the reamer. It is pilot

drilled first. I6m told it6s good practice to select a pilot si&e no

grater than half the ne$t drilling si&e to pre%ent the ne$t si&e

#andering. 'ere #e see the reamer being floated into the bore

!sing the tailstoc( 5larger hand reamers #ill ha%e a dimple in the end #hich assists this operation.


8/11

ch!c( bac(#ards. )he reamer is pre%ented from rotating b resting the tap handle on the compo!nd

slide. A piece of shim material protects the slide from damage b the handle

)he transfer ports of the #ea%er are !n!s!al. )he comprise

%ertical channels, spaced e*!idistantl aro!nt the for#ard 1L0

degrees of the c linder. )he terminate in a 8transfer beltM belo# the e$ha!st ports. )his arrangement

a%oids the ind!ction port at the c linder rear. )hese ports cannot be c!t before reaming 5or boring7 as

their presence #o!ld ma(e it impossible to c!t the bore acc!ratel . )his flash-fail!re shot sho#s ho#

the are drilled. A short al!min!m 5or brass7 pl!g is t!rned to be an interference fit !p the bore. )he

holes are then drilled at the intersection of the c linder and pl!g. )he c linder #all #ill be *!ite thin

ad?acent the transfer passages, b!t b !sing a slightl softer material for the pl!g, the drill #ill

incline to#ards the softer material, pre%enting an danger or a r!ined part.

8' /0% a $ N''$+' 8a+9' A""'*1+y:

In the pre%io!s section, the c linder had progressed to a nearl finished state, still re*!iring internal

lapping. apping sho!ld al#a s be the last operation on a c linder of this t pe. )his means the boss

for attaching the side port %ent!ri m!st be fitted before lapping can be done. In this session, the boss

is made and the associated parts for the %ent!ri and needle %al%e.

)he boss #ill be soft soldered to the c linder 5diesels don6t get hot eno!gh to melt soft solder7.

8.solder does not ma(e the ?oint, it onl (eeps the air o!t8 and schooled me to ma(e a good fit of

parts to be soldered. )he boss #ill b!tt to the c linder, #hich has an o!tside diameter of 0. 008. 4o,

a good fit can be achie%ed b profiling the boss #ith a 1>B8 end mill. In this photo, #e see the boss

blan( 5eno!gh for fo!r7 #hich has been finished o!tside, drilled read for tapping and transferred

still in the = ?a# ch!c( to the mill for end profiling.
http://archive.dstc.edu.au/BDU/staff/ron/weaver/porting_cyl.jpg


9/11


10/11

T#' 7% 1+'*: E%er da people are spending more and more mone beca!se of rising gas

prices. eople all o%er the #orld are tr ing to find a sol!tion e%en %isiting #ebsites to locate the

nearest and cheapest gas, all the #hile losing time and mileage ?!st to reach +these ref!eling

stations. ;an ha%e been gi%ing !p fa%orite hobbies and changing life plans beca!se of the

need to reallocate their f!nds for gas.


11/11

- rotects the en%ironment b red!cing harmf!l emissions and fighting global #arming.

INFERENCE :

/ith the application of Nano in e%er sphere of life the bigD ma not find its place in engineering

dictionar in f!t!re. If #e are to contin!e these trends #e #ill ha%e to de%elop a ne# man!fact!ring

technolog , #hich #ill let !s ine$pensi%el b!ild nano s stem #ith mole *!antities that are

molec!lar in both si&e and precision and are, inter connected in comple$ patterns

NANO)EC'NO OG2 /I 3O )'I4. NANO technolog #ith all its challenges and

opport!nities is an a%oidable part of o!r f!t!re. It can be rightl said that nano technolog slo#l

and steadil ass!ring in the ne$t Ind!strial e%ol!tion.

nano ic engine2

Documents